Introduction: Endotracheal suction plays a crucial role in the management of mechanically ventilated patients. This study aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of suction tubes with markings in mechan...Introduction: Endotracheal suction plays a crucial role in the management of mechanically ventilated patients. This study aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of suction tubes with markings in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: A randomized assignment was carried out on a cohort of 52 pediatric patients who underwent mechanical ventilation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, covering the period from January 2022 to December 2022. These patients were divided into two groups: an improved group (n = 26) utilizing marked suction tubes, and a regular group (n = 26) employing conventional suction tubes. The objective of our study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of marked suction tubes. Results: The effects of the improved group on the vital signs of children undergoing mechanical ventilation were small and statistically significant compared with the regular group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the improved group exhibited a reduced frequency of sputum suction, shorter mechanical ventilation duration, and fewer days of hospitalization in the PICU compared to the regular group during the ventilation period. Notably, the difference in the duration of PICU hospitalization was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Moreover, the incidence of adverse reactions in the improved group was notably lower, with statistically significant differences observed in airway mucous membrane damage and irritating cough when compared to the regular group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The utilization of marked suction tubes provides clinical nurses with clear guidance for performing suctioning with ease, efficiency and safety. Consequently, advocating for the widespread implementation of marked suction tubes in clinical practice is a commendable pursuit.展开更多
The initial solidification process of microalloyed steels was simulated using a confocal scanning laser microscope,and the growth behavior of austenite grain was observed in situ.The method for measuring the initial a...The initial solidification process of microalloyed steels was simulated using a confocal scanning laser microscope,and the growth behavior of austenite grain was observed in situ.The method for measuring the initial austenite grain size was studied,and the M_(0)^(*)(the parameter to describe the grain boundary migration)values at different cooling rates were then calculated using the initial austenite grain size and the final grain size.Next,a newly modified model for predicting the austenite grain size was established by introducing the relationship between M_(0)^(*)and the cooling rate,and the value calculated from the modified model closely corresponds to the measured value,with average relative error being less than 5%.Further,the relationship between T^(γ)(the starting temperature for austenite grain growth)and equivalent carbon content C_(P)(C_(P)>0.18%)was obtained by in situ observation,and it was introduced into the modified model,which expanded the application scope of the model.Taking the continuous casting slab produced by a steel plant as the experimental object,the modified austenite grain size prediction model was used to predict the austenite grain size at different depths of oscillation mark on the surface of slab,and the predicted value was in good agreement with the actual measured value.展开更多
Si片标识码在工艺加工管理中起重要作用。传统手写方式存在字体不美观、划痕深及硅渣污染等缺点。鉴于此,采用波长1060 nm光纤激光器进行激光标识码制作。研究中分别改变激光平均输出功率、脉冲频率及扫描速度,借助目视、金相显微镜及...Si片标识码在工艺加工管理中起重要作用。传统手写方式存在字体不美观、划痕深及硅渣污染等缺点。鉴于此,采用波长1060 nm光纤激光器进行激光标识码制作。研究中分别改变激光平均输出功率、脉冲频率及扫描速度,借助目视、金相显微镜及动态三维光学轮廓仪来观察标识码清晰程度、污染程度及深浅程度的变化,了解它们与上述参数间相互对应关系。重点解决清晰度与打标深度之间的矛盾,从而得到清晰、清洁且深度满足后续半导体纳米级加工工艺要求的激光标码技术。研究表明:低脉冲频率(20 k Hz)下,随平均功率上升,标识码的清晰度逐渐增加,镜检结果显示硅渣的数量及其分布区域增大;高脉冲频率(90 k Hz)下,平均功率增加对标识码清晰度的影响不明显,镜检结果没有发现硅渣。扫描频率与清晰度及污染程度成正比关系。扫描速度与打标深度呈反比关系。采用40%平均功率,25 k Hz频率,1500 mm/s扫描速度及双线填充字体(True Type)的工艺条件,所得标识码在目视及镜检下清晰美观,无硅渣污染。轮廓仪测量结果显示字迹深度及边缘凸起均在200 nm以下。经批量产品验证,根据研究成果所开发的工艺技术稳定且对后续工艺无不良影响。目前已取代手写方式。展开更多
文摘Introduction: Endotracheal suction plays a crucial role in the management of mechanically ventilated patients. This study aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of suction tubes with markings in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: A randomized assignment was carried out on a cohort of 52 pediatric patients who underwent mechanical ventilation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, covering the period from January 2022 to December 2022. These patients were divided into two groups: an improved group (n = 26) utilizing marked suction tubes, and a regular group (n = 26) employing conventional suction tubes. The objective of our study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of marked suction tubes. Results: The effects of the improved group on the vital signs of children undergoing mechanical ventilation were small and statistically significant compared with the regular group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the improved group exhibited a reduced frequency of sputum suction, shorter mechanical ventilation duration, and fewer days of hospitalization in the PICU compared to the regular group during the ventilation period. Notably, the difference in the duration of PICU hospitalization was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Moreover, the incidence of adverse reactions in the improved group was notably lower, with statistically significant differences observed in airway mucous membrane damage and irritating cough when compared to the regular group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The utilization of marked suction tubes provides clinical nurses with clear guidance for performing suctioning with ease, efficiency and safety. Consequently, advocating for the widespread implementation of marked suction tubes in clinical practice is a commendable pursuit.
基金the Joint Fund of Iron and Steel Research of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Baowu Group Corporation(Grant No.U1760103).
文摘The initial solidification process of microalloyed steels was simulated using a confocal scanning laser microscope,and the growth behavior of austenite grain was observed in situ.The method for measuring the initial austenite grain size was studied,and the M_(0)^(*)(the parameter to describe the grain boundary migration)values at different cooling rates were then calculated using the initial austenite grain size and the final grain size.Next,a newly modified model for predicting the austenite grain size was established by introducing the relationship between M_(0)^(*)and the cooling rate,and the value calculated from the modified model closely corresponds to the measured value,with average relative error being less than 5%.Further,the relationship between T^(γ)(the starting temperature for austenite grain growth)and equivalent carbon content C_(P)(C_(P)>0.18%)was obtained by in situ observation,and it was introduced into the modified model,which expanded the application scope of the model.Taking the continuous casting slab produced by a steel plant as the experimental object,the modified austenite grain size prediction model was used to predict the austenite grain size at different depths of oscillation mark on the surface of slab,and the predicted value was in good agreement with the actual measured value.
文摘Si片标识码在工艺加工管理中起重要作用。传统手写方式存在字体不美观、划痕深及硅渣污染等缺点。鉴于此,采用波长1060 nm光纤激光器进行激光标识码制作。研究中分别改变激光平均输出功率、脉冲频率及扫描速度,借助目视、金相显微镜及动态三维光学轮廓仪来观察标识码清晰程度、污染程度及深浅程度的变化,了解它们与上述参数间相互对应关系。重点解决清晰度与打标深度之间的矛盾,从而得到清晰、清洁且深度满足后续半导体纳米级加工工艺要求的激光标码技术。研究表明:低脉冲频率(20 k Hz)下,随平均功率上升,标识码的清晰度逐渐增加,镜检结果显示硅渣的数量及其分布区域增大;高脉冲频率(90 k Hz)下,平均功率增加对标识码清晰度的影响不明显,镜检结果没有发现硅渣。扫描频率与清晰度及污染程度成正比关系。扫描速度与打标深度呈反比关系。采用40%平均功率,25 k Hz频率,1500 mm/s扫描速度及双线填充字体(True Type)的工艺条件,所得标识码在目视及镜检下清晰美观,无硅渣污染。轮廓仪测量结果显示字迹深度及边缘凸起均在200 nm以下。经批量产品验证,根据研究成果所开发的工艺技术稳定且对后续工艺无不良影响。目前已取代手写方式。
