Blockchain offers a promising solution to the security challenges faced by the Internet of Vehicles(IoV).However,due to the dynamic connectivity of IoV,blockchain based on a single-chain structure or Directed Acyclic ...Blockchain offers a promising solution to the security challenges faced by the Internet of Vehicles(IoV).However,due to the dynamic connectivity of IoV,blockchain based on a single-chain structure or Directed Acyclic Graph(DAG)structure often suffer from performance limitations.The DAG lattice structure is a novel blockchain model in which each node maintains its own account chain,and only the node itself is allowed to update it.This feature makes the DAG lattice structure particularly suitable for addressing the challenges in dynamically connected IoV environment.In this paper,we propose a blockchain architecture based on the DAG lattice structure,specifically designed for dynamically connected IoV.In the proposed system,nodes must obtain authorization from a trusted authority before joining,forming a permissioned blockchain.Each node is assigned an individual account chain,allowing vehicles with limited storage capacity to participate in the blockchain by storing transactions only from nearby vehicles’account chains.Every transmitted message is treated as a transaction and added to the blockchain,enablingmore efficient data transmission in a dynamic network environment.Areputation-based incentivemechanism is introduced to encourage nodes to behave normally.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed architecture achieves better performance compared with traditional single-chain and DAG-based approaches in terms of average transmission delay and storage cost.展开更多
Objective To improve the system of accelerated review and approval,and to speed up the development and marketing of repurposing drugs for rare diseases in China.Methods The relevant concepts of rare diseases and the d...Objective To improve the system of accelerated review and approval,and to speed up the development and marketing of repurposing drugs for rare diseases in China.Methods The relevant concepts of rare diseases and the definition of drug repurposing were introduced so as to sort out the advantages and disadvantages of the research and development of drug repurposing for rare diseases.Then,the incentive mechanisms of the research and development of drug repurposing for rare diseases in China and abroad were compared.Results and Conclusion Some suggestions on improving the incentive mechanism of repurposing drugs for rare diseases such as policy support for talents introduction,capital investment,and innovation capabilities are proposed.Besides,the government should further improve policies for the research and development of repurposing drugs for rare diseases,which can gradually narrow the gap between the research and innovation of drug repurposing in developed countries,thus benefiting the patients of rare diseases.展开更多
As the information sensing and processing capabilities of IoT devices increase,a large amount of data is being generated at the edge of Industrial IoT(IIoT),which has become a strong foundation for distributed Artific...As the information sensing and processing capabilities of IoT devices increase,a large amount of data is being generated at the edge of Industrial IoT(IIoT),which has become a strong foundation for distributed Artificial Intelligence(AI)applications.However,most users are reluctant to disclose their data due to network bandwidth limitations,device energy consumption,and privacy requirements.To address this issue,this paper introduces an Edge-assisted Federated Learning(EFL)framework,along with an incentive mechanism for lightweight industrial data sharing.In order to reduce the information asymmetry between data owners and users,an EFL model-sharing incentive mechanism based on contract theory is designed.In addition,a weight dispersion evaluation scheme based on Wasserstein distance is proposed.This study models an optimization problem of node selection and sharing incentives to maximize the EFL model consumers'profit and ensure the quality of training services.An incentive-based EFL algorithm with individual rationality and incentive compatibility constraints is proposed.Finally,the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of positive incentives for contract design and performance analysis of EFL systems.展开更多
This article explores the construction and optimization of incentive mechanisms in higher education management.It analyzes the current status of incentive mechanisms for teachers and students,pointing out existing pro...This article explores the construction and optimization of incentive mechanisms in higher education management.It analyzes the current status of incentive mechanisms for teachers and students,pointing out existing problems.The incentive mechanism is constructed from multiple dimensions such as salary and career development,and optimized through the establishment of a scientific assessment and evaluation system,strengthening information construction,and creating a good cultural atmosphere.The aim is to improve the quality of higher education and cultivate outstanding talents.展开更多
With the rapid development of medical data sharing,issues of privacy and ownership have become prominent,which have limited the scale of data sharing.To address the above challenges,we propose a blockchainbased data-s...With the rapid development of medical data sharing,issues of privacy and ownership have become prominent,which have limited the scale of data sharing.To address the above challenges,we propose a blockchainbased data-sharing framework to ensure data security and encourage data owners to actively participate in sharing.We introduce a reliable attribute-based searchable encryption scheme that enables fine-grained access control of encrypted data and ensures secure and efficient data sharing.The revenue distribution model is constructed based on Shapley value to motivate participants.Additionally,by integrating the smart contract technology of blockchain,the search operation and incentive mechanism are automatically executed.Through revenue distribution analysis,the incentive effect and rationality of the proposed scheme are verified.Performance evaluation shows that,compared with traditional data-sharing models,our proposed framework not only meets data security requirements but also incentivizes more participants to actively participate in data sharing.展开更多
Overviewing the air pollution situation in Hong Kong,energy generation and transportation are part of the contribution to the carbon emissions.Electric vehicles do not have engines and no air pollutants emissions.The ...Overviewing the air pollution situation in Hong Kong,energy generation and transportation are part of the contribution to the carbon emissions.Electric vehicles do not have engines and no air pollutants emissions.The promotion of electric vehicles serves as an important strategy to Hong Kong's goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.This paper illustrated the financial incentives the Hong Kong Government has launched,including First Registration Tax concessions,profits tax deduction,One-for-One Scheme,lower license fee,subsidy support for e-buses and e-taxis,free charging services at government car parks,EV-charging at home Subsidy Scheme,etc.By comparing the cost of purchasing and owning vehicles with the cost of purchasing and owning electric vehicles as well as the market performance of electric vehicles to examine whether the financial incentives in Hong Kong can promote electric vehicles and serve as a prerequisite to low carbon transition.The results show that under government support and promotion associated with preferential policy,electric vehicles will become the future trend in Hong Kong with the advantage of lower emissions,energy saving,and environmental protection.展开更多
This essay evaluates the behavioural dynamics generated by profit incentives and compares them with those in government-owned and charitable enterprises.Drawing on neoclassical microeconomics,agency theory,and institu...This essay evaluates the behavioural dynamics generated by profit incentives and compares them with those in government-owned and charitable enterprises.Drawing on neoclassical microeconomics,agency theory,and institutional economics,it shows how the profit motive drives cost minimization,allocative efficiency,innovation,and consumer responsiveness.Profit expectations,formalized in endogenous growth models,act as catalysts for technological progress and dynamic efficiency,while agency-theoretic governance mechanisms align managerial incentives with shareholder interests.In contrast,government-owned enterprises operate under multi-objective welfare functions,often constrained by soft budget expectations,political interference,and X-inefficiencies that dilute efficiency.Charitable organizations,structured by the non-distribution constraint,emphasize social trust,equity,and mission fulfilment,supported by warm-glow altruism but constrained by free-rider problems and underfunding.A comparative evaluation suggests that profit-driven firms outperform in competitive markets producing private goods,whereas government and charitable forms play essential roles in addressing market failures and providing public or credence goods.The analysis affirms the institutionalist principle that ownership and governance structures must be aligned with the nature of the goods or services delivered.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery frequently encounter challenges in their self-care abilities,disease knowledge,and emotional well-being postoperatively.Effective nursing interventions are critical...BACKGROUND Patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery frequently encounter challenges in their self-care abilities,disease knowledge,and emotional well-being postoperatively.Effective nursing interventions are critical for improving the quality of life and minimizing complications.This study explored the clinical implications of integrating health education guided by problem management with positive incentive nursing to address these challenges.AIM To evaluate the effect of this combined nursing model on postoperative self-care ability,disease knowledge,mood state,and complication rates in patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery.METHODS Eighty patients who underwent rectal cancer surgery between October 2021 and August 2024 were allocated into reference(routine care)and experimental(problem management-guided health education combined with positive incentive nursing)groups.The outcomes included exercise of self-care agency scale,disease knowledge(hospital-specific questionnaire),mood state(profile of mood states),and complication rates.RESULTS The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in self-care ability(P<0.05),with higher scores for health knowledge,self-concept,self-care skills,and self-care responsibility than the reference group.Disease knowledge scores also improved markedly in the experimental group(P<0.05).Mood state scores showed a significant decrease in the negative dimensions(e.g.,anxiety and depression)and an increase in energy vitality(P<0.05).Additionally,the experimental group exhibited a lower complication rate than the reference group(7.5%vs 27.5%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION The integration of problem management-guided health education with positive incentive nursing significantly enhanced postoperative self-care abilities,disease knowledge,and emotional well-being while reducing complication rates.This model demonstrated potential for widespread adoption in clinical practice by offering a structured approach to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect of implementing a time-sensitive incentive model combined with specialized rehabilitation nursing in patients with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure.Methods:Seventy-eight patient...Objective:To explore the effect of implementing a time-sensitive incentive model combined with specialized rehabilitation nursing in patients with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure.Methods:Seventy-eight patients with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure admitted from January 2024 to February 2025 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using a computer-based random drawing method.The control group(39 patients)received routine nursing,while the observation group(39 patients)received a time-sensitive incentive model combined with specialized rehabilitation nursing.Lung function and adverse emotional states were compared between the two groups.Results:After 2 weeks of nursing,the lung function of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the adverse emotional states of the observation group were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Implementing a time-sensitive incentive model combined with specialized rehabilitation nursing in patients with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure can improve lung function and emotional state.展开更多
Investigations into the long-term creep behavior of Beishan granite in uniaxial compression were conducted.Four levels of axial stress(60,70,87,and 95 MPa)were applied to rock specimens.Contrasting with earlier resear...Investigations into the long-term creep behavior of Beishan granite in uniaxial compression were conducted.Four levels of axial stress(60,70,87,and 95 MPa)were applied to rock specimens.Contrasting with earlier research,the long-term creep data in this work present a substantial advancement in the time dimension.Except for the sample subjected to 60 MPa axial loading,which did not fail after a loading duration of 1650 d,the specimens under the other three stresses all failed after sustained constant loading durations of 1204,1023,and 839 d,respectively.A lower envelope of driving stress-ratio for crystalline rocks was obtained,tending towards approximately 0.45 over an infinite time scale.According to the experimental results,as axial stress increases,both the axial strain accumulated in the transient creep process and the strain rate associated with steady-state creep deformation increase exponentially;however,the share of steady-state creep strain remains nearly constant at about82.53%.A novel damage-based creep model was put forward.It provides an enhanced depiction of the comprehensive creep process in rocks,notably improving the accuracy in forecasting the accelerated creep phase,which significantly impacts the long-term stability of engineering structures.展开更多
While oceanic and coastal acidification has gained increased attention,long-term pH trends and their drivers in large freshwater systems remain poorly understood.The Laurentian Great Lakes are the world’s largest fre...While oceanic and coastal acidification has gained increased attention,long-term pH trends and their drivers in large freshwater systems remain poorly understood.The Laurentian Great Lakes are the world’s largest freshwater system,and in many ways resemble marine ecosystems.However,unlike the open ocean and coastal waters where pH has declined due to rising atmospheric CO_(2),no significant pH trends have been observed in the Laurentian Great Lakes,despite significant ecosystem changes driven partly by the invasion of dreissenid mussels.This study examined 41 years of field observations from Lake Michigan to investigate the long-term carbonate chemistry dynamics.Observational results revealed substantial declines in both total alkalinity(TA)and dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC)over the four decades.Mussel shell calcification emerged as the primary mechanism behind these declines,accounting for 97%and 47%of the observed changes in TA and DIC,respectively,lowering water column pH by 0.24 units.Elevated carbon accumulation in soft mussel tissues,coupled with long-term changes in the air-water pCO_(2)gradient during summer,significantly contributed to long-term DIC variations,explaining 18%and 28%of the lake-wide DIC loss.These two mechanisms also resulted in an overall pH increase of 0.09 and 0.12 units,largely offsetting the calcification-driven pH decrease.These findings bridge a gap in acidification research for large freshwater systems and provide valuable insights for comprehensive lake-wide management strategies.展开更多
Micron-sized graphene sheets have been introduced as additives to enhance the lubricating capabilities of water.The tribological characteristics of the lubricants after preparation and storage for 6 months were system...Micron-sized graphene sheets have been introduced as additives to enhance the lubricating capabilities of water.The tribological characteristics of the lubricants after preparation and storage for 6 months were systematically analyzed.Results indicated that the friction coefficient and wear volume of the tribo-pair were reduced through the incorporation of a certain concentration of graphene sheets,and also have long-term storage stability.Notably,under the experimental conditions,a 0.2%mass concentration of graphene in the aqueous lubricant exhibited exceptional tribological performance and long-term storage stability,achieving an 80%reduction in friction coefficient and a 78%decrease in wear volume with a 14000-cycle friction test.Wear morphology analysis indicated that after adding graphene sheets to the aqueous solution,micro-plastic deformation occurs on the worn surface of the steel plate.The wear profile of the GCr15 counter ball changes from a circular profile to a rectangular-like profile.The main reason is that the graphene sheets in the aqueous solution can enter the contact interface during the friction process,hindering direct contact between the friction pair.The study prov-ides a simple method to improve the tribological properties of aqueous solutions stably for engineering applica-tions.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the long-term prognosis and postoperative cosmetic outcomes of breast-conserving surgery combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with early-stage breast cancer,providing a referen...Objective:To investigate the long-term prognosis and postoperative cosmetic outcomes of breast-conserving surgery combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with early-stage breast cancer,providing a reference for the selection of clinical treatment plans.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 68 patients with early-stage breast cancer admitted from January 2022 to December 2025.Based on the surgical approach,patients were divided into an observation group(breast-conserving surgery+sentinel lymph node biopsy)and a control group(other surgical methods such as modified radical mastectomy/total mastectomy).Clinical and pathological characteristics,incidence of postoperative complications,follow-up prognosis,and satisfaction with cosmetic outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results:Among the 68 patients,41 were in the observation group and 27 in the control group.The average age of patients in the observation group was(54.32±8.15)years,while that in the control group was(62.45±9.76)years.The average tumor size in the observation group was(1.86±0.72)cm,compared to(3.21±1.45)cm in the control group.The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was 9.76%,significantly lower than that in the control group at 33.33%(P<0.05).The 6-month disease-free survival rate was 95.12%in the observation group and 88.89%in the control group,with no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).The excellent and good rate of cosmetic outcomes in the observation group was 87.80%,significantly higher than that in the control group at 29.63%(P<0.05).Conclusion:Breast-conserving surgery combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy for early-stage breast cancer can achieve long-term prognostic outcomes comparable to those of traditional radical surgery,with the advantages of fewer postoperative complications and superior cosmetic results.This approach is worthy of clinical promotion and application,particularly for early-stage breast cancer patients who have a demand for preserving breast morphology.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the long-term outcomes in acute primary angle closure(APAC)patients treated with lens extraction(LE)surgery and to identify risk factors for glaucomatous optic neuropathy(GON).METHODS:In this longit...AIM:To investigate the long-term outcomes in acute primary angle closure(APAC)patients treated with lens extraction(LE)surgery and to identify risk factors for glaucomatous optic neuropathy(GON).METHODS:In this longitudinal observational study,detailed medical histories of APAC patients and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations at final followup were collected.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of blindness.Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to determine risk factors associated with visual outcomes.RESULTS:This study included 39 affected eyes of 31 subjects(26 females)with an average age of 74.1±8.0y.At 6.7±4.2y after APAC attack,2(5.7%)eyes had bestcorrected visual acuity(VA)worse than 3/60.Advanced glaucomatous visual field loss was observed in 15(39.5%)affected eyes and 5(25.0%)fellow eyes.Nine affected eyes(23.7%)had GON,and 11(28.9%)were blind.Six(15.4%)affected eyes and 2(9.1%)fellow eyes had suspicious progression.A significantly higher blindness rate in factory workers compared to office workers.Logistic regression identified that worse VA at attack(OR 10.568,95%CI 1.288-86.695;P=0.028)and worse early postoperative VA(OR 13.214,95%CI 1.157-150.881;P=0.038)were risk factors for blindness.Multivariate regression showed that longer duration of elevated intraocular pressure(P=0.004)and worse early postoperative VA(P=0.009)were associated with worse visual outcomes.CONCLUSION:Despite LE surgery,some APAC patients experience continued visual function deterioration.Lifelong monitoring is necessary.Target pressure and progression rates should be re-evaluated during follow-up.展开更多
Long-term manure application has the potential to alleviate soil acidification, and increase carbon sequestration and nutrient availability, thus improving cropland fertility. However, the mechanisms behind greenhouse...Long-term manure application has the potential to alleviate soil acidification, and increase carbon sequestration and nutrient availability, thus improving cropland fertility. However, the mechanisms behind greenhouse gas N_(2)O emissions from acidic soil mediated by long-term manure application remain poorly understood. Herein, we investigated N_(2)O emission and its linkage with gross N mineralization and nitrification rates, as well as nitrifying and denitrifying microbes in an acidic upland soil subjected to 36-year fertilization treatments, including an unfertilized control(CK), inorganic fertilizer(F), 2× rate of inorganic fertilizer(2F), manure(M), and the combination of inorganic fertilizer and manure(FM) treatments. Compared to the CK treatment(1.34 μg N kg^(-1) d^(-1)), fertilization strongly increased N_(2)O emissions by 34-fold on average, with more pronounced increases in the manure-amendment(10.6-169 μg N kg^(-1) d^(-1)) than those in the inorganic fertilizer treatments(3.26-5.51 μg N kg^(-1) d^(-1)). The manure amendment-stimulated N_(2)O emissions were highly associated with increased soil pH, mean weight diameter of soil aggregates, substrate availability(e.g., particulate organic carbon, NO_(3)^(-)and available phosphorus), gross N mineralization rates, denitrifier abundances and the(nirK+nirS)/nosZ ratio. These findings suggest that the increased N_(2)O emissions primarily resulted from alleviated acidification, increased substrate availability and improved soil structure, thus enhancing microbial N mineralization and favoring N_(2)O^(-)producing denitrifiers over N_(2)O consumers. Moreover, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) rather than ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) positively correlated with soil NO_(3)^(-)concentration and N_(2)O emissions, indicating that nitrification indirectly contributed to N_(2)O production by supplying NO_(3)^(-)for denitrification. Collectively, manure amendment potentially stimulates N_(2)O emissions, primarily resulting from alleviated soil acidification and increased substrate availability, thus enhancing N mineralization and denitrifier-mediated N_(2)O production. Our findings suggest that consideration should be given to the greenhouse gas budgets of agricultural ecosystems when applying manure for managing the pH and fertility of acidic soils.展开更多
Long-term traffic flow prediction is a crucial component of intelligent transportation systems within intelligent networks,requiring predictive models that balance accuracy with low-latency and lightweight computation...Long-term traffic flow prediction is a crucial component of intelligent transportation systems within intelligent networks,requiring predictive models that balance accuracy with low-latency and lightweight computation to optimize trafficmanagement and enhance urban mobility and sustainability.However,traditional predictivemodels struggle to capture long-term temporal dependencies and are computationally intensive,limiting their practicality in real-time.Moreover,many approaches overlook the periodic characteristics inherent in traffic data,further impacting performance.To address these challenges,we introduce ST-MambaGCN,a State-Space-Based Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolution Network.Unlike conventionalmodels,ST-MambaGCN replaces the temporal attention layer withMamba,a state-space model that efficiently captures long-term dependencies with near-linear computational complexity.The model combines Chebyshev polynomial-based graph convolutional networks(GCN)to explore spatial correlations.Additionally,we incorporate a multi-temporal feature capture mechanism,where the final integrated features are generated through the Hadamard product based on learnable parameters.This mechanism explicitly models shortterm,daily,and weekly traffic patterns to enhance the network’s awareness of traffic periodicity.Extensive experiments on the PeMS04 and PeMS08 datasets demonstrate that ST-MambaGCN significantly outperforms existing benchmarks,offering substantial improvements in both prediction accuracy and computational efficiency for long-term traffic flow prediction.展开更多
Waterborne acrylic coatings are widely utilized due to their cost-effectiveness,high transparency,strong resistance to weather and chemicals,impressive mechanical properties,and excellent adhesion to various substrate...Waterborne acrylic coatings are widely utilized due to their cost-effectiveness,high transparency,strong resistance to weather and chemicals,impressive mechanical properties,and excellent adhesion to various substrates.In these coatings,a reactive emulsifier containing phosphate groups can be integrated into the molecular chain during polymerization,which enhances the coating's compactness and corrosion resistance.This work focuses on the synthesis of styrene-butyl acrylate(St-BA)latex and methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate(MMA-BA)latex using the reactive phosphate emulsifier ANPEO_(10)-P_(1) through seed emulsion polymerization,achieving a conversion rate of approximately 99%and a solid content close to 50%.The resulting coatings from St-BA and MMA-BA latexes demonstrated long-term corrosion protection for carbon steel and aluminum alloy due to in-situ phosphatization,effectively preventing flash rust.Notably,the MMA-BA coating exhibited remarkable durability,enduring immersion for up to 1224 h(51 d)on Q 235 carbon steel before reaching the failure threshold(|Z|0.01 Hz£106Ω·cm^(2))on Q 235 carbon steel.On 5052 aluminum alloy,the St-BA coating maintained|Z|0.01 Hz>10^(8)Ω·cm^(2) for 480 h(20 d).Furthermore,the corrosion resistance of St-BA and MMA BA coatings on Q 235 steel sheet and 5052 aluminum alloy surpassed that of commercially available MMA-BA and St BA coatings after immersion in a 3.5 wt%NaCl aqueous solution.This work also delves into the anticorrosion mechanism of MMA-BA and St-BA coatings.展开更多
In order to solve principal-agent problems caused by interest inconformity and information asymmetry during information security outsourcing, it is necessary to design a reasonable incentive mechanism to promote clien...In order to solve principal-agent problems caused by interest inconformity and information asymmetry during information security outsourcing, it is necessary to design a reasonable incentive mechanism to promote client enterprises to complete outsourcing service actively. The incentive mechanism model of information security outsourcing is designed based on the principal-agent theory. Through analyzing the factors such as enterprise information assets value, invasion probability, information security environment, the agent cost coefficient and agency risk preference degree how to impact on the incentive mechanism, conclusions show that an enterprise information assets value and invasion probability have a positive influence on the fixed fee and the compensation coefficient; while information security environment, the agent cost coefficient and agency risk preference degree have a negative influence on the compensation coefficient. Therefore, the principal enterprises should reasonably design the fixed fee and the compensation coefficient to encourage information security outsourcing agency enterprises to the full extent.展开更多
基金funded in part by the Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China under Grants 2024QN06022 and 2023QN06008in part by the First-Class Discipline Research Special Project under Grant YLXKZX-NGD-015in part by the Inner Mongolia University of Technology Scientific Research Start-Up Project under Grant BS2024067.
文摘Blockchain offers a promising solution to the security challenges faced by the Internet of Vehicles(IoV).However,due to the dynamic connectivity of IoV,blockchain based on a single-chain structure or Directed Acyclic Graph(DAG)structure often suffer from performance limitations.The DAG lattice structure is a novel blockchain model in which each node maintains its own account chain,and only the node itself is allowed to update it.This feature makes the DAG lattice structure particularly suitable for addressing the challenges in dynamically connected IoV environment.In this paper,we propose a blockchain architecture based on the DAG lattice structure,specifically designed for dynamically connected IoV.In the proposed system,nodes must obtain authorization from a trusted authority before joining,forming a permissioned blockchain.Each node is assigned an individual account chain,allowing vehicles with limited storage capacity to participate in the blockchain by storing transactions only from nearby vehicles’account chains.Every transmitted message is treated as a transaction and added to the blockchain,enablingmore efficient data transmission in a dynamic network environment.Areputation-based incentivemechanism is introduced to encourage nodes to behave normally.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed architecture achieves better performance compared with traditional single-chain and DAG-based approaches in terms of average transmission delay and storage cost.
文摘Objective To improve the system of accelerated review and approval,and to speed up the development and marketing of repurposing drugs for rare diseases in China.Methods The relevant concepts of rare diseases and the definition of drug repurposing were introduced so as to sort out the advantages and disadvantages of the research and development of drug repurposing for rare diseases.Then,the incentive mechanisms of the research and development of drug repurposing for rare diseases in China and abroad were compared.Results and Conclusion Some suggestions on improving the incentive mechanism of repurposing drugs for rare diseases such as policy support for talents introduction,capital investment,and innovation capabilities are proposed.Besides,the government should further improve policies for the research and development of repurposing drugs for rare diseases,which can gradually narrow the gap between the research and innovation of drug repurposing in developed countries,thus benefiting the patients of rare diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.62071070)Major science and technology special project of Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province (202002AB080001-8)BUPT innovation&entrepreneurship support program (2023-YC-T031)。
文摘As the information sensing and processing capabilities of IoT devices increase,a large amount of data is being generated at the edge of Industrial IoT(IIoT),which has become a strong foundation for distributed Artificial Intelligence(AI)applications.However,most users are reluctant to disclose their data due to network bandwidth limitations,device energy consumption,and privacy requirements.To address this issue,this paper introduces an Edge-assisted Federated Learning(EFL)framework,along with an incentive mechanism for lightweight industrial data sharing.In order to reduce the information asymmetry between data owners and users,an EFL model-sharing incentive mechanism based on contract theory is designed.In addition,a weight dispersion evaluation scheme based on Wasserstein distance is proposed.This study models an optimization problem of node selection and sharing incentives to maximize the EFL model consumers'profit and ensure the quality of training services.An incentive-based EFL algorithm with individual rationality and incentive compatibility constraints is proposed.Finally,the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of positive incentives for contract design and performance analysis of EFL systems.
文摘This article explores the construction and optimization of incentive mechanisms in higher education management.It analyzes the current status of incentive mechanisms for teachers and students,pointing out existing problems.The incentive mechanism is constructed from multiple dimensions such as salary and career development,and optimized through the establishment of a scientific assessment and evaluation system,strengthening information construction,and creating a good cultural atmosphere.The aim is to improve the quality of higher education and cultivate outstanding talents.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(F2021201052).
文摘With the rapid development of medical data sharing,issues of privacy and ownership have become prominent,which have limited the scale of data sharing.To address the above challenges,we propose a blockchainbased data-sharing framework to ensure data security and encourage data owners to actively participate in sharing.We introduce a reliable attribute-based searchable encryption scheme that enables fine-grained access control of encrypted data and ensures secure and efficient data sharing.The revenue distribution model is constructed based on Shapley value to motivate participants.Additionally,by integrating the smart contract technology of blockchain,the search operation and incentive mechanism are automatically executed.Through revenue distribution analysis,the incentive effect and rationality of the proposed scheme are verified.Performance evaluation shows that,compared with traditional data-sharing models,our proposed framework not only meets data security requirements but also incentivizes more participants to actively participate in data sharing.
文摘Overviewing the air pollution situation in Hong Kong,energy generation and transportation are part of the contribution to the carbon emissions.Electric vehicles do not have engines and no air pollutants emissions.The promotion of electric vehicles serves as an important strategy to Hong Kong's goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.This paper illustrated the financial incentives the Hong Kong Government has launched,including First Registration Tax concessions,profits tax deduction,One-for-One Scheme,lower license fee,subsidy support for e-buses and e-taxis,free charging services at government car parks,EV-charging at home Subsidy Scheme,etc.By comparing the cost of purchasing and owning vehicles with the cost of purchasing and owning electric vehicles as well as the market performance of electric vehicles to examine whether the financial incentives in Hong Kong can promote electric vehicles and serve as a prerequisite to low carbon transition.The results show that under government support and promotion associated with preferential policy,electric vehicles will become the future trend in Hong Kong with the advantage of lower emissions,energy saving,and environmental protection.
文摘This essay evaluates the behavioural dynamics generated by profit incentives and compares them with those in government-owned and charitable enterprises.Drawing on neoclassical microeconomics,agency theory,and institutional economics,it shows how the profit motive drives cost minimization,allocative efficiency,innovation,and consumer responsiveness.Profit expectations,formalized in endogenous growth models,act as catalysts for technological progress and dynamic efficiency,while agency-theoretic governance mechanisms align managerial incentives with shareholder interests.In contrast,government-owned enterprises operate under multi-objective welfare functions,often constrained by soft budget expectations,political interference,and X-inefficiencies that dilute efficiency.Charitable organizations,structured by the non-distribution constraint,emphasize social trust,equity,and mission fulfilment,supported by warm-glow altruism but constrained by free-rider problems and underfunding.A comparative evaluation suggests that profit-driven firms outperform in competitive markets producing private goods,whereas government and charitable forms play essential roles in addressing market failures and providing public or credence goods.The analysis affirms the institutionalist principle that ownership and governance structures must be aligned with the nature of the goods or services delivered.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery frequently encounter challenges in their self-care abilities,disease knowledge,and emotional well-being postoperatively.Effective nursing interventions are critical for improving the quality of life and minimizing complications.This study explored the clinical implications of integrating health education guided by problem management with positive incentive nursing to address these challenges.AIM To evaluate the effect of this combined nursing model on postoperative self-care ability,disease knowledge,mood state,and complication rates in patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery.METHODS Eighty patients who underwent rectal cancer surgery between October 2021 and August 2024 were allocated into reference(routine care)and experimental(problem management-guided health education combined with positive incentive nursing)groups.The outcomes included exercise of self-care agency scale,disease knowledge(hospital-specific questionnaire),mood state(profile of mood states),and complication rates.RESULTS The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in self-care ability(P<0.05),with higher scores for health knowledge,self-concept,self-care skills,and self-care responsibility than the reference group.Disease knowledge scores also improved markedly in the experimental group(P<0.05).Mood state scores showed a significant decrease in the negative dimensions(e.g.,anxiety and depression)and an increase in energy vitality(P<0.05).Additionally,the experimental group exhibited a lower complication rate than the reference group(7.5%vs 27.5%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION The integration of problem management-guided health education with positive incentive nursing significantly enhanced postoperative self-care abilities,disease knowledge,and emotional well-being while reducing complication rates.This model demonstrated potential for widespread adoption in clinical practice by offering a structured approach to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of implementing a time-sensitive incentive model combined with specialized rehabilitation nursing in patients with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure.Methods:Seventy-eight patients with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure admitted from January 2024 to February 2025 were selected and randomly divided into two groups using a computer-based random drawing method.The control group(39 patients)received routine nursing,while the observation group(39 patients)received a time-sensitive incentive model combined with specialized rehabilitation nursing.Lung function and adverse emotional states were compared between the two groups.Results:After 2 weeks of nursing,the lung function of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the adverse emotional states of the observation group were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Implementing a time-sensitive incentive model combined with specialized rehabilitation nursing in patients with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure can improve lung function and emotional state.
基金financially supported by the China Atomic Energy Authority(CAEA)through the Geological Disposal Programthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42307258)the China National Nuclear Corporation Fundamental Research Project(No.CNNC-JCYJ-202307)。
文摘Investigations into the long-term creep behavior of Beishan granite in uniaxial compression were conducted.Four levels of axial stress(60,70,87,and 95 MPa)were applied to rock specimens.Contrasting with earlier research,the long-term creep data in this work present a substantial advancement in the time dimension.Except for the sample subjected to 60 MPa axial loading,which did not fail after a loading duration of 1650 d,the specimens under the other three stresses all failed after sustained constant loading durations of 1204,1023,and 839 d,respectively.A lower envelope of driving stress-ratio for crystalline rocks was obtained,tending towards approximately 0.45 over an infinite time scale.According to the experimental results,as axial stress increases,both the axial strain accumulated in the transient creep process and the strain rate associated with steady-state creep deformation increase exponentially;however,the share of steady-state creep strain remains nearly constant at about82.53%.A novel damage-based creep model was put forward.It provides an enhanced depiction of the comprehensive creep process in rocks,notably improving the accuracy in forecasting the accelerated creep phase,which significantly impacts the long-term stability of engineering structures.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.43277051)the Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education(No.B230203006).
文摘While oceanic and coastal acidification has gained increased attention,long-term pH trends and their drivers in large freshwater systems remain poorly understood.The Laurentian Great Lakes are the world’s largest freshwater system,and in many ways resemble marine ecosystems.However,unlike the open ocean and coastal waters where pH has declined due to rising atmospheric CO_(2),no significant pH trends have been observed in the Laurentian Great Lakes,despite significant ecosystem changes driven partly by the invasion of dreissenid mussels.This study examined 41 years of field observations from Lake Michigan to investigate the long-term carbonate chemistry dynamics.Observational results revealed substantial declines in both total alkalinity(TA)and dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC)over the four decades.Mussel shell calcification emerged as the primary mechanism behind these declines,accounting for 97%and 47%of the observed changes in TA and DIC,respectively,lowering water column pH by 0.24 units.Elevated carbon accumulation in soft mussel tissues,coupled with long-term changes in the air-water pCO_(2)gradient during summer,significantly contributed to long-term DIC variations,explaining 18%and 28%of the lake-wide DIC loss.These two mechanisms also resulted in an overall pH increase of 0.09 and 0.12 units,largely offsetting the calcification-driven pH decrease.These findings bridge a gap in acidification research for large freshwater systems and provide valuable insights for comprehensive lake-wide management strategies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52305186,52275177)the Research Start-up Funding of Fuzhou University(Grant Nos.XRC-23015,XRC-23064).
文摘Micron-sized graphene sheets have been introduced as additives to enhance the lubricating capabilities of water.The tribological characteristics of the lubricants after preparation and storage for 6 months were systematically analyzed.Results indicated that the friction coefficient and wear volume of the tribo-pair were reduced through the incorporation of a certain concentration of graphene sheets,and also have long-term storage stability.Notably,under the experimental conditions,a 0.2%mass concentration of graphene in the aqueous lubricant exhibited exceptional tribological performance and long-term storage stability,achieving an 80%reduction in friction coefficient and a 78%decrease in wear volume with a 14000-cycle friction test.Wear morphology analysis indicated that after adding graphene sheets to the aqueous solution,micro-plastic deformation occurs on the worn surface of the steel plate.The wear profile of the GCr15 counter ball changes from a circular profile to a rectangular-like profile.The main reason is that the graphene sheets in the aqueous solution can enter the contact interface during the friction process,hindering direct contact between the friction pair.The study prov-ides a simple method to improve the tribological properties of aqueous solutions stably for engineering applica-tions.
文摘Objective:To investigate the long-term prognosis and postoperative cosmetic outcomes of breast-conserving surgery combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with early-stage breast cancer,providing a reference for the selection of clinical treatment plans.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 68 patients with early-stage breast cancer admitted from January 2022 to December 2025.Based on the surgical approach,patients were divided into an observation group(breast-conserving surgery+sentinel lymph node biopsy)and a control group(other surgical methods such as modified radical mastectomy/total mastectomy).Clinical and pathological characteristics,incidence of postoperative complications,follow-up prognosis,and satisfaction with cosmetic outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results:Among the 68 patients,41 were in the observation group and 27 in the control group.The average age of patients in the observation group was(54.32±8.15)years,while that in the control group was(62.45±9.76)years.The average tumor size in the observation group was(1.86±0.72)cm,compared to(3.21±1.45)cm in the control group.The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was 9.76%,significantly lower than that in the control group at 33.33%(P<0.05).The 6-month disease-free survival rate was 95.12%in the observation group and 88.89%in the control group,with no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).The excellent and good rate of cosmetic outcomes in the observation group was 87.80%,significantly higher than that in the control group at 29.63%(P<0.05).Conclusion:Breast-conserving surgery combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy for early-stage breast cancer can achieve long-term prognostic outcomes comparable to those of traditional radical surgery,with the advantages of fewer postoperative complications and superior cosmetic results.This approach is worthy of clinical promotion and application,particularly for early-stage breast cancer patients who have a demand for preserving breast morphology.
文摘AIM:To investigate the long-term outcomes in acute primary angle closure(APAC)patients treated with lens extraction(LE)surgery and to identify risk factors for glaucomatous optic neuropathy(GON).METHODS:In this longitudinal observational study,detailed medical histories of APAC patients and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations at final followup were collected.Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of blindness.Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to determine risk factors associated with visual outcomes.RESULTS:This study included 39 affected eyes of 31 subjects(26 females)with an average age of 74.1±8.0y.At 6.7±4.2y after APAC attack,2(5.7%)eyes had bestcorrected visual acuity(VA)worse than 3/60.Advanced glaucomatous visual field loss was observed in 15(39.5%)affected eyes and 5(25.0%)fellow eyes.Nine affected eyes(23.7%)had GON,and 11(28.9%)were blind.Six(15.4%)affected eyes and 2(9.1%)fellow eyes had suspicious progression.A significantly higher blindness rate in factory workers compared to office workers.Logistic regression identified that worse VA at attack(OR 10.568,95%CI 1.288-86.695;P=0.028)and worse early postoperative VA(OR 13.214,95%CI 1.157-150.881;P=0.038)were risk factors for blindness.Multivariate regression showed that longer duration of elevated intraocular pressure(P=0.004)and worse early postoperative VA(P=0.009)were associated with worse visual outcomes.CONCLUSION:Despite LE surgery,some APAC patients experience continued visual function deterioration.Lifelong monitoring is necessary.Target pressure and progression rates should be re-evaluated during follow-up.
基金financially supported by the National Science & Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Project of China (2021FY100501)the Youth Innovation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Y2023QC16)。
文摘Long-term manure application has the potential to alleviate soil acidification, and increase carbon sequestration and nutrient availability, thus improving cropland fertility. However, the mechanisms behind greenhouse gas N_(2)O emissions from acidic soil mediated by long-term manure application remain poorly understood. Herein, we investigated N_(2)O emission and its linkage with gross N mineralization and nitrification rates, as well as nitrifying and denitrifying microbes in an acidic upland soil subjected to 36-year fertilization treatments, including an unfertilized control(CK), inorganic fertilizer(F), 2× rate of inorganic fertilizer(2F), manure(M), and the combination of inorganic fertilizer and manure(FM) treatments. Compared to the CK treatment(1.34 μg N kg^(-1) d^(-1)), fertilization strongly increased N_(2)O emissions by 34-fold on average, with more pronounced increases in the manure-amendment(10.6-169 μg N kg^(-1) d^(-1)) than those in the inorganic fertilizer treatments(3.26-5.51 μg N kg^(-1) d^(-1)). The manure amendment-stimulated N_(2)O emissions were highly associated with increased soil pH, mean weight diameter of soil aggregates, substrate availability(e.g., particulate organic carbon, NO_(3)^(-)and available phosphorus), gross N mineralization rates, denitrifier abundances and the(nirK+nirS)/nosZ ratio. These findings suggest that the increased N_(2)O emissions primarily resulted from alleviated acidification, increased substrate availability and improved soil structure, thus enhancing microbial N mineralization and favoring N_(2)O^(-)producing denitrifiers over N_(2)O consumers. Moreover, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) rather than ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) positively correlated with soil NO_(3)^(-)concentration and N_(2)O emissions, indicating that nitrification indirectly contributed to N_(2)O production by supplying NO_(3)^(-)for denitrification. Collectively, manure amendment potentially stimulates N_(2)O emissions, primarily resulting from alleviated soil acidification and increased substrate availability, thus enhancing N mineralization and denitrifier-mediated N_(2)O production. Our findings suggest that consideration should be given to the greenhouse gas budgets of agricultural ecosystems when applying manure for managing the pH and fertility of acidic soils.
基金supported byNationalNatural Science Foundation of China,GrantNo.62402046the Beijing Forestry University Science and Technology Innovation Project under Grant No.BLX202358.
文摘Long-term traffic flow prediction is a crucial component of intelligent transportation systems within intelligent networks,requiring predictive models that balance accuracy with low-latency and lightweight computation to optimize trafficmanagement and enhance urban mobility and sustainability.However,traditional predictivemodels struggle to capture long-term temporal dependencies and are computationally intensive,limiting their practicality in real-time.Moreover,many approaches overlook the periodic characteristics inherent in traffic data,further impacting performance.To address these challenges,we introduce ST-MambaGCN,a State-Space-Based Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolution Network.Unlike conventionalmodels,ST-MambaGCN replaces the temporal attention layer withMamba,a state-space model that efficiently captures long-term dependencies with near-linear computational complexity.The model combines Chebyshev polynomial-based graph convolutional networks(GCN)to explore spatial correlations.Additionally,we incorporate a multi-temporal feature capture mechanism,where the final integrated features are generated through the Hadamard product based on learnable parameters.This mechanism explicitly models shortterm,daily,and weekly traffic patterns to enhance the network’s awareness of traffic periodicity.Extensive experiments on the PeMS04 and PeMS08 datasets demonstrate that ST-MambaGCN significantly outperforms existing benchmarks,offering substantial improvements in both prediction accuracy and computational efficiency for long-term traffic flow prediction.
基金Project(52373065)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2220004002898)supported by the Zhuhai Industry University Research Cooperation and Basic and Applied Research Projects,China。
文摘Waterborne acrylic coatings are widely utilized due to their cost-effectiveness,high transparency,strong resistance to weather and chemicals,impressive mechanical properties,and excellent adhesion to various substrates.In these coatings,a reactive emulsifier containing phosphate groups can be integrated into the molecular chain during polymerization,which enhances the coating's compactness and corrosion resistance.This work focuses on the synthesis of styrene-butyl acrylate(St-BA)latex and methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate(MMA-BA)latex using the reactive phosphate emulsifier ANPEO_(10)-P_(1) through seed emulsion polymerization,achieving a conversion rate of approximately 99%and a solid content close to 50%.The resulting coatings from St-BA and MMA-BA latexes demonstrated long-term corrosion protection for carbon steel and aluminum alloy due to in-situ phosphatization,effectively preventing flash rust.Notably,the MMA-BA coating exhibited remarkable durability,enduring immersion for up to 1224 h(51 d)on Q 235 carbon steel before reaching the failure threshold(|Z|0.01 Hz£106Ω·cm^(2))on Q 235 carbon steel.On 5052 aluminum alloy,the St-BA coating maintained|Z|0.01 Hz>10^(8)Ω·cm^(2) for 480 h(20 d).Furthermore,the corrosion resistance of St-BA and MMA BA coatings on Q 235 steel sheet and 5052 aluminum alloy surpassed that of commercially available MMA-BA and St BA coatings after immersion in a 3.5 wt%NaCl aqueous solution.This work also delves into the anticorrosion mechanism of MMA-BA and St-BA coatings.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71071033)the Youth Foundation of Humanity and Social Scienceof Ministry of Education of China(No.11YJC630234)
文摘In order to solve principal-agent problems caused by interest inconformity and information asymmetry during information security outsourcing, it is necessary to design a reasonable incentive mechanism to promote client enterprises to complete outsourcing service actively. The incentive mechanism model of information security outsourcing is designed based on the principal-agent theory. Through analyzing the factors such as enterprise information assets value, invasion probability, information security environment, the agent cost coefficient and agency risk preference degree how to impact on the incentive mechanism, conclusions show that an enterprise information assets value and invasion probability have a positive influence on the fixed fee and the compensation coefficient; while information security environment, the agent cost coefficient and agency risk preference degree have a negative influence on the compensation coefficient. Therefore, the principal enterprises should reasonably design the fixed fee and the compensation coefficient to encourage information security outsourcing agency enterprises to the full extent.
