This study investigated the biodegradability of fresh leachate from a young municipal solid waste landfill at the inoculum to substrate ratios(V/V)of 10/100,25/100,50/100 and 100/100,as well as the transformation of o...This study investigated the biodegradability of fresh leachate from a young municipal solid waste landfill at the inoculum to substrate ratios(V/V)of 10/100,25/100,50/100 and 100/100,as well as the transformation of organic matters in leachate under prolonged hydraulic retention time(HRT)of 50 d.Fresh leachate showed a good biodegradability,with chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal efficiency as high as 87%-92%and cumulative methane yield close to theoretical value(0.35 L CH4/g CODdeg).Methane production and COD depletion presented biphasic characteristics associated with the successive utilization of two major intermediates,acetate and propionate,The biphasic degradation of fresh leachate was resulted from the different hydrolysis rates of diverse substrates and the changes in microorganism community structure.After 50 d,the effluents were dominated by high-MW organic compounds(MW〉10 kDa)at each inoculum ratio,which might be refractory compounds released from cell lyses.展开更多
Oncolytic viruses(OVs)represent a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy,as they selectively infect and lyse tumor cells while simultaneously triggering robust antitumor immune responses.By inducing immunogenic ce...Oncolytic viruses(OVs)represent a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy,as they selectively infect and lyse tumor cells while simultaneously triggering robust antitumor immune responses.By inducing immunogenic cell death,OVs enhance tumor antigen presentation and initiate a systemic immune response,effectively transforming the tumor microenvironment from an immune-suppressive state to an immune-permissive state.In addition to exerting direct oncolytic effects,OVs modulate key tumorassociated biological processes,including tumor angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling,disrupting tumor progression and metastasis.Notably,recent advances have highlighted the therapeutic potential of combining OVs with conventional and emerging cancer treatments,such as chemotherapy,radiotherapy,immune checkpoint inhibitors,adoptive cell therapy,and epigenetic-targeted drugs.These combination strategies demonstrate synergistic effects by improving tumor selectivity,increasing antitumor immunity,and overcoming treatment resistance.Nevertheless,persistent challenges,such as viral dissemination dynamics,therapy resistance,and regulatory complexities,impede the broad clinical implementation of oncolytic virus therapy(OVT).In this Review,we illustrate recent advancements and innovative therapeutic strategies in OVT within the context of contemporary cancer treatment paradigms.First,we outline the historical evolution and key milestones in OVT development.We then discuss the classification of OVs and their multimodal mechanisms that target tumorigenesis,metastasis,disease recurrence,and therapy resistance.Finally,we evaluate the clinical research progress of OVT applications,focusing on their integration with other therapies,analyze the translational barriers hindering clinical implementation,and propose evidence-based future directions for optimizing cancer treatment.展开更多
A lysing-bacterium DC10,isolated from Dianchi Lake of Yunnan Province,was characterized to be Pseudomonas sp.It was able to lyse some algae well,such as Microcystis viridis,Selenastrum capricornutum,and so on.In this ...A lysing-bacterium DC10,isolated from Dianchi Lake of Yunnan Province,was characterized to be Pseudomonas sp.It was able to lyse some algae well,such as Microcystis viridis,Selenastrum capricornutum,and so on.In this study,it was shown that the bacterium lysed the algae by releasing a substance;the best lytic effects were achieved at low tempera-tures and in the dark.Different concentrations of CaCl2 and NaNO3 influenced the lytic effects;the ability to lyse algae decreased in the following order:pH 4>pH 9>pH 7>pH 5.5.It was significant to develop a special technology with this kind of bacterium for controlling the bloom-forming planktonic microalgae.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50538080)the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program(863)of China(No.2008AA062101)
文摘This study investigated the biodegradability of fresh leachate from a young municipal solid waste landfill at the inoculum to substrate ratios(V/V)of 10/100,25/100,50/100 and 100/100,as well as the transformation of organic matters in leachate under prolonged hydraulic retention time(HRT)of 50 d.Fresh leachate showed a good biodegradability,with chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal efficiency as high as 87%-92%and cumulative methane yield close to theoretical value(0.35 L CH4/g CODdeg).Methane production and COD depletion presented biphasic characteristics associated with the successive utilization of two major intermediates,acetate and propionate,The biphasic degradation of fresh leachate was resulted from the different hydrolysis rates of diverse substrates and the changes in microorganism community structure.After 50 d,the effluents were dominated by high-MW organic compounds(MW〉10 kDa)at each inoculum ratio,which might be refractory compounds released from cell lyses.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(2019YFA0903800)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(81971903)the China University Industry-Academia-Research Innovation Fund-Mindray Testing Special Project(2024MR037).
文摘Oncolytic viruses(OVs)represent a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy,as they selectively infect and lyse tumor cells while simultaneously triggering robust antitumor immune responses.By inducing immunogenic cell death,OVs enhance tumor antigen presentation and initiate a systemic immune response,effectively transforming the tumor microenvironment from an immune-suppressive state to an immune-permissive state.In addition to exerting direct oncolytic effects,OVs modulate key tumorassociated biological processes,including tumor angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling,disrupting tumor progression and metastasis.Notably,recent advances have highlighted the therapeutic potential of combining OVs with conventional and emerging cancer treatments,such as chemotherapy,radiotherapy,immune checkpoint inhibitors,adoptive cell therapy,and epigenetic-targeted drugs.These combination strategies demonstrate synergistic effects by improving tumor selectivity,increasing antitumor immunity,and overcoming treatment resistance.Nevertheless,persistent challenges,such as viral dissemination dynamics,therapy resistance,and regulatory complexities,impede the broad clinical implementation of oncolytic virus therapy(OVT).In this Review,we illustrate recent advancements and innovative therapeutic strategies in OVT within the context of contemporary cancer treatment paradigms.First,we outline the historical evolution and key milestones in OVT development.We then discuss the classification of OVs and their multimodal mechanisms that target tumorigenesis,metastasis,disease recurrence,and therapy resistance.Finally,we evaluate the clinical research progress of OVT applications,focusing on their integration with other therapies,analyze the translational barriers hindering clinical implementation,and propose evidence-based future directions for optimizing cancer treatment.
基金This work was supported by the State 973 Project(2002CB412300 and 2003CB716801)the 863 Project(2002AA601021).
文摘A lysing-bacterium DC10,isolated from Dianchi Lake of Yunnan Province,was characterized to be Pseudomonas sp.It was able to lyse some algae well,such as Microcystis viridis,Selenastrum capricornutum,and so on.In this study,it was shown that the bacterium lysed the algae by releasing a substance;the best lytic effects were achieved at low tempera-tures and in the dark.Different concentrations of CaCl2 and NaNO3 influenced the lytic effects;the ability to lyse algae decreased in the following order:pH 4>pH 9>pH 7>pH 5.5.It was significant to develop a special technology with this kind of bacterium for controlling the bloom-forming planktonic microalgae.
