In this paper, an evolutionary model of bus transport network in B-space is developed. It includes the effect of the overlapping ratio of new route on network performance and overcomes the disadvantage, i.e. lack of e...In this paper, an evolutionary model of bus transport network in B-space is developed. It includes the effect of the overlapping ratio of new route on network performance and overcomes the disadvantage, i.e. lack of economic consideration, in the evolutionary bus transport network model in P-space proposed by Chen et al （2007）. The degree distribution functions are derived by using the mean-field method and the master equation method, separately. The relationship between the new stop ratio of a route, λ, and the error in exponential of degree distribution function from the mean-field method is developed as ASlope= λ/（1 -λ） ＋ ln（1-λ）. Finally, the bus transport networks of Hangzhou and Nanjing are simulated by using this model, and the results show that some characteristic index values of the simulated networks are closer to the empirical data than those from Chen＇s model.展开更多
Gene mutations influence the folding kinetics of hepatitis delta virus （HDV） ribozyme. In this work, we study the effect of the double mutation on the folding kinetics of HDV ribozyme. By using the master equation m...Gene mutations influence the folding kinetics of hepatitis delta virus （HDV） ribozyme. In this work, we study the effect of the double mutation on the folding kinetics of HDV ribozyme. By using the master equation method combined with RNA folding free energy landscape, we predict the folding kinetics of C13A：G82U and A16U：U79A mutated HDV sequences. Their folding pathways are identified by recursively searching the states with high net flux-in（out） population starting from the native state. The results indicate that the folding kinetics of C 13A：G82U mutation sequence is bi-phasic, which is similar to the wild type （wtHDV） sequence. While the folding kinetics of A16U：U79A mutation sequence is mono-phasic, it quickly folds to the native state in 30 s. Thus, the folding kinetics of double mutated HDV ribozyme depends on the mutation sites.展开更多
We investigate the single-photon transport problem in the system of a whispering-gallery mode microresonator chirally coupled with a two-level quantum emitter[QE].Conventionally,this chiral QE-microresonator coupling ...We investigate the single-photon transport problem in the system of a whispering-gallery mode microresonator chirally coupled with a two-level quantum emitter[QE].Conventionally,this chiral QE-microresonator coupling system can be studied by the master equation and the single-photon transport methods.Here,we provide a new approach,based on the transfer matrix,to assess the single-photon transmission of such a system.Furthermore,we prove that these three methods are equivalent.The corresponding relations of parameters among these approaches are precisely deduced.The transfer matrix can be extended to a multiple-resonator system interacting with two-level QEs in a chiral way.Therefore,our work may provide a convenient and intuitive form for exploring more complex chiral cavity quantum electrodynamics systems.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 70571033)the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (Grant No 2006CB705500)
文摘In this paper, an evolutionary model of bus transport network in B-space is developed. It includes the effect of the overlapping ratio of new route on network performance and overcomes the disadvantage, i.e. lack of economic consideration, in the evolutionary bus transport network model in P-space proposed by Chen et al （2007）. The degree distribution functions are derived by using the mean-field method and the master equation method, separately. The relationship between the new stop ratio of a route, λ, and the error in exponential of degree distribution function from the mean-field method is developed as ASlope= λ/（1 -λ） ＋ ln（1-λ）. Finally, the bus transport networks of Hangzhou and Nanjing are simulated by using this model, and the results show that some characteristic index values of the simulated networks are closer to the empirical data than those from Chen＇s model.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31270761)
文摘Gene mutations influence the folding kinetics of hepatitis delta virus （HDV） ribozyme. In this work, we study the effect of the double mutation on the folding kinetics of HDV ribozyme. By using the master equation method combined with RNA folding free energy landscape, we predict the folding kinetics of C13A：G82U and A16U：U79A mutated HDV sequences. Their folding pathways are identified by recursively searching the states with high net flux-in（out） population starting from the native state. The results indicate that the folding kinetics of C 13A：G82U mutation sequence is bi-phasic, which is similar to the wild type （wtHDV） sequence. While the folding kinetics of A16U：U79A mutation sequence is mono-phasic, it quickly folds to the native state in 30 s. Thus, the folding kinetics of double mutated HDV ribozyme depends on the mutation sites.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2019YFA0308700,2017YFA0303703,and 2017YFA0303701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11874212 and 11890704)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.021314380095)the Program for Innovative Talents and Entrepreneurs in Jiangsu(No.JSSCTD202138)。
文摘We investigate the single-photon transport problem in the system of a whispering-gallery mode microresonator chirally coupled with a two-level quantum emitter[QE].Conventionally,this chiral QE-microresonator coupling system can be studied by the master equation and the single-photon transport methods.Here,we provide a new approach,based on the transfer matrix,to assess the single-photon transmission of such a system.Furthermore,we prove that these three methods are equivalent.The corresponding relations of parameters among these approaches are precisely deduced.The transfer matrix can be extended to a multiple-resonator system interacting with two-level QEs in a chiral way.Therefore,our work may provide a convenient and intuitive form for exploring more complex chiral cavity quantum electrodynamics systems.
