We first discuss the relationship between the optimal track maintenance scheduling model and an efficient detection method for abnormal track irregularities given by the longitudinal level irregularity displaceme...We first discuss the relationship between the optimal track maintenance scheduling model and an efficient detection method for abnormal track irregularities given by the longitudinal level irregularity displacement (LLID). The results of applying the cluster analysis technique to the sampling data showed that maintenance operation is required for approximately 10% of the total lots, and these lots were further classified into three groups according to the degree of maintenance need. To analyze the background factors for detecting abnormal LLID lots, a principal component analysis was performed;the results showed that the first principal component represents LLIDs from the viewpoints of the rail structure, equipment, and operating conditions. Binomial and ordinal logit regression models (LRMs) were used to quantitatively investigate the determinants of abnormal LLIDs. Binomial LRM was used to characterize the abnormal LLIDs, whereas ordinal LRM was used to distinguish the degree of influence of factors that are considered to have a significant impact on LLIDs.展开更多
The preservation/restoration of natural environment is usually entailing high cost mostly paid by citizens through taxes.The effect of these taxes is double. The direct effect is the obvious additional income for the ...The preservation/restoration of natural environment is usually entailing high cost mostly paid by citizens through taxes.The effect of these taxes is double. The direct effect is the obvious additional income for the State, and the indirect effect is anadditional income for the citizen, due to increasing tourism. Since the evaluation of this good cannot be in market terms, authorsapply a modified CVM （Contingent Valuation Method）, which is part of Experimental Economics, in order to find out the order ofconcern that people have about natural environment. Authors also, try to investigate their WTP （Willingness To Pay） for supportingactivities for preservation/restoration of three lakes in Northern Greece, in particular, lake of Ioannina, lake of Florina and lake ofKastoria. For the purpose of this research, authors use parametric and non-parametric approaches, as well as Linear Regression andLogic Models.展开更多
文摘We first discuss the relationship between the optimal track maintenance scheduling model and an efficient detection method for abnormal track irregularities given by the longitudinal level irregularity displacement (LLID). The results of applying the cluster analysis technique to the sampling data showed that maintenance operation is required for approximately 10% of the total lots, and these lots were further classified into three groups according to the degree of maintenance need. To analyze the background factors for detecting abnormal LLID lots, a principal component analysis was performed;the results showed that the first principal component represents LLIDs from the viewpoints of the rail structure, equipment, and operating conditions. Binomial and ordinal logit regression models (LRMs) were used to quantitatively investigate the determinants of abnormal LLIDs. Binomial LRM was used to characterize the abnormal LLIDs, whereas ordinal LRM was used to distinguish the degree of influence of factors that are considered to have a significant impact on LLIDs.
文摘The preservation/restoration of natural environment is usually entailing high cost mostly paid by citizens through taxes.The effect of these taxes is double. The direct effect is the obvious additional income for the State, and the indirect effect is anadditional income for the citizen, due to increasing tourism. Since the evaluation of this good cannot be in market terms, authorsapply a modified CVM （Contingent Valuation Method）, which is part of Experimental Economics, in order to find out the order ofconcern that people have about natural environment. Authors also, try to investigate their WTP （Willingness To Pay） for supportingactivities for preservation/restoration of three lakes in Northern Greece, in particular, lake of Ioannina, lake of Florina and lake ofKastoria. For the purpose of this research, authors use parametric and non-parametric approaches, as well as Linear Regression andLogic Models.
