A distributed turbo codes（ DTC） scheme with log likelihood ratio（ LLR）-based threshold at the relay for a two-hop relay networks is proposed. Different from traditional DTC schemes,the retransmission scheme at the...A distributed turbo codes（ DTC） scheme with log likelihood ratio（ LLR）-based threshold at the relay for a two-hop relay networks is proposed. Different from traditional DTC schemes,the retransmission scheme at the relay,where imperfect decoding occurs,is considered in the proposed scheme. By employing a LLR-based threshold at the relay in the proposed scheme,the reliability of decoder-LLRs can be measured. As a result,only reliable symbols will be forwarded to the destination and a maximum ratio combiner（ MRC） is used to combine signals received from both the source and the relay. In order to obtain the optimal threshold at the relay,an equivalent model of decoderLLRs is investigated,so as to derive the expression of the bit error probability（ BEP） of the proposed scheme under binary phase shift keying（ BPSK） modulation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively mitigate error propagation at the relay and also outperforms other existing methods.展开更多
Fisher [1] proposed a simple method to combine p-values from independent investigations without using detailed information of the original data. In recent years, likelihood-based asymptotic methods have been developed...Fisher [1] proposed a simple method to combine p-values from independent investigations without using detailed information of the original data. In recent years, likelihood-based asymptotic methods have been developed to produce highly accurate p-values. These likelihood-based methods generally required the likelihood function and the standardized maximum likelihood estimates departure calculated in the canonical parameter scale. In this paper, a method is proposed to obtain a p-value by combining the likelihood functions and the standardized maximum likelihood estimates departure of independent investigations for testing a scalar parameter of interest. Examples are presented to illustrate the application of the proposed method and simulation studies are performed to compare the accuracy of the proposed method with Fisher’s method.展开更多
Inference for the difference of two independent normal means has been widely studied in staitstical literature. In this paper, we consider the case that the variances are unknown but with a known relationship between ...Inference for the difference of two independent normal means has been widely studied in staitstical literature. In this paper, we consider the case that the variances are unknown but with a known relationship between them. This situation arises frequently in practice, for example, when two instruments report averaged responses of the same object based on a different number of replicates, the ratio of the variances of the response is then known, and is the ratio of the number of replicates going into each response. A likelihood based method is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed method is very accurate even when the sample sizes are small. Moreover, the proposed method can be extended to the case that the ratio of the variances is unknown.展开更多
The adjacent-categories, continuation-ratio and proportional odds logit-link regression models provide useful extensions of the multinomial logistic model to ordinal response data. We propose fitting these models with...The adjacent-categories, continuation-ratio and proportional odds logit-link regression models provide useful extensions of the multinomial logistic model to ordinal response data. We propose fitting these models with a logarithmic link to allow estimation of different forms of the risk ratio. Each of the resulting ordinal response log-link models is a constrained version of the log multinomial model, the log-link counterpart of the multinomial logistic model. These models can be estimated using software that allows the user to specify the log likelihood as the objective function to be maximized and to impose constraints on the parameter estimates. In example data with a dichotomous covariate, the unconstrained models produced valid coefficient estimates and standard errors, and the constrained models produced plausible results. Models with a single continuous covariate performed well in data simulations, with low bias and mean squared error on average and appropriate confidence interval coverage in admissible solutions. In an application to real data, practical aspects of the fitting of the models are investigated. We conclude that it is feasible to obtain adjusted estimates of the risk ratio for ordinal outcome data.展开更多
Due to the openness of the cognitive radio network, spectrum sensing data falsification （SSDF） can attack the spectrum sensing easily, while there is no effective algorithm proposed in current research work, so this...Due to the openness of the cognitive radio network, spectrum sensing data falsification （SSDF） can attack the spectrum sensing easily, while there is no effective algorithm proposed in current research work, so this paper introduces the malicious users removing to the weight sequential probability radio test （WSPRT）. The terminals＇ weight is weighted by the accuracy of their spectrum sensing information, which can also be used to detect the malicious user. If one terminal owns a low weight, it can be treated as malicious user, and should be removed from the aggregation center. Simulation results show that the improved WSPRT can achieve higher performance compared with the other two conventional sequential detection methods under different number of malicious users.展开更多
在大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)系统中,当接收天线数远远大于发送天线数时,通信信道渐近正交,传统的最小均方误差(Minimum Mean Square Error,MMSE)检测算法能够获得线性近似最优性能,但随着收发天线数增加...在大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)系统中,当接收天线数远远大于发送天线数时,通信信道渐近正交,传统的最小均方误差(Minimum Mean Square Error,MMSE)检测算法能够获得线性近似最优性能,但随着收发天线数增加,MMSE检测算法涉及到高维的矩阵求逆运算,难以应用在实际生活中。因此,文中提出了一种低复杂度的并行共轭梯度软输出检测算法,该算法对传统的共轭梯度(Conjugate Gradient,CG)法进行改进,并行求解共轭方向和优化步长,在提高算法检测性能的同时还加快了算法的收敛速度;然后利用信道编译码中的比特对数似然比近似算法求解出软信息,进一步提升检测算法的性能。通过理论定量地分析了算法的复杂度,并通过仿真实验对不同检测算法在不同判决方式下的误码率性能和收敛速度进行了研究,结果表明:所提出的并行CG软输出检测算法在复杂度降低的情况下,仅需要少量次数的迭代,便能以较快的收敛速度达到近似最佳的MMSE线性检测性能。展开更多
文摘A distributed turbo codes（ DTC） scheme with log likelihood ratio（ LLR）-based threshold at the relay for a two-hop relay networks is proposed. Different from traditional DTC schemes,the retransmission scheme at the relay,where imperfect decoding occurs,is considered in the proposed scheme. By employing a LLR-based threshold at the relay in the proposed scheme,the reliability of decoder-LLRs can be measured. As a result,only reliable symbols will be forwarded to the destination and a maximum ratio combiner（ MRC） is used to combine signals received from both the source and the relay. In order to obtain the optimal threshold at the relay,an equivalent model of decoderLLRs is investigated,so as to derive the expression of the bit error probability（ BEP） of the proposed scheme under binary phase shift keying（ BPSK） modulation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively mitigate error propagation at the relay and also outperforms other existing methods.
文摘Fisher [1] proposed a simple method to combine p-values from independent investigations without using detailed information of the original data. In recent years, likelihood-based asymptotic methods have been developed to produce highly accurate p-values. These likelihood-based methods generally required the likelihood function and the standardized maximum likelihood estimates departure calculated in the canonical parameter scale. In this paper, a method is proposed to obtain a p-value by combining the likelihood functions and the standardized maximum likelihood estimates departure of independent investigations for testing a scalar parameter of interest. Examples are presented to illustrate the application of the proposed method and simulation studies are performed to compare the accuracy of the proposed method with Fisher’s method.
文摘Inference for the difference of two independent normal means has been widely studied in staitstical literature. In this paper, we consider the case that the variances are unknown but with a known relationship between them. This situation arises frequently in practice, for example, when two instruments report averaged responses of the same object based on a different number of replicates, the ratio of the variances of the response is then known, and is the ratio of the number of replicates going into each response. A likelihood based method is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed method is very accurate even when the sample sizes are small. Moreover, the proposed method can be extended to the case that the ratio of the variances is unknown.
文摘The adjacent-categories, continuation-ratio and proportional odds logit-link regression models provide useful extensions of the multinomial logistic model to ordinal response data. We propose fitting these models with a logarithmic link to allow estimation of different forms of the risk ratio. Each of the resulting ordinal response log-link models is a constrained version of the log multinomial model, the log-link counterpart of the multinomial logistic model. These models can be estimated using software that allows the user to specify the log likelihood as the objective function to be maximized and to impose constraints on the parameter estimates. In example data with a dichotomous covariate, the unconstrained models produced valid coefficient estimates and standard errors, and the constrained models produced plausible results. Models with a single continuous covariate performed well in data simulations, with low bias and mean squared error on average and appropriate confidence interval coverage in admissible solutions. In an application to real data, practical aspects of the fitting of the models are investigated. We conclude that it is feasible to obtain adjusted estimates of the risk ratio for ordinal outcome data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61172073)the State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University(RCS2011ZT003)+2 种基金the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Wireless Sensor Network & Communication,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2011005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Ministry of Education of China(2013JBZ001,2012YJS129,2009JBM012)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of China(NCET-12-0766)
文摘Due to the openness of the cognitive radio network, spectrum sensing data falsification （SSDF） can attack the spectrum sensing easily, while there is no effective algorithm proposed in current research work, so this paper introduces the malicious users removing to the weight sequential probability radio test （WSPRT）. The terminals＇ weight is weighted by the accuracy of their spectrum sensing information, which can also be used to detect the malicious user. If one terminal owns a low weight, it can be treated as malicious user, and should be removed from the aggregation center. Simulation results show that the improved WSPRT can achieve higher performance compared with the other two conventional sequential detection methods under different number of malicious users.
文摘卷积码的盲识别是级联码、Turbo码等高性能编码盲识别的基础,这要求卷积码盲识别方法具有较高的抗噪能力.使用接收解调的软判决信息是提高抗噪能力的关键.本文首先通过理论分析,从概率分布的角度解释现有软判决方法抗噪能力不足的原因,即汉明重量较小的候选解向量会严重削弱现有方法的识别正确概率.然后,提出一种基于最小二乘代价函数的解决方案,理论证明它能够有效减轻汉明重量对识别性能的影响.最后,通过仿真实验,对理论分析的结论进行验证.理论和实验表明,所提的新方法能将卷积码盲识别的抗噪能力提升约1d B.
