The flow field characteristics of the conduit-matrix system(CMS)have consistently been a primary area of interest to researchers.However,under the long-term influence of water flow,the hydraulic conductivity of the ma...The flow field characteristics of the conduit-matrix system(CMS)have consistently been a primary area of interest to researchers.However,under the long-term influence of water flow,the hydraulic conductivity of the matrix surrounding the conduit often deforms differentially along the conduit axis,resulting in the development of a conduit-multilayer matrix system(CMMS).This renders conventional models inadequate in accurately describing the flow field characteristics of CMMS.In this study,a semi-analytical model with second-order accuracy is developed to investigate the velocity profile characteristics of CMMS by coupling the Navier-Stokes(N–S)equations in the conduit and the Darcy-Brinkman(D-B)equation in the multilayer matrices.In this model,the interface between the conduit and the matrix satisfies the velocity continuity and stress jumping condition.In contrast,different matrix interfaces require both velocity and stress to be equal.The model's validity is verified through Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)simulation,COMSOL simulation,and experimental data under different conduit apertures,matrix region numbers,and matrix permeability characteristics.Moreover,the current model predicts discharges with higher accuracy than the Hagen-Poiseuille law and Darcy's law(the maximum error between the present model and the test is 7.24%).Furthermore,the existing Poiseuille's law,conduit-matrix model,and conduit-matrix1-matrix2 model are all special cases of the current semi-analytical model,thereby indicating its broader applicability.Sensitivity results reveal that the flow velocities in the surrounding matrix and the conduit regions also increase when the permeability of the matrix in proximity to the conduit increases.Additionally,as the stress jumping coefficient at the interface approaches zero,the transition from free flow to seepage becomes smoother.展开更多
Ocean reanalysis data,compared to traditional observational data,possess stronger continuity and higher data accuracy.The globally high-resolution ice-ocean coupled reanalysis product China Ocean ReAnalysis,Version 2....Ocean reanalysis data,compared to traditional observational data,possess stronger continuity and higher data accuracy.The globally high-resolution ice-ocean coupled reanalysis product China Ocean ReAnalysis,Version 2.0(CORA v2.0),independently developed by the National Marine Information Center,has attracted considerable attention since its release in 2020.This study selected six representative points of sound velocity profiles in different global ocean regions and conducted comparative analysis between the 2014 momentary data from CORA v2.0 and Argo data.Additionally,the monthly average data of CORA v2.0 in 2013 were compared and studied against General Digital Environmental Model(GDEM)and World Ocean Atlas(WOA)data.Metrics such as Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)and Mean Error(ME)were introduced to evaluate the differences between datasets.The result reveals that,in a comparison of single moment data,the sound velocity profiles of CORA v2.0 data and Argo data exhibit high consistency,with ME generally within 2 m/s.Regarding a comparison of monthly average data,the consistency between CORA v2.0 data and WOA data is higher,while the error relative to GDEM data is relatively larger,but their RMSE and ME exhibit high similarity in temporal trends.Based on the 2014 data of CORA v2.0,the temporal and spatial evolutionary laws of global seawater sound velocity profiles and sound speed fields were analyzed.On the time scale,the variation of seawater sound speed is mainly influenced by seasons,with significant differences between winter and summer seasons.On the daily scale,there are certain differences in sound velocity profiles mainly in the early morning and afternoon.On the spatial scale,analysis was conducted from both horizontal and vertical perspectives.The distribution of sound speed exhibits evident regularity with latitude,with shallow seawater sound speed being greatly influenced by external factors while deep seawater is relatively stable.Using the Range-dependent Acoustic Model for Geoacoustics(RAMgeo)model to solve the underwater acoustic field at three specific points,the characteristic changes of sound velocity profiles at different times of the day and their impact on under water sound propagation losses were obtained.This paper provides valuable information for the application of CORA v2.0 data products.展开更多
Many observed data show that the near-bed tidal velocity profile deviates from the usual logarithmic law. The amount of deviation may not be large, but it results in large errors when the logarithmic velocity profile ...Many observed data show that the near-bed tidal velocity profile deviates from the usual logarithmic law. The amount of deviation may not be large, but it results in large errors when the logarithmic velocity profile is used to calculate the bed roughness height and friction velocity （or shear stress）. Based on their investigation, Kuo et al. （1996） indicate that the deviation amplitude may exceed 100%. On the basis of fluid dynamic principle, the profile of the near-bed tidal velocity in estuarine and coastal waters is established by introducing Prandtl＇ s mixing length theory and Von Kannan selfsimilarity theory. By the fitting and calculation of the near-bed velocity profde data observed in the west Solent, England, the results are compared with those of the usual logarithmic model, and it is shown that the present near-bed tidal velocity profile model has such advantages as higher fitting precision, and better inner consistency between the roughness height and friction velocity. The calculated roughness height and friction velocity are closer to reality. The conclusions are validated that the logarithmic model underestimates the roughness height and friction velocity during tidal acceleration and overestimates them during tidal deceleration.展开更多
Water motion in estuarine waters is the result of the action of various dynamic factors. Firstly, based on the hydro- dynamic characteristics in estuarine waters, neglecting the nonlinear effects of various flow hydro...Water motion in estuarine waters is the result of the action of various dynamic factors. Firstly, based on the hydro- dynamic characteristics in estuarine waters, neglecting the nonlinear effects of various flow hydrodynamic factors, the logarithm velocity profile of tidal current and the cubic velocity profile of Hansen and Rattray （1965） made for linear super- position at a sense of first order, a new model for velocity profile in estuarine waters is established. Then, by introducing the least square method combination of enumeration, the velocity profile data of wind-driven current measured in the laboratory and that observed at the North and the South Branches of the Yangtze Estuary are verified and compared with other formulas, all with satisfactory results. The results show that the new model not only considers the influences of various dynamic factors, such as tide, wind force, run-off and density pressure with high accuracy, but also provides reasonable boundary conditions on the bottom for hydrodynamics numerical simulation in estuarine waters. Thereby, the accuracy and credibility of numerical computation and prediction of water flow are improved. The research is theoretically important for the estuarine hydrodynamics.展开更多
In the present work, an experimental study of bubbly two-phase flow in a rectangular bubble column was performed using two ultrasonic array sensors, which can measure the instantaneous velocity of gas bubbles on multi...In the present work, an experimental study of bubbly two-phase flow in a rectangular bubble column was performed using two ultrasonic array sensors, which can measure the instantaneous velocity of gas bubbles on multiple measurement lines. After the sound pressure distribution of sensors had been evaluated with a needle hydrophone technique, the array sensors were applied to two-phase bubble col- umn, To assess the accuracy of the measurement system with array sensors for one and two-dimensional velocity, a simultaneous measurement was performed with an optical measurement technique called particle image velocimetry （PIV）. Experimental results showed that accuracy of the measurement system with array sensors is under 10% for one-dimensional velocity profile measurement compared with PIV technique. The accuracy of the system was estimated to be under 20% along the mean flow direction in the case of two-dimensional vector mapping.展开更多
In this paper,based on the feature of high resolution one-dimensional range profile,two effective motion compensation methods are presented. Firstly,the processing method of stepped-frequency and the response of targe...In this paper,based on the feature of high resolution one-dimensional range profile,two effective motion compensation methods are presented. Firstly,the processing method of stepped-frequency and the response of target moving to range profile are analyzed. Secondly,the function of range profile entropy and range profile contrast are presented for velocity compensation,and then the theory analysis,math model,and solution method are analyzed in detail. Finally,several simulation experiments are designed to prove the accuracy and effectiveness of these two methods. From the final theory analysis and simulation experiments,the conclusion can be drawn that these two methods are effective,which can get much higher velocity estimation accuracy,well real-time and easy to be used in project application. After motion compens-ation,the high resolution one-dimensional range profile will be much better than that used to be,and is used for the detection, recognition and ranging of moving targets.展开更多
For submerged vegetated flow, the velocity profile has two distinctive distributions in the vegetation layer in the lower region and the surface layer in the upper non-vegetated region. Based on a mixing-layer analogy...For submerged vegetated flow, the velocity profile has two distinctive distributions in the vegetation layer in the lower region and the surface layer in the upper non-vegetated region. Based on a mixing-layer analogy, different analytical models have been proposed for the velocity profile in the two layers. This paper evaluates the four analytical models of Klopstra et al., Defina & Bixio, Yang et al. and Nepf against a wide range of independent experimental data available in the literature. To test the applicability and robust of the models, the author used the 19 datasets with various relative depths of submergence, different vegetation densities and bed slopes (1.8 × 10?6 - 4.0 × 10?3). This study shows that none of the models can predict the velocity profiles well for all datasets. The three models except Yang’s model performed reasonably well in certain cases, but Yang’s model failed in most the cases studied. It was also found that the Defina model is almost the same as the Klopstra model, if the same mixing length scale of eddies (λ) is used. Finally, close examination of the mixing length scale of eddies (λ) in the Defina model showed that when λ/h = 1/40(H/h)1/2, this model can predict velocity profiles well for all the datasets used.展开更多
Horizontal gas-liquid two-phase flows widely exist in chemical engineering,oil/gas production and other important industrial processes.Slug flow pattern is the main form of horizontal gas-liquid flows and characterize...Horizontal gas-liquid two-phase flows widely exist in chemical engineering,oil/gas production and other important industrial processes.Slug flow pattern is the main form of horizontal gas-liquid flows and characterized by intermittent motion of film region and slug region.This work aims to develop the ultrasonic Doppler method to realize the simultaneous measurement of the velocity profile and liquid film thickness of slug flow.A single-frequency single-channel transducer is adopted in the design of the field-programmable gate array based ultrasonic Doppler system.A multiple echo repetition technology is used to improve the temporal-spatial resolution for the velocity profile.An experiment of horizontal gas-liquid two-phase flow is implemented in an acrylic pipe with an inner diameter of 20 mm.Considering the aerated characteristics of the liquid slug,slug flow is divided into low-aerated slug flow,high-aerated slug flow and pseudo slug flow.The temporal-spatial velocity distributions of the three kinds of slug flows are reconstructed by using the ultrasonic velocity profile measurement.The evolution characteristics of the average velocity profile in slug flows are investigated.A novel method is proposed to derive the liquid film thickness based on the instantaneous velocity profile.The liquid film thickness can be effectively measured by detecting the position and the size of the bubbles nearly below the elongated gas bubble.Compared with the time of flight method,the film thickness measured by the Doppler system shows a higher accuracy as a bubble layer occurs in the film region.The effect of the gas distribution on the film thickness is uncovered in three kinds of slug flows.展开更多
The modal wave number tomography approach is used to obtain sound speed profile of water column in deep ocean. The approach consists of estimation of the local modal eigenvalues from complex pressure field and use of ...The modal wave number tomography approach is used to obtain sound speed profile of water column in deep ocean. The approach consists of estimation of the local modal eigenvalues from complex pressure field and use of these data as input to modal perturbative inversion method for obtaining the local sound speed profile. The empirical orthonormal function (EOF) is applied to reduce the parameter search space. The ocean environment used for numerical simulations includes the Munk profile as the unperturbed background speed profile and a weak Gaussian eddy as the sound speed profile perturbation. The results of numerical simulations show the method is capable of monitoring the oceanic interior structure.展开更多
The objective of this work is to estimate the accuracy of a predicted velocity profile which can be gained from experimental results, in comparison with the exact ones by the methodology of entropy generation. The ana...The objective of this work is to estimate the accuracy of a predicted velocity profile which can be gained from experimental results, in comparison with the exact ones by the methodology of entropy generation. The analysis is concerned with the entropy generation rate in hydrodynamic, steady, laminar, and incompressible flow for Newtonian fluids in the insulated channels of arbitrary cross section. The entropy generation can be calculated from two local and overall techniques. Adaptation of the results of these techniques depends on the used velocity profile. Results express that in experimental works, whatever the values of local and overall entropy generation rates are close to each other, the results are more accuracy. In order to extent the subject, different geometries have been investigated. Also, the influence studied, and the distribution of volumetric geometries is drawn. of geometry on the entropy generation rate is local entropy generation rate for the selected geometries is drawn.展开更多
Tidal current velocity profile in the near-bed layers has been widely studied. The results showed that velocity profile in the near-bed layer obviously departure from the traditional logarithmic profile, due to the ac...Tidal current velocity profile in the near-bed layers has been widely studied. The results showed that velocity profile in the near-bed layer obviously departure from the traditional logarithmic profile, due to the acceleration or deceleration. Although the logarithmic linear profile can reduce the rate of deviation from this, only it is a lower-order approximate solution. In this paper, considering the unsteady and non-linear features of tidal motion, the double logarithmic profile near-bed layers in estuarine and coastal waters is established on the assumption that the turbulent shear stress along the water depth was parabolic distribution, and on the basis of Prandtl＇s mixing length theory and yon Karman＇s self-similar theory. Having been verified the data observed at the West Solent in the south of England, and comparison of the logarithmic linear profile, it found that the double logarithmic profile is more precious than the latter. At last, the discussed results showed that： （1） The parabolic distribution of the tidal shear stresses verified good by the field data and experimental data, can be better reflected the basic features of the tidal shear stress deviating from linear distribution that is downward when to accelerate, upward when to decelerate. （2） The traditional logarithmic velocity profile is the zero-order approximation solution of the double logarithmic profile, the logarithmic linear profile is the first order, and the logarithmic parabolic profile is the second order. （3） Ignoring the conditions of diffusion and convection in the tida movement, the double logarithmic profile can reflect the tidal properties of acceleration or deceleration, so that the calculation of the friction velocity and roughness length are more reasonable. When the acceleration or the deceleration is about zero, the double logarithmic profile becomes the logarithmic profile.展开更多
Jet projectile charge （JPC） is a relatively new type of perforating jet mainly used for defeating concrete targets. Velocity profile is an important parameter to investigate the penetration and performance of JPC. S...Jet projectile charge （JPC） is a relatively new type of perforating jet mainly used for defeating concrete targets. Velocity profile is an important parameter to investigate the penetration and performance of JPC. Since limited information such as X-ray radiographs and penetration depth can be obtained through the JPC experiment, the numerical simulation and further methodology are needed to depict the mechanism of JPC. This paper describes a mathematical approach based on Matlab to determine JPC velocity profile at various stand offs using three sets of jet data from numerical simulations. X-ray radiographs experimental results have been obtained at two time instants for two selected JPC design to verify the numerical accuracy. The velocity profiles by mathematical approach and simulation show good accordance. The number of experiments can be reduced by numerical simulation and analysis of velocity profiles. This approach can be generalized to any such system where explosive-metal interaction results in formation of jets.展开更多
The quadratic rheology model considers the yield stress,viscous stress,turbulent stress and disperse stress,so it is used in this study to derive the velocity profile of debris flows.The quadratic model with the parab...The quadratic rheology model considers the yield stress,viscous stress,turbulent stress and disperse stress,so it is used in this study to derive the velocity profile of debris flows.The quadratic model with the parabolic eddy viscosity was numerically solved,and an analytical solution was derived for the quadratic model with a constant eddy viscosity.These two solutions were compared with the Arai-Takahashi model that excluded the viscous stress and the yield stress.The three models were tested by using 17 experiment cases of debris flows over rigid beds.The results prove that the quadratic model with parabolic and constant eddy viscosities is applicable to muddy and granular flows,whereas the Arai-Takahashi model tends to overestimate the flow velocity near the water surface if a plug-like layer exists.In addition,the von Karman constant and the zero-velocity elevation in the three models are related to sediment concentration.The von Karman constant decreases first and then increases as the sediment concentration increases.The zero-velocity elevation is below the bed surface,likely due to the invalidity of the non-slip boundary condition for the debris flows over fixed beds.展开更多
Since 1982, the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(IOCAS) has conducted more than 20 sonobuoy refraction measurement in the area of East China Sea. In 1991, the IOCAS also conducted OBS measurement i...Since 1982, the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(IOCAS) has conducted more than 20 sonobuoy refraction measurement in the area of East China Sea. In 1991, the IOCAS also conducted OBS measurement in the same area. Both the our refraction data and other authors’ refraction data measured in the area of East China Sea have been used to study the crustal velocity structure along the Profile 820 which is across the East China Sea shelf basin, Okinawa Trough, Ryukyu Island, Ryukyu Trench and Philippine Sea in this paper. The ages of the velocity layer have also been determined in this paper.The crustal velocity structure is difference both along the profile 820 and from top to the depth. Along the profile there are three basins and three uplifts. From top to the depth there are 5 velocity layers, which are layers of 1 8～2 2km/s, 2 4～2 8km/s, 3 0～3 6km/s, 4 2～5 1km/s, 5 75～6 0km/s. Based on the velocity structure we can know that the deposit environment was stable between Pliocene and Quaternary along the whole profile except the axis part of Okinawa Trough which had always been active and the deposit florescence was Eocene and the whole area was uplifting in the time of Oligocene and the sediments of that time upon the Diaoyudao uplift and Ryukyu island and also the area of East China Sea shelf basin and Okinawa Trough were denuded. The origination of the East China Sea shelf basin and the Okinawa Trough might be after the deposition of the velocity layer of 5 75～6 0km/s.展开更多
In this paper, using the integration method, it is sought to solve the problem for the laminar boundary_layer on a flat plate. At first, a trial function of the velocity profile which satisfies the basical boundary co...In this paper, using the integration method, it is sought to solve the problem for the laminar boundary_layer on a flat plate. At first, a trial function of the velocity profile which satisfies the basical boundary conditions is selected. The coefficients in the trial function awaiting decision are decided by using some numerical results of the boundary_layer differential equations. It is similar to the method proposed by Peng Yichuan, but the former is simpler. According to the method proposed by Peng, when the awaiting decision coefficients of the trial function are decided, it is sought to solve a third power algebraic equation. On the other hand, in this paper, there is only need for solving a linear algebraic equation. Moreover, the accuracy of the results of this paper is higher than that of Peng.展开更多
Estimation of velocity profile within mud depth is a long-standing and essential problem in debris flow dynamics.Until now,various velocity profiles have been proposed based on the fitting analysis of experimental mea...Estimation of velocity profile within mud depth is a long-standing and essential problem in debris flow dynamics.Until now,various velocity profiles have been proposed based on the fitting analysis of experimental measurements,but these are often limited by the observation conditions,such as the number of configured sensors.Therefore,the resulting linear velocity profiles usually exhibit limitations in reproducing the temporal-varied and nonlinear behavior during the debris flow process.In this study,we present a novel approach to explore the debris flow velocity profile in detail upon our previous 3D-HBPSPH numerical model,i.e.,the three-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic model incorporating the Herschel-Bulkley-Papanastasiou rheology.Specifically,we propose a stratification aggregation algorithm for interpreting the details of SPH particles,which enables the recording of temporal velocities of debris flow at different mud depths.To analyze the velocity profile,we introduce a logarithmic-based nonlinear model with two key parameters,that a controlling the shape of velocity profile and b concerning its temporal evolution.We verify the proposed velocity profile and explore its sensitivity using 34 sets of velocity data from three individual flume experiments in previous literature.Our results demonstrate that the proposed temporalvaried nonlinear velocity profile outperforms the previous linear profiles.展开更多
Many studies on how the particle shape affects the discharge flow mainly focus on discharge rates and avalanche statistics. In this study, the effect of the particle shape on the packing fraction and velocities of par...Many studies on how the particle shape affects the discharge flow mainly focus on discharge rates and avalanche statistics. In this study, the effect of the particle shape on the packing fraction and velocities of particles in the silo discharge flow are investigated by using the discrete element method. The time-averaged packing fraction and velocity profiles through the aperture are systematically measured for superelliptical particles with different blockinesses. Increasing the particle blockiness is found to increase resistance to flow and reduce the flow rate. At an identical outlet size, larger particle blockiness leads to lower velocity and packing fraction at the outlet. The packing fraction profiles display evidently the self-similar feature that can be appropriately adjusted by fractional power law. The velocity profiles for particles with different shapes obey a uniform self-similar law that is in accord with previous experimental results, which is compatible with the hypothesis of free fall arch. To further investigate the origin of flow behaviors, the packing fraction and velocity field in the region above the orifice are computed. Based on these observations, the flow rate of superelliptical particles is calculated and in agreement with the simulated data.展开更多
The characterization of subsurface formations via the analysis of near-wellbore velocity profiles represents a crucial method in geophysical exploration.This technique enables the evaluation of key parameters,includin...The characterization of subsurface formations via the analysis of near-wellbore velocity profiles represents a crucial method in geophysical exploration.This technique enables the evaluation of key parameters,including rock brittleness,wellbore stability,fracturing effects,and invasion extent,thereby enhancing comprehension of formation structures and informing exploration strategies.However,traditional near-wellbore formation velocity imaging methods exhibit two principal limitations.First,these methods lack azimuthal sensitivity,yielding results averaged across all directions.Second,they are computationally intensive and impractical for well-site environments.To address these drawbacks,we developed a rapid 3D velocity imaging method for array acoustic logging instru ments equipped with azimuthal receivers,capable of producing 3D imaging results efficiently.The workflow entails the following steps:(1)Band-pass filtering of logging data to mitigate scattered wave interference caused by formation heterogeneity near the wellbore;(2)combination of receivers with varying detection ranges in each direction to derive radial velocity sequences,followed by integration of ray-tracing theory to obtain 2D velocity distributions;and(3)synthesis of final 3D velocity imaging results via interpolation of these 2D datasets.In the velocity sequence extraction process,we significantly reduced the computational load by employing an adaptive time window,ensuring rapid and stable application in well-site settings.We utilized the finite difference method to construct well models with heteroge neous formations.The compressional and shear wave 3D velocity imaging results derived from synthetic data correlated with the model,demonstrating the azimuthal sensitivity of our proposed method.Furthermore,we applied this method to a well in West China,successfully identifying the azimuth of nearwellbore anisotropy.展开更多
This study explores the combination of ultrasound technology with a detection algorithm to categorize flow regimes in bubble columns used for aeration in aquaculture.An ultrasonic velocity profiler is used to obtain t...This study explores the combination of ultrasound technology with a detection algorithm to categorize flow regimes in bubble columns used for aeration in aquaculture.An ultrasonic velocity profiler is used to obtain the standard deviation of the bubble velocity distributed throughout the column.The bubble velocity data for three known flow regimes were used to develop a probability density function(PDF)classification model.The experimental apparatus consisted of a circular tank equipped with a bubble generator and gas hold-up monitoring systems.The flow regimes of the experimental fluid were determined,and the classification was conducted via the PDF method.The results demonstrate that the classification accuracy is not lower than that of traditional machine learning methods.展开更多
In this study,the flow characteristics around a group of three piers arranged in tandem were investigated both numerically and experimentally.The simulation utilised the volume of fluid(VOF)model in conjunction with t...In this study,the flow characteristics around a group of three piers arranged in tandem were investigated both numerically and experimentally.The simulation utilised the volume of fluid(VOF)model in conjunction with the k–ɛmethod(i.e.,for flow turbulence representations),implemented through the ANSYS FLUENT software,to model the free-surface flow.The simulation results were validated against laboratory measurements obtained using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter.The comparative analysis revealed discrepancies between the simulated and measured maximum velocities within the investigated flow field.However,the numerical results demonstrated a distinct vortex-induced flow pattern following the first pier and throughout the vicinity of the entire pier group,which aligned reasonably well with experimental data.In the heavily narrowed spaces between the piers,simulated velocity profiles were overestimated in the free-surface region and underestimated in the areas near the bed to the mid-stream when compared to measurements.These discrepancies diminished away from the regions with intense vortices,indicating that the employed model was capable of simulating relatively less disturbed flow turbulence.Furthermore,velocity results from both simulations and measurements were compared based on velocity distributions at three different depth ratios(0.15,0.40,and 0.62)to assess vortex characteristic around the piers.This comparison revealed consistent results between experimental and simulated data.This research contributes to a deeper understanding of flow dynamics around complex interactive pier systems,which is critical for designing stable and sustainable hydraulic structures.Furthermore,the insights gained from this study provide valuable information for engineers aiming to develop effective strategies for controlling scour and minimizing destructive vortex effects,thereby guiding the design and maintenance of sustainable infrastructure.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52079068,52090081)the State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering(Grant No.2021-KY-04).
文摘The flow field characteristics of the conduit-matrix system(CMS)have consistently been a primary area of interest to researchers.However,under the long-term influence of water flow,the hydraulic conductivity of the matrix surrounding the conduit often deforms differentially along the conduit axis,resulting in the development of a conduit-multilayer matrix system(CMMS).This renders conventional models inadequate in accurately describing the flow field characteristics of CMMS.In this study,a semi-analytical model with second-order accuracy is developed to investigate the velocity profile characteristics of CMMS by coupling the Navier-Stokes(N–S)equations in the conduit and the Darcy-Brinkman(D-B)equation in the multilayer matrices.In this model,the interface between the conduit and the matrix satisfies the velocity continuity and stress jumping condition.In contrast,different matrix interfaces require both velocity and stress to be equal.The model's validity is verified through Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM)simulation,COMSOL simulation,and experimental data under different conduit apertures,matrix region numbers,and matrix permeability characteristics.Moreover,the current model predicts discharges with higher accuracy than the Hagen-Poiseuille law and Darcy's law(the maximum error between the present model and the test is 7.24%).Furthermore,the existing Poiseuille's law,conduit-matrix model,and conduit-matrix1-matrix2 model are all special cases of the current semi-analytical model,thereby indicating its broader applicability.Sensitivity results reveal that the flow velocities in the surrounding matrix and the conduit regions also increase when the permeability of the matrix in proximity to the conduit increases.Additionally,as the stress jumping coefficient at the interface approaches zero,the transition from free flow to seepage becomes smoother.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.42075149the Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2021YFC101500.
文摘Ocean reanalysis data,compared to traditional observational data,possess stronger continuity and higher data accuracy.The globally high-resolution ice-ocean coupled reanalysis product China Ocean ReAnalysis,Version 2.0(CORA v2.0),independently developed by the National Marine Information Center,has attracted considerable attention since its release in 2020.This study selected six representative points of sound velocity profiles in different global ocean regions and conducted comparative analysis between the 2014 momentary data from CORA v2.0 and Argo data.Additionally,the monthly average data of CORA v2.0 in 2013 were compared and studied against General Digital Environmental Model(GDEM)and World Ocean Atlas(WOA)data.Metrics such as Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)and Mean Error(ME)were introduced to evaluate the differences between datasets.The result reveals that,in a comparison of single moment data,the sound velocity profiles of CORA v2.0 data and Argo data exhibit high consistency,with ME generally within 2 m/s.Regarding a comparison of monthly average data,the consistency between CORA v2.0 data and WOA data is higher,while the error relative to GDEM data is relatively larger,but their RMSE and ME exhibit high similarity in temporal trends.Based on the 2014 data of CORA v2.0,the temporal and spatial evolutionary laws of global seawater sound velocity profiles and sound speed fields were analyzed.On the time scale,the variation of seawater sound speed is mainly influenced by seasons,with significant differences between winter and summer seasons.On the daily scale,there are certain differences in sound velocity profiles mainly in the early morning and afternoon.On the spatial scale,analysis was conducted from both horizontal and vertical perspectives.The distribution of sound speed exhibits evident regularity with latitude,with shallow seawater sound speed being greatly influenced by external factors while deep seawater is relatively stable.Using the Range-dependent Acoustic Model for Geoacoustics(RAMgeo)model to solve the underwater acoustic field at three specific points,the characteristic changes of sound velocity profiles at different times of the day and their impact on under water sound propagation losses were obtained.This paper provides valuable information for the application of CORA v2.0 data products.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( Grant Nos .40476039 and50339010) Specialized Research Fundforthe Doctoral Programof Higher Education (Grant No.20020294007)
文摘Many observed data show that the near-bed tidal velocity profile deviates from the usual logarithmic law. The amount of deviation may not be large, but it results in large errors when the logarithmic velocity profile is used to calculate the bed roughness height and friction velocity （or shear stress）. Based on their investigation, Kuo et al. （1996） indicate that the deviation amplitude may exceed 100%. On the basis of fluid dynamic principle, the profile of the near-bed tidal velocity in estuarine and coastal waters is established by introducing Prandtl＇ s mixing length theory and Von Kannan selfsimilarity theory. By the fitting and calculation of the near-bed velocity profde data observed in the west Solent, England, the results are compared with those of the usual logarithmic model, and it is shown that the present near-bed tidal velocity profile model has such advantages as higher fitting precision, and better inner consistency between the roughness height and friction velocity. The calculated roughness height and friction velocity are closer to reality. The conclusions are validated that the logarithmic model underestimates the roughness height and friction velocity during tidal acceleration and overestimates them during tidal deceleration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50339010)the Public Welfare Projects of the Ministry of Water Resources(Grant No.200701026)
文摘Water motion in estuarine waters is the result of the action of various dynamic factors. Firstly, based on the hydro- dynamic characteristics in estuarine waters, neglecting the nonlinear effects of various flow hydrodynamic factors, the logarithm velocity profile of tidal current and the cubic velocity profile of Hansen and Rattray （1965） made for linear super- position at a sense of first order, a new model for velocity profile in estuarine waters is established. Then, by introducing the least square method combination of enumeration, the velocity profile data of wind-driven current measured in the laboratory and that observed at the North and the South Branches of the Yangtze Estuary are verified and compared with other formulas, all with satisfactory results. The results show that the new model not only considers the influences of various dynamic factors, such as tide, wind force, run-off and density pressure with high accuracy, but also provides reasonable boundary conditions on the bottom for hydrodynamics numerical simulation in estuarine waters. Thereby, the accuracy and credibility of numerical computation and prediction of water flow are improved. The research is theoretically important for the estuarine hydrodynamics.
文摘In the present work, an experimental study of bubbly two-phase flow in a rectangular bubble column was performed using two ultrasonic array sensors, which can measure the instantaneous velocity of gas bubbles on multiple measurement lines. After the sound pressure distribution of sensors had been evaluated with a needle hydrophone technique, the array sensors were applied to two-phase bubble col- umn, To assess the accuracy of the measurement system with array sensors for one and two-dimensional velocity, a simultaneous measurement was performed with an optical measurement technique called particle image velocimetry （PIV）. Experimental results showed that accuracy of the measurement system with array sensors is under 10% for one-dimensional velocity profile measurement compared with PIV technique. The accuracy of the system was estimated to be under 20% along the mean flow direction in the case of two-dimensional vector mapping.
基金Sponsored by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61201237)the Nature Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(Grant No.QC2012C069)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.HEUCFZ1129,HEUCF130810,HEUCF130817)
文摘In this paper,based on the feature of high resolution one-dimensional range profile,two effective motion compensation methods are presented. Firstly,the processing method of stepped-frequency and the response of target moving to range profile are analyzed. Secondly,the function of range profile entropy and range profile contrast are presented for velocity compensation,and then the theory analysis,math model,and solution method are analyzed in detail. Finally,several simulation experiments are designed to prove the accuracy and effectiveness of these two methods. From the final theory analysis and simulation experiments,the conclusion can be drawn that these two methods are effective,which can get much higher velocity estimation accuracy,well real-time and easy to be used in project application. After motion compens-ation,the high resolution one-dimensional range profile will be much better than that used to be,and is used for the detection, recognition and ranging of moving targets.
文摘For submerged vegetated flow, the velocity profile has two distinctive distributions in the vegetation layer in the lower region and the surface layer in the upper non-vegetated region. Based on a mixing-layer analogy, different analytical models have been proposed for the velocity profile in the two layers. This paper evaluates the four analytical models of Klopstra et al., Defina & Bixio, Yang et al. and Nepf against a wide range of independent experimental data available in the literature. To test the applicability and robust of the models, the author used the 19 datasets with various relative depths of submergence, different vegetation densities and bed slopes (1.8 × 10?6 - 4.0 × 10?3). This study shows that none of the models can predict the velocity profiles well for all datasets. The three models except Yang’s model performed reasonably well in certain cases, but Yang’s model failed in most the cases studied. It was also found that the Defina model is almost the same as the Klopstra model, if the same mixing length scale of eddies (λ) is used. Finally, close examination of the mixing length scale of eddies (λ) in the Defina model showed that when λ/h = 1/40(H/h)1/2, this model can predict velocity profiles well for all the datasets used.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41974139,42274148,42074142)。
文摘Horizontal gas-liquid two-phase flows widely exist in chemical engineering,oil/gas production and other important industrial processes.Slug flow pattern is the main form of horizontal gas-liquid flows and characterized by intermittent motion of film region and slug region.This work aims to develop the ultrasonic Doppler method to realize the simultaneous measurement of the velocity profile and liquid film thickness of slug flow.A single-frequency single-channel transducer is adopted in the design of the field-programmable gate array based ultrasonic Doppler system.A multiple echo repetition technology is used to improve the temporal-spatial resolution for the velocity profile.An experiment of horizontal gas-liquid two-phase flow is implemented in an acrylic pipe with an inner diameter of 20 mm.Considering the aerated characteristics of the liquid slug,slug flow is divided into low-aerated slug flow,high-aerated slug flow and pseudo slug flow.The temporal-spatial velocity distributions of the three kinds of slug flows are reconstructed by using the ultrasonic velocity profile measurement.The evolution characteristics of the average velocity profile in slug flows are investigated.A novel method is proposed to derive the liquid film thickness based on the instantaneous velocity profile.The liquid film thickness can be effectively measured by detecting the position and the size of the bubbles nearly below the elongated gas bubble.Compared with the time of flight method,the film thickness measured by the Doppler system shows a higher accuracy as a bubble layer occurs in the film region.The effect of the gas distribution on the film thickness is uncovered in three kinds of slug flows.
文摘The modal wave number tomography approach is used to obtain sound speed profile of water column in deep ocean. The approach consists of estimation of the local modal eigenvalues from complex pressure field and use of these data as input to modal perturbative inversion method for obtaining the local sound speed profile. The empirical orthonormal function (EOF) is applied to reduce the parameter search space. The ocean environment used for numerical simulations includes the Munk profile as the unperturbed background speed profile and a weak Gaussian eddy as the sound speed profile perturbation. The results of numerical simulations show the method is capable of monitoring the oceanic interior structure.
基金partly supported by a grant from the Center of Excellence on Modeling and Control Systems (CEMCS) of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,Iran
文摘The objective of this work is to estimate the accuracy of a predicted velocity profile which can be gained from experimental results, in comparison with the exact ones by the methodology of entropy generation. The analysis is concerned with the entropy generation rate in hydrodynamic, steady, laminar, and incompressible flow for Newtonian fluids in the insulated channels of arbitrary cross section. The entropy generation can be calculated from two local and overall techniques. Adaptation of the results of these techniques depends on the used velocity profile. Results express that in experimental works, whatever the values of local and overall entropy generation rates are close to each other, the results are more accuracy. In order to extent the subject, different geometries have been investigated. Also, the influence studied, and the distribution of volumetric geometries is drawn. of geometry on the entropy generation rate is local entropy generation rate for the selected geometries is drawn.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.50339010the public welfare projects of Water Resources Ministry of China under contract No.200701026the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education institutions of China under contract No.09KJA170003
文摘Tidal current velocity profile in the near-bed layers has been widely studied. The results showed that velocity profile in the near-bed layer obviously departure from the traditional logarithmic profile, due to the acceleration or deceleration. Although the logarithmic linear profile can reduce the rate of deviation from this, only it is a lower-order approximate solution. In this paper, considering the unsteady and non-linear features of tidal motion, the double logarithmic profile near-bed layers in estuarine and coastal waters is established on the assumption that the turbulent shear stress along the water depth was parabolic distribution, and on the basis of Prandtl＇s mixing length theory and yon Karman＇s self-similar theory. Having been verified the data observed at the West Solent in the south of England, and comparison of the logarithmic linear profile, it found that the double logarithmic profile is more precious than the latter. At last, the discussed results showed that： （1） The parabolic distribution of the tidal shear stresses verified good by the field data and experimental data, can be better reflected the basic features of the tidal shear stress deviating from linear distribution that is downward when to accelerate, upward when to decelerate. （2） The traditional logarithmic velocity profile is the zero-order approximation solution of the double logarithmic profile, the logarithmic linear profile is the first order, and the logarithmic parabolic profile is the second order. （3） Ignoring the conditions of diffusion and convection in the tida movement, the double logarithmic profile can reflect the tidal properties of acceleration or deceleration, so that the calculation of the friction velocity and roughness length are more reasonable. When the acceleration or the deceleration is about zero, the double logarithmic profile becomes the logarithmic profile.
文摘Jet projectile charge （JPC） is a relatively new type of perforating jet mainly used for defeating concrete targets. Velocity profile is an important parameter to investigate the penetration and performance of JPC. Since limited information such as X-ray radiographs and penetration depth can be obtained through the JPC experiment, the numerical simulation and further methodology are needed to depict the mechanism of JPC. This paper describes a mathematical approach based on Matlab to determine JPC velocity profile at various stand offs using three sets of jet data from numerical simulations. X-ray radiographs experimental results have been obtained at two time instants for two selected JPC design to verify the numerical accuracy. The velocity profiles by mathematical approach and simulation show good accordance. The number of experiments can be reduced by numerical simulation and analysis of velocity profiles. This approach can be generalized to any such system where explosive-metal interaction results in formation of jets.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(No.2019QZKK0902)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41601004 and 41702369)Scientific and Technological Project in Henan Province(No.212102310055).
文摘The quadratic rheology model considers the yield stress,viscous stress,turbulent stress and disperse stress,so it is used in this study to derive the velocity profile of debris flows.The quadratic model with the parabolic eddy viscosity was numerically solved,and an analytical solution was derived for the quadratic model with a constant eddy viscosity.These two solutions were compared with the Arai-Takahashi model that excluded the viscous stress and the yield stress.The three models were tested by using 17 experiment cases of debris flows over rigid beds.The results prove that the quadratic model with parabolic and constant eddy viscosities is applicable to muddy and granular flows,whereas the Arai-Takahashi model tends to overestimate the flow velocity near the water surface if a plug-like layer exists.In addition,the von Karman constant and the zero-velocity elevation in the three models are related to sediment concentration.The von Karman constant decreases first and then increases as the sediment concentration increases.The zero-velocity elevation is below the bed surface,likely due to the invalidity of the non-slip boundary condition for the debris flows over fixed beds.
文摘Since 1982, the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(IOCAS) has conducted more than 20 sonobuoy refraction measurement in the area of East China Sea. In 1991, the IOCAS also conducted OBS measurement in the same area. Both the our refraction data and other authors’ refraction data measured in the area of East China Sea have been used to study the crustal velocity structure along the Profile 820 which is across the East China Sea shelf basin, Okinawa Trough, Ryukyu Island, Ryukyu Trench and Philippine Sea in this paper. The ages of the velocity layer have also been determined in this paper.The crustal velocity structure is difference both along the profile 820 and from top to the depth. Along the profile there are three basins and three uplifts. From top to the depth there are 5 velocity layers, which are layers of 1 8～2 2km/s, 2 4～2 8km/s, 3 0～3 6km/s, 4 2～5 1km/s, 5 75～6 0km/s. Based on the velocity structure we can know that the deposit environment was stable between Pliocene and Quaternary along the whole profile except the axis part of Okinawa Trough which had always been active and the deposit florescence was Eocene and the whole area was uplifting in the time of Oligocene and the sediments of that time upon the Diaoyudao uplift and Ryukyu island and also the area of East China Sea shelf basin and Okinawa Trough were denuded. The origination of the East China Sea shelf basin and the Okinawa Trough might be after the deposition of the velocity layer of 5 75～6 0km/s.
文摘In this paper, using the integration method, it is sought to solve the problem for the laminar boundary_layer on a flat plate. At first, a trial function of the velocity profile which satisfies the basical boundary conditions is selected. The coefficients in the trial function awaiting decision are decided by using some numerical results of the boundary_layer differential equations. It is similar to the method proposed by Peng Yichuan, but the former is simpler. According to the method proposed by Peng, when the awaiting decision coefficients of the trial function are decided, it is sought to solve a third power algebraic equation. On the other hand, in this paper, there is only need for solving a linear algebraic equation. Moreover, the accuracy of the results of this paper is higher than that of Peng.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52078493)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2022JJ30700)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars of Hunan(Grant No.2021JJ20057)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Changsha(Grant No.kq2305006)the Innovation Driven Program of Central South University(Grant No.2023CXQD033).
文摘Estimation of velocity profile within mud depth is a long-standing and essential problem in debris flow dynamics.Until now,various velocity profiles have been proposed based on the fitting analysis of experimental measurements,but these are often limited by the observation conditions,such as the number of configured sensors.Therefore,the resulting linear velocity profiles usually exhibit limitations in reproducing the temporal-varied and nonlinear behavior during the debris flow process.In this study,we present a novel approach to explore the debris flow velocity profile in detail upon our previous 3D-HBPSPH numerical model,i.e.,the three-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic model incorporating the Herschel-Bulkley-Papanastasiou rheology.Specifically,we propose a stratification aggregation algorithm for interpreting the details of SPH particles,which enables the recording of temporal velocities of debris flow at different mud depths.To analyze the velocity profile,we introduce a logarithmic-based nonlinear model with two key parameters,that a controlling the shape of velocity profile and b concerning its temporal evolution.We verify the proposed velocity profile and explore its sensitivity using 34 sets of velocity data from three individual flume experiments in previous literature.Our results demonstrate that the proposed temporalvaried nonlinear velocity profile outperforms the previous linear profiles.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Province, China (Grant No. [2018]1048)。
文摘Many studies on how the particle shape affects the discharge flow mainly focus on discharge rates and avalanche statistics. In this study, the effect of the particle shape on the packing fraction and velocities of particles in the silo discharge flow are investigated by using the discrete element method. The time-averaged packing fraction and velocity profiles through the aperture are systematically measured for superelliptical particles with different blockinesses. Increasing the particle blockiness is found to increase resistance to flow and reduce the flow rate. At an identical outlet size, larger particle blockiness leads to lower velocity and packing fraction at the outlet. The packing fraction profiles display evidently the self-similar feature that can be appropriately adjusted by fractional power law. The velocity profiles for particles with different shapes obey a uniform self-similar law that is in accord with previous experimental results, which is compatible with the hypothesis of free fall arch. To further investigate the origin of flow behaviors, the packing fraction and velocity field in the region above the orifice are computed. Based on these observations, the flow rate of superelliptical particles is calculated and in agreement with the simulated data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42174129 and 41374143)the project of"Vice President of Science and Technology"of Changping District,Beijing(Grant No.202502003019)。
文摘The characterization of subsurface formations via the analysis of near-wellbore velocity profiles represents a crucial method in geophysical exploration.This technique enables the evaluation of key parameters,including rock brittleness,wellbore stability,fracturing effects,and invasion extent,thereby enhancing comprehension of formation structures and informing exploration strategies.However,traditional near-wellbore formation velocity imaging methods exhibit two principal limitations.First,these methods lack azimuthal sensitivity,yielding results averaged across all directions.Second,they are computationally intensive and impractical for well-site environments.To address these drawbacks,we developed a rapid 3D velocity imaging method for array acoustic logging instru ments equipped with azimuthal receivers,capable of producing 3D imaging results efficiently.The workflow entails the following steps:(1)Band-pass filtering of logging data to mitigate scattered wave interference caused by formation heterogeneity near the wellbore;(2)combination of receivers with varying detection ranges in each direction to derive radial velocity sequences,followed by integration of ray-tracing theory to obtain 2D velocity distributions;and(3)synthesis of final 3D velocity imaging results via interpolation of these 2D datasets.In the velocity sequence extraction process,we significantly reduced the computational load by employing an adaptive time window,ensuring rapid and stable application in well-site settings.We utilized the finite difference method to construct well models with heteroge neous formations.The compressional and shear wave 3D velocity imaging results derived from synthetic data correlated with the model,demonstrating the azimuthal sensitivity of our proposed method.Furthermore,we applied this method to a well in West China,successfully identifying the azimuth of nearwellbore anisotropy.
基金supported by the Center of Excellence on Instru-mentation Technology and Automation(CEITA),Department of Instru-mentation and Electronics Engineering,Faculty of Engineering,King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok,Thailand。
文摘This study explores the combination of ultrasound technology with a detection algorithm to categorize flow regimes in bubble columns used for aeration in aquaculture.An ultrasonic velocity profiler is used to obtain the standard deviation of the bubble velocity distributed throughout the column.The bubble velocity data for three known flow regimes were used to develop a probability density function(PDF)classification model.The experimental apparatus consisted of a circular tank equipped with a bubble generator and gas hold-up monitoring systems.The flow regimes of the experimental fluid were determined,and the classification was conducted via the PDF method.The results demonstrate that the classification accuracy is not lower than that of traditional machine learning methods.
文摘In this study,the flow characteristics around a group of three piers arranged in tandem were investigated both numerically and experimentally.The simulation utilised the volume of fluid(VOF)model in conjunction with the k–ɛmethod(i.e.,for flow turbulence representations),implemented through the ANSYS FLUENT software,to model the free-surface flow.The simulation results were validated against laboratory measurements obtained using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter.The comparative analysis revealed discrepancies between the simulated and measured maximum velocities within the investigated flow field.However,the numerical results demonstrated a distinct vortex-induced flow pattern following the first pier and throughout the vicinity of the entire pier group,which aligned reasonably well with experimental data.In the heavily narrowed spaces between the piers,simulated velocity profiles were overestimated in the free-surface region and underestimated in the areas near the bed to the mid-stream when compared to measurements.These discrepancies diminished away from the regions with intense vortices,indicating that the employed model was capable of simulating relatively less disturbed flow turbulence.Furthermore,velocity results from both simulations and measurements were compared based on velocity distributions at three different depth ratios(0.15,0.40,and 0.62)to assess vortex characteristic around the piers.This comparison revealed consistent results between experimental and simulated data.This research contributes to a deeper understanding of flow dynamics around complex interactive pier systems,which is critical for designing stable and sustainable hydraulic structures.Furthermore,the insights gained from this study provide valuable information for engineers aiming to develop effective strategies for controlling scour and minimizing destructive vortex effects,thereby guiding the design and maintenance of sustainable infrastructure.
