Kernel size, one of the traits that determine wheat yield, is controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci.Polish wheat(Triticum polonicum) has elongated and plump kernel and is a valuable material for breeding high...Kernel size, one of the traits that determine wheat yield, is controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci.Polish wheat(Triticum polonicum) has elongated and plump kernel and is a valuable material for breeding high-yielding wheat cultivars. However, genes or loci determining kernel length(KL) in Polish wheat are unknown. We identified and validated a major KL gene, KL-PW, at the P1 locus in Polish wheat. KL-PW is VRT-A2, which encodes a MIKC-type MADS-box protein(MADS55). An insertion/deletion mutation in intron 1 of VRT-A2;led to an alternatively spliced transcript, VRT-A2;. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that VRT-A2;was more highly expressed in developing seeds than was VRT-A2 Ailanmai.Brassinosteroid(BR) sensitivity experiment and the expression of BR-related genes indicated that VRTA2;functions as a positive regulator of BR responses. VRT-A2;significantly increased KL of wheat.These findings not only reveal the molecular basis of KL-PW in controlling KL, but also provide a valuable genetic resource for increasing kernel size in wheat.展开更多
Diffusion-length calculations of neutrons are performed using the Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind. The neutrons are assumed to move with constant energy in a uniform homogeneous slab. An alternative scatterin...Diffusion-length calculations of neutrons are performed using the Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind. The neutrons are assumed to move with constant energy in a uniform homogeneous slab. An alternative scattering kernel called an Anl?–Gngr phase function and a traditional Henyey–Greenstein phase function are used for the scattering function in the stationary neutron transport equation. First, analytic expressions and then numerical results are obtained for the diffusion length for various values of the scattering and cross-sectional parameters.Numerical results obtained from both scattering kernels for the diffusion length of the neutrons are given in tables side by side for comparison. The applicability of the method is easily demonstrated by these results.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671688)the Bureau of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province(2020YJ0141)。
文摘Kernel size, one of the traits that determine wheat yield, is controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci.Polish wheat(Triticum polonicum) has elongated and plump kernel and is a valuable material for breeding high-yielding wheat cultivars. However, genes or loci determining kernel length(KL) in Polish wheat are unknown. We identified and validated a major KL gene, KL-PW, at the P1 locus in Polish wheat. KL-PW is VRT-A2, which encodes a MIKC-type MADS-box protein(MADS55). An insertion/deletion mutation in intron 1 of VRT-A2;led to an alternatively spliced transcript, VRT-A2;. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that VRT-A2;was more highly expressed in developing seeds than was VRT-A2 Ailanmai.Brassinosteroid(BR) sensitivity experiment and the expression of BR-related genes indicated that VRTA2;functions as a positive regulator of BR responses. VRT-A2;significantly increased KL of wheat.These findings not only reveal the molecular basis of KL-PW in controlling KL, but also provide a valuable genetic resource for increasing kernel size in wheat.
基金supported by the Academic Research Projects Unit of Osmaniye Korkut Ata University(No.OKBAP-2014-PT3-019)
文摘Diffusion-length calculations of neutrons are performed using the Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind. The neutrons are assumed to move with constant energy in a uniform homogeneous slab. An alternative scattering kernel called an Anl?–Gngr phase function and a traditional Henyey–Greenstein phase function are used for the scattering function in the stationary neutron transport equation. First, analytic expressions and then numerical results are obtained for the diffusion length for various values of the scattering and cross-sectional parameters.Numerical results obtained from both scattering kernels for the diffusion length of the neutrons are given in tables side by side for comparison. The applicability of the method is easily demonstrated by these results.
