AIM To determine whether three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction from conventional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is able to accurately detect a meniscal tear, and define the configuration.METHODS Thirty-three patients&...AIM To determine whether three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction from conventional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is able to accurately detect a meniscal tear, and define the configuration.METHODS Thirty-three patients' 3T MRI scan data were collected and sagittal uni-planar 3D reconstructions performed from the preoperative MRI. There were 24 meniscal tears in 24 patients, and nine controls. All patients had arthroscopic corroboration of MRI findings. Two independent observers prospectively reported on all 33 reconstructions. Meniscal tear presence or absence was noted, and tear configuration subsequently categorised as either radial, bucket-handle, parrot beak, horizontal or complex.RESULTS Identification of control menisci or meniscal tear presence was excellent(Accuracy: observer 1 = 90.9%; observer 2 = 81.8%). Of the tear configurations, bucket handle tears were accurately identified(Accuracy observer 1 and 2 = 80%). The remaining tear configurations were notaccurately discernable.CONCLUSION Uni-planar 3D reconstruction from 3T MRI knee scan sequences are useful in identifying normal menisci and menisci with bucket-handle tears. Advances in MRI sequencing and reconstruction software are awaited for accurate identification of the remaining meniscal tear configurations.展开更多
GeS_(2),a layered a wide bandgap van der Waals material,is now found to exhibit record-high refractive index and extreme optical anisotropy across blue and near-ultraviolet bands,promising bright future for short-wave...GeS_(2),a layered a wide bandgap van der Waals material,is now found to exhibit record-high refractive index and extreme optical anisotropy across blue and near-ultraviolet bands,promising bright future for short-wavelength photonics.展开更多
Spinel Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8),as a zero volumetric change material,is a promising anode for electrochemical energy storage devices.Compared with commercial graphite,Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) provides high operating potentials ...Spinel Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8),as a zero volumetric change material,is a promising anode for electrochemical energy storage devices.Compared with commercial graphite,Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) provides high operating potentials of 0.5 and 1 V,offering high safety.Compared with commercial Li4Ti5O12,Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) possesses relatively large theoretical specific capacity of 229 mA h g^(−1) and low synthesis cost.However,Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) suffers low electronic conductivity,resulting in poor electrochemical performance.A material modification process is a common strategy to overcome the issue of Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) and has been mainly focused on in previous reviews.The investigations and achievements are rarely summarized for research on subsequent processes after a material modification process,such as electrode and device designs.In this review,the designs from material to electrode and device are completely reviewed.The design schemes mainly include(1)modifying the surface,doping by heterogeneous ions,and shortening the diffusion distance of Li+ions by designing nanostructure or porous structure on the material level,(2)optimizing binder and Cu current collector and designing flexible electrode structure on the electrode level,and(3)rational construction of lithium-ion full cells and lithium-ion capacitors on the device level.It is believed that rational designs can ensure superior performance for Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8)-based energy storage and conversion devices.In addition,the work sums up theoretical studies on the basic structure and electronic properties via the first principles calculations and mechanism of capacity-rising of Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) upon cycling,which will provide much comprehensive knowledge and understanding of Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8).展开更多
文摘AIM To determine whether three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction from conventional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is able to accurately detect a meniscal tear, and define the configuration.METHODS Thirty-three patients' 3T MRI scan data were collected and sagittal uni-planar 3D reconstructions performed from the preoperative MRI. There were 24 meniscal tears in 24 patients, and nine controls. All patients had arthroscopic corroboration of MRI findings. Two independent observers prospectively reported on all 33 reconstructions. Meniscal tear presence or absence was noted, and tear configuration subsequently categorised as either radial, bucket-handle, parrot beak, horizontal or complex.RESULTS Identification of control menisci or meniscal tear presence was excellent(Accuracy: observer 1 = 90.9%; observer 2 = 81.8%). Of the tear configurations, bucket handle tears were accurately identified(Accuracy observer 1 and 2 = 80%). The remaining tear configurations were notaccurately discernable.CONCLUSION Uni-planar 3D reconstruction from 3T MRI knee scan sequences are useful in identifying normal menisci and menisci with bucket-handle tears. Advances in MRI sequencing and reconstruction software are awaited for accurate identification of the remaining meniscal tear configurations.
文摘GeS_(2),a layered a wide bandgap van der Waals material,is now found to exhibit record-high refractive index and extreme optical anisotropy across blue and near-ultraviolet bands,promising bright future for short-wavelength photonics.
基金supported by Liaoning Province Project Education Fund(LJKZ0408)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Shihua University(2018XJJ-012)Anhui Province Natural Science Foundation(2008085MB34).
文摘Spinel Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8),as a zero volumetric change material,is a promising anode for electrochemical energy storage devices.Compared with commercial graphite,Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) provides high operating potentials of 0.5 and 1 V,offering high safety.Compared with commercial Li4Ti5O12,Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) possesses relatively large theoretical specific capacity of 229 mA h g^(−1) and low synthesis cost.However,Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) suffers low electronic conductivity,resulting in poor electrochemical performance.A material modification process is a common strategy to overcome the issue of Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) and has been mainly focused on in previous reviews.The investigations and achievements are rarely summarized for research on subsequent processes after a material modification process,such as electrode and device designs.In this review,the designs from material to electrode and device are completely reviewed.The design schemes mainly include(1)modifying the surface,doping by heterogeneous ions,and shortening the diffusion distance of Li+ions by designing nanostructure or porous structure on the material level,(2)optimizing binder and Cu current collector and designing flexible electrode structure on the electrode level,and(3)rational construction of lithium-ion full cells and lithium-ion capacitors on the device level.It is believed that rational designs can ensure superior performance for Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8)-based energy storage and conversion devices.In addition,the work sums up theoretical studies on the basic structure and electronic properties via the first principles calculations and mechanism of capacity-rising of Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8) upon cycling,which will provide much comprehensive knowledge and understanding of Li_(2)ZnTi_(3)O_(8).
