Single and joint toxic effects of polycyclic musks including 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2- benzopyran （HHCB） and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthalene （AHTN） a...Single and joint toxic effects of polycyclic musks including 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2- benzopyran （HHCB） and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthalene （AHTN） and cadmium （Cd） on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat （Triticum aestivum） were investigated. The results showed that the toxicity sequence of HHCB toxic to wheat seed germination and seedling growth was similar to that of AHTN, that is, germination rate 〉 shoot elongation 〉 root elongation, while the toxicity of Cd was in the sequence of root elongation 〉 shoot elongation 〉 germination rate, according to the LC50 and EC50 values. It is suggested that polycyclic musks and Cd had different toxicological mechanisms. Root and shoot elongation of wheat might be good bioindicators for the contamination of polycyclic musks and Cd in soil. The mixture of polycyclic musks and Cd had synergistic effects on T. aestivum according to the equi-toxic mixture approach when root elongation was selected as the toxicological endpoint. Thus, the joint toxicity of HHCB and Cd was significantly higher than the single toxicity of HHCB or Cd, which was also confirmed by the EC50mix value of the mixture （EC50mix = 0.530 TUrnix）. The EC50mix value of the mixture of AHTN and Cd was 0.614 TUmix, which indicated that the mixture toxicity was strengthened when AHTN coexisted with Cd.展开更多
The environmental residues of active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs)are associated with environmental risks and health problems,the influence to environment have become a matter of public concern.In this paper,the in...The environmental residues of active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs)are associated with environmental risks and health problems,the influence to environment have become a matter of public concern.In this paper,the individual and joint toxicities to vibrio fischeri of three APIs,including ibuprofen,azithromycin,and triclosan were investigated.The EC50 endpoint values of the above tested APIs were 36.5×10^-5 mol L^-1,30.26×10^-5 mol L^-1,and 0.0155×10^-5 mol L^-1 respectively.It was indicated that the endpoint toxicities to vibrio fischeri for different mixtures are higher than those of the individual toxins.The joint toxicities of the multiple systems of three pharmaceuticals were evaluated by the additive index,toxicity unit,and mixed toxicity index methods.The consistent evaluation results were obtained.It was observed that antagonistic effects in binary and ternary systems were appeared different antagonistic strengths.It was deduced that different functional groups of the studied pharmaceuticals could affect the physiological and biochemical reaction processes of organisms.The obtained data of the acute toxicities of pharmaceuticals to vibrio fischeri can facilitate the evaluation of the environmental risks associated with emerging pollutants.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 20777040)the Ministry of Education of China(No. 707011)
文摘Single and joint toxic effects of polycyclic musks including 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2- benzopyran （HHCB） and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthalene （AHTN） and cadmium （Cd） on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat （Triticum aestivum） were investigated. The results showed that the toxicity sequence of HHCB toxic to wheat seed germination and seedling growth was similar to that of AHTN, that is, germination rate 〉 shoot elongation 〉 root elongation, while the toxicity of Cd was in the sequence of root elongation 〉 shoot elongation 〉 germination rate, according to the LC50 and EC50 values. It is suggested that polycyclic musks and Cd had different toxicological mechanisms. Root and shoot elongation of wheat might be good bioindicators for the contamination of polycyclic musks and Cd in soil. The mixture of polycyclic musks and Cd had synergistic effects on T. aestivum according to the equi-toxic mixture approach when root elongation was selected as the toxicological endpoint. Thus, the joint toxicity of HHCB and Cd was significantly higher than the single toxicity of HHCB or Cd, which was also confirmed by the EC50mix value of the mixture （EC50mix = 0.530 TUrnix）. The EC50mix value of the mixture of AHTN and Cd was 0.614 TUmix, which indicated that the mixture toxicity was strengthened when AHTN coexisted with Cd.
基金This research was financially supported by Liaoning Science Technology Project Foundation(20180550107)Basic Scientific Research Funds of DLNU(2019).
文摘The environmental residues of active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs)are associated with environmental risks and health problems,the influence to environment have become a matter of public concern.In this paper,the individual and joint toxicities to vibrio fischeri of three APIs,including ibuprofen,azithromycin,and triclosan were investigated.The EC50 endpoint values of the above tested APIs were 36.5×10^-5 mol L^-1,30.26×10^-5 mol L^-1,and 0.0155×10^-5 mol L^-1 respectively.It was indicated that the endpoint toxicities to vibrio fischeri for different mixtures are higher than those of the individual toxins.The joint toxicities of the multiple systems of three pharmaceuticals were evaluated by the additive index,toxicity unit,and mixed toxicity index methods.The consistent evaluation results were obtained.It was observed that antagonistic effects in binary and ternary systems were appeared different antagonistic strengths.It was deduced that different functional groups of the studied pharmaceuticals could affect the physiological and biochemical reaction processes of organisms.The obtained data of the acute toxicities of pharmaceuticals to vibrio fischeri can facilitate the evaluation of the environmental risks associated with emerging pollutants.
