Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)threatens lily production by reducing floral quality and enabling carry-over via infected planting stock.To explore tissue-specific host responses,we analyzed a legacy,single-replicate RNA-se...Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)threatens lily production by reducing floral quality and enabling carry-over via infected planting stock.To explore tissue-specific host responses,we analyzed a legacy,single-replicate RNA-seq dataset from two cultivars,‘Cancun’and‘Connecticut King’(CK),profiling leaf(source)and bulb(sink)tissues at 0 and 28 days post-inoculation(dpi),alongside leaf DAS-ELISA.Principal component analysis indicated that tissue identity dominated the transcriptome(PC1=47.7%),with CMV treatment driving within-tissue shifts over time.Exploratory Gene Ontology/KEGG summaries and a focused marker panel revealed a consistent split:in leaves,genes linked to jasmonate/WRKY-associated defense(e.g.,WRKY40/41/51/53;AOS/OPR1/2;CYP74A/DDE2)tended to show higher expression at 28 dpi,whereas cell-wall/transport-related terms were reduced;in bulbs,transcripts associated with photosynthetic/organellar maintenance(LHCB/CAB,HCF107)andβ-amylase-linked carbohydrate turnover were more prominent,with comparatively limited elevation of canonical defense modules.Leaf ELISA trajectories were compatible with this framework:CK showed a transient peak at 14 dpi followed by a decline at 24 dpi,whereas‘Cancun’increased progressively.Taken together,the concordance among ordination,enrichment patterns,marker behavior,and leaf titers in this non-replicated dataset is consistent with a working model in which stronger or earlier leaf responses may contribute to partial containment and reduced systemic accumulation.We propose a compact leaf marker set(WRKY40/41/51/53;AOS/OPR1/2;CYP74A/DDE2)and bulb candidates(β-amylase;LHCB/CAB/HCF107)as hypothesis-generating indicators of containment and sink maintenance.These tissue-resolved patterns provide a descriptive framework and a starting point for future validation by qPCR and replicated RNA-seq across additional cultivars,with the long-term goal of informing selection and stock hygiene in lily production.展开更多
The roles of on endogenous jasmonates （JAs） and salicylic acid （SA） in wounding response were investigated. Pea （Pisum sativum L.） seedlings were treated with three different methods including mechanical woundin...The roles of on endogenous jasmonates （JAs） and salicylic acid （SA） in wounding response were investigated. Pea （Pisum sativum L.） seedlings were treated with three different methods including mechanical wounding, JAs application, and SA application. The contents of endogenous JAs and SA, as well as the activities of the related enzymes were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）, high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, and spectrophotometer, respectively. The results showed that endogenous JA rapidly accumulated within 30 min after wounding. The increase in the activities of both lipoxygenase （LOX） and allene oxide synthase （AOS） lagged behind JAs burst. A second slight increase in JAs level was observed at 24 h after wounding treatment, and at the same time point, higher activities of LOX and AOS were also detected. Endogenous free SA content decreased accompanied with JAs burst. Effects of exogenous JA application were similar to those of wounding treatment on endogenous SA level and phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL） activity, whereas exogenous SA application led to the significant inhibition of LOX and AOS activities and the decrease of endogenous JAs level at the early stage of treatment. It is thus suggested that JAs burst and SA decrease in early response to wounding may constitute an important mechanism by which plant starts the related defense reaction and adapts to wounding stress.展开更多
High temperature (HT) stress has become one of the most detrimental stresses in crop production among constantly changing environmental factors.Exploiting approaches to enhance crop thermotolerance would have great si...High temperature (HT) stress has become one of the most detrimental stresses in crop production among constantly changing environmental factors.Exploiting approaches to enhance crop thermotolerance would have great significance in assuaging adverse effects of HT stress on crop growth and development.As jasmonates (JAs) and brassinosteroids (BRs) are novel phytohormones and play important roles in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and in a wide range of plant developmental processes,this paper reviewed the roles and mechanisms of JAs and BRs in mitigating HT stress,with focus on rice (Oryza sativa L.) subjected to HT stress during anthesis.It is demonstrated that JAs alleviate spikelet-opening impairment and BRs ameliorate pistil fertilization ability under HT stress during anthesis of rice,although there are controversial observations.Activating the defense system,enhancing osmotic regulation,protecting photosynthesis,and interacting with other phytohormones,especially with ethylene and abscisic acid,are main physiological mechanisms by which JAs or BRs attenuate HT stress to plants.Elevating levels of JAs or BRs in plants could be considered as an important approach to enhance crop thermotolerance through breeding new varieties.Using JAs or BRs as chemical regulators and adopting proper water and nitrogen management practices could reduce the harm of HT stress to rice.Further research is needed to elucidate the roles of JAs and BRs in different plant tissues in responses to HT stress under different genetic backgrounds and environments,reveal the molecular mechanism underlying JAs and BRs mediating HT stress,understand the cross-talk between phytohormones in modulating HT stress,and establish integrated crop management to minimize the hazard of HT stress in rice production.展开更多
Wheat(Triticum aestivum)is one of the most essential human energy and protein sources.However,wheat production is threatened by devastating fungal diseases such as stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend.f....Wheat(Triticum aestivum)is one of the most essential human energy and protein sources.However,wheat production is threatened by devastating fungal diseases such as stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend.f.sp.tritici(Pst).Here,we reveal that the alternations in chloroplast lipid profiles and the accumulation of jasmonate(JA)in the necrosis region activate JA signaling and trigger the host defense.The collapse of chloroplasts in the necrosis region results in accumulations of polyunsaturated membrane lipids and the lipid-derived phytohormone JA in transgenic lines of Yr36 that encodes Wheat Kinase START 1(WKS1),a high-temperature-dependent adult plant resistance protein.WKS1.1,a protein encoded by a full-length splicing variant of WKS1,phosphorylates and enhances the activity of keto-acyl thiolase(KAT-2B),a critical enzyme catalyzing theβ-oxidation reaction in JA biosynthesis.The premature stop mutant,kat-2b,accumulates less JA and shows defects in the host defense against Pst.Conversely,overexpression of KAT-2B results in a higher level of JA and limits the growth of Pst.Moreover,JA inhibits the growth and reduces pustule densities of Pst.This study illustrates the WKS1.1-KAT-2B-JA pathway for enhancing wheat defense against fungal pathogens to attenuate yield loss.展开更多
Onion plants form spherical bulbs under long-day conditions.Substances regulating bulb formation remain unknown.In the course of chemical studies on the bulb formation,α-linolenic acid was isolated from onion extract...Onion plants form spherical bulbs under long-day conditions.Substances regulating bulb formation remain unknown.In the course of chemical studies on the bulb formation,α-linolenic acid was isolated from onion extracts as an antibulbing substance,the amount of which was synchronized with the bulb formation.Since allene oxide synthase inhibitor canceled the antibulbing activity ofα-linolenic acid,it was disclosed that jasmonic acid concerns this regulation.Structure-activity-relationship study revealed that its(3R,7S)stereochemistry is necessary for showing its antibulbing activity.It is concluded that(3R,7S)-jasmonate derived fromα-linolenic acid actually participates in the regulation of bulb formation.展开更多
基金the support of“Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development(Project No.PJ00926803)”Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea.
文摘Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)threatens lily production by reducing floral quality and enabling carry-over via infected planting stock.To explore tissue-specific host responses,we analyzed a legacy,single-replicate RNA-seq dataset from two cultivars,‘Cancun’and‘Connecticut King’(CK),profiling leaf(source)and bulb(sink)tissues at 0 and 28 days post-inoculation(dpi),alongside leaf DAS-ELISA.Principal component analysis indicated that tissue identity dominated the transcriptome(PC1=47.7%),with CMV treatment driving within-tissue shifts over time.Exploratory Gene Ontology/KEGG summaries and a focused marker panel revealed a consistent split:in leaves,genes linked to jasmonate/WRKY-associated defense(e.g.,WRKY40/41/51/53;AOS/OPR1/2;CYP74A/DDE2)tended to show higher expression at 28 dpi,whereas cell-wall/transport-related terms were reduced;in bulbs,transcripts associated with photosynthetic/organellar maintenance(LHCB/CAB,HCF107)andβ-amylase-linked carbohydrate turnover were more prominent,with comparatively limited elevation of canonical defense modules.Leaf ELISA trajectories were compatible with this framework:CK showed a transient peak at 14 dpi followed by a decline at 24 dpi,whereas‘Cancun’increased progressively.Taken together,the concordance among ordination,enrichment patterns,marker behavior,and leaf titers in this non-replicated dataset is consistent with a working model in which stronger or earlier leaf responses may contribute to partial containment and reduced systemic accumulation.We propose a compact leaf marker set(WRKY40/41/51/53;AOS/OPR1/2;CYP74A/DDE2)and bulb candidates(β-amylase;LHCB/CAB/HCF107)as hypothesis-generating indicators of containment and sink maintenance.These tissue-resolved patterns provide a descriptive framework and a starting point for future validation by qPCR and replicated RNA-seq across additional cultivars,with the long-term goal of informing selection and stock hygiene in lily production.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30471192, 30671468）.
文摘The roles of on endogenous jasmonates （JAs） and salicylic acid （SA） in wounding response were investigated. Pea （Pisum sativum L.） seedlings were treated with three different methods including mechanical wounding, JAs application, and SA application. The contents of endogenous JAs and SA, as well as the activities of the related enzymes were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）, high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, and spectrophotometer, respectively. The results showed that endogenous JA rapidly accumulated within 30 min after wounding. The increase in the activities of both lipoxygenase （LOX） and allene oxide synthase （AOS） lagged behind JAs burst. A second slight increase in JAs level was observed at 24 h after wounding treatment, and at the same time point, higher activities of LOX and AOS were also detected. Endogenous free SA content decreased accompanied with JAs burst. Effects of exogenous JA application were similar to those of wounding treatment on endogenous SA level and phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL） activity, whereas exogenous SA application led to the significant inhibition of LOX and AOS activities and the decrease of endogenous JAs level at the early stage of treatment. It is thus suggested that JAs burst and SA decrease in early response to wounding may constitute an important mechanism by which plant starts the related defense reaction and adapts to wounding stress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771710,32071943)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0300800)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD-1)。
文摘High temperature (HT) stress has become one of the most detrimental stresses in crop production among constantly changing environmental factors.Exploiting approaches to enhance crop thermotolerance would have great significance in assuaging adverse effects of HT stress on crop growth and development.As jasmonates (JAs) and brassinosteroids (BRs) are novel phytohormones and play important roles in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and in a wide range of plant developmental processes,this paper reviewed the roles and mechanisms of JAs and BRs in mitigating HT stress,with focus on rice (Oryza sativa L.) subjected to HT stress during anthesis.It is demonstrated that JAs alleviate spikelet-opening impairment and BRs ameliorate pistil fertilization ability under HT stress during anthesis of rice,although there are controversial observations.Activating the defense system,enhancing osmotic regulation,protecting photosynthesis,and interacting with other phytohormones,especially with ethylene and abscisic acid,are main physiological mechanisms by which JAs or BRs attenuate HT stress to plants.Elevating levels of JAs or BRs in plants could be considered as an important approach to enhance crop thermotolerance through breeding new varieties.Using JAs or BRs as chemical regulators and adopting proper water and nitrogen management practices could reduce the harm of HT stress to rice.Further research is needed to elucidate the roles of JAs and BRs in different plant tissues in responses to HT stress under different genetic backgrounds and environments,reveal the molecular mechanism underlying JAs and BRs mediating HT stress,understand the cross-talk between phytohormones in modulating HT stress,and establish integrated crop management to minimize the hazard of HT stress in rice production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372557,31972350)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M700850)an open project of the State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement at Henan University,and the Central Government guided Local Science and Technology Development Funds(2023ZY1016).
文摘Wheat(Triticum aestivum)is one of the most essential human energy and protein sources.However,wheat production is threatened by devastating fungal diseases such as stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend.f.sp.tritici(Pst).Here,we reveal that the alternations in chloroplast lipid profiles and the accumulation of jasmonate(JA)in the necrosis region activate JA signaling and trigger the host defense.The collapse of chloroplasts in the necrosis region results in accumulations of polyunsaturated membrane lipids and the lipid-derived phytohormone JA in transgenic lines of Yr36 that encodes Wheat Kinase START 1(WKS1),a high-temperature-dependent adult plant resistance protein.WKS1.1,a protein encoded by a full-length splicing variant of WKS1,phosphorylates and enhances the activity of keto-acyl thiolase(KAT-2B),a critical enzyme catalyzing theβ-oxidation reaction in JA biosynthesis.The premature stop mutant,kat-2b,accumulates less JA and shows defects in the host defense against Pst.Conversely,overexpression of KAT-2B results in a higher level of JA and limits the growth of Pst.Moreover,JA inhibits the growth and reduces pustule densities of Pst.This study illustrates the WKS1.1-KAT-2B-JA pathway for enhancing wheat defense against fungal pathogens to attenuate yield loss.
基金Supported by the Naito FoundationGrant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (22K05448)from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
文摘Onion plants form spherical bulbs under long-day conditions.Substances regulating bulb formation remain unknown.In the course of chemical studies on the bulb formation,α-linolenic acid was isolated from onion extracts as an antibulbing substance,the amount of which was synchronized with the bulb formation.Since allene oxide synthase inhibitor canceled the antibulbing activity ofα-linolenic acid,it was disclosed that jasmonic acid concerns this regulation.Structure-activity-relationship study revealed that its(3R,7S)stereochemistry is necessary for showing its antibulbing activity.It is concluded that(3R,7S)-jasmonate derived fromα-linolenic acid actually participates in the regulation of bulb formation.
