We explore some interesting phenomena in a simple non-Hermitian ladder system.Special modes with energy eigenvalues closely related to the inter-chain-coupling strength appear in the non-Hermitian ladder system.We sho...We explore some interesting phenomena in a simple non-Hermitian ladder system.Special modes with energy eigenvalues closely related to the inter-chain-coupling strength appear in the non-Hermitian ladder system.We show that a phase transition occurs whereby special modes with pure real eigenvalues can switch to special modes with pure imaginary eigenvalues,when the inter-chain-coupling strength changes from symmetric to asymmetric.We find that the density profiles of all the special modes are completely identical under certain conditions,even if the inter-chain-coupling strength is added into the non-Hermitian ladder system in different ways.Moreover,we also demonstrate that the different inter-chain couplings are fundamentally equivalent to adding different on-site potential energies into the non-Hermitian ladder system.展开更多
This paper studies a spin ladder model which possesses frustrating interactions. By using both the bosonization and the density matrix renormalization group techniques, it shows that the intermediate columnar dimerize...This paper studies a spin ladder model which possesses frustrating interactions. By using both the bosonization and the density matrix renormalization group techniques, it shows that the intermediate columnar dimerized phase, which exists in a narrow parameter region of the so-called ~/1 - J2 model, vanishes if the interchain frustration is weak and anisotropic. Therefore, it concludes that the frustrating interaction indeed plays an important role in producing such a phase. As a complementary to our previous investigation, it reaches a more complete picture of the quantum phase transition in the frustrated spin ladder systems.展开更多
A four-level double-ladder cold atoms system with spontaneously generated coherence trapped in a moving optical lattice is explored to achieve optical nonreciprocity. When spontaneously generated coherence（SGC） is p...A four-level double-ladder cold atoms system with spontaneously generated coherence trapped in a moving optical lattice is explored to achieve optical nonreciprocity. When spontaneously generated coherence（SGC） is present, the remarkable contrast optical nonreciprocity of light transmission and reflection can be generated at each induced photonic bandgap in the optical lattice with a velocity of a few m/s. However, when the SGC effect is absent, the optical nonreciprocity becomes weak or even vanishing due to the strong absorption. It is found that the optical nonreciprocity is related to the asymmetric Doppler effect in transmission and reflection, meanwhile the degree and position of optical nonreciprocity can be tuned by the SGC effect and the Rabi frequency of the trigger field.展开更多
Objective To systematically evaluate the overall efficacy of external application of traditional Chinese medicine(EA-TCM)in combination with oral three-step analgesic ladder therapy for patients suffering from cancer-...Objective To systematically evaluate the overall efficacy of external application of traditional Chinese medicine(EA-TCM)in combination with oral three-step analgesic ladder therapy for patients suffering from cancer-induced bone pain(CIBP).Methods We conducted a literature search of randomized controlled trials on the combination of EA-TCM and three-step analgesic ladder therapy for CIBP across ten databases and two registration systems.It included four Chinese databases[Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(SinoMed),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,and China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP)],six English databases(Scopus,Embase,Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane Library,and OpenGrey),and two registration systems(Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov).The timeframe for the literature search extended from the inception of each database to December 31,2023.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan(v5.4.1),and the outcome indicators(pain relief rate,analgesic duration,quality of life,pain intensity,breakthrough pain frequency,and adverse reactions)were graded using GRADE profiler(v3.6).Results According to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 43 studies was deemed eligible,involving 3142 participants with CIBP.The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with oral three-step analgesic ladder therapy alone,the combined therapy of EA-TCM and three-step analgesic ladder has a significant improvement in pain relief rate[risk ratio(RR)=1.32,95%confidence interval(CI):1.24 to 1.41,P<0.00001],analgesic duration[mean difference(MD)=1.33,95%CI:0.97 to 1.69,P<0.00001],and quality of life(MD=5.66,95%CI:4.88 to 6.44,P<0.00001).Furthermore,the combined therapy significantly reduced pain intensity(MD=-1.00,95%CI:-1.19 to-0.80,P<0.00001),breakthrough pain frequency(MD=-0.43,95%CI:-0.51 to-0.36,P<0.00001),and adverse reactions(RR=0.60,95%CI:0.53 to 0.68,P<0.00001)in CIBP patients.Based on the GRADE assessment,the level of evidence varied from low to moderate.Conclusion EA-TCM combined with the three-step analgesic ladder therapy can effectively alleviate pain symptoms in patients with CIBP and improve their quality of life.Additionally,the EA-TCM can effectively reduce the incidence of adverse reactions associated with threestep analgesic therapy.展开更多
To achieve the goals of sustainable development of the energy system and the construction of a lowcarbon society,this study proposes a multi-energy storage collaborative optimization strategy for industrial park that ...To achieve the goals of sustainable development of the energy system and the construction of a lowcarbon society,this study proposes a multi-energy storage collaborative optimization strategy for industrial park that integrates the laddered carbon trading mechanism with demand response.Firstly,a dual dimensional DR model is constructed based on the characteristics of load elasticity.The alternativeDRenables flexible substitution of energy loads through complementary conversion of electricity/heat/cold multi-energy sources,while the price DR relies on timeof-use electricity price signals to guide load spatiotemporal migration;Secondly,the LCT mechanism is introduced to achieve optimal carbon emission costs through a tiered carbon quota allocation mechanism.On this basis,an optimization decision model is established with the core objective of maximizing the annual net profit of the park.The objective function takes into account energy sales revenue,generator unit costs,and investment and operation costs of multiple types of energy storage facilities.Themodel constraint system covers three key dimensions:dynamic operation constraints of power generation units,including unit output limits,ramping capability,and minimum start-stop time;the physical boundary of an electric/hot/cold multi-energy storage system involves energy storage capacity and charge/discharge efficiency;The multi-energy network coupling balance equation ensures that the energy conversion and transmission process satisfies the law of conservation of energy.Using CPLEX mathematical programming solver for simulation verification,construct an energy storage capacity configuration decision process that includes LCT-DR synergistic effect.The research results show that compared with the traditional single energy storage configuration mode,this strategy effectively enhances the economic feasibility and engineering practicality of industrial park operation by coordinating demand side resource scheduling and finely controlling carbon costs,while maintaining stable system operation.Its methodological framework provides a technical path that combines theoretical rigor and practical operability for the low-carbon transformation of regional integrated energy systems.展开更多
Ultrasound guided breast biopsy navigation system with a graphical user interface and a passive robotic needle holder is developed to increase the performance and reliability of the radiologist.Ultrasound calibration ...Ultrasound guided breast biopsy navigation system with a graphical user interface and a passive robotic needle holder is developed to increase the performance and reliability of the radiologist.Ultrasound calibration and tool tip calibration are required before using the system.A ladder phantom is developed to be used for ultrasound calibration in real time system with only one ultrasound image required.The passive robotic needle holder structure results in an identity matrix for the makes the rotation matrix;therefore,only translation and scaling are required in the system.This method can be applied to multiple ultrasound depths,which has a relationship at each depth and a relationship to the ultrasound image on the display.The results show high accuracy(<1 mm.)and rapid calibration(5–10 minutes)which is suitable for a real time system like a breast biopsy navigation system based on tests with a breast phantom.展开更多
An approach to design and implement the control function of LD (Ladder Diagram) in the hydropower simulation system based on all paths searching algorithm is proposed in this paper. LD is widely used as a programming ...An approach to design and implement the control function of LD (Ladder Diagram) in the hydropower simulation system based on all paths searching algorithm is proposed in this paper. LD is widely used as a programming language for PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), but it doesn’t be executed automatically in the hydropower simulation system which is a software system, and there is no compiler or interpretation for LD in it. The approach in this paper is not only to present a graphical interface to design LD, but also implement its control function through transforming it to a corresponding undigraph, in which, all paths be-tween two vertexes (live wire and null line) are searched by the proposed algorithm. An application example is presented to verify the validity of the algorithm and shows that the algorithm is correct and practicable. In addition, how to implement the control function based on object-oriented thought is introduced. The running time is shown at last, which proves that the system with the algorithm can meet the real-time request in the hydropower simulation system.展开更多
The population transfer in a ladder-type atomic system driven by linearly polarized sech-shape femtosecond laser pulses is investigated by numerically solving Schr6dinger equation without including the rotating wave a...The population transfer in a ladder-type atomic system driven by linearly polarized sech-shape femtosecond laser pulses is investigated by numerically solving Schr6dinger equation without including the rotating wave approximation （RWA）. It is shown that population transfer is mainly determined by the Rabi frequency （strength） of the driving laser field and the chirp rate, and that the ratio of the dipole moments and the pulse width also have a prominent effect on the population transfer. By choosing appropriate values of the above parameters, complete population transfer can be realized.展开更多
We conduct a dynamical Gutzwiller mean-field study of interacting bosons on a four-leg ladder,subject to a uniform flux.The ground states dependent on the magnetic flux and kinetic tunneling strength are explored.Cons...We conduct a dynamical Gutzwiller mean-field study of interacting bosons on a four-leg ladder,subject to a uniform flux.The ground states dependent on the magnetic flux and kinetic tunneling strength are explored.Consequently,we identify the super-vortical lattice,as well as the inner-Meissner phase,which presents Meissner currents just along the intimal legs within the flux ladder.The staggered-current phase is also allowed,with its formation condition altered because of the four-leg construction.The number of legs on the flux ladder can make an effect.展开更多
Low dielectric constant(low-k)materials are critical for advanced packaging in high-density microelectronic devices and high-frequency communication technologies.Ladder polysiloxanes,which are characterized by their u...Low dielectric constant(low-k)materials are critical for advanced packaging in high-density microelectronic devices and high-frequency communication technologies.Ladder polysiloxanes,which are characterized by their unique double-chain structure and intrinsic microporosity,offer remarkable advantages in terms of thermal stability,oxidation resistance,and dielectric performance.However,structural defects in ladder polysiloxanes,such as cage-like and irregular oligomers,and their effects on dielectric properties remain underexplored.In this study,a series of ladder-like polysiloxanes(X-TMS)with diverse side groups weresynthesized via a one-step base-catalyzed method.The influence of the benzocyclobutene(BCB)side groups on the formation of regular ladder structures was systematically investigated.Notably,BCB incorporation disrupted the structural regularity,favoring the formation of cage-like and irregular topologies,which were extensively characterized using 29silicon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(^(29)Si-NMR),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),gel permeation chromatography(GPC),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).These structural defects were beneficial for improving the hydrophobicity and thermal stability.Copolymerization of X-TMS with commercial DVS-BCB resins further enhanced the mechanical properties,with the elastic modulus increasing from 3.6 GPa to 4.4 GPa and water absorption reduced from 0.33 wt%to 0.06 wt%.This study establishes a clear correlation between topological structures and material properties.These findings not only advance the understanding of the structure-property relationships in ladder polysiloxanes but also provide a novel approach for designing high-performance interlayer dielectric materials for next-generation microelectronics.展开更多
We theoretically investigate the Autler-Townes （AT） splitting in the photoelectron spectra of three-level ladder K2 molecule driven by a pump-probe pulse via employing the time- dependent wave packet approach. The d...We theoretically investigate the Autler-Townes （AT） splitting in the photoelectron spectra of three-level ladder K2 molecule driven by a pump-probe pulse via employing the time- dependent wave packet approach. The dependence of AT splitting on two laser intensities and wavelengths are studied in detail. We firstly quantify these effects on peak shift and AT separation. The photoelectron spectra show double splitting with symmetric profiles, but with asymmetric profiles when the wavelength is changed. The magnitude of AT splitting increases with the pump laser intensity, but does not vary with probe intensity. The shifts of the absorption peaks and the splitting between AT doublet are predicted by using an analyt- ical fitting function when the intensity/wavelength of one of the two fields is changed. These novel results are of importance for the molecular spectroscopy and may further stimulate the first principles theoretical studies analytically.展开更多
As a major component of speech signal processing, speech emotion recognition has become increasingly essential to understanding human communication. Benefitting from deep learning, many researchers have proposed vario...As a major component of speech signal processing, speech emotion recognition has become increasingly essential to understanding human communication. Benefitting from deep learning, many researchers have proposed various unsupervised models to extract effective emotional features and supervised models to train emotion recognition systems. In this paper, we utilize semi-supervised ladder networks for speech emotion recognition. The model is trained by minimizing the supervised loss and auxiliary unsupervised cost function. The addition of the unsupervised auxiliary task provides powerful discriminative representations of the input features, and is also regarded as the regularization of the emotional supervised task. We also compare the ladder network with other classical autoencoder structures. The experiments were conducted on the interactive emotional dyadic motion capture (IEMOCAP) database, and the results reveal that the proposed methods achieve superior performance with a small number of labelled data and achieves better performance than other methods.展开更多
The sciatic functional index（SFI） is a popular parameter for peripheral nerve evaluation that relies on footprints obtained with ink and paper. Drawbacks include smearing artefacts and a lack of dynamic information ...The sciatic functional index（SFI） is a popular parameter for peripheral nerve evaluation that relies on footprints obtained with ink and paper. Drawbacks include smearing artefacts and a lack of dynamic information during measurement. Modern applications use digitized systems that can deliver results with less analytical effort and fewer mice. However, the systems are expensive（€40,000）. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability and precision of a self-made, low-cost infrared system for evaluating SFI in mice. Mice were subjected to unilateral sciatic nerve crush injury（crush group; n = 7） and sham operation（sham group; n = 4）. They were evaluated on the day before surgery, the 2nd, 4th and 6th days after injury, and then every day up to the 23rd day after injury. We compared two SFI evaluation methods, i.e., conventional inkand-paper SFI（C-SFI） and our infrared system（I-SFI）. Our apparatus visualized footprints with totally internally reflected infrared light（950 nm） and a camera that can only detect this wavelength. Additionally we performed an analysis with the ladder beam walking test（LBWT） as a reference test. I-SFI assessment reduced the standard deviation by about 33 percent, from 11.6 to 7.8, and cut the variance around the baseline to 21 percent. The system thus requires fewer measurement repetitions and fewer animals, and cuts the cost of keeping the animals. The apparatus cost €321 to build. Our results show that the process of obtaining the SFI can be made more precise via digitization with a self-made, low-cost infrared system.展开更多
文摘We explore some interesting phenomena in a simple non-Hermitian ladder system.Special modes with energy eigenvalues closely related to the inter-chain-coupling strength appear in the non-Hermitian ladder system.We show that a phase transition occurs whereby special modes with pure real eigenvalues can switch to special modes with pure imaginary eigenvalues,when the inter-chain-coupling strength changes from symmetric to asymmetric.We find that the density profiles of all the special modes are completely identical under certain conditions,even if the inter-chain-coupling strength is added into the non-Hermitian ladder system in different ways.Moreover,we also demonstrate that the different inter-chain couplings are fundamentally equivalent to adding different on-site potential energies into the non-Hermitian ladder system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10874003)Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2006CB921300)
文摘This paper studies a spin ladder model which possesses frustrating interactions. By using both the bosonization and the density matrix renormalization group techniques, it shows that the intermediate columnar dimerized phase, which exists in a narrow parameter region of the so-called ~/1 - J2 model, vanishes if the interchain frustration is weak and anisotropic. Therefore, it concludes that the frustrating interaction indeed plays an important role in producing such a phase. As a complementary to our previous investigation, it reaches a more complete picture of the quantum phase transition in the frustrated spin ladder systems.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11347137,11247201,and 11247005)the Twelfth Five-year Program for Science and Technology of Education Department of Jilin Province,China(Grant No.20150215)
文摘A four-level double-ladder cold atoms system with spontaneously generated coherence trapped in a moving optical lattice is explored to achieve optical nonreciprocity. When spontaneously generated coherence（SGC） is present, the remarkable contrast optical nonreciprocity of light transmission and reflection can be generated at each induced photonic bandgap in the optical lattice with a velocity of a few m/s. However, when the SGC effect is absent, the optical nonreciprocity becomes weak or even vanishing due to the strong absorption. It is found that the optical nonreciprocity is related to the asymmetric Doppler effect in transmission and reflection, meanwhile the degree and position of optical nonreciprocity can be tuned by the SGC effect and the Rabi frequency of the trigger field.
基金Provincial Key Research and Development Project of Hunan(2018SK2127)Hunan Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Development Project(201946).
文摘Objective To systematically evaluate the overall efficacy of external application of traditional Chinese medicine(EA-TCM)in combination with oral three-step analgesic ladder therapy for patients suffering from cancer-induced bone pain(CIBP).Methods We conducted a literature search of randomized controlled trials on the combination of EA-TCM and three-step analgesic ladder therapy for CIBP across ten databases and two registration systems.It included four Chinese databases[Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(SinoMed),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Database,and China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP)],six English databases(Scopus,Embase,Web of Science,PubMed,Cochrane Library,and OpenGrey),and two registration systems(Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov).The timeframe for the literature search extended from the inception of each database to December 31,2023.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan(v5.4.1),and the outcome indicators(pain relief rate,analgesic duration,quality of life,pain intensity,breakthrough pain frequency,and adverse reactions)were graded using GRADE profiler(v3.6).Results According to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 43 studies was deemed eligible,involving 3142 participants with CIBP.The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with oral three-step analgesic ladder therapy alone,the combined therapy of EA-TCM and three-step analgesic ladder has a significant improvement in pain relief rate[risk ratio(RR)=1.32,95%confidence interval(CI):1.24 to 1.41,P<0.00001],analgesic duration[mean difference(MD)=1.33,95%CI:0.97 to 1.69,P<0.00001],and quality of life(MD=5.66,95%CI:4.88 to 6.44,P<0.00001).Furthermore,the combined therapy significantly reduced pain intensity(MD=-1.00,95%CI:-1.19 to-0.80,P<0.00001),breakthrough pain frequency(MD=-0.43,95%CI:-0.51 to-0.36,P<0.00001),and adverse reactions(RR=0.60,95%CI:0.53 to 0.68,P<0.00001)in CIBP patients.Based on the GRADE assessment,the level of evidence varied from low to moderate.Conclusion EA-TCM combined with the three-step analgesic ladder therapy can effectively alleviate pain symptoms in patients with CIBP and improve their quality of life.Additionally,the EA-TCM can effectively reduce the incidence of adverse reactions associated with threestep analgesic therapy.
基金funded by Science and Technology Projects from State Grid Corporation of China,(Research on Adaptive Balance Optimization and Simulation Technology of Industrial community Energy System with High Proportion of Distributed Energy,No.:5100-202355752A-3-4-SY).
文摘To achieve the goals of sustainable development of the energy system and the construction of a lowcarbon society,this study proposes a multi-energy storage collaborative optimization strategy for industrial park that integrates the laddered carbon trading mechanism with demand response.Firstly,a dual dimensional DR model is constructed based on the characteristics of load elasticity.The alternativeDRenables flexible substitution of energy loads through complementary conversion of electricity/heat/cold multi-energy sources,while the price DR relies on timeof-use electricity price signals to guide load spatiotemporal migration;Secondly,the LCT mechanism is introduced to achieve optimal carbon emission costs through a tiered carbon quota allocation mechanism.On this basis,an optimization decision model is established with the core objective of maximizing the annual net profit of the park.The objective function takes into account energy sales revenue,generator unit costs,and investment and operation costs of multiple types of energy storage facilities.Themodel constraint system covers three key dimensions:dynamic operation constraints of power generation units,including unit output limits,ramping capability,and minimum start-stop time;the physical boundary of an electric/hot/cold multi-energy storage system involves energy storage capacity and charge/discharge efficiency;The multi-energy network coupling balance equation ensures that the energy conversion and transmission process satisfies the law of conservation of energy.Using CPLEX mathematical programming solver for simulation verification,construct an energy storage capacity configuration decision process that includes LCT-DR synergistic effect.The research results show that compared with the traditional single energy storage configuration mode,this strategy effectively enhances the economic feasibility and engineering practicality of industrial park operation by coordinating demand side resource scheduling and finely controlling carbon costs,while maintaining stable system operation.Its methodological framework provides a technical path that combines theoretical rigor and practical operability for the low-carbon transformation of regional integrated energy systems.
基金the Computer-Integrated Intelligent Medical System Project under the National Research University Grant through Mahidol Universitythe Integration of Surgical Navigation and Surgical Robotics for Breast Biopsy in Breast Cancer using Mammogram and ultrasound Images on Breast Mathematical Model Project under the Government Research Budget through Mahidol University(Grant 111-2558)。
文摘Ultrasound guided breast biopsy navigation system with a graphical user interface and a passive robotic needle holder is developed to increase the performance and reliability of the radiologist.Ultrasound calibration and tool tip calibration are required before using the system.A ladder phantom is developed to be used for ultrasound calibration in real time system with only one ultrasound image required.The passive robotic needle holder structure results in an identity matrix for the makes the rotation matrix;therefore,only translation and scaling are required in the system.This method can be applied to multiple ultrasound depths,which has a relationship at each depth and a relationship to the ultrasound image on the display.The results show high accuracy(<1 mm.)and rapid calibration(5–10 minutes)which is suitable for a real time system like a breast biopsy navigation system based on tests with a breast phantom.
文摘An approach to design and implement the control function of LD (Ladder Diagram) in the hydropower simulation system based on all paths searching algorithm is proposed in this paper. LD is widely used as a programming language for PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), but it doesn’t be executed automatically in the hydropower simulation system which is a software system, and there is no compiler or interpretation for LD in it. The approach in this paper is not only to present a graphical interface to design LD, but also implement its control function through transforming it to a corresponding undigraph, in which, all paths be-tween two vertexes (live wire and null line) are searched by the proposed algorithm. An application example is presented to verify the validity of the algorithm and shows that the algorithm is correct and practicable. In addition, how to implement the control function based on object-oriented thought is introduced. The running time is shown at last, which proves that the system with the algorithm can meet the real-time request in the hydropower simulation system.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No 2006CB806003)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China (Grant No Y2006A21)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10675076)State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics,Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,China
文摘The population transfer in a ladder-type atomic system driven by linearly polarized sech-shape femtosecond laser pulses is investigated by numerically solving Schr6dinger equation without including the rotating wave approximation （RWA）. It is shown that population transfer is mainly determined by the Rabi frequency （strength） of the driving laser field and the chirp rate, and that the ratio of the dipole moments and the pulse width also have a prominent effect on the population transfer. By choosing appropriate values of the above parameters, complete population transfer can be realized.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Hainan Tropical Ocean University(Grant No.RHDRC202301)。
文摘We conduct a dynamical Gutzwiller mean-field study of interacting bosons on a four-leg ladder,subject to a uniform flux.The ground states dependent on the magnetic flux and kinetic tunneling strength are explored.Consequently,we identify the super-vortical lattice,as well as the inner-Meissner phase,which presents Meissner currents just along the intimal legs within the flux ladder.The staggered-current phase is also allowed,with its formation condition altered because of the four-leg construction.The number of legs on the flux ladder can make an effect.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52373316,22075298,and52373020)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.2212053)。
文摘Low dielectric constant(low-k)materials are critical for advanced packaging in high-density microelectronic devices and high-frequency communication technologies.Ladder polysiloxanes,which are characterized by their unique double-chain structure and intrinsic microporosity,offer remarkable advantages in terms of thermal stability,oxidation resistance,and dielectric performance.However,structural defects in ladder polysiloxanes,such as cage-like and irregular oligomers,and their effects on dielectric properties remain underexplored.In this study,a series of ladder-like polysiloxanes(X-TMS)with diverse side groups weresynthesized via a one-step base-catalyzed method.The influence of the benzocyclobutene(BCB)side groups on the formation of regular ladder structures was systematically investigated.Notably,BCB incorporation disrupted the structural regularity,favoring the formation of cage-like and irregular topologies,which were extensively characterized using 29silicon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(^(29)Si-NMR),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),gel permeation chromatography(GPC),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).These structural defects were beneficial for improving the hydrophobicity and thermal stability.Copolymerization of X-TMS with commercial DVS-BCB resins further enhanced the mechanical properties,with the elastic modulus increasing from 3.6 GPa to 4.4 GPa and water absorption reduced from 0.33 wt%to 0.06 wt%.This study establishes a clear correlation between topological structures and material properties.These findings not only advance the understanding of the structure-property relationships in ladder polysiloxanes but also provide a novel approach for designing high-performance interlayer dielectric materials for next-generation microelectronics.
基金supported by the Project of Science Research from Education Department of Anhui Province(KJ2009B102)the Fund for Excellent Young talents in the Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province(2009SQRZ087)~~
基金The code used in our calculation is provided by Pro- fessor Ke-li Han from Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, and we appreci- ate his help and kind advice. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.11447020）, the Natural Science Foundation of Hu- nan province （No.2015JJ3104）, and the Scientific Re- search Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry.
文摘We theoretically investigate the Autler-Townes （AT） splitting in the photoelectron spectra of three-level ladder K2 molecule driven by a pump-probe pulse via employing the time- dependent wave packet approach. The dependence of AT splitting on two laser intensities and wavelengths are studied in detail. We firstly quantify these effects on peak shift and AT separation. The photoelectron spectra show double splitting with symmetric profiles, but with asymmetric profiles when the wavelength is changed. The magnitude of AT splitting increases with the pump laser intensity, but does not vary with probe intensity. The shifts of the absorption peaks and the splitting between AT doublet are predicted by using an analyt- ical fitting function when the intensity/wavelength of one of the two fields is changed. These novel results are of importance for the molecular spectroscopy and may further stimulate the first principles theoretical studies analytically.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61425017 and 61773379)the National Key Research&Development Plan of China(No.2017YFB1002804)
文摘As a major component of speech signal processing, speech emotion recognition has become increasingly essential to understanding human communication. Benefitting from deep learning, many researchers have proposed various unsupervised models to extract effective emotional features and supervised models to train emotion recognition systems. In this paper, we utilize semi-supervised ladder networks for speech emotion recognition. The model is trained by minimizing the supervised loss and auxiliary unsupervised cost function. The addition of the unsupervised auxiliary task provides powerful discriminative representations of the input features, and is also regarded as the regularization of the emotional supervised task. We also compare the ladder network with other classical autoencoder structures. The experiments were conducted on the interactive emotional dyadic motion capture (IEMOCAP) database, and the results reveal that the proposed methods achieve superior performance with a small number of labelled data and achieves better performance than other methods.
文摘The sciatic functional index（SFI） is a popular parameter for peripheral nerve evaluation that relies on footprints obtained with ink and paper. Drawbacks include smearing artefacts and a lack of dynamic information during measurement. Modern applications use digitized systems that can deliver results with less analytical effort and fewer mice. However, the systems are expensive（€40,000）. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability and precision of a self-made, low-cost infrared system for evaluating SFI in mice. Mice were subjected to unilateral sciatic nerve crush injury（crush group; n = 7） and sham operation（sham group; n = 4）. They were evaluated on the day before surgery, the 2nd, 4th and 6th days after injury, and then every day up to the 23rd day after injury. We compared two SFI evaluation methods, i.e., conventional inkand-paper SFI（C-SFI） and our infrared system（I-SFI）. Our apparatus visualized footprints with totally internally reflected infrared light（950 nm） and a camera that can only detect this wavelength. Additionally we performed an analysis with the ladder beam walking test（LBWT） as a reference test. I-SFI assessment reduced the standard deviation by about 33 percent, from 11.6 to 7.8, and cut the variance around the baseline to 21 percent. The system thus requires fewer measurement repetitions and fewer animals, and cuts the cost of keeping the animals. The apparatus cost €321 to build. Our results show that the process of obtaining the SFI can be made more precise via digitization with a self-made, low-cost infrared system.
