A chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) is a powerful tool for combining quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping with the pyramiding of desirable alleles. The rice CSSL Z1364 with increased kernel number was iden...A chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) is a powerful tool for combining quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping with the pyramiding of desirable alleles. The rice CSSL Z1364 with increased kernel number was identified in a BC3F8 population derived from a cross of Nipponbare as the recipient with Xihui 18 as the donor parent. Z1364 carried three substitution segments distributed on chromosomes 1, 6, and 8. The mean substitution length was 1.19 Mb. Of 17 QTL identified on the substitution segments, qSP1 for spikelets per panicle, qSSD1 for seed-set density, and qNSB1 for number of secondary branches explained respectively 57.34%, 87.7%, and 49.44% of the corresponding phenotypic variance and were all linked to RM6777. Chi-square analysis showed that the increased kernel number in Z1364 was inherited recessively by a single gene. By fine mapping, qSP1 was delimited to a 50-kb region on the short arm of chromosome 1. Based on DNA sequence, a previously uncharacterized rice homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana AT4G32551 was identified as a candidate gene for qSP1 in which mutation increases the number of spikelets and kernels in Z1364. qSP1 was expressed in all tissues, but particularly in 1-cm panicles. The expression levels of OsMADS22, GN1A, and DST were upregulated and those of LAX2, GNP1, and GHD7 were downregulated in Nipponbare. These results provide a foundation for functional research on qSP1.展开更多
The kernel of interval grey number is most likely the real number,which can be used to represent whitenization value of interval grey number.A novel method for calculating kernel of interval grey number is constructed...The kernel of interval grey number is most likely the real number,which can be used to represent whitenization value of interval grey number.A novel method for calculating kernel of interval grey number is constructed based on the geometric barycenter of whitenization weight function in the two-dimensional coordinate plane,and the calculation of kernel is converted to the calculation of barycenter in geometric figures.The method fully considers the effect of all information contained in whitenization weight function on the calculation result of kernel,and is the extension and perfection of the existing methods in the scope of application.展开更多
Asparagus officinalis L.is favored by its high health function,but its hybrid seeds are expensive.The amount of seed,seed plumpness and germination rate are related to the production costs of breeding enterprises and ...Asparagus officinalis L.is favored by its high health function,but its hybrid seeds are expensive.The amount of seed,seed plumpness and germination rate are related to the production costs of breeding enterprises and large growers.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the seed number and thousand kernel weight of A.officinalis L.This study developed a quick and accurate method to measure the seed number and thousand kernel weight of A.officinalis L.using image processing technology.Seed sample of A.officinalis L.was scanned with 200 dpi resolution,and the seed number was then obtained using Image-ProPlus software.After weighing the seeds,thousand kernel weight was finally calculated.By recording‘macro’,the batch processing of the samples can also be realized.This method is simple and accurate,and can greatly save the time of investigation.展开更多
Improving protein quality and grain yield traits coordinately is an important goal for crop breeding.To date,many protein-quality or grain-yield regulation genes have been identified.However,the genetic strategies int...Improving protein quality and grain yield traits coordinately is an important goal for crop breeding.To date,many protein-quality or grain-yield regulation genes have been identified.However,the genetic strategies integrating these genes in good-protein-quality and high-yield crop breeding practice are far from established.Here,we characterized the functions of the MADS domain-containing protein Zm MADS8 and Zea mays G protein gamma subunit 1(Zm GG1)in regulating protein quality and grain yield of maize.Zm MADS8 positively regulates zein protein accumulation and negatively regulates nonzein protein and lysine levels in kernels by interacting with Zm MADS47 to promote the transcriptional activation of Opaque2.Additionally,Zm MADS8 regulates starch content of kernels by targeting genes involved in starch biosynthesis.Zm GG1,a putative interactor of Zm MADS8,negatively regulates kernel number with a trade-off effect on kernel starch accumulation.The mads8;zmgg1 double mutant improved protein quality by attenuating zein biosynthesis and increasing essential lysine level,and increased grain yield by increasing kernel number,compensating for decreased starch biosynthesis.Our findings revealed the biological function of Zm MADS8 and Zm GG1 in regulating protein quality and yield related traits and suggested a genetic strategy by direct editing of Zm MADS8 and Zm GG1 to improve grain yield and protein quality simultaneously.展开更多
The paper deals with estimates of the covering number for some Mercer kernel Hilbert space with Bernstein-Durrmeyer operators. We first give estimates of l2- norm of Mercer kernel matrices reproducing by the kernelsK...The paper deals with estimates of the covering number for some Mercer kernel Hilbert space with Bernstein-Durrmeyer operators. We first give estimates of l2- norm of Mercer kernel matrices reproducing by the kernelsK（α,β）（x,y）：=∑∞k=0 Ck（α,β）（x）Qk（α,β）（y）,where Qk（α,β） （x） are the Jacobi polynomials of order k on （0, 1 ）, Ck（α,β） 〉 0 are real numbers, and from which give the lower and upper bounds of the covering number for some particular reproducing kernel Hilbert space reproduced by Kα,β （x, y）.展开更多
The paper is related to the norm estimate of Mercer kernel matrices. The lower and upper bound estimates of Rayleigh entropy numbers for some Mercer kernel matrices on [0, 1] × [0, 1] based on the Bernstein-Durrm...The paper is related to the norm estimate of Mercer kernel matrices. The lower and upper bound estimates of Rayleigh entropy numbers for some Mercer kernel matrices on [0, 1] × [0, 1] based on the Bernstein-Durrmeyer operator kernel are obtained, with which and the approximation property of the Bernstein-Durrmeyer operator the lower and upper bounds of the Rayleigh entropy number and the l2 -norm for general Mercer kernel matrices on [0, 1] x [0, 1] are provided.展开更多
Under a very general condition （TNC condition） we show that the spectral radius of the kernel of a general branching process is a threshold parameter and hence plays a role as the basic reproduction number in usual ...Under a very general condition （TNC condition） we show that the spectral radius of the kernel of a general branching process is a threshold parameter and hence plays a role as the basic reproduction number in usual CMJ processes. We discuss also some properties of the extinction probability and the generating operator of general branching processes. As an application in epidemics, in the final section we suggest a generalization of SIR model which can describe infectious diseases transmission in an inhomogeneous population.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research Plan Project (2017YFD0101107)the Chongqing Science and Technology Commission Special Project (cstc2016shmsztzx0032)the Southwest University Innovation Team Project (XDJK2017A004)
文摘A chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) is a powerful tool for combining quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping with the pyramiding of desirable alleles. The rice CSSL Z1364 with increased kernel number was identified in a BC3F8 population derived from a cross of Nipponbare as the recipient with Xihui 18 as the donor parent. Z1364 carried three substitution segments distributed on chromosomes 1, 6, and 8. The mean substitution length was 1.19 Mb. Of 17 QTL identified on the substitution segments, qSP1 for spikelets per panicle, qSSD1 for seed-set density, and qNSB1 for number of secondary branches explained respectively 57.34%, 87.7%, and 49.44% of the corresponding phenotypic variance and were all linked to RM6777. Chi-square analysis showed that the increased kernel number in Z1364 was inherited recessively by a single gene. By fine mapping, qSP1 was delimited to a 50-kb region on the short arm of chromosome 1. Based on DNA sequence, a previously uncharacterized rice homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana AT4G32551 was identified as a candidate gene for qSP1 in which mutation increases the number of spikelets and kernels in Z1364. qSP1 was expressed in all tissues, but particularly in 1-cm panicles. The expression levels of OsMADS22, GN1A, and DST were upregulated and those of LAX2, GNP1, and GHD7 were downregulated in Nipponbare. These results provide a foundation for functional research on qSP1.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71271226,70971064,71101159)the Humanities and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education(11YJC630273,12YJC630140)+4 种基金the Program for Chongqing Innovation Team in University(KJTD201313)the Science and Technology Research Projects of Chongqing Education Commission(KJ120706)the Open Foundation of Chongqing Key Laboratory of Electronic Commerce and Supply Chain System(2012ECSC0101)the Special Fund of Chongqing Key Laboratory of Electronic Commerce and Supply Chain System(2012ECSC0217)the Chongqing City Board of Education Science and Technology Research Projects(1202010)
文摘The kernel of interval grey number is most likely the real number,which can be used to represent whitenization value of interval grey number.A novel method for calculating kernel of interval grey number is constructed based on the geometric barycenter of whitenization weight function in the two-dimensional coordinate plane,and the calculation of kernel is converted to the calculation of barycenter in geometric figures.The method fully considers the effect of all information contained in whitenization weight function on the calculation result of kernel,and is the extension and perfection of the existing methods in the scope of application.
基金Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Project(CARS-23-G-05)Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(2019-3-2-1)the Third Batch of"Giant Plan"Vegetable Scientific Research and Innovation Team Project in Hebei Province.
文摘Asparagus officinalis L.is favored by its high health function,but its hybrid seeds are expensive.The amount of seed,seed plumpness and germination rate are related to the production costs of breeding enterprises and large growers.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the seed number and thousand kernel weight of A.officinalis L.This study developed a quick and accurate method to measure the seed number and thousand kernel weight of A.officinalis L.using image processing technology.Seed sample of A.officinalis L.was scanned with 200 dpi resolution,and the seed number was then obtained using Image-ProPlus software.After weighing the seeds,thousand kernel weight was finally calculated.By recording‘macro’,the batch processing of the samples can also be realized.This method is simple and accurate,and can greatly save the time of investigation.
基金supported by the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0406804,2023ZD0402701)Major Project of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2022hszd019)First-Class Discipline Construction Funds of the College of Plant Science and Technology at Huazhong Agricultural University(2022ZK PY002)。
文摘Improving protein quality and grain yield traits coordinately is an important goal for crop breeding.To date,many protein-quality or grain-yield regulation genes have been identified.However,the genetic strategies integrating these genes in good-protein-quality and high-yield crop breeding practice are far from established.Here,we characterized the functions of the MADS domain-containing protein Zm MADS8 and Zea mays G protein gamma subunit 1(Zm GG1)in regulating protein quality and grain yield of maize.Zm MADS8 positively regulates zein protein accumulation and negatively regulates nonzein protein and lysine levels in kernels by interacting with Zm MADS47 to promote the transcriptional activation of Opaque2.Additionally,Zm MADS8 regulates starch content of kernels by targeting genes involved in starch biosynthesis.Zm GG1,a putative interactor of Zm MADS8,negatively regulates kernel number with a trade-off effect on kernel starch accumulation.The mads8;zmgg1 double mutant improved protein quality by attenuating zein biosynthesis and increasing essential lysine level,and increased grain yield by increasing kernel number,compensating for decreased starch biosynthesis.Our findings revealed the biological function of Zm MADS8 and Zm GG1 in regulating protein quality and yield related traits and suggested a genetic strategy by direct editing of Zm MADS8 and Zm GG1 to improve grain yield and protein quality simultaneously.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10871226)
文摘The paper deals with estimates of the covering number for some Mercer kernel Hilbert space with Bernstein-Durrmeyer operators. We first give estimates of l2- norm of Mercer kernel matrices reproducing by the kernelsK（α,β）（x,y）：=∑∞k=0 Ck（α,β）（x）Qk（α,β）（y）,where Qk（α,β） （x） are the Jacobi polynomials of order k on （0, 1 ）, Ck（α,β） 〉 0 are real numbers, and from which give the lower and upper bounds of the covering number for some particular reproducing kernel Hilbert space reproduced by Kα,β （x, y）.
基金Supported by the Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Y604003)
文摘The paper is related to the norm estimate of Mercer kernel matrices. The lower and upper bound estimates of Rayleigh entropy numbers for some Mercer kernel matrices on [0, 1] × [0, 1] based on the Bernstein-Durrmeyer operator kernel are obtained, with which and the approximation property of the Bernstein-Durrmeyer operator the lower and upper bounds of the Rayleigh entropy number and the l2 -norm for general Mercer kernel matrices on [0, 1] x [0, 1] are provided.
文摘Under a very general condition （TNC condition） we show that the spectral radius of the kernel of a general branching process is a threshold parameter and hence plays a role as the basic reproduction number in usual CMJ processes. We discuss also some properties of the extinction probability and the generating operator of general branching processes. As an application in epidemics, in the final section we suggest a generalization of SIR model which can describe infectious diseases transmission in an inhomogeneous population.
