It is well known that Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has two outstanding academic characteristics:the holistic concept comes from Huang Di Nei Jing,and the syndrome differentiation and treatment comes from Shang Han...It is well known that Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has two outstanding academic characteristics:the holistic concept comes from Huang Di Nei Jing,and the syndrome differentiation and treatment comes from Shang Han Lun.These two characteristics denote the two major academic systems of TCM:one is the medical system of Huang Di Nei Jing,also named syndrome differentiation and treatment system of Zang-Fu organs and meridians,focuses on theoretical exploration,which highlights functional connection and emphasizes philosophical thinking.The treatment in this system is based on physiological functions by taking Zang-Fu organs as the main body,Qi,blood,essence,and body fluid as the auxiliary body,and the meridians and collaterals as the connection channels.The other is the syndrome differentiation and treatment system of the six meridians,which emphasizes clinical practice.It encompasses the idea that the six meridians govern various diseases,emphasizes the disease sites and divisional treatment,and pays attention to the precision and appropriateness of prescription-syndrome differentiation.These two academic systems,with mutual influences and relations,are both the essence and pearl of TCM,nevertheless,there are obvious differences between the two in clinical application,so they should be distinguished.This paper will elaborate on the connection and difference between them,and how to organically combine the two systems for better application in clinical practice of TCM.展开更多
In recent years, the widespread prevalence of loneliness, materialism, and Internet addiction have been widely studied. Studies have addressed either loneliness or materialism and its relationship with Internet addict...In recent years, the widespread prevalence of loneliness, materialism, and Internet addiction have been widely studied. Studies have addressed either loneliness or materialism and its relationship with Internet addiction. However, to date, no study has addressed all three concepts in a single study. The purpose of this study was: 1) to investigate whether loneliness or materialism is a reliable predictor of Internet addiction and 2) what is the nature of the relationship among these variables across gender. Data were collected from a crosssectional online-survey, which consisted of US adults (N = 311). The survey consisted of 42 items related to the key constructs. Additionally, some demographic variables were also included in the survey. Loneliness was not associated with Internet addiction. On the other hand, materialism was strongly associated with Internet addiction. The aforementioned relationship was valid across gender. Between loneliness and materialism, materialism was a strong predictor of Internet addiction.展开更多
In this paper, the author intends to illustrate cultural materialism behind cultural diffusion process. The author first argues that despite the two opposing paradigms of cultural views （differentialism vs. universal...In this paper, the author intends to illustrate cultural materialism behind cultural diffusion process. The author first argues that despite the two opposing paradigms of cultural views （differentialism vs. universalism） what is really happening and winning is the third paradigm of mixing cultural perspective as presented in Jan Nederveen Pieterse＇s book Globalization and culture-global Mdlange. Then the author takes Marvin Harris＇ cultural materialism theory as the basis and gives specific evidence from China to illustrate the formation and eventual spread of any ＂new cultural scripts＂, which is done through the transformation process from territorial culture to translocal culture with economic motive behind as the driving force. These Chinese cases of global mixing, in turn, form a further support to Marvin Harris＇s cultural materialism theory.展开更多
Natural materialism, humanistic materialism and historical materialism are the three historical forms of materialism. The ＂material＂ in historical materialism is a social thing which is ＂perceptible and imperceptib...Natural materialism, humanistic materialism and historical materialism are the three historical forms of materialism. The ＂material＂ in historical materialism is a social thing which is ＂perceptible and imperceptible by the senses＂ and connotes social relations; and the ＂history＂ in historical materialism is the realm in which contradictions between man and nature and between man and society are able to unfold, so historical materialism is ＂actually a critical view of the world＂ that inherently contains dialectics in a ＂rational form.＂ The formulation of historical materialism opened a new path for the development of materialism and even philosophy as a whole. In the course of its critique of capitalist society, which unfolds with capital as a core category, historical materialism sublates abstract existence and discovers real social existence, thus putting an end to metaphysics, which is grounded in abstract ontology.展开更多
Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with ...Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with multidirectional structure during UAG is challenging,impeding the progress and improvement of the UAG process.This work examined the impact of ultrasonic vibration on the dynamic mechanical characteristics during processing.Additionally,we experimentally elucidated the material removal mechanism of CMCs during the scratching process under the influence of vertical vibration.The results indicate that the introduction of ultrasonic vibration causes a strain rate effect,resulting in a modification of the material removal mechanism,subsequently impacting the processing quality.Ultrasonic vibration increases the dynamic strength and brittleness of the fibers in CMCs,leading to more cracks at fracture,which changes from the original bending fracture to shear fracture.In addition,ultrasonic vibration can effectively inhibit the impact of scratching depth and anisotropy on the removal mechanism of CMCs,resulting in a more uniform surface of CMCs after processing.展开更多
KIT-5/Beta composite supports were synthesized using an in situ self-assembly hydrothermal method,and NiW/KIT-5/Beta catalysts were prepared by impregnation.A series of characterization techniques were utilized to eva...KIT-5/Beta composite supports were synthesized using an in situ self-assembly hydrothermal method,and NiW/KIT-5/Beta catalysts were prepared by impregnation.A series of characterization techniques were utilized to evaluate the influence of varying hydrothermal synthesis temperatures on the physicochemical properties of both the KIT-5/Beta supports and the resulting catalysts.The catalytic performances of catalysts were evaluated under reaction conditions of 320℃,4 MPa H_(2)pressure,and a weight hourly space velocity(WHSV)of 4.8 h^(-1)for hydrodenitrogenation(HDN)of quinoline.The results indicated that the specific surface area and pore structure of the materials could be effectively regulated by adjusting the hydrothermal synthesis temperature,which in turn influenced the number of active sites on the catalyst.The NiW/KB-125 catalyst,synthesized at 125℃,presented the highest quinoline HDN efficiency(96.8%),which can be attributed to its favorable pore channel structure,greater Brønsted acid number,higher degree of metal sulfidation(80.12%)and appropriate metal-support interaction(MSI).展开更多
Under hydrothermal and solvothermal conditions,two novel cobalt-based complexes,{[Co_(2)(CIA)(OH)(1,4-dtb)]·3.2H_(2)O}n(HU23)and{[Co_(2)(CIA)(OH)(1,4-dib)]·3.5H2O·DMF}n(HU24),were successfully construct...Under hydrothermal and solvothermal conditions,two novel cobalt-based complexes,{[Co_(2)(CIA)(OH)(1,4-dtb)]·3.2H_(2)O}n(HU23)and{[Co_(2)(CIA)(OH)(1,4-dib)]·3.5H2O·DMF}n(HU24),were successfully constructed by coordinatively assembling the semi-rigid multidentate ligand 5-(1-carboxyethoxy)isophthalic acid(H₃CIA)with the Nheterocyclic ligands 1,4-di(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)benzene(1,4-dtb)and 1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene(1,4-dib),respectively,around Co^(2+)ions.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that in both complexes HU23 and HU24,the CIA^(3-)anions adopt aκ^(7)-coordination mode,bridging six Co^(2+)ions via their five carboxylate oxygen atoms and one ether oxygen atom.This linkage forms tetranuclear[Co4(μ3-OH)2]^(6+)units.These Co-oxo cluster units were interconnected by CIA^(3-)anions to assemble into 2D kgd-type structures featuring a 3,6-connected topology.The 2D layers were further connected by 1,4-dtb and 1,4-dib,resulting in 3D pillar-layered frameworks for HU23 and HU24.Notably,despite the similar configurations of 1,4-dtb and 1,4-dib,differences in their coordination spatial orientations lead to topological divergence in the 3D frameworks of HU23 and HU24.Topological analysis indicates that the frameworks of HU23 and HU24 can be simplified into a 3,10-connected net(point symbol:(4^(10).6^(3).8^(2))(4^(3))_(2))and a 3,8-connected tfz-d net(point symbol:(4^(3))_(2)((4^(6).6^(18).8^(4)))),respectively.This structural differentiation confirms the precise regulatory role of ligands on the topology of metal-organic frameworks.Moreover,the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra confirmed that HU23 and HU24 have strong absorption capabilities for ultraviolet and visible light.According to the Kubelka-Munk method,their bandwidths were 2.15 and 2.08 eV,respectively,which are consistent with those of typical semiconductor materials.Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements(2-300 K)revealed significant antiferromagnetic coupling in both complexes,with their effective magnetic moments decreasing markedly as the temperature lowered.CCDC:2457554,HU23;2457553,HU24.展开更多
Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food mater...Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.展开更多
Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have attracted great attention in aqueous batteries due to their merit of high safety.However,the constrained work potential and insufficient chemical stability of anode materials in...Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have attracted great attention in aqueous batteries due to their merit of high safety.However,the constrained work potential and insufficient chemical stability of anode materials in aqueous electro-lytes hinder the large-scale application of ASIBs.Sodium titanium phosphate,NaTi_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NTP),is considered one of the most promising anode materials for ASIBs due to its excellent electrochemical performance and tunable structure.Recently,great achievements have been made in the development of NTP,however,a comprehensive review of existing studies is still lacking.This article firstly introduces the basic properties of NTP and analyzes the existing challenges.Subsequently,it will provide a comprehensive overview of the key strategies related to the design and modification of NTP materials with optimized electrochemical performance.Finally,based on the current research status and practical needs,suggestions,and future perspectives for advancing NTP in practical applications of ASIBs are presented.This review aims to guide the future research trajectory from basic material innovation to industrial applications,thus promoting the large-scale commercializa-tion of ASIBs.展开更多
Historian of science Joseph Needham argued in various papers and books that the philosophy of organic materialism that informed classical Chinese science not only nurtured Chinese discoveries in areas such as magnetic...Historian of science Joseph Needham argued in various papers and books that the philosophy of organic materialism that informed classical Chinese science not only nurtured Chinese discoveries in areas such as magnetic studies,but also obstructed the emergence of early modern mechanical science in China.Nevertheless,the emergence of field conceptions in late modern science led him to see that Chinese organic materialism could combine with mechanical conceptions to enrich late modern science.Although much attention has been paid to Needham's historical and sociological views of Chinese science,there has been hardly any systematic focus on understanding his conception of the philosophy of Chinese science.This article explains why Chinese organic materialism not only nurtured Chinese science in the past,and hindered the emergence of modern science in China,but can also be part of a synthesis of late modern science transcending early Western science.展开更多
The fundamental task of Marxist philosophical studies today is to uncover contemporary social actuality. It was Hegel who first showed a possible way to social actuality in philosophical terms via sharp critiques of s...The fundamental task of Marxist philosophical studies today is to uncover contemporary social actuality. It was Hegel who first showed a possible way to social actuality in philosophical terms via sharp critiques of subjective consciousness and its external reflection. Marx critically inherited this legacy from Hegel. His critiques not only undermined the speculative, idealist alliance of Idea and Actuality, but also thoroughly reconstructed the essential dimension of social actuality. A Kantian interpretation of Marxist philosophy on this theme presupposes a dismissal of the dimension of social actuality, which means a return to the philosophy of subjective consciousness. The latter in turn means the actual collapse of historical materialism. The path to social actuality is vital to historical materialism. It is only through this path that the truth of the theory of historical materialism can be upheld.展开更多
Moisture electricity generation(MEG)has emerged as a sustainable and versatile energy-harvesting technology capable of converting ubiquitous environmental moisture into electrical energy,which holds great promise for ...Moisture electricity generation(MEG)has emerged as a sustainable and versatile energy-harvesting technology capable of converting ubiquitous environmental moisture into electrical energy,which holds great promise for renewable energy and constructing self-powered electronics.In this review,we begin by outlining the fundamental mechanisms—ion diffusion,electric double layer formation,and streaming potential—that govern charge transport for MEG in moist environments.A comprehensive survey of material innovations follows,highlighting breakthroughs in carbon-based materials,conductive polymers,hydrogels,and bio-inspired systems that enhance MEG performance,scalability,and biocompatibility.We then explore a range of device architectures,from planar and layered systems to flexible,miniaturized,and textile-integrated designs,engineered for both energy conversion and sensor integration.Key challenges are analyzed,along with strategies for overcoming them.We conclude with a forward-looking perspective on future directions,including hybrid energy systems,AI-assisted material design,and real-world deployment.This review presents a timely and comprehensive overview of MEG technologies and their trajectory toward practical and sustainable energy solutions.展开更多
Marx’s profound analysis of such social signs as commodity,money,and capital shows that inversion and negation are universal and rule-governed social signs and that social signs attain historical characteristics in c...Marx’s profound analysis of such social signs as commodity,money,and capital shows that inversion and negation are universal and rule-governed social signs and that social signs attain historical characteristics in certain social formations.The basic contradiction arising from human practice,i.e.,their contradictory movement of objectification and nonobjectification,is determined by the dialectical nature of practice,that is,by the relationship of negativity as a medium,and is the concrete expression of the dialectics of negativity in signs.The critique of social semiotics from the perspective of historical materialism is based on practice and reality,and points to the future;it is revolutionary and constructive.At present,the scientific construction of social semiotics can not only promote the development of semiotics,but can also be an important step in deepening historical materialism.展开更多
Classical computation of electronic properties in large-scale materials remains challenging.Quantum computation has the potential to offer advantages in memory footprint and computational scaling.However,general and v...Classical computation of electronic properties in large-scale materials remains challenging.Quantum computation has the potential to offer advantages in memory footprint and computational scaling.However,general and viable quantum algorithms for simulating large-scale materials are still limited.We propose and implement random-state quantum algorithms to calculate electronic-structure properties of real materials.Using a random state circuit on a small number of qubits,we employ real-time evolution with first-order Trotter decomposition and Hadamard test to obtain electronic density of states,and we develop a modified quantum phase estimation algorithm to calculate real-space local density of states via direct quantum measurements.Furthermore,we validate these algorithms by numerically computing the density of states and spatial distributions of electronic states in graphene,twisted bilayer graphene quasicrystals,and fractal lattices,covering system sizes from hundreds to thousands of atoms.Our results manifest that the random-state quantum algorithms provide a general and qubit-efficient route to scalable simulations of electronic properties in large-scale periodic and aperiodic materials.展开更多
Large-volume presses(LVPs)are widely utilized in diverse research fields—including high-pressure physics,chemistry,materials science,and Earth and planetary sciences—to investigate the physical and chemical properti...Large-volume presses(LVPs)are widely utilized in diverse research fields—including high-pressure physics,chemistry,materials science,and Earth and planetary sciences—to investigate the physical and chemical properties of materials under extreme high-pressure and hightemperature conditions.A prerequisite for achieving reproducible property measurements is the determination and control of pressure within experimental setups.However,the lack of precise pressure calibration in LVPs hinders the broader application of such devices in ultrahigh-pressure studies.This study employs a suite of standard phase transition-based pressure markers—comprising metallic conductors,semiconductors,and minerals—through both in situ and ex situ identification approaches,to establish pressure calibration curves ranging from 0.4 to>30 GPa for various types of LVP installed at the Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research(HPSTAR),Beijing,including piston–cylinder,cubic,and multi-anvil presses.The results provide a unified and traceable pressure reference for highpressure experiments conducted at HPSTAR,while also offering technical guidance and calibration standards for other researchers utilizing similar LVP systems,thereby enabling more consistent comparison between different laboratories.This work facilitates the advancement of LVP research toward broader applications in higher-pressure regimes.展开更多
The reactive materials filled structure(RMFS)is a structural penetrator that replaces high explosive(HE)with reactive materials,presenting a novel self-distributed initiation,multiple deflagrations behavior during pen...The reactive materials filled structure(RMFS)is a structural penetrator that replaces high explosive(HE)with reactive materials,presenting a novel self-distributed initiation,multiple deflagrations behavior during penetrating multi-layered plates,and generating a multipeak overpressure behind the plates.Here analytical models of RMFS self-distributed energy release and equivalent deflagration are developed.The multipeak overpressure formation model based on the single deflagration overpressure expression was promoted.The impact tests of RMFS on multi-layered plates at 584 m/s,616 m/s,and819 m/s were performed to validate the analytical model.Further,the influence of a single overpressure peak and time intervals versus impact velocity is discussed.The analysis results indicate that the deflagration happened within 20.68 mm behind the plate,the initial impact velocity and plate thickness are the crucial factors that dominate the self-distributed multipeak overpressure effect.Three formation patterns of multipeak overpressure are proposed.展开更多
Biomedical applications necessitate natural or synthetic biomaterials that can maintain,improve,or even replace damaged tissue or a biological function,facilitating healing for people who have suffered from an injury ...Biomedical applications necessitate natural or synthetic biomaterials that can maintain,improve,or even replace damaged tissue or a biological function,facilitating healing for people who have suffered from an injury or disease.Metallic biomaterials show superior mechanical properties with greater service life than other materials.Biodegradable materials can avoid the inevitable second operation of removing the implant in the case of temporary implantation,reducing the risk of infections,medical complications,healing time,and cost.Magnesium(Mg),zinc(Zn),iron(Fe),and their alloys are potential biodegradable metallic materials.The characteristics of biodegradable metallic materials are variable and depend on many factors,such as alloying elements,microstructure,existing phases,and thermomechanical treatment.The current review emphasizes the impact of alloying element addition on the characteristics of metallic biodegradable materials,with particular attention to the relationships between alloying elements,microstructure,mechanical performance,corrosion,and biocompatibility.Mg alloys show good mechanical and corrosion properties with excellent biocompatibility.Using biocompatible alloying elements can improve Mg alloy mechanical and corrosion properties without af-fecting their biocompatibility.However,critical limitations are still maintained,like rapid degradation and gas bubble formation.Zn alloys could overcome the limitations of Mg alloys with appropriate degradation rates,ease of casting and processing,and good biocompatibility.Alloying,particularly with Mg,Li,and Cu,combined with thermomechanical treatment,can significantly affect the microstructure and mechanical performance of Zn alloys and overcome the problem of unsuitable mechanical properties.Fe alloys have excellent mechanical performance,formability,and biocompatibility with a low degradation rate.Applying surface treatment,using novel structures,alloying with the appropriate amount of alloying elements,and using advanced manufacturing techniques may present a way to solve the problems associated with biodegradable metallic materials,which could open new horizons and increase their applicability in biomedical applications.展开更多
Thermoelectric(TE)materials,being capable of converting waste heat into electricity,are pivotal for sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging TE materials,organic TE materials,particularly conjugated polymers,are ga...Thermoelectric(TE)materials,being capable of converting waste heat into electricity,are pivotal for sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging TE materials,organic TE materials,particularly conjugated polymers,are gaining prominence due to their unique combination of mechanical flexibility,environmental compatibility,and solution-processable fabrication.A notable candidate in this field is poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene)(PBTTT),a liquid-crystalline conjugated polymer,with high charge carrier mobility and adaptability to melt-processing techniques.Recent advancements have propelled PBTTT’s figure of merit from below 0.1 to a remarkable 1.28 at 368 K,showcasing its potential for practical applications.This review systematically examines strategies to enhance PBTTT’s TE performance through doping(solution,vapor,and anion exchange doping),composite engineering,and aggregation state controlling.Recent key breakthroughs include ion exchange doping for stable charge modulation,multi-heterojunction architectures reducing thermal conductivity,and proton-coupled electron transfer doping for precise Fermi-level tuning.Despite great progress,challenges still persist in enhancing TE conversion efficiency,balancing or decoupling electrical conductivity,Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity,and leveraging melt-processing scalability of PBTTT.By bridging fundamental insights with applied research,this work provides a roadmap for advancing PBTTT-based TE materials toward efficient energy harvesting and wearable electronics.展开更多
Intelligent refractory materials represent a new generation of high-temperature functional materials that significantly enhance the service performance of traditional refractories in extreme environments through integ...Intelligent refractory materials represent a new generation of high-temperature functional materials that significantly enhance the service performance of traditional refractories in extreme environments through integrated sensing,response,and adaptive mechanisms.A comprehensive overview of intelligent refractory materials was provided,focusing on their classification,preparation techniques,and industrial applications.Firstly,the categories and design principles of intelligent refractory materials are introduced,including self-healing,self-regulating,and self-diagnosing types,which enhance durability and performance under extreme conditions.Subsequently,advanced preparation technologies are discussed,such as 3D printing for complex geometries,nanocomposite engineering for improved mechanical and thermal properties,gradient design for optimized thermal stress resistance and information technology including machine learning,health monitoring,digital twin.Finally,the industrial applications of these materials are highlighted,particularly in steel metallurgy,building materials industry,and energy.It aims to bridge the gap between research advancements and practical implementation,offering insights into future trends in intelligent refractory material development.展开更多
基金Supported by Central Government Major Budget Adjustment Program(the Research on the Medicinal Properties of Brazilian Ginseng,Tonico,and Guarana,No.2060302)。
文摘It is well known that Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has two outstanding academic characteristics:the holistic concept comes from Huang Di Nei Jing,and the syndrome differentiation and treatment comes from Shang Han Lun.These two characteristics denote the two major academic systems of TCM:one is the medical system of Huang Di Nei Jing,also named syndrome differentiation and treatment system of Zang-Fu organs and meridians,focuses on theoretical exploration,which highlights functional connection and emphasizes philosophical thinking.The treatment in this system is based on physiological functions by taking Zang-Fu organs as the main body,Qi,blood,essence,and body fluid as the auxiliary body,and the meridians and collaterals as the connection channels.The other is the syndrome differentiation and treatment system of the six meridians,which emphasizes clinical practice.It encompasses the idea that the six meridians govern various diseases,emphasizes the disease sites and divisional treatment,and pays attention to the precision and appropriateness of prescription-syndrome differentiation.These two academic systems,with mutual influences and relations,are both the essence and pearl of TCM,nevertheless,there are obvious differences between the two in clinical application,so they should be distinguished.This paper will elaborate on the connection and difference between them,and how to organically combine the two systems for better application in clinical practice of TCM.
文摘In recent years, the widespread prevalence of loneliness, materialism, and Internet addiction have been widely studied. Studies have addressed either loneliness or materialism and its relationship with Internet addiction. However, to date, no study has addressed all three concepts in a single study. The purpose of this study was: 1) to investigate whether loneliness or materialism is a reliable predictor of Internet addiction and 2) what is the nature of the relationship among these variables across gender. Data were collected from a crosssectional online-survey, which consisted of US adults (N = 311). The survey consisted of 42 items related to the key constructs. Additionally, some demographic variables were also included in the survey. Loneliness was not associated with Internet addiction. On the other hand, materialism was strongly associated with Internet addiction. The aforementioned relationship was valid across gender. Between loneliness and materialism, materialism was a strong predictor of Internet addiction.
文摘In this paper, the author intends to illustrate cultural materialism behind cultural diffusion process. The author first argues that despite the two opposing paradigms of cultural views （differentialism vs. universalism） what is really happening and winning is the third paradigm of mixing cultural perspective as presented in Jan Nederveen Pieterse＇s book Globalization and culture-global Mdlange. Then the author takes Marvin Harris＇ cultural materialism theory as the basis and gives specific evidence from China to illustrate the formation and eventual spread of any ＂new cultural scripts＂, which is done through the transformation process from territorial culture to translocal culture with economic motive behind as the driving force. These Chinese cases of global mixing, in turn, form a further support to Marvin Harris＇s cultural materialism theory.
文摘Natural materialism, humanistic materialism and historical materialism are the three historical forms of materialism. The ＂material＂ in historical materialism is a social thing which is ＂perceptible and imperceptible by the senses＂ and connotes social relations; and the ＂history＂ in historical materialism is the realm in which contradictions between man and nature and between man and society are able to unfold, so historical materialism is ＂actually a critical view of the world＂ that inherently contains dialectics in a ＂rational form.＂ The formulation of historical materialism opened a new path for the development of materialism and even philosophy as a whole. In the course of its critique of capitalist society, which unfolds with capital as a core category, historical materialism sublates abstract existence and discovers real social existence, thus putting an end to metaphysics, which is grounded in abstract ontology.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.52325506)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT22LAB501)。
文摘Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with multidirectional structure during UAG is challenging,impeding the progress and improvement of the UAG process.This work examined the impact of ultrasonic vibration on the dynamic mechanical characteristics during processing.Additionally,we experimentally elucidated the material removal mechanism of CMCs during the scratching process under the influence of vertical vibration.The results indicate that the introduction of ultrasonic vibration causes a strain rate effect,resulting in a modification of the material removal mechanism,subsequently impacting the processing quality.Ultrasonic vibration increases the dynamic strength and brittleness of the fibers in CMCs,leading to more cracks at fracture,which changes from the original bending fracture to shear fracture.In addition,ultrasonic vibration can effectively inhibit the impact of scratching depth and anisotropy on the removal mechanism of CMCs,resulting in a more uniform surface of CMCs after processing.
基金Supported by the Autonomous Research Project of SKLCC(2024BWZ003)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA0390401)the Doctoral Research Start-up Funding of Shanxi Institute of Technology(026012).
文摘KIT-5/Beta composite supports were synthesized using an in situ self-assembly hydrothermal method,and NiW/KIT-5/Beta catalysts were prepared by impregnation.A series of characterization techniques were utilized to evaluate the influence of varying hydrothermal synthesis temperatures on the physicochemical properties of both the KIT-5/Beta supports and the resulting catalysts.The catalytic performances of catalysts were evaluated under reaction conditions of 320℃,4 MPa H_(2)pressure,and a weight hourly space velocity(WHSV)of 4.8 h^(-1)for hydrodenitrogenation(HDN)of quinoline.The results indicated that the specific surface area and pore structure of the materials could be effectively regulated by adjusting the hydrothermal synthesis temperature,which in turn influenced the number of active sites on the catalyst.The NiW/KB-125 catalyst,synthesized at 125℃,presented the highest quinoline HDN efficiency(96.8%),which can be attributed to its favorable pore channel structure,greater Brønsted acid number,higher degree of metal sulfidation(80.12%)and appropriate metal-support interaction(MSI).
文摘Under hydrothermal and solvothermal conditions,two novel cobalt-based complexes,{[Co_(2)(CIA)(OH)(1,4-dtb)]·3.2H_(2)O}n(HU23)and{[Co_(2)(CIA)(OH)(1,4-dib)]·3.5H2O·DMF}n(HU24),were successfully constructed by coordinatively assembling the semi-rigid multidentate ligand 5-(1-carboxyethoxy)isophthalic acid(H₃CIA)with the Nheterocyclic ligands 1,4-di(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)benzene(1,4-dtb)and 1,4-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene(1,4-dib),respectively,around Co^(2+)ions.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that in both complexes HU23 and HU24,the CIA^(3-)anions adopt aκ^(7)-coordination mode,bridging six Co^(2+)ions via their five carboxylate oxygen atoms and one ether oxygen atom.This linkage forms tetranuclear[Co4(μ3-OH)2]^(6+)units.These Co-oxo cluster units were interconnected by CIA^(3-)anions to assemble into 2D kgd-type structures featuring a 3,6-connected topology.The 2D layers were further connected by 1,4-dtb and 1,4-dib,resulting in 3D pillar-layered frameworks for HU23 and HU24.Notably,despite the similar configurations of 1,4-dtb and 1,4-dib,differences in their coordination spatial orientations lead to topological divergence in the 3D frameworks of HU23 and HU24.Topological analysis indicates that the frameworks of HU23 and HU24 can be simplified into a 3,10-connected net(point symbol:(4^(10).6^(3).8^(2))(4^(3))_(2))and a 3,8-connected tfz-d net(point symbol:(4^(3))_(2)((4^(6).6^(18).8^(4)))),respectively.This structural differentiation confirms the precise regulatory role of ligands on the topology of metal-organic frameworks.Moreover,the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra confirmed that HU23 and HU24 have strong absorption capabilities for ultraviolet and visible light.According to the Kubelka-Munk method,their bandwidths were 2.15 and 2.08 eV,respectively,which are consistent with those of typical semiconductor materials.Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements(2-300 K)revealed significant antiferromagnetic coupling in both complexes,with their effective magnetic moments decreasing markedly as the temperature lowered.CCDC:2457554,HU23;2457553,HU24.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.
基金supported by the Natural Sci-ence Foundation of Fujian Province (No.2024J011210)the High-Level Talent Start-Up Foundation of Xiamen Institute of Technology (No.YKJ23017R)。
文摘Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)have attracted great attention in aqueous batteries due to their merit of high safety.However,the constrained work potential and insufficient chemical stability of anode materials in aqueous electro-lytes hinder the large-scale application of ASIBs.Sodium titanium phosphate,NaTi_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NTP),is considered one of the most promising anode materials for ASIBs due to its excellent electrochemical performance and tunable structure.Recently,great achievements have been made in the development of NTP,however,a comprehensive review of existing studies is still lacking.This article firstly introduces the basic properties of NTP and analyzes the existing challenges.Subsequently,it will provide a comprehensive overview of the key strategies related to the design and modification of NTP materials with optimized electrochemical performance.Finally,based on the current research status and practical needs,suggestions,and future perspectives for advancing NTP in practical applications of ASIBs are presented.This review aims to guide the future research trajectory from basic material innovation to industrial applications,thus promoting the large-scale commercializa-tion of ASIBs.
文摘Historian of science Joseph Needham argued in various papers and books that the philosophy of organic materialism that informed classical Chinese science not only nurtured Chinese discoveries in areas such as magnetic studies,but also obstructed the emergence of early modern mechanical science in China.Nevertheless,the emergence of field conceptions in late modern science led him to see that Chinese organic materialism could combine with mechanical conceptions to enrich late modern science.Although much attention has been paid to Needham's historical and sociological views of Chinese science,there has been hardly any systematic focus on understanding his conception of the philosophy of Chinese science.This article explains why Chinese organic materialism not only nurtured Chinese science in the past,and hindered the emergence of modern science in China,but can also be part of a synthesis of late modern science transcending early Western science.
文摘The fundamental task of Marxist philosophical studies today is to uncover contemporary social actuality. It was Hegel who first showed a possible way to social actuality in philosophical terms via sharp critiques of subjective consciousness and its external reflection. Marx critically inherited this legacy from Hegel. His critiques not only undermined the speculative, idealist alliance of Idea and Actuality, but also thoroughly reconstructed the essential dimension of social actuality. A Kantian interpretation of Marxist philosophy on this theme presupposes a dismissal of the dimension of social actuality, which means a return to the philosophy of subjective consciousness. The latter in turn means the actual collapse of historical materialism. The path to social actuality is vital to historical materialism. It is only through this path that the truth of the theory of historical materialism can be upheld.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52305388,BE0200030)Shanghai Pujiang Program(22PJ1407600)+1 种基金SJTU Explore X programShanghai Jiao Tong University Initiative Scientific Research Program(WH220402021)。
文摘Moisture electricity generation(MEG)has emerged as a sustainable and versatile energy-harvesting technology capable of converting ubiquitous environmental moisture into electrical energy,which holds great promise for renewable energy and constructing self-powered electronics.In this review,we begin by outlining the fundamental mechanisms—ion diffusion,electric double layer formation,and streaming potential—that govern charge transport for MEG in moist environments.A comprehensive survey of material innovations follows,highlighting breakthroughs in carbon-based materials,conductive polymers,hydrogels,and bio-inspired systems that enhance MEG performance,scalability,and biocompatibility.We then explore a range of device architectures,from planar and layered systems to flexible,miniaturized,and textile-integrated designs,engineered for both energy conversion and sensor integration.Key challenges are analyzed,along with strategies for overcoming them.We conclude with a forward-looking perspective on future directions,including hybrid energy systems,AI-assisted material design,and real-world deployment.This review presents a timely and comprehensive overview of MEG technologies and their trajectory toward practical and sustainable energy solutions.
文摘Marx’s profound analysis of such social signs as commodity,money,and capital shows that inversion and negation are universal and rule-governed social signs and that social signs attain historical characteristics in certain social formations.The basic contradiction arising from human practice,i.e.,their contradictory movement of objectification and nonobjectification,is determined by the dialectical nature of practice,that is,by the relationship of negativity as a medium,and is the concrete expression of the dialectics of negativity in signs.The critique of social semiotics from the perspective of historical materialism is based on practice and reality,and points to the future;it is revolutionary and constructive.At present,the scientific construction of social semiotics can not only promote the development of semiotics,but can also be an important step in deepening historical materialism.
基金supported by the Major Project for the Integration of ScienceEducation and Industry (Grant No.2025ZDZX02)。
文摘Classical computation of electronic properties in large-scale materials remains challenging.Quantum computation has the potential to offer advantages in memory footprint and computational scaling.However,general and viable quantum algorithms for simulating large-scale materials are still limited.We propose and implement random-state quantum algorithms to calculate electronic-structure properties of real materials.Using a random state circuit on a small number of qubits,we employ real-time evolution with first-order Trotter decomposition and Hadamard test to obtain electronic density of states,and we develop a modified quantum phase estimation algorithm to calculate real-space local density of states via direct quantum measurements.Furthermore,we validate these algorithms by numerically computing the density of states and spatial distributions of electronic states in graphene,twisted bilayer graphene quasicrystals,and fractal lattices,covering system sizes from hundreds to thousands of atoms.Our results manifest that the random-state quantum algorithms provide a general and qubit-efficient route to scalable simulations of electronic properties in large-scale periodic and aperiodic materials.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1530402 and U1930401).
文摘Large-volume presses(LVPs)are widely utilized in diverse research fields—including high-pressure physics,chemistry,materials science,and Earth and planetary sciences—to investigate the physical and chemical properties of materials under extreme high-pressure and hightemperature conditions.A prerequisite for achieving reproducible property measurements is the determination and control of pressure within experimental setups.However,the lack of precise pressure calibration in LVPs hinders the broader application of such devices in ultrahigh-pressure studies.This study employs a suite of standard phase transition-based pressure markers—comprising metallic conductors,semiconductors,and minerals—through both in situ and ex situ identification approaches,to establish pressure calibration curves ranging from 0.4 to>30 GPa for various types of LVP installed at the Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research(HPSTAR),Beijing,including piston–cylinder,cubic,and multi-anvil presses.The results provide a unified and traceable pressure reference for highpressure experiments conducted at HPSTAR,while also offering technical guidance and calibration standards for other researchers utilizing similar LVP systems,thereby enabling more consistent comparison between different laboratories.This work facilitates the advancement of LVP research toward broader applications in higher-pressure regimes.
基金the support received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12302460)the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection(Grant No.YBKT24-02)。
文摘The reactive materials filled structure(RMFS)is a structural penetrator that replaces high explosive(HE)with reactive materials,presenting a novel self-distributed initiation,multiple deflagrations behavior during penetrating multi-layered plates,and generating a multipeak overpressure behind the plates.Here analytical models of RMFS self-distributed energy release and equivalent deflagration are developed.The multipeak overpressure formation model based on the single deflagration overpressure expression was promoted.The impact tests of RMFS on multi-layered plates at 584 m/s,616 m/s,and819 m/s were performed to validate the analytical model.Further,the influence of a single overpressure peak and time intervals versus impact velocity is discussed.The analysis results indicate that the deflagration happened within 20.68 mm behind the plate,the initial impact velocity and plate thickness are the crucial factors that dominate the self-distributed multipeak overpressure effect.Three formation patterns of multipeak overpressure are proposed.
文摘Biomedical applications necessitate natural or synthetic biomaterials that can maintain,improve,or even replace damaged tissue or a biological function,facilitating healing for people who have suffered from an injury or disease.Metallic biomaterials show superior mechanical properties with greater service life than other materials.Biodegradable materials can avoid the inevitable second operation of removing the implant in the case of temporary implantation,reducing the risk of infections,medical complications,healing time,and cost.Magnesium(Mg),zinc(Zn),iron(Fe),and their alloys are potential biodegradable metallic materials.The characteristics of biodegradable metallic materials are variable and depend on many factors,such as alloying elements,microstructure,existing phases,and thermomechanical treatment.The current review emphasizes the impact of alloying element addition on the characteristics of metallic biodegradable materials,with particular attention to the relationships between alloying elements,microstructure,mechanical performance,corrosion,and biocompatibility.Mg alloys show good mechanical and corrosion properties with excellent biocompatibility.Using biocompatible alloying elements can improve Mg alloy mechanical and corrosion properties without af-fecting their biocompatibility.However,critical limitations are still maintained,like rapid degradation and gas bubble formation.Zn alloys could overcome the limitations of Mg alloys with appropriate degradation rates,ease of casting and processing,and good biocompatibility.Alloying,particularly with Mg,Li,and Cu,combined with thermomechanical treatment,can significantly affect the microstructure and mechanical performance of Zn alloys and overcome the problem of unsuitable mechanical properties.Fe alloys have excellent mechanical performance,formability,and biocompatibility with a low degradation rate.Applying surface treatment,using novel structures,alloying with the appropriate amount of alloying elements,and using advanced manufacturing techniques may present a way to solve the problems associated with biodegradable metallic materials,which could open new horizons and increase their applicability in biomedical applications.
基金financial support by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515012415)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52242305)the Stable Support Project of Shenzhen(Project No.20231122125728001).
文摘Thermoelectric(TE)materials,being capable of converting waste heat into electricity,are pivotal for sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging TE materials,organic TE materials,particularly conjugated polymers,are gaining prominence due to their unique combination of mechanical flexibility,environmental compatibility,and solution-processable fabrication.A notable candidate in this field is poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene)(PBTTT),a liquid-crystalline conjugated polymer,with high charge carrier mobility and adaptability to melt-processing techniques.Recent advancements have propelled PBTTT’s figure of merit from below 0.1 to a remarkable 1.28 at 368 K,showcasing its potential for practical applications.This review systematically examines strategies to enhance PBTTT’s TE performance through doping(solution,vapor,and anion exchange doping),composite engineering,and aggregation state controlling.Recent key breakthroughs include ion exchange doping for stable charge modulation,multi-heterojunction architectures reducing thermal conductivity,and proton-coupled electron transfer doping for precise Fermi-level tuning.Despite great progress,challenges still persist in enhancing TE conversion efficiency,balancing or decoupling electrical conductivity,Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity,and leveraging melt-processing scalability of PBTTT.By bridging fundamental insights with applied research,this work provides a roadmap for advancing PBTTT-based TE materials toward efficient energy harvesting and wearable electronics.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2023-JC-QN-0615)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272027 and 52372034).
文摘Intelligent refractory materials represent a new generation of high-temperature functional materials that significantly enhance the service performance of traditional refractories in extreme environments through integrated sensing,response,and adaptive mechanisms.A comprehensive overview of intelligent refractory materials was provided,focusing on their classification,preparation techniques,and industrial applications.Firstly,the categories and design principles of intelligent refractory materials are introduced,including self-healing,self-regulating,and self-diagnosing types,which enhance durability and performance under extreme conditions.Subsequently,advanced preparation technologies are discussed,such as 3D printing for complex geometries,nanocomposite engineering for improved mechanical and thermal properties,gradient design for optimized thermal stress resistance and information technology including machine learning,health monitoring,digital twin.Finally,the industrial applications of these materials are highlighted,particularly in steel metallurgy,building materials industry,and energy.It aims to bridge the gap between research advancements and practical implementation,offering insights into future trends in intelligent refractory material development.
