Metasurfaces and structured light have rapidly advanced over the past few years, from being paradigms to forming functional devices and tailoring special light beams for wide emerging applications. Here, we focus on h...Metasurfaces and structured light have rapidly advanced over the past few years, from being paradigms to forming functional devices and tailoring special light beams for wide emerging applications. Here, we focus on harnessing metasurfaces for structured light manipulation. We review recent advances in shaping structured light by metasurfaces on different platforms（metal, silica, silicon, and fiber）. Structured light manipulation based on plasmonic metasurfaces, reflection-enhanced plasmonic metasurfaces, metasurfaces on fiber facets, dielectric metasurfaces, and sub-wavelength structures on silicon are presented, showing impressive performance.Future trends, challenges, perspectives, and opportunities are also discussed.展开更多
Structured light,also known as tailored light,shaped light,sculpted light,or custom light,refers to a series of special light beams with spatially variant amplitudes and phases,polarization distributions,or more gener...Structured light,also known as tailored light,shaped light,sculpted light,or custom light,refers to a series of special light beams with spatially variant amplitudes and phases,polarization distributions,or more general spatiotemporal profiles.In the past decades,structured light featuring distinct properties and unique spatial or spatiotemporal structures has grown into a significant research field and given rise to many developments from fundamentals to applications.Very recently,integrated structured light manipulation has become an important trend in the frontier of light field manipulation and attracted increasing interest as a highly promising technique for shaping structured light in an integrated,compact,and miniaturized manner.In this article,we give a comprehensive overview of recent advances in integrated structured light manipulation(generation,processing,detection,and application).After briefly introducing the basic concept and development history of structured light,we present representative works in four important aspects of integrated structured light manipulation,including multiple types of integrated structured light generation,many sorts of integrated structured light processing,diverse forms of integrated structured light detection,and various kinds of integrated structured light applications.We focus on summarizing the progress of integrated structured light manipulation from basic theories to cutting-edge technologies,to key devices,and to a wide variety of applications,from orbital angular momentum carrying light beams to more general structured light beams,from passive to active integration platforms,from micro-nano structures and metasurfaces to 2D photonic integrated circuits and 3D photonic chips,from in-plane to out-of-plane,from multiplexing to transformation,from linear to nonlinear,from classical to quantum,from optical communications to optical holography,imaging,microscopy,trapping,tweezers,metrology,etc.Finally,we also discuss in detail the future trends,opportunities,challenges,and solutions,and give a vision for integrated structured light manipulation.展开更多
In the past two decades,metamaterials and metasurfaces[1,2]have been providing a new playground for light manipulation,establishing concepts and experimental platforms that enable structuring light in compact footprin...In the past two decades,metamaterials and metasurfaces[1,2]have been providing a new playground for light manipulation,establishing concepts and experimental platforms that enable structuring light in compact footprints with exceptional benefits for a wide range of technologies.Metasurfaces,in particular,have been developing a paradigm of compactification of optical components,enabling manipulation of the optical wavefront within subwavelength footprints and unprecedented control over all properties of light,from spectrum to polarization,from wavefront shaping to spatial and temporal coherence[3].The progress in the past few years has been truly impressive,bringing many of these concepts from proof-of-concept ideas to practical demonstrations ready for commercialization and deployment.As such,it has become imperative to explore ways to integrate metamaterial and metasurface devices into photonic platforms and enable platforms compatible with existing photonic circuits and systems.展开更多
Metasurfaces,with extremely exotic capabilities to manipulate electromagnetic(EM)waves,have derived a plethora of advanced metadevices with intriguing functionalities.Tremendous endeavors have been mainly devoted to t...Metasurfaces,with extremely exotic capabilities to manipulate electromagnetic(EM)waves,have derived a plethora of advanced metadevices with intriguing functionalities.Tremendous endeavors have been mainly devoted to the static metasurfaces and metadevices,where the functionalities cannot be actively tuned in situ post-fabrication.Due to the in-trinsic advantage of active tunability by external stimulus,graphene has been successively demonstrated as a favorable candidate to empower metasurfaces with remarkably dynamic tunability,and their recent advances are propelling the EM wave manipulations to a new height:from static to dynamic.Here,we review the recent progress on dynamic metasur-faces and metadevices enabled by graphene with the focus on electrically-controlled dynamic manipulation of the EM waves covering the mid-infrared,terahertz,and microwave regimes.The fundamentals of graphene,including basic ma-terial properties and plasmons,are first discussed.Then,graphene-empowered dynamic metasurfaces and met-adevices are divided into two categories,i.e.,metasurfaces with building blocks of structured graphene and hybrid metasurfaces integrated with graphene,and their recent advances in dynamic spectrum manipulation,wavefront shap-ing,polarization control,and frequency conversion in near/far fields and global/local ways are elaborated.In the end,we summarize the progress,outline the remaining challenges,and prospect the potential future developments.展开更多
Polarization singularities beyond the bound states in the continuums(BICs)have garnered significant interest due to their potential for light manipulation.The conservation of topological charge has proven crucial in v...Polarization singularities beyond the bound states in the continuums(BICs)have garnered significant interest due to their potential for light manipulation.The conservation of topological charge has proven crucial in various photonic systems,and it guides the behavior of these singularities,including the generation and annihilation of BICs.This work theoretically reveals the simultaneous generation of two distinct polarization singularity types,which include off-Γaccidental BICs and Dirac-type band degeneracy points.The generation is driven by a quadratic degeneracy of symmetry-protected BICs in a photonic crystal slab.It should be noted that this is achieved through continuously tuning a geometric parameter without breaking symmetry.Importantly,the generation of both singularity types can be explained by the topological charge conservation law.This adherence ensures the stability of these singularities and allows for continuous tuning of their positions in momentum space by continuously tuning a geometric parameter while preserving symmetry.This study presents a novel framework for synthesizing and manipulating complex polarization states by combining polarization singularities from both BICs and band degeneracies and holds promise for application in other wave systems beyond photonics.展开更多
The precise light manipulation with multiple degrees of freedom(Do Fs)—such as orbital angular momentum,polarization,and spatial position—is essential for advancing a wide range of scientific and technological field...The precise light manipulation with multiple degrees of freedom(Do Fs)—such as orbital angular momentum,polarization,and spatial position—is essential for advancing a wide range of scientific and technological fields,including quantum information processing,optical trapping,and microscopy[1,2].展开更多
Holographic optical elements(HOEs)are integral to advancements in optical sensing,augmented reality,solar energy harvesting,biomedical diagnostics,and many other fields,offering precise and versatile light manipulatio...Holographic optical elements(HOEs)are integral to advancements in optical sensing,augmented reality,solar energy harvesting,biomedical diagnostics,and many other fields,offering precise and versatile light manipulation capabilities.This study,to the best of the authors'knowledge,is the first to design and fabricate an HOE mutliwaveguide system using a thermally and environmentally stable photopolymerizable hybrid sol-gel(PHSG)for sensing applications.Using a 476.5 nm recording wavelength,60%diffraction efficiency PHSG holographic waveguides of spatial frequency of 1720 lines/mm were successfully fabricated to function as in-and out-couplers at 632.8 nm and 700 nm wavelength,respectively.The waveguides were integrated into a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)microfluidic system,guiding excitation light of 632.8 nm wavelength into and extracting fluorescence light signal peaking at 700 nm from a location filled with methylene blue water solution.Further,to demonstrate the potential of the proposed optical system,four holographic waveguides were recorded by peristrophic and angular multiplexing in the same location of the material and the input beam was delivered into four spatially separated channels by total internal reflection in the sol-gel layer,thus,successfully highlighting the capabilities and advantages of HOE waveguides for parallel interrogation of multiple locations in a wearable sensor.This study demonstrates the efficiency and versatility of PHSG-based HOE waveguides,underscoring their potential to enhance photonic device design and performance across various optical applications.展开更多
Confining light in an on-chip photonic cavity with strong light-matter interactions is pivotal for numerous applications in optical and quantum sciences.Recently,topological valley photonics has introduced new schemes...Confining light in an on-chip photonic cavity with strong light-matter interactions is pivotal for numerous applications in optical and quantum sciences.Recently,topological valley photonics has introduced new schemes for light confinement with topological protection,enabling robust on-chip light manipulation.Here,we present a topological edge state cavity that confines light within a topological bandgap while robustly guiding it to circulate around the cavity via topological edge states.We demonstrate a giant enhancement in the intrinsic quality factor by three orders of magnitude,while simultaneously increasing the free spectral range from 5.1 to 7.1 GHz through tailoring the radiation leakage and group index of topological valley edge state.Our work provides a novel and robust on-chip cavity platform for a wide range of applications,including high-capacity communications,nonlinear optics,atomic clocks,and quantum photonics.展开更多
Polarization oscillating beams(POB),characterized by variable local polarization states during propagation that are independent of birefringence or nonlinear effects,present a unique platform for light-matter interact...Polarization oscillating beams(POB),characterized by variable local polarization states during propagation that are independent of birefringence or nonlinear effects,present a unique platform for light-matter interactions.However,previous studies have been constrained by a beam superposition framework that identifies scalar beams as orthogonal polarization bases,restricting their extension to accelerating beams.Here,we propose a new framework for constructing POB,where the phase,amplitude,and polarization correspondences between the state-space representation and the real-space dynamics are explored.According to unified rules,concurrent and arbitrary controls of the trajectory,intensity,and polarization state along the optical path of caustic beams are realized.This will expand the theoretical and practical value of POB in classical entanglement,nontrivial optical forces,chirality detection,and other related domains,while potentially offering insights into the multidimensional manipulation of vector fields.展开更多
Compact controlled-NOT(CNOT)gates are essential for achieving large-scale quantum information processing.Recently,metasurfaces have been emerging as a promising miniaturized platform for quantum optics thanks to their...Compact controlled-NOT(CNOT)gates are essential for achieving large-scale quantum information processing.Recently,metasurfaces have been emerging as a promising miniaturized platform for quantum optics thanks to their advanced light field manipulation capability and subwavelength thickness.Here we report,for the first time,to our knowledge,the experimental demonstration of a quantum CNOT gate realized with a single-layer Pancharatnam–Berry phase-based dielectric metasurface.The metasurface completes the functions of three beam splitters,reducing the thickness of the logic gate to the subwavelength scale.The truth table fidelity reaches as high as 94.7%and state fidelities of the generated maximally entangled Bell states exceed 80%.This provides an ultrathin device for quantum information processing and holds promise for advancing quantum technology.展开更多
Deep learning has significantly accelerated the automation of metasurface design and reduced its dependence on empirical approaches.However,it still has not fully demonstrated its capabilities in the most challenging ...Deep learning has significantly accelerated the automation of metasurface design and reduced its dependence on empirical approaches.However,it still has not fully demonstrated its capabilities in the most challenging light field manipulation:3D holography.In this paper,we present a framework that integrates a fully connected forward prediction network with a 3D convolutional inverse design network to design terahertz 3D holographic metasurfaces.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:Chiral optoelectronics,which utilize the unique interactions between circularly polarized(CP)light and chiral materials,open up exciting possibilities in advanced technologies.These devices can detect,emit,...CONSPECTUS:Chiral optoelectronics,which utilize the unique interactions between circularly polarized(CP)light and chiral materials,open up exciting possibilities in advanced technologies.These devices can detect,emit,or manipulate light with specific polarization,enabling applications in secure communication,sensing,and data processing.A key aspect of chiral optoelectronics is the ability to generate or detect optical and electrical signals by controlling or distinguishing CP light based on its polarization direction.This capability is rooted in the selective interaction of CP light with the stereogenic(non-superimposable)molecular geometry of chiral substances,wherein the polarization of CP light aligns with the intrinsic asymmetry of the material.Among the diverse chiral materials explored for this purpose,π-conjugated molecules offer special advantages due to their tunable optoelectronic properties,efficient light−matter interactions,and cost-effective processability.Recent advancements inπ-conjugated molecule research have demonstrated their ability to generate strong chiroptical responses,thereby paving the way for compact and multifunctional device designs.Building on these unique advantages,π-conjugated molecules have advanced organic electronics into rapidly evolving technological fields.The combination of chiralπ-conjugated molecules with organic electronics is anticipated to simplify the fabrication of chiroptical devices,thereby lowering technical barriers and accelerating progress in chiral optoelectronics.This Account introduces strategies for incorporating chiroptical activity into organic optoelectronic devices,focusing on two main approaches:direct incorporation of chiroptical activity intoπ-conjugated polymer semiconductors and integration of chiral organic nanoarchitectures with conventional organic optoelectronic devices.In the first approach,we especially highlight simple methods to induce chiroptical activity in various achiralπ-conjugated polymers through the transfer of chirality from small chiral molecules.This hybrid approach effectively combines the excellent electrical properties and various optical transition properties of achiral polymers with the strong chiroptical activity of small molecules.Moreover,we address a fundamental challenge in achieving chiroptical transitions in planarπ-conjugated polymers,demonstrating the development of low-bandgapπ-conjugated polymers that exhibit both strong chiroptical activity and excellent electrical performance.Another approach,incorporating chiroptical activity into existing organic optoelectronic devices,which have already achieved significant performance advances,presents an effective strategy for high-performance chiral optoelectronics.For this purpose,we introduce the use of supramolecular assemblies ofπ-conjugated molecules to impart chiroptical responses into high-performance optoelectronic systems,utilizing efficient charge transfer of photoexcited electrons in chiroptical supramolecular nanoarchitectures.Additionally,we explore the integration of organic chiral photonic structure into organic optoelectronic systems,which act as optical filters tailored for CP light.These architectures offer unique advantages,including easy processability and seamless compatibility with existing organic electronic platforms.By bridging concepts from chiral organic optoelectronic materials and advanced organic electronics,this work outlines actionable approaches for advancing chiral optoelectronic technologies.These strategies underscore the versatility ofπ-conjugated molecules while also expanding the framework for next-generation applications.As the field of chiral optoelectronics evolves,integrating chiroptical functionalities into organic devices will facilitate transformative innovations in quantum computing,biosensing,and photonic encryption.展开更多
Planar optical elements incorporating space-varying Pancharatnam-Berry phase have revolutionized the manipulation of light fields by enabling continuous control over amplitude,phase,and polarization.While previous res...Planar optical elements incorporating space-varying Pancharatnam-Berry phase have revolutionized the manipulation of light fields by enabling continuous control over amplitude,phase,and polarization.While previous research focusing on linear functionalities using apolar liquid crystals(LCs)has attracted much attention,extending this concept to the nonlinear regime offers unprecedented opportunities for advanced optical processing.Here,we demonstrate the reconfigurable nonlinear Pancharatnam-Berry LC diffractive optics in photopatterned ion-doped ferroelectric nematics.By customizing the spatial phase distribution of efficient second-harmonic excitation,we accomplish programmable beam steering of various optical states towards predefined diffraction directions.Experimental results reveal continuous evolution of diffraction orders,intensity distributions,and polarization states under electrically varying splay conditions,consistent with our theoretical predictions.This work opens new avenues for designing reconfigurable nonlinear beam shaping and steering devices with potential applications in advanced optical and quantum information processing.展开更多
The integrated quantum interferometer has provided a promising route for manipulating and measuring quantum states of light with high precision,requiring negligible optical loss,broad bandwidth,robust fabrication tole...The integrated quantum interferometer has provided a promising route for manipulating and measuring quantum states of light with high precision,requiring negligible optical loss,broad bandwidth,robust fabrication tolerance,and scalability.展开更多
We suggest tailoring of the illumination's complex degree of coherence for imaging specific two-and three-point objects with resolution far exceeding the Rayleigh limit.We first derive a formula for the image inte...We suggest tailoring of the illumination's complex degree of coherence for imaging specific two-and three-point objects with resolution far exceeding the Rayleigh limit.We first derive a formula for the image intensity via the pseudo-mode decomposition and the fast Fourier transform valid for any partially coherent illumination(Schell-like,non-uniformly correlated,twisted)and then show how it can be used for numerical image manipulations.Further,for Schell-model sources,we show the improvement of the two-and three-point resolution to 20%and 40%of the classic Rayleigh distance,respectively.展开更多
Twist phase is a nontrivial statistical phase that only exists in partially coherent fields,which makes the beam carry orbital angular momentum(OAM).In this paper,we introduce a new kind of partially coherent beams ca...Twist phase is a nontrivial statistical phase that only exists in partially coherent fields,which makes the beam carry orbital angular momentum(OAM).In this paper,we introduce a new kind of partially coherent beams carrying high-order twist phase,named generalized high-order twisted partially coherent beams(GHTPCBs).The propagation dynamics such as the spectral density and OAM flux density propagating in free space are investigated numerically with the help of mode superposition and fast Fourier transform(FFT)algorithm.Our results show that the GHTPCBs are capable of self-focusing,and the beam spot during propagation exhibits teardrop-like or the diamond-like shape in some certain cases.Moreover,the influences of the twist order and the twist factor on the OAM flux density during propagation are also illustrated in detail.Finally,we experimentally synthesize the GHTPCBs with controllable twist phase by means of pseudo-mode superposition and measure their spectral density during propagation.The experimental results agree well with the theoretical predictions.Our studies may find applications in nonlinear optics and particle trapping.展开更多
All-dielectric metasurfaces are usually limited because of their static functionality and small scale.In this paper,we use an easy nanofabrication technique to fabricate all-dielectric metasurfaces with the advantages...All-dielectric metasurfaces are usually limited because of their static functionality and small scale.In this paper,we use an easy nanofabrication technique to fabricate all-dielectric metasurfaces with the advantages of having dynamic tunability and a large area.Using an anodized aluminum oxide(AAO)template as an evaporation mask,a large-area metasurface embedded in polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)(>2 cm^(2))is fabricated.The metasurface exhibits remarkable electric dipole(ED)and magnetic dipole(MD)resonances.Based on the solvent-swelling effect of PDMS in 20%toluene,the ED/MD resonance peak shifts dynamically∼40 nm to red.So far,to the best of our knowledge,a large-area metasurface embedded in PDMS and achieved by using the AAO template method has not appeared.展开更多
We experimentally demonstrate the generation of customized Laguerre–Gaussian(LG)beams whose intensity maxima are localized around any desired curves.The principle is to act with appropriate algebraic functions on the...We experimentally demonstrate the generation of customized Laguerre–Gaussian(LG)beams whose intensity maxima are localized around any desired curves.The principle is to act with appropriate algebraic functions on the angular spectra of LG beams.We characterize the propagation properties of these beams and compare them with non-diffraction caustic beams possessing the same intensity profiles.The results manifest that the customized-LG beams can maintain their profiles during propagation and suffer less energy loss than the non-diffraction caustic beams,and hence are able to propagate a longer distance.Moreover,the customized-LG beam exhibits self-healing ability when parts of their bodies are blocked.This new structure beam has potential applications in areas such as optical communication,soliton routing and steering,and optical tweezing.展开更多
Optical bound states in the continuum(BICs)have recently stimulated a research boom,accompanied by demonstrations of abundant exotic phenomena and applications.With ultrahigh quality(Q)factors,optical BICs have powerf...Optical bound states in the continuum(BICs)have recently stimulated a research boom,accompanied by demonstrations of abundant exotic phenomena and applications.With ultrahigh quality(Q)factors,optical BICs have powerful abilities to trap light in optical structures from the continuum of propagation waves in free space.Besides the high Q factors enabled by the confined properties,many hidden topological characteristics were discovered in optical BICs.Especially in periodic structures with well-defined wave vectors,optical BICs were discovered to carry topological charges in momentum space,underlying many unique physical properties.Both high Q factors and topological vortex configurations in momentum space enabled by BICs bring new degrees of freedom to modulate light.BICs have enabled many novel discoveries in light-matter interactions and spin-orbit interactions of light,and BIC applications in lasing and sensing have also been well explored with many advantages.In this paper,we review recent developments of optical BICs in periodic structures,including the physical mechanisms of BICs,explored effects enabled by BICs,and applications of BICs.In the outlook part,we provide a perspective on future developments for BICs.展开更多
Optical metamaterials have presented an innovative method of manipulating light.Hyperbolic metamaterials have an extremely high anisotropy with a hyperbolic dispersion relation.They are able to support high-k modes an...Optical metamaterials have presented an innovative method of manipulating light.Hyperbolic metamaterials have an extremely high anisotropy with a hyperbolic dispersion relation.They are able to support high-k modes and exhibit a high density of states which produce distinctive properties that have been exploited in various applications,such as super-resolution imaging,negative refraction,and enhanced emission control.Here,state-of-the-art hyperbolic metamaterials are reviewed,starting from the fundamental principles to applications of artificially structured hyperbolic media to suggest ways to fuse natural two-dimensional hyperbolic materials.The review concludes by indicating the current challenges and our vision for future applications of hyperbolic metamaterials.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2014CB340004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.61761130082,11774116,11574001,and 11274131)+2 种基金the Royal Society-Newton Advanced Fellowshipthe National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionalsthe Program for HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team
文摘Metasurfaces and structured light have rapidly advanced over the past few years, from being paradigms to forming functional devices and tailoring special light beams for wide emerging applications. Here, we focus on harnessing metasurfaces for structured light manipulation. We review recent advances in shaping structured light by metasurfaces on different platforms（metal, silica, silicon, and fiber）. Structured light manipulation based on plasmonic metasurfaces, reflection-enhanced plasmonic metasurfaces, metasurfaces on fiber facets, dielectric metasurfaces, and sub-wavelength structures on silicon are presented, showing impressive performance.Future trends, challenges, perspectives, and opportunities are also discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62125503 and 62261160388)and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(No.2023AFA028).
文摘Structured light,also known as tailored light,shaped light,sculpted light,or custom light,refers to a series of special light beams with spatially variant amplitudes and phases,polarization distributions,or more general spatiotemporal profiles.In the past decades,structured light featuring distinct properties and unique spatial or spatiotemporal structures has grown into a significant research field and given rise to many developments from fundamentals to applications.Very recently,integrated structured light manipulation has become an important trend in the frontier of light field manipulation and attracted increasing interest as a highly promising technique for shaping structured light in an integrated,compact,and miniaturized manner.In this article,we give a comprehensive overview of recent advances in integrated structured light manipulation(generation,processing,detection,and application).After briefly introducing the basic concept and development history of structured light,we present representative works in four important aspects of integrated structured light manipulation,including multiple types of integrated structured light generation,many sorts of integrated structured light processing,diverse forms of integrated structured light detection,and various kinds of integrated structured light applications.We focus on summarizing the progress of integrated structured light manipulation from basic theories to cutting-edge technologies,to key devices,and to a wide variety of applications,from orbital angular momentum carrying light beams to more general structured light beams,from passive to active integration platforms,from micro-nano structures and metasurfaces to 2D photonic integrated circuits and 3D photonic chips,from in-plane to out-of-plane,from multiplexing to transformation,from linear to nonlinear,from classical to quantum,from optical communications to optical holography,imaging,microscopy,trapping,tweezers,metrology,etc.Finally,we also discuss in detail the future trends,opportunities,challenges,and solutions,and give a vision for integrated structured light manipulation.
文摘In the past two decades,metamaterials and metasurfaces[1,2]have been providing a new playground for light manipulation,establishing concepts and experimental platforms that enable structuring light in compact footprints with exceptional benefits for a wide range of technologies.Metasurfaces,in particular,have been developing a paradigm of compactification of optical components,enabling manipulation of the optical wavefront within subwavelength footprints and unprecedented control over all properties of light,from spectrum to polarization,from wavefront shaping to spatial and temporal coherence[3].The progress in the past few years has been truly impressive,bringing many of these concepts from proof-of-concept ideas to practical demonstrations ready for commercialization and deployment.As such,it has become imperative to explore ways to integrate metamaterial and metasurface devices into photonic platforms and enable platforms compatible with existing photonic circuits and systems.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0303800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61805277, 11634010, 91950207, 11974283, 11774290)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3102017AX009, 3102019PY002, 3102019JC008)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi (2019JQ-447, 2020JM-130)
文摘Metasurfaces,with extremely exotic capabilities to manipulate electromagnetic(EM)waves,have derived a plethora of advanced metadevices with intriguing functionalities.Tremendous endeavors have been mainly devoted to the static metasurfaces and metadevices,where the functionalities cannot be actively tuned in situ post-fabrication.Due to the in-trinsic advantage of active tunability by external stimulus,graphene has been successively demonstrated as a favorable candidate to empower metasurfaces with remarkably dynamic tunability,and their recent advances are propelling the EM wave manipulations to a new height:from static to dynamic.Here,we review the recent progress on dynamic metasur-faces and metadevices enabled by graphene with the focus on electrically-controlled dynamic manipulation of the EM waves covering the mid-infrared,terahertz,and microwave regimes.The fundamentals of graphene,including basic ma-terial properties and plasmons,are first discussed.Then,graphene-empowered dynamic metasurfaces and met-adevices are divided into two categories,i.e.,metasurfaces with building blocks of structured graphene and hybrid metasurfaces integrated with graphene,and their recent advances in dynamic spectrum manipulation,wavefront shap-ing,polarization control,and frequency conversion in near/far fields and global/local ways are elaborated.In the end,we summarize the progress,outline the remaining challenges,and prospect the potential future developments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11974259 and 12274241)。
文摘Polarization singularities beyond the bound states in the continuums(BICs)have garnered significant interest due to their potential for light manipulation.The conservation of topological charge has proven crucial in various photonic systems,and it guides the behavior of these singularities,including the generation and annihilation of BICs.This work theoretically reveals the simultaneous generation of two distinct polarization singularity types,which include off-Γaccidental BICs and Dirac-type band degeneracy points.The generation is driven by a quadratic degeneracy of symmetry-protected BICs in a photonic crystal slab.It should be noted that this is achieved through continuously tuning a geometric parameter without breaking symmetry.Importantly,the generation of both singularity types can be explained by the topological charge conservation law.This adherence ensures the stability of these singularities and allows for continuous tuning of their positions in momentum space by continuously tuning a geometric parameter while preserving symmetry.This study presents a novel framework for synthesizing and manipulating complex polarization states by combining polarization singularities from both BICs and band degeneracies and holds promise for application in other wave systems beyond photonics.
文摘The precise light manipulation with multiple degrees of freedom(Do Fs)—such as orbital angular momentum,polarization,and spatial position—is essential for advancing a wide range of scientific and technological fields,including quantum information processing,optical trapping,and microscopy[1,2].
基金European Space Agency(4000129503/20/NL/PG/pt)Science Foundation Ireland(20/FFP-P/8851)。
文摘Holographic optical elements(HOEs)are integral to advancements in optical sensing,augmented reality,solar energy harvesting,biomedical diagnostics,and many other fields,offering precise and versatile light manipulation capabilities.This study,to the best of the authors'knowledge,is the first to design and fabricate an HOE mutliwaveguide system using a thermally and environmentally stable photopolymerizable hybrid sol-gel(PHSG)for sensing applications.Using a 476.5 nm recording wavelength,60%diffraction efficiency PHSG holographic waveguides of spatial frequency of 1720 lines/mm were successfully fabricated to function as in-and out-couplers at 632.8 nm and 700 nm wavelength,respectively.The waveguides were integrated into a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)microfluidic system,guiding excitation light of 632.8 nm wavelength into and extracting fluorescence light signal peaking at 700 nm from a location filled with methylene blue water solution.Further,to demonstrate the potential of the proposed optical system,four holographic waveguides were recorded by peristrophic and angular multiplexing in the same location of the material and the input beam was delivered into four spatially separated channels by total internal reflection in the sol-gel layer,thus,successfully highlighting the capabilities and advantages of HOE waveguides for parallel interrogation of multiple locations in a wearable sensor.This study demonstrates the efficiency and versatility of PHSG-based HOE waveguides,underscoring their potential to enhance photonic device design and performance across various optical applications.
基金funding support from National Research Foundation(NRF)Singapore,Grant No:NRF-CRP23-2019-0005(TERACOMM)NRF-MSG-2023-0002.
文摘Confining light in an on-chip photonic cavity with strong light-matter interactions is pivotal for numerous applications in optical and quantum sciences.Recently,topological valley photonics has introduced new schemes for light confinement with topological protection,enabling robust on-chip light manipulation.Here,we present a topological edge state cavity that confines light within a topological bandgap while robustly guiding it to circulate around the cavity via topological edge states.We demonstrate a giant enhancement in the intrinsic quality factor by three orders of magnitude,while simultaneously increasing the free spectral range from 5.1 to 7.1 GHz through tailoring the radiation leakage and group index of topological valley edge state.Our work provides a novel and robust on-chip cavity platform for a wide range of applications,including high-capacity communications,nonlinear optics,atomic clocks,and quantum photonics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12474299,and 12174338).
文摘Polarization oscillating beams(POB),characterized by variable local polarization states during propagation that are independent of birefringence or nonlinear effects,present a unique platform for light-matter interactions.However,previous studies have been constrained by a beam superposition framework that identifies scalar beams as orthogonal polarization bases,restricting their extension to accelerating beams.Here,we propose a new framework for constructing POB,where the phase,amplitude,and polarization correspondences between the state-space representation and the real-space dynamics are explored.According to unified rules,concurrent and arbitrary controls of the trajectory,intensity,and polarization state along the optical path of caustic beams are realized.This will expand the theoretical and practical value of POB in classical entanglement,nontrivial optical forces,chirality detection,and other related domains,while potentially offering insights into the multidimensional manipulation of vector fields.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12134001,11527901,61590933)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB1107205)Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0301500)。
文摘Compact controlled-NOT(CNOT)gates are essential for achieving large-scale quantum information processing.Recently,metasurfaces have been emerging as a promising miniaturized platform for quantum optics thanks to their advanced light field manipulation capability and subwavelength thickness.Here we report,for the first time,to our knowledge,the experimental demonstration of a quantum CNOT gate realized with a single-layer Pancharatnam–Berry phase-based dielectric metasurface.The metasurface completes the functions of three beam splitters,reducing the thickness of the logic gate to the subwavelength scale.The truth table fidelity reaches as high as 94.7%and state fidelities of the generated maximally entangled Bell states exceed 80%.This provides an ultrathin device for quantum information processing and holds promise for advancing quantum technology.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62027820,61975143,62375203,62175180,61735012)。
文摘Deep learning has significantly accelerated the automation of metasurface design and reduced its dependence on empirical approaches.However,it still has not fully demonstrated its capabilities in the most challenging light field manipulation:3D holography.In this paper,we present a framework that integrates a fully connected forward prediction network with a 3D convolutional inverse design network to design terahertz 3D holographic metasurfaces.
基金supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award number FA2386-24-1-4030This study was also part of the Future Resource Research Program of the Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)(2E33853)+1 种基金Ministry of CultureSports and Tourism(MCST)and Korea Creative Content Agency(KOCCA)in the Culture Technology(CT)Research&Development Program 2024(RS-2024-00439361)。
文摘CONSPECTUS:Chiral optoelectronics,which utilize the unique interactions between circularly polarized(CP)light and chiral materials,open up exciting possibilities in advanced technologies.These devices can detect,emit,or manipulate light with specific polarization,enabling applications in secure communication,sensing,and data processing.A key aspect of chiral optoelectronics is the ability to generate or detect optical and electrical signals by controlling or distinguishing CP light based on its polarization direction.This capability is rooted in the selective interaction of CP light with the stereogenic(non-superimposable)molecular geometry of chiral substances,wherein the polarization of CP light aligns with the intrinsic asymmetry of the material.Among the diverse chiral materials explored for this purpose,π-conjugated molecules offer special advantages due to their tunable optoelectronic properties,efficient light−matter interactions,and cost-effective processability.Recent advancements inπ-conjugated molecule research have demonstrated their ability to generate strong chiroptical responses,thereby paving the way for compact and multifunctional device designs.Building on these unique advantages,π-conjugated molecules have advanced organic electronics into rapidly evolving technological fields.The combination of chiralπ-conjugated molecules with organic electronics is anticipated to simplify the fabrication of chiroptical devices,thereby lowering technical barriers and accelerating progress in chiral optoelectronics.This Account introduces strategies for incorporating chiroptical activity into organic optoelectronic devices,focusing on two main approaches:direct incorporation of chiroptical activity intoπ-conjugated polymer semiconductors and integration of chiral organic nanoarchitectures with conventional organic optoelectronic devices.In the first approach,we especially highlight simple methods to induce chiroptical activity in various achiralπ-conjugated polymers through the transfer of chirality from small chiral molecules.This hybrid approach effectively combines the excellent electrical properties and various optical transition properties of achiral polymers with the strong chiroptical activity of small molecules.Moreover,we address a fundamental challenge in achieving chiroptical transitions in planarπ-conjugated polymers,demonstrating the development of low-bandgapπ-conjugated polymers that exhibit both strong chiroptical activity and excellent electrical performance.Another approach,incorporating chiroptical activity into existing organic optoelectronic devices,which have already achieved significant performance advances,presents an effective strategy for high-performance chiral optoelectronics.For this purpose,we introduce the use of supramolecular assemblies ofπ-conjugated molecules to impart chiroptical responses into high-performance optoelectronic systems,utilizing efficient charge transfer of photoexcited electrons in chiroptical supramolecular nanoarchitectures.Additionally,we explore the integration of organic chiral photonic structure into organic optoelectronic systems,which act as optical filters tailored for CP light.These architectures offer unique advantages,including easy processability and seamless compatibility with existing organic electronic platforms.By bridging concepts from chiral organic optoelectronic materials and advanced organic electronics,this work outlines actionable approaches for advancing chiral optoelectronic technologies.These strategies underscore the versatility ofπ-conjugated molecules while also expanding the framework for next-generation applications.As the field of chiral optoelectronics evolves,integrating chiroptical functionalities into organic devices will facilitate transformative innovations in quantum computing,biosensing,and photonic encryption.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFA1405000(Y.-Q.L.,L.-L.M.)and 2021YFA1202000(L.-L.M.))National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.T2488302(Y.-Q.L.),62375119(L.-L.M.),and 62305157(W.C.))+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20243067(Y.-Q.L.)and BK20232040(L.-L.M.))Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2024300360 and 2025300215(L.-L.M.)).
文摘Planar optical elements incorporating space-varying Pancharatnam-Berry phase have revolutionized the manipulation of light fields by enabling continuous control over amplitude,phase,and polarization.While previous research focusing on linear functionalities using apolar liquid crystals(LCs)has attracted much attention,extending this concept to the nonlinear regime offers unprecedented opportunities for advanced optical processing.Here,we demonstrate the reconfigurable nonlinear Pancharatnam-Berry LC diffractive optics in photopatterned ion-doped ferroelectric nematics.By customizing the spatial phase distribution of efficient second-harmonic excitation,we accomplish programmable beam steering of various optical states towards predefined diffraction directions.Experimental results reveal continuous evolution of diffraction orders,intensity distributions,and polarization states under electrically varying splay conditions,consistent with our theoretical predictions.This work opens new avenues for designing reconfigurable nonlinear beam shaping and steering devices with potential applications in advanced optical and quantum information processing.
基金National Research Foundation of Korea(2023M3K5A1094805, RS-2024-00343768)National Research Council of Science and Technology (CAP21034-000)+1 种基金Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion (2020-0-00972, RS-2024-00396999,RS-2023-00222863)Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) research program (2E33541, 2E33571)
文摘The integrated quantum interferometer has provided a promising route for manipulating and measuring quantum states of light with high precision,requiring negligible optical loss,broad bandwidth,robust fabrication tolerance,and scalability.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0705000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11525418,11874046,11947239,11974218,and 91750201)+1 种基金theInnovation Group of Jinan(No.2018GXRC010)the China PostdoctoralScience Foundation(No.2019M662424)。
文摘We suggest tailoring of the illumination's complex degree of coherence for imaging specific two-and three-point objects with resolution far exceeding the Rayleigh limit.We first derive a formula for the image intensity via the pseudo-mode decomposition and the fast Fourier transform valid for any partially coherent illumination(Schell-like,non-uniformly correlated,twisted)and then show how it can be used for numerical image manipulations.Further,for Schell-model sources,we show the improvement of the two-and three-point resolution to 20%and 40%of the classic Rayleigh distance,respectively.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0705000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11874046,11974218,11904247,12104263,12174279,and 12192254)+1 种基金Innovation Group of Jinan(No.2018GXRC010)Local Science and Technology Development Project of the Central Government(No.YDZX20203700001766).
文摘Twist phase is a nontrivial statistical phase that only exists in partially coherent fields,which makes the beam carry orbital angular momentum(OAM).In this paper,we introduce a new kind of partially coherent beams carrying high-order twist phase,named generalized high-order twisted partially coherent beams(GHTPCBs).The propagation dynamics such as the spectral density and OAM flux density propagating in free space are investigated numerically with the help of mode superposition and fast Fourier transform(FFT)algorithm.Our results show that the GHTPCBs are capable of self-focusing,and the beam spot during propagation exhibits teardrop-like or the diamond-like shape in some certain cases.Moreover,the influences of the twist order and the twist factor on the OAM flux density during propagation are also illustrated in detail.Finally,we experimentally synthesize the GHTPCBs with controllable twist phase by means of pseudo-mode superposition and measure their spectral density during propagation.The experimental results agree well with the theoretical predictions.Our studies may find applications in nonlinear optics and particle trapping.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62075040)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFF0701100)。
文摘All-dielectric metasurfaces are usually limited because of their static functionality and small scale.In this paper,we use an easy nanofabrication technique to fabricate all-dielectric metasurfaces with the advantages of having dynamic tunability and a large area.Using an anodized aluminum oxide(AAO)template as an evaporation mask,a large-area metasurface embedded in polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)(>2 cm^(2))is fabricated.The metasurface exhibits remarkable electric dipole(ED)and magnetic dipole(MD)resonances.Based on the solvent-swelling effect of PDMS in 20%toluene,the ED/MD resonance peak shifts dynamically∼40 nm to red.So far,to the best of our knowledge,a large-area metasurface embedded in PDMS and achieved by using the AAO template method has not appeared.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.12104358,12104361,and 92050103)Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics(No.22JSZ004).
文摘We experimentally demonstrate the generation of customized Laguerre–Gaussian(LG)beams whose intensity maxima are localized around any desired curves.The principle is to act with appropriate algebraic functions on the angular spectra of LG beams.We characterize the propagation properties of these beams and compare them with non-diffraction caustic beams possessing the same intensity profiles.The results manifest that the customized-LG beams can maintain their profiles during propagation and suffer less energy loss than the non-diffraction caustic beams,and hence are able to propagate a longer distance.Moreover,the customized-LG beam exhibits self-healing ability when parts of their bodies are blocked.This new structure beam has potential applications in areas such as optical communication,soliton routing and steering,and optical tweezing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12234007,12221004,12321161645,62325501,62135001,12074049,and 12147102)the National Key R and D Program of China(Nos.2022YFA1404804,2021YFA1400603,and 2023YFA1406900)+4 种基金the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.T2394480 and T2394481)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Nos.22142200400,21DZ1101500,2019SHZDZX01,and 23DZ2260100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2022CDJQY-007)supported by the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20230079)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M740721).
文摘Optical bound states in the continuum(BICs)have recently stimulated a research boom,accompanied by demonstrations of abundant exotic phenomena and applications.With ultrahigh quality(Q)factors,optical BICs have powerful abilities to trap light in optical structures from the continuum of propagation waves in free space.Besides the high Q factors enabled by the confined properties,many hidden topological characteristics were discovered in optical BICs.Especially in periodic structures with well-defined wave vectors,optical BICs were discovered to carry topological charges in momentum space,underlying many unique physical properties.Both high Q factors and topological vortex configurations in momentum space enabled by BICs bring new degrees of freedom to modulate light.BICs have enabled many novel discoveries in light-matter interactions and spin-orbit interactions of light,and BIC applications in lasing and sensing have also been well explored with many advantages.In this paper,we review recent developments of optical BICs in periodic structures,including the physical mechanisms of BICs,explored effects enabled by BICs,and applications of BICs.In the outlook part,we provide a perspective on future developments for BICs.
基金POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center program funded by POSCOPOSTECH-Samsung Semiconductor Research Center(IO201215-08187-01)funded by Samsung ElectronicsNational Research Foundation(NRF)grant(NRF-2019R1A2C3003129)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT,Republic of Korea.
文摘Optical metamaterials have presented an innovative method of manipulating light.Hyperbolic metamaterials have an extremely high anisotropy with a hyperbolic dispersion relation.They are able to support high-k modes and exhibit a high density of states which produce distinctive properties that have been exploited in various applications,such as super-resolution imaging,negative refraction,and enhanced emission control.Here,state-of-the-art hyperbolic metamaterials are reviewed,starting from the fundamental principles to applications of artificially structured hyperbolic media to suggest ways to fuse natural two-dimensional hyperbolic materials.The review concludes by indicating the current challenges and our vision for future applications of hyperbolic metamaterials.
