For the car sequencing（CS） problem, the draw-backs of the ＂sliding windows＂ technique used in the objective function have not been rectified, and no high quality initial solution has been acquired to accelerate th...For the car sequencing（CS） problem, the draw-backs of the ＂sliding windows＂ technique used in the objective function have not been rectified, and no high quality initial solution has been acquired to accelerate the improvement of the solution quality. Firstly, the objective function is improved to solve the double and bias counting of violations broadly discussed. Then, a new method combining heuristic with constraint propagation is proposed which constructs initial solutions under a parallel framework. Based on constraint propagation, three filtering rules are designed to intersecting with three greedy functions, so the variable domain is narrowed in the process of the construction. The parallel framework is served to show its robustness in terms of the quality of the solution since it greatly increases the performance of obtaining the best solution. In the computational experiments, 109 instances of 3 sets from the CSPLib＇ s benchmarks are used to test the performance of the proposed method. Experiment results show that the proposed method outperforms others in acquiring the best-known results for 85 best-known results of 109 are obtained with only one construction. The proposed research provides an avenue to remedy the deficiencies of ＂sliding windows＂ technique and construct high quality initial solutions.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the evolution of the legal system of farmland protection and explore the rules and characteristics of policy development based on the theory and logic of institutional change since China's r...[Objectives]To explore the evolution of the legal system of farmland protection and explore the rules and characteristics of policy development based on the theory and logic of institutional change since China's reform and opening up,reveal the problems and deep-seated reasons of its legislation,clarify the direction of farmland protection in the new period,and solve the"non-agricultural""non-grain"and ecological problems of farmland.[Methods]Literature analysis and inductive deduction methods were used.[Results]The evolution of the farmland protection legal system has gone through the process of"national consciousness-policy guidelines-institutional system",the change from"single subject to multiple subjects";change from the use of"one-way administrative means to coordinated use of administrative,economic and technical means".The practical problems of the farmland protection legal system are mainly due to the insufficient systematization of the farmland protection legal system itself,the generalization of quantity protection,the transformation of quality protection,and the absence of ecological protection.[Conclusions]It is recommended to improve the existing farmland protection legal system from the establishment of the Farmland Protection Law,the improvement of the farmland protection public participation mechanism and supervision mechanism,the establishment of the farmland quality construction and improvement system,the differentiated farmland occupation and supplementation balance system,and the ecological restoration system.展开更多
As the extension and supplement of explicit curriculum,the English hidden curriculum in higher vocational colleges plays animportant role in cultivating students' behaviors,stimulate their interest and arouse thei...As the extension and supplement of explicit curriculum,the English hidden curriculum in higher vocational colleges plays animportant role in cultivating students' behaviors,stimulate their interest and arouse their enthusiasm,initiative and creativity in learningEnglish.This paper analyzes the problems of English hidden curriculum construction in higher vocational colleges under the back-ground o"fInternet plus",and puts forward some corresponding countermeasures to bring the role of college English hidden curriculuminto full play.展开更多
This paper develops an extended newsboy model and presents a formula- tion for this model. This new model has solved the budget contained multi-product newsboy problem with the reactive production. This model can be u...This paper develops an extended newsboy model and presents a formula- tion for this model. This new model has solved the budget contained multi-product newsboy problem with the reactive production. This model can be used to describe the status of entrepreneurial network construction. We use the Lagrange multiplier procedure to deal with our problem, but it is too complicated to get the exact solu-tion. So we introduce the homotopy method to deal with it. We give the flow chart to describe how to get the solution via the homotopy method. We also illustrate our model in both the classical procedure and the homotopy method. Comparing the two methods, we can see that the homotopy method is more exact and efficient.展开更多
Through careful study, it found that the key and difficult points of affecting and restricting Xi＇an to reach the model city construction standards in provincial and national levels were ＂urban air environment quali...Through careful study, it found that the key and difficult points of affecting and restricting Xi＇an to reach the model city construction standards in provincial and national levels were ＂urban air environment quality standards＂ and ＂water qualification rate of urban water environment function area＂. In order to tackle with the weak links, highlight the important points and focus on the difficult points to strengthen scientific and technological innovation, we actively explored new ideas and ways to resolve the dilemma in meeting the two standards of model city construction, and we managed to put forward the countermeasures to resolve the dilemma through innovating system and mechanism. ＂Place master system＂ should be carded out quickly to meet the ＂urban air environment quality standards＂, while ＂river master system＂ should be implemented as soon as possible to reach the ＂water qualification rate of urban water environment function area＂. The aim of this study was to enhance the qualification rates of the indicators for model city construction to make Xi＇an successfully pass the provincial and national assessment of model city construction through dealing with the weak links to accelerate the realization of becoming model environmental protection city.展开更多
The installation of mechanical and electrical equipment is a very complex work;the installation process involves more processes and types of work. Therefore, we must pay full attention to the installation of mechanica...The installation of mechanical and electrical equipment is a very complex work;the installation process involves more processes and types of work. Therefore, we must pay full attention to the installation of mechanical and electrical equipment in the usual work process, and pay attention to fully accumulate all kinds of experience in the process of practice, so as to better create a new process and technology. In addition, professionals need to effectively analyze the main causes of various problems, and adopt relevant measures to directly solve the problems, so as to better ensure the quality of the installation equipment.展开更多
The design quality of construction drawing of building structure is an important basis of engineering construction quality, which can fully reflect the design concept. Any problems existing in the design of constructi...The design quality of construction drawing of building structure is an important basis of engineering construction quality, which can fully reflect the design concept. Any problems existing in the design of construction drawing will affect the safety of building. At the same time, the design of construction drawing has certain technical content, which reflects the architects grasp of the scheme and the ability to apply technology. Therefore, in order to conscientiously implement the relevant regulations of national architectural design and improve the design quality of structural construction drawings, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the design of structural construction drawings of architectural engineering, and puts forward some improvement suggestions for reference by structural construction drawing designers.展开更多
Intelligent building is to adopt intelligent technology and implement construction according to construction objectives. At the same time, intelligent building has the characteristics of energy saving, systematization...Intelligent building is to adopt intelligent technology and implement construction according to construction objectives. At the same time, intelligent building has the characteristics of energy saving, systematization and specialization. Systematization mainly refers to the systematization of engineering construction work and building information in the construction process, and the effective combination of information technology, building performance and communication technology, so as to ensure the safety of the whole project construction. In addition, the main core technology of specialization is digital technology, which also has higher requirements for the intelligent technology of project construction managers. Energy saving refers to the use of digital technology, scientific arrangement of various resources, to ensure the effective use of building resources.展开更多
Budget management is to check and calculate the funds needed for the overall construction operation of the construction project in advance. This work takes place in the preparation of the construction project. The com...Budget management is to check and calculate the funds needed for the overall construction operation of the construction project in advance. This work takes place in the preparation of the construction project. The compilation basis includes construction documents, construction indicators, etc., and the cost is controlled by the development of the project budget work. However, combined with the current situation of budget management and control in the field of domestic construction, the overall professional quality of managers needs to be improved, which requires managers to conduct in-depth analysis, explore its inducing factors, and put forward targeted solutions. Next, the article on the construction project budget management problems and countermeasures are discussed.展开更多
Building curtain wall is a common decorative wall in modern high-rise buildings and large buildings. Its quality is directly related to people's personal and property safety, and curtain wall quality has attracted...Building curtain wall is a common decorative wall in modern high-rise buildings and large buildings. Its quality is directly related to people's personal and property safety, and curtain wall quality has attracted more and more attention. This paper analyzes the construction technology of building curtain wall and some problems encountered in quality control and countermeasures.展开更多
At present, China's social and economic development is accelerating, and the quality and overall level of municipal road projects have been greatly improved. However, with the prosperity of traffic, road traffic c...At present, China's social and economic development is accelerating, and the quality and overall level of municipal road projects have been greatly improved. However, with the prosperity of traffic, road traffic congestion and road aging problems have become increasingly prominent. The renovation project of old municipal roads has gradually become the focus of attention. The transformation of municipal roads is imminent. Therefore, we must strictly control the construction quality of the old road renovation project municipal roads, ensure the control and measurement of the old road renovation project municipal roads, and then improve the overall environmental level of the city, increase the residents' sense of belonging, and promote the rapid development of the urbanization process .展开更多
Sponge city refers to a new urban construction concept used to solve urban flood disasters and water ecological problems.It is important for the construction of ecological civilization.It plays an important role in th...Sponge city refers to a new urban construction concept used to solve urban flood disasters and water ecological problems.It is important for the construction of ecological civilization.It plays an important role in the green development and livability of the city.In the construction of a sponge city,it is necessary to make special urban planning and improve the top-level design.In recent years,China has developed a number of sponge city pilot projects.The numerous experiments act as important references for the urban construction in China.This paper mainly analyzes the requirements for the construction of sponge city and discusses several problems as well as solutions in the construction.展开更多
Under the background of sustainable development of social economy and comprehensive progress of construction engineering industry, prefabricated building engineering technology arises at the historic moment. This tech...Under the background of sustainable development of social economy and comprehensive progress of construction engineering industry, prefabricated building engineering technology arises at the historic moment. This technology gives play to the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, ecological and environmental protection in practical application, and is one of the key technical supports for the future development of the construction engineering industry. However, at present, the research and application of prefabricated building technology in China is still in the initial stage. There are some quality problems in component production, assembly construction and other links, which need to be further studied and gradually improved. This paper expounds the characteristics of the production and construction technology of prefabricated buildings, analyzes the quality problems existing in the current production process and construction and assembly process, and puts forward the improvement plan for these problems for reference.展开更多
Through the effective exploration of the geotechnical engineering survey and design work and the hydrogeological related problems, the potential bad problems in the geotechnical engineering construction stage and the ...Through the effective exploration of the geotechnical engineering survey and design work and the hydrogeological related problems, the potential bad problems in the geotechnical engineering construction stage and the design stage can be clarified. Targeted hydrogeological survey can effectively improve the safety of geotechnical construction and the reliability of construction operation. This paper deeply and effectively analyzes and explores the hydrogeological survey work in order to provide a reference for the smooth and effective development of geotechnical engineering.展开更多
For colleges and universities, it is of great significance to strengthen the construction of college students' party branches. It can not only cultivate excellent talents in colleges and universities, but also pro...For colleges and universities, it is of great significance to strengthen the construction of college students' party branches. It can not only cultivate excellent talents in colleges and universities, but also promote the smooth development of party construction in colleges and universities and the continuous development of higher education. Therefore, in the process of education and teaching in colleges and universities, we should attach importance to the construction of party branches, effectively play the role of party organizations in the process of education and management in colleges and universities, and implement the work model of party construction in colleges and universities. This paper probes into the problems existing in the construction of college students' party branches and the optimization measures.展开更多
Based on the rapid development of society, traffic engineering has become the focus of people's continuous attention, especially the construction quality of municipal roads and bridges is related to the overall qu...Based on the rapid development of society, traffic engineering has become the focus of people's continuous attention, especially the construction quality of municipal roads and bridges is related to the overall quality of infrastructure projects, and it also promotes the steady progress of the national economy. However, there are some quality problems in the process of municipal road and bridge construction. The construction unit must solve the quality problems one by one with a strong sense of responsibility, so that the road and bridge construction quality can be greatly improved and the service life of the road can be scientifically extended. Based on this, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the common quality problems in municipal road and bridge construction, briefly describes the main factors that affect the construction quality, and puts forward scientific measures to ensure the construction quality in each stage, so as to promote the construction level of municipal roads and bridges in China to a new height.展开更多
Accelerating the market-oriented reform of Chinas state-owned construction institutions is of great significance to the long-term and stable development of Chinas state-owned construction institutions and lays a good ...Accelerating the market-oriented reform of Chinas state-owned construction institutions is of great significance to the long-term and stable development of Chinas state-owned construction institutions and lays a good foundation for the long-term development of Chinas state-owned construction undertakings. Electromechanical engineering is an important part of building engineering, and its efficient implementation is an important guarantee to ensure the service function of building. Relatively speaking, due to the complicated work flow of mechanical and electrical engineering, it will be influenced by many objective factors, which objectively increases the construction difficulty of the whole project. Based on this, this paper will mainly analyze the management problems existing in the construction process of mechanical and electrical engineering, and put forward relevant optimization measures.展开更多
With the development of economic situation and the intensification of market competition, the construction of internal control is becoming more and more important to the enterprise itself. Under the new development ba...With the development of economic situation and the intensification of market competition, the construction of internal control is becoming more and more important to the enterprise itself. Under the new development background, enterprises must actively and effectively control all business management processes, especially internal control, and establish a sound internal control system to ensure higher economic efficiency. On this basis, this paper deeply analyzes the problems in the construction of internal control system at the present stage and discusses the effective countermeasures, which provides an effective reference for improving the quality of enterprise internal control.展开更多
The maize mutant gene Vestigial glume 1(Vg1) has been fine-mapped to a narrow region by map-based cloning and the candidate gene for Vg1 spanned 19.5 kb. Here we report Vg1 genomic fosmid library construction and scre...The maize mutant gene Vestigial glume 1(Vg1) has been fine-mapped to a narrow region by map-based cloning and the candidate gene for Vg1 spanned 19.5 kb. Here we report Vg1 genomic fosmid library construction and screening. The fosmid library of Vg1 consisted of574,000 clones with an average insert size of 36.4 kb, representing 7.9-fold coverage of the maize genome. Fosmid stability assays indicated that clones were stable during propagation in the fosmid system. Using Vg1 candidate gene-specific primers, a positive clone was successfully identified. This discovery will pave the way for identifying the function of Vg1 in maize development.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51435009,71302085)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LQ14E080002)K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘For the car sequencing（CS） problem, the draw-backs of the ＂sliding windows＂ technique used in the objective function have not been rectified, and no high quality initial solution has been acquired to accelerate the improvement of the solution quality. Firstly, the objective function is improved to solve the double and bias counting of violations broadly discussed. Then, a new method combining heuristic with constraint propagation is proposed which constructs initial solutions under a parallel framework. Based on constraint propagation, three filtering rules are designed to intersecting with three greedy functions, so the variable domain is narrowed in the process of the construction. The parallel framework is served to show its robustness in terms of the quality of the solution since it greatly increases the performance of obtaining the best solution. In the computational experiments, 109 instances of 3 sets from the CSPLib＇ s benchmarks are used to test the performance of the proposed method. Experiment results show that the proposed method outperforms others in acquiring the best-known results for 85 best-known results of 109 are obtained with only one construction. The proposed research provides an avenue to remedy the deficiencies of ＂sliding windows＂ technique and construct high quality initial solutions.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(41771565).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the evolution of the legal system of farmland protection and explore the rules and characteristics of policy development based on the theory and logic of institutional change since China's reform and opening up,reveal the problems and deep-seated reasons of its legislation,clarify the direction of farmland protection in the new period,and solve the"non-agricultural""non-grain"and ecological problems of farmland.[Methods]Literature analysis and inductive deduction methods were used.[Results]The evolution of the farmland protection legal system has gone through the process of"national consciousness-policy guidelines-institutional system",the change from"single subject to multiple subjects";change from the use of"one-way administrative means to coordinated use of administrative,economic and technical means".The practical problems of the farmland protection legal system are mainly due to the insufficient systematization of the farmland protection legal system itself,the generalization of quantity protection,the transformation of quality protection,and the absence of ecological protection.[Conclusions]It is recommended to improve the existing farmland protection legal system from the establishment of the Farmland Protection Law,the improvement of the farmland protection public participation mechanism and supervision mechanism,the establishment of the farmland quality construction and improvement system,the differentiated farmland occupation and supplementation balance system,and the ecological restoration system.
文摘As the extension and supplement of explicit curriculum,the English hidden curriculum in higher vocational colleges plays animportant role in cultivating students' behaviors,stimulate their interest and arouse their enthusiasm,initiative and creativity in learningEnglish.This paper analyzes the problems of English hidden curriculum construction in higher vocational colleges under the back-ground o"fInternet plus",and puts forward some corresponding countermeasures to bring the role of college English hidden curriculuminto full play.
文摘This paper develops an extended newsboy model and presents a formula- tion for this model. This new model has solved the budget contained multi-product newsboy problem with the reactive production. This model can be used to describe the status of entrepreneurial network construction. We use the Lagrange multiplier procedure to deal with our problem, but it is too complicated to get the exact solu-tion. So we introduce the homotopy method to deal with it. We give the flow chart to describe how to get the solution via the homotopy method. We also illustrate our model in both the classical procedure and the homotopy method. Comparing the two methods, we can see that the homotopy method is more exact and efficient.
文摘Through careful study, it found that the key and difficult points of affecting and restricting Xi＇an to reach the model city construction standards in provincial and national levels were ＂urban air environment quality standards＂ and ＂water qualification rate of urban water environment function area＂. In order to tackle with the weak links, highlight the important points and focus on the difficult points to strengthen scientific and technological innovation, we actively explored new ideas and ways to resolve the dilemma in meeting the two standards of model city construction, and we managed to put forward the countermeasures to resolve the dilemma through innovating system and mechanism. ＂Place master system＂ should be carded out quickly to meet the ＂urban air environment quality standards＂, while ＂river master system＂ should be implemented as soon as possible to reach the ＂water qualification rate of urban water environment function area＂. The aim of this study was to enhance the qualification rates of the indicators for model city construction to make Xi＇an successfully pass the provincial and national assessment of model city construction through dealing with the weak links to accelerate the realization of becoming model environmental protection city.
文摘The installation of mechanical and electrical equipment is a very complex work;the installation process involves more processes and types of work. Therefore, we must pay full attention to the installation of mechanical and electrical equipment in the usual work process, and pay attention to fully accumulate all kinds of experience in the process of practice, so as to better create a new process and technology. In addition, professionals need to effectively analyze the main causes of various problems, and adopt relevant measures to directly solve the problems, so as to better ensure the quality of the installation equipment.
文摘The design quality of construction drawing of building structure is an important basis of engineering construction quality, which can fully reflect the design concept. Any problems existing in the design of construction drawing will affect the safety of building. At the same time, the design of construction drawing has certain technical content, which reflects the architects grasp of the scheme and the ability to apply technology. Therefore, in order to conscientiously implement the relevant regulations of national architectural design and improve the design quality of structural construction drawings, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the design of structural construction drawings of architectural engineering, and puts forward some improvement suggestions for reference by structural construction drawing designers.
文摘Intelligent building is to adopt intelligent technology and implement construction according to construction objectives. At the same time, intelligent building has the characteristics of energy saving, systematization and specialization. Systematization mainly refers to the systematization of engineering construction work and building information in the construction process, and the effective combination of information technology, building performance and communication technology, so as to ensure the safety of the whole project construction. In addition, the main core technology of specialization is digital technology, which also has higher requirements for the intelligent technology of project construction managers. Energy saving refers to the use of digital technology, scientific arrangement of various resources, to ensure the effective use of building resources.
文摘Budget management is to check and calculate the funds needed for the overall construction operation of the construction project in advance. This work takes place in the preparation of the construction project. The compilation basis includes construction documents, construction indicators, etc., and the cost is controlled by the development of the project budget work. However, combined with the current situation of budget management and control in the field of domestic construction, the overall professional quality of managers needs to be improved, which requires managers to conduct in-depth analysis, explore its inducing factors, and put forward targeted solutions. Next, the article on the construction project budget management problems and countermeasures are discussed.
文摘Building curtain wall is a common decorative wall in modern high-rise buildings and large buildings. Its quality is directly related to people's personal and property safety, and curtain wall quality has attracted more and more attention. This paper analyzes the construction technology of building curtain wall and some problems encountered in quality control and countermeasures.
文摘At present, China's social and economic development is accelerating, and the quality and overall level of municipal road projects have been greatly improved. However, with the prosperity of traffic, road traffic congestion and road aging problems have become increasingly prominent. The renovation project of old municipal roads has gradually become the focus of attention. The transformation of municipal roads is imminent. Therefore, we must strictly control the construction quality of the old road renovation project municipal roads, ensure the control and measurement of the old road renovation project municipal roads, and then improve the overall environmental level of the city, increase the residents' sense of belonging, and promote the rapid development of the urbanization process .
文摘Sponge city refers to a new urban construction concept used to solve urban flood disasters and water ecological problems.It is important for the construction of ecological civilization.It plays an important role in the green development and livability of the city.In the construction of a sponge city,it is necessary to make special urban planning and improve the top-level design.In recent years,China has developed a number of sponge city pilot projects.The numerous experiments act as important references for the urban construction in China.This paper mainly analyzes the requirements for the construction of sponge city and discusses several problems as well as solutions in the construction.
文摘Under the background of sustainable development of social economy and comprehensive progress of construction engineering industry, prefabricated building engineering technology arises at the historic moment. This technology gives play to the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, ecological and environmental protection in practical application, and is one of the key technical supports for the future development of the construction engineering industry. However, at present, the research and application of prefabricated building technology in China is still in the initial stage. There are some quality problems in component production, assembly construction and other links, which need to be further studied and gradually improved. This paper expounds the characteristics of the production and construction technology of prefabricated buildings, analyzes the quality problems existing in the current production process and construction and assembly process, and puts forward the improvement plan for these problems for reference.
文摘Through the effective exploration of the geotechnical engineering survey and design work and the hydrogeological related problems, the potential bad problems in the geotechnical engineering construction stage and the design stage can be clarified. Targeted hydrogeological survey can effectively improve the safety of geotechnical construction and the reliability of construction operation. This paper deeply and effectively analyzes and explores the hydrogeological survey work in order to provide a reference for the smooth and effective development of geotechnical engineering.
文摘For colleges and universities, it is of great significance to strengthen the construction of college students' party branches. It can not only cultivate excellent talents in colleges and universities, but also promote the smooth development of party construction in colleges and universities and the continuous development of higher education. Therefore, in the process of education and teaching in colleges and universities, we should attach importance to the construction of party branches, effectively play the role of party organizations in the process of education and management in colleges and universities, and implement the work model of party construction in colleges and universities. This paper probes into the problems existing in the construction of college students' party branches and the optimization measures.
文摘Based on the rapid development of society, traffic engineering has become the focus of people's continuous attention, especially the construction quality of municipal roads and bridges is related to the overall quality of infrastructure projects, and it also promotes the steady progress of the national economy. However, there are some quality problems in the process of municipal road and bridge construction. The construction unit must solve the quality problems one by one with a strong sense of responsibility, so that the road and bridge construction quality can be greatly improved and the service life of the road can be scientifically extended. Based on this, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the common quality problems in municipal road and bridge construction, briefly describes the main factors that affect the construction quality, and puts forward scientific measures to ensure the construction quality in each stage, so as to promote the construction level of municipal roads and bridges in China to a new height.
文摘Accelerating the market-oriented reform of Chinas state-owned construction institutions is of great significance to the long-term and stable development of Chinas state-owned construction institutions and lays a good foundation for the long-term development of Chinas state-owned construction undertakings. Electromechanical engineering is an important part of building engineering, and its efficient implementation is an important guarantee to ensure the service function of building. Relatively speaking, due to the complicated work flow of mechanical and electrical engineering, it will be influenced by many objective factors, which objectively increases the construction difficulty of the whole project. Based on this, this paper will mainly analyze the management problems existing in the construction process of mechanical and electrical engineering, and put forward relevant optimization measures.
文摘With the development of economic situation and the intensification of market competition, the construction of internal control is becoming more and more important to the enterprise itself. Under the new development background, enterprises must actively and effectively control all business management processes, especially internal control, and establish a sound internal control system to ensure higher economic efficiency. On this basis, this paper deeply analyzes the problems in the construction of internal control system at the present stage and discusses the effective countermeasures, which provides an effective reference for improving the quality of enterprise internal control.
基金supported by a Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (Xm201344)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (2014M552303)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (XDJK2013C023, 2362015xk05)
文摘The maize mutant gene Vestigial glume 1(Vg1) has been fine-mapped to a narrow region by map-based cloning and the candidate gene for Vg1 spanned 19.5 kb. Here we report Vg1 genomic fosmid library construction and screening. The fosmid library of Vg1 consisted of574,000 clones with an average insert size of 36.4 kb, representing 7.9-fold coverage of the maize genome. Fosmid stability assays indicated that clones were stable during propagation in the fosmid system. Using Vg1 candidate gene-specific primers, a positive clone was successfully identified. This discovery will pave the way for identifying the function of Vg1 in maize development.
