Accurate determination of rockhead is crucial for underground construction.Traditionally,borehole data are mainly used for this purpose.However,borehole drilling is costly,time-consuming,and sparsely distributed.Non-i...Accurate determination of rockhead is crucial for underground construction.Traditionally,borehole data are mainly used for this purpose.However,borehole drilling is costly,time-consuming,and sparsely distributed.Non-invasive geophysical methods,particularly those using passive seismic surface waves,have emerged as viable alternatives for geological profiling and rockhead detection.This study proposes three interpretation methods for rockhead determination using passive seismic surface wave data from Microtremor Array Measurement(MAM)and Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio(HVSR)tests.These are:(1)the Wavelength-Normalized phase velocity(WN)method in which a nonlinear relationship between rockhead depth and wavelength is established;(2)the Statistically Determined-shear wave velocity(SD-V_(s))method in which the representative V_(s) value for rockhead is automatically determined using a statistical method;and(3)the empirical HVSR method in which the rockhead is determined by interpreting resonant frequencies using a reliably calibrated empirical equation.These methods were implemented to determine rockhead depths at 28 locations across two distinct geological formations in Singapore,and the results were evaluated using borehole data.The WN method can determine rockhead depths accurately and reliably with minimal absolute errors(average RMSE=3.11 m),demonstrating robust performance across both geological formations.Its advantage lies in interpreting dispersion curves alone,without the need for the inversion process.The SD-V_(s) method is practical in engineering practice owing to its simplicity.The empirical HVSR method reasonably determines rockhead depths with moderate accuracy,benefiting from a reliably calibrated empirical equation.展开更多
The Agadem block is an area of major oil interest located in the large sedimentary basin of Termit,in the south-east of the Republic of Niger.Since the 1950s,this basin has known geological and geophysical research ac...The Agadem block is an area of major oil interest located in the large sedimentary basin of Termit,in the south-east of the Republic of Niger.Since the 1950s,this basin has known geological and geophysical research activities.However,despite the extensive research carried out,we believe that a geophysical contribution in terms of magnetic properties and their repercussions on the structure of the Agadem block allowing the improvement of existing knowledge is essential.The present study aims to study the structural characteristics of the Agadem block associated with magnetic anomalies.For this,after data shaping,several filtering techniques were applied to the aeromagnetic data to identify and map deep geological structures.The reduction to the pole map shows large negative wavelength anomalies in the southeast half of the block and short positive wavelength anomalies in the northwest part embedded in a large positive anomaly occupying the lower northern half of the block.The maps of the total horizontal derivative and tilt angle show lineaments globally distributed along the NW-SE direction in accordance with the structural style of the study area.The resulting map highlights numerous lineaments that may be associated with faults hidden by the sedimentary cover.The calculation of the Euler deconvolution allowed us to locate and estimate the depths of magnetic sources at variable depths of up to 4000 m.The compilation of the results obtained allowed us to locate zones of high and low intensities which correspond respectively to horsts and grabens as major structures of the Agadem block.展开更多
Dynamic stress adjustment in deep-buried high geostress hard rock tunnels frequently triggers catastrophic failures such as rockbursts and collapses.While a comprehensive understanding of this process is critical for ...Dynamic stress adjustment in deep-buried high geostress hard rock tunnels frequently triggers catastrophic failures such as rockbursts and collapses.While a comprehensive understanding of this process is critical for evaluating surrounding rock stability,its dynamic evolution are often overlooked in engineering practice.This study systematically summarizes a novel classification framework for stress adjustment types—stabilizing(two-zoned),shallow failure(three-zoned),and deep failure(four-zoned)—characterized by distinct stress adjustment stages.A dynamic interpretation technology system is developed based on microseismic monitoring,integrating key microseismic parameters(energy index EI,apparent stressσa,microseismic activity S),seismic source parameter space clustering,and microseismic paths.This approach enables precise identification of evolutionary stages,stress adjustment types,and failure precursors,thereby elucidating the intrinsic linkage between geomechanical processes(stress redistribution)and failure risks.The study establishes criteria and procedures for identifying stress adjustment types and their associated failure risks,which were successfully applied in the Grand Canyon Tunnel of the E-han Highway to detect 50 instances of disaster risks.The findings offer invaluable insights into understanding the evolution process of stress adjustment and pinpointing the disaster risks linked to hard rock in comparable high geostress tunnels.展开更多
The Husimi function(Q-function)of a quantum state is the distribution function of the density operator in the coherent state representation.It is widely used in theoretical research,such as in quantum optics.The Wehrl...The Husimi function(Q-function)of a quantum state is the distribution function of the density operator in the coherent state representation.It is widely used in theoretical research,such as in quantum optics.The Wehrl entropy is the Shannon entropy of the Husimi function,and is nonzero even for pure states.This entropy has been extensively studied in mathematical physics.Recent research also suggests a significant connection between the Wehrl entropy and manybody quantum entanglement in spin systems.We investigate the statistical interpretation of the Husimi function and the Wehrl entropy,taking the system of N spin-1/2 particles as an example.Due to the completeness of coherent states,the Husimi function and Wehrl entropy can be explained via the positive operator-valued measurement(POVM)theory,although the coherent states are not a set of orthonormal basis.Here,with the help of the Bayes’theorem,we provide an alternative probabilistic interpretation for the Husimi function and the Wehrl entropy.This interpretation is based on direct measurements of the system,and thus does not require the introduction of an ancillary system as in the POVM theory.Moreover,under this interpretation the classical correspondences of the Husimi function and the Wehrl entropy are just phase-space probability distribution function of N classical tops,and its associated entropy,respectively.Therefore,this explanation contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between the Husimi function,Wehrl entropy,and classical-quantum correspondence.The generalization of this statistical interpretation to continuous-variable systems is also discussed.展开更多
The Interpretation of Nursing Guidelines for Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke offers comprehensive recommendations across five key domains:hospital organizational management,patient condition monitori...The Interpretation of Nursing Guidelines for Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke offers comprehensive recommendations across five key domains:hospital organizational management,patient condition monitoring,complication observation and management,positioning and mobility away from the bed,and quality assurance.These Guidelines encompass all the phases of intravenous thrombolysis care for patients experiencing acute ischemic stroke.This article aims to elucidate the Guidelines by discussing their developmental background,the designation process,usage recommendations,and the interpretation of evolving perspectives,thereby providing valuable insights for clinical practice.展开更多
In recent years,deeps learning has been widely applied in synthetic aperture radar(SAR)image processing.However,the collection of large-scale labeled SAR images is challenging and costly,and the classification accurac...In recent years,deeps learning has been widely applied in synthetic aperture radar(SAR)image processing.However,the collection of large-scale labeled SAR images is challenging and costly,and the classification accuracy is often poor when only limited SAR images are available.To address this issue,we propose a novel framework for sparse SAR target classification under few-shot cases,termed the transfer learning-based interpretable lightweight convolutional neural network(TL-IL-CNN).Additionally,we employ enhanced gradient-weighted class activation mapping(Grad-CAM)to mitigate the“black box”effect often associated with deep learning models and to explore the mechanisms by which a CNN classifies various sparse SAR targets.Initially,we apply a novel bidirectional iterative soft thresholding(BiIST)algorithm to generate sparse images of superior quality compared to those produced by traditional matched filtering(MF)techniques.Subsequently,we pretrain multiple shallow CNNs on a simulated SAR image dataset.Using the sparse SAR dataset as input for the CNNs,we assess the efficacy of transfer learning in sparse SAR target classification and suggest the integration of TL-IL-CNN to enhance the classification accuracy further.Finally,Grad-CAM is utilized to provide visual explanations for the predictions made by the classification framework.The experimental results on the MSTAR dataset reveal that the proposed TL-IL-CNN achieves nearly 90%classification accuracy with only 20%of the training data required under standard operating conditions(SOC),surpassing typical deep learning methods such as vision Transformer(ViT)in the context of small samples.Remarkably,it even presents better performance under extended operating conditions(EOC).Furthermore,the application of Grad-CAM elucidates the CNN’s differentiation process among various sparse SAR targets.The experiments indicate that the model focuses on the target and the background can differ among target classes.The study contributes to an enhanced understanding of the interpretability of such results and enables us to infer the classification outcomes for each category more accurately.展开更多
Computer analysis of electrocardiograms(ECGs)was introduced more than 50 years ago,with the aim to improve efficiency and clinical workflow.[1,2]However,inaccuracies have been documented in the literature.[3,4]Researc...Computer analysis of electrocardiograms(ECGs)was introduced more than 50 years ago,with the aim to improve efficiency and clinical workflow.[1,2]However,inaccuracies have been documented in the literature.[3,4]Research indicates that emergency department(ED)clinician interruptions occur every 4-10 min,which is significantly more common than in other specialties.[5]This increases the cognitive load and error rates and impacts patient care and clinical effi ciency.[1,2,5]De-prioritization protocols have been introduced in certain centers in the United Kingdom(UK),removing the need for clinician ECG interpretation where ECGs have been interpreted as normal by the machine.展开更多
The“First Multidisciplinary Forum on COVID-19,”as one of the pivotal medical forums organized by China during the initial outbreak of the pandemic,garnered significant attention from numerous countries worldwide.Ens...The“First Multidisciplinary Forum on COVID-19,”as one of the pivotal medical forums organized by China during the initial outbreak of the pandemic,garnered significant attention from numerous countries worldwide.Ensuring the seamless execution of the forum’s translation necessitated exceptionally high standards for simultaneous interpreters.This paper,through the lens of the Translation as Adaptation and Selection theory within Eco-Translatology,conducts an analytical study of the live simultaneous interpretation at the First Multidisciplinary Forum on COVID-19.It examines the interpreters’adaptations and selections across multiple dimensions-namely,linguistic,cultural,and communicative-with the aim of elucidating the guiding role and recommendations that Eco-Translatology can offer to simultaneous interpretation.Furthermore,it seeks to provide insights that may enhance the quality of interpreters’oral translations.展开更多
The discrete fracture system of a rock mass plays a crucial role in controlling the stability of rock slopes.To fully account for the geometric shape and distribution characteristics of jointed rock masses,terrestrial...The discrete fracture system of a rock mass plays a crucial role in controlling the stability of rock slopes.To fully account for the geometric shape and distribution characteristics of jointed rock masses,terrestrial laser scanning(TLS)was employed to acquire high-resolution point-cloud data,and a developed automatic discontinuity-identification technology was coupled to automatically interpret and characterize geometric information such as orientation,trace length,spacing,and set number of the discontinuities.The discrete element method(DEM)was applied to study the influence of the geometric morphology and distribution characteristics of discontinuities on slope stability by generating a discrete fracture network(DFN)with the same statistical characteristics as the actual discontinuities.Based on slope data from the Yebatan Hydropower Station,a simulation was conducted to verify the applicability of the automatic discontinuity identification technology and the discrete fracture network-discrete element method(DFN-DEM).Various geological parameters,including trace length,persistence,and density,were examined to investigate the morphological evolution and response characteristics of rock slope excavation under different joint combination conditions through simulation.The simulation results indicate that joint parameters affect slope stability,with density having the most significant impact.The impact of joint parameters on stability is relatively small within a reasonable range but becomes significant beyond a certain threshold,further validating that the accuracy of field geological surveys is critical for simulation.This study provides a scientific basis for the construction of complex rock slope models,engineering assessments,and disaster prevention and mitigation,which is of great value in both theory and engineering applications.展开更多
This paper mainly focuses on the problems of interpretation teaching and its improving measures.First of all,the thesis analyzes the history of interpretation teaching in China.Secondly,it explores the problems of int...This paper mainly focuses on the problems of interpretation teaching and its improving measures.First of all,the thesis analyzes the history of interpretation teaching in China.Secondly,it explores the problems of interpretation teaching.Furthermore,it concentrates on the improving measures to instruct the teaching practice.展开更多
Data mining is the process of extracting implicit but potentially useful information from incomplete, noisy, and fuzzy data. Data mining offers excellent nonlinear modeling and self-organized learning, and it can play...Data mining is the process of extracting implicit but potentially useful information from incomplete, noisy, and fuzzy data. Data mining offers excellent nonlinear modeling and self-organized learning, and it can play a vital role in the interpretation of well logging data of complex reservoirs. We used data mining to identify the lithologies in a complex reservoir. The reservoir lithologies served as the classification task target and were identified using feature extraction, feature selection, and modeling of data streams. We used independent component analysis to extract information from well curves. We then used the branch-and- bound algorithm to look for the optimal feature subsets and eliminate redundant information. Finally, we used the C5.0 decision-tree algorithm to set up disaggregated models of the well logging curves. The modeling and actual logging data were in good agreement, showing the usefulness of data mining methods in complex reservoirs.展开更多
There are 17 “etc.” in total in “Amendment （IX） to the Criminal Law”. According to examination, all these “etc.” indicatethe meaning of and so on. However, unlisted scope and dimension are related with citizen...There are 17 “etc.” in total in “Amendment （IX） to the Criminal Law”. According to examination, all these “etc.” indicatethe meaning of and so on. However, unlisted scope and dimension are related with citizens’ life and death matters. Therefore, criminal lawinterpretation of “etc.” shall be reasonably conducted with multiple interpretation methods such as system interpretation and kin interpretationunder the prerequisite of literal interpretation.展开更多
'Five Zen-Mountains' are the five temples of Zen designated as the royal court of Southern Song Dynasty. As the typical representatives of South Temples, they play an important part in the history of Chinese B...'Five Zen-Mountains' are the five temples of Zen designated as the royal court of Southern Song Dynasty. As the typical representatives of South Temples, they play an important part in the history of Chinese Buddhism. 'Five Mountains' are the masterpieces of landscape construction with beautiful and attractive landscape environment. On the basis of the in-depth study of the general rule of 'Five Mountains' landscape environment, this research sums up the geomancy concept, landscape worship concept, aesthetic concept and the inner ideology which are hidden behind the landscape environment.展开更多
Through questionnaire,satisfaction evaluation of tourism interpretation was obtained in Cuihuashan National Geopark in Xi'an.The result showed that tourists' evaluation of interpretation system was bad;the wor...Through questionnaire,satisfaction evaluation of tourism interpretation was obtained in Cuihuashan National Geopark in Xi'an.The result showed that tourists' evaluation of interpretation system was bad;the worst evaluation was that on tour guidance and visitor center;the worsen evaluation was that on advice brand,prints,audio-visual products and signboards.The reasons were:the guide quality was low and interpretation content was not scientific;signboards were few in quantity and unreasonable in arrangement;audio-visual products and guideposts were few in species,poor in practical applicability and not exquisite in design;visitor center of the scenic area provided less information services and convenient services.Finally,some suggestions were proposed to perfect tourism interpretation of Cuihuashan National Geopark.展开更多
An automatic well test interpretation method for radial composite reservoirs based on convolutional neural network(CNN) is proposed, and its effectiveness and accuracy are verified by actual field data. In this paper,...An automatic well test interpretation method for radial composite reservoirs based on convolutional neural network(CNN) is proposed, and its effectiveness and accuracy are verified by actual field data. In this paper, based on the data transformed by logarithm function and the loss function of mean square error(MSE), the optimal CNN is obtained by reducing the loss function to optimize the network with "dropout" method to avoid over fitting. The trained optimal network can be directly used to interpret the buildup or drawdown pressure data of the well in the radial composite reservoir, that is, the log-log plot of the given measured pressure variation and its derivative data are input into the network, the outputs are corresponding reservoir parameters(mobility ratio, storativity ratio, dimensionless composite radius, and dimensionless group characterizing well storage and skin effects), which realizes the automatic initial fitting of well test interpretation parameters. The method is verified with field measured data of Daqing Oilfield. The research shows that the method has high interpretation accuracy, and it is superior to the analytical method and the least square method.展开更多
Spectral decomposition has been widely used in the detection and identifi cation of underground anomalous features(such as faults,river channels,and karst caves).However,the conventional spectral decomposition method ...Spectral decomposition has been widely used in the detection and identifi cation of underground anomalous features(such as faults,river channels,and karst caves).However,the conventional spectral decomposition method is restrained by the window function,and hence,it mostly has low time–frequency focusing and resolution,thereby hampering the fi ne interpretation of seismic targets.To solve this problem,we investigated the sparse inverse spectral decomposition constrained by the lp norm(0<p≤1).Using a numerical model,we demonstrated the higher time–frequency resolution of this method and its capability for improving the seismic interpretation for thin layers.Moreover,given the actual underground geology that can be often complex,we further propose a p-norm constrained inverse spectral attribute interpretation method based on multiresolution time–frequency feature fusion.By comprehensively analyzing the time–frequency spectrum results constrained by the diff erent p-norms,we can obtain more refined interpretation results than those obtained by the traditional strategy,which incorporates a single norm constraint.Finally,the proposed strategy was applied to the processing and interpretation of actual three-dimensional seismic data for a study area covering about 230 km^(2) in western China.The results reveal that the surface water system in this area is characterized by stepwise convergence from a higher position in the north(a buried hill)toward the south and by the development of faults.We thus demonstrated that the proposed method has huge application potential in seismic interpretation.展开更多
For classifying unknown 3-D objects into a set of predetermined object classes, a part-level object classification method based on the improved interpretation tree is presented. The part-level representation is implem...For classifying unknown 3-D objects into a set of predetermined object classes, a part-level object classification method based on the improved interpretation tree is presented. The part-level representation is implemented, which enables a more compact shape description of 3-D objects. The proposed classification method consists of two key processing stages： the improved constrained search on an interpretation tree and the following shape similarity measure computation. By the classification method, both whole match and partial match with shape similarity ranks are achieved; especially, focus match can be accomplished, where different key parts may be labeled and all the matched models containing corresponding key parts may be obtained. A series of experiments show the effectiveness of the presented 3-D object classification method.展开更多
In recent years the market demand for interpreters is gradually increase. interpretation teaching make more and morepopular. How to improve students’abilities of listening comprehension and shorthand made interpretat...In recent years the market demand for interpreters is gradually increase. interpretation teaching make more and morepopular. How to improve students’abilities of listening comprehension and shorthand made interpretation teachers must face anda new subject.展开更多
For departmental legal norms concerning citizens’basic rights,when multiple interpretations are possible based on individual case circumstances,interpreters representing public authority need to apply the method of c...For departmental legal norms concerning citizens’basic rights,when multiple interpretations are possible based on individual case circumstances,interpreters representing public authority need to apply the method of constitutional interpretation to screen out the interpretation conclusions that do not violate the Constitution.This means selecting interpretations at the constitutional level that do not overly restrict citizens’basic rights and understanding the specific connotations of legal norms with the principle of“not infringing on citizens’basic rights.”The Constitution,as a framework order,does not require interpreters to choose the most constitutionally aligned interpretation among various constitutional interpretations.If a legal norm does not have a constitutional interpretation conclusion in an individual case circumstance,it indicates that the application of that norm in the case is unconstitutional,and the interpreter should avoid applying the legal norm in that case.Regarding judgment standards,interpreters should apply the principle of proportionality to determine whether each legal interpretation conclusion concerning basic rights-related legal norms complies with the Constitution.Out of respect for the legislature,the application of the sub-principles of pro-portionality should consider the boundaries of interpretative actions.展开更多
基金partially supported by the Singapore Ministry of National Development and the National Research Foundation,Prime Minister’s Office,Singapore,under the Land and Liveability National Innovation Challenge(L2 NIC)Research Program(Grant No.L2NICCFP2-2015-1)by the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Singapore,under the Virtual Singapore program(Grant No.NRF2019VSG-GMS-001).
文摘Accurate determination of rockhead is crucial for underground construction.Traditionally,borehole data are mainly used for this purpose.However,borehole drilling is costly,time-consuming,and sparsely distributed.Non-invasive geophysical methods,particularly those using passive seismic surface waves,have emerged as viable alternatives for geological profiling and rockhead detection.This study proposes three interpretation methods for rockhead determination using passive seismic surface wave data from Microtremor Array Measurement(MAM)and Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio(HVSR)tests.These are:(1)the Wavelength-Normalized phase velocity(WN)method in which a nonlinear relationship between rockhead depth and wavelength is established;(2)the Statistically Determined-shear wave velocity(SD-V_(s))method in which the representative V_(s) value for rockhead is automatically determined using a statistical method;and(3)the empirical HVSR method in which the rockhead is determined by interpreting resonant frequencies using a reliably calibrated empirical equation.These methods were implemented to determine rockhead depths at 28 locations across two distinct geological formations in Singapore,and the results were evaluated using borehole data.The WN method can determine rockhead depths accurately and reliably with minimal absolute errors(average RMSE=3.11 m),demonstrating robust performance across both geological formations.Its advantage lies in interpreting dispersion curves alone,without the need for the inversion process.The SD-V_(s) method is practical in engineering practice owing to its simplicity.The empirical HVSR method reasonably determines rockhead depths with moderate accuracy,benefiting from a reliably calibrated empirical equation.
文摘The Agadem block is an area of major oil interest located in the large sedimentary basin of Termit,in the south-east of the Republic of Niger.Since the 1950s,this basin has known geological and geophysical research activities.However,despite the extensive research carried out,we believe that a geophysical contribution in terms of magnetic properties and their repercussions on the structure of the Agadem block allowing the improvement of existing knowledge is essential.The present study aims to study the structural characteristics of the Agadem block associated with magnetic anomalies.For this,after data shaping,several filtering techniques were applied to the aeromagnetic data to identify and map deep geological structures.The reduction to the pole map shows large negative wavelength anomalies in the southeast half of the block and short positive wavelength anomalies in the northwest part embedded in a large positive anomaly occupying the lower northern half of the block.The maps of the total horizontal derivative and tilt angle show lineaments globally distributed along the NW-SE direction in accordance with the structural style of the study area.The resulting map highlights numerous lineaments that may be associated with faults hidden by the sedimentary cover.The calculation of the Euler deconvolution allowed us to locate and estimate the depths of magnetic sources at variable depths of up to 4000 m.The compilation of the results obtained allowed us to locate zones of high and low intensities which correspond respectively to horsts and grabens as major structures of the Agadem block.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42177173,U23A20651 and 42130719)and the Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2025NSFJQ0003)。
文摘Dynamic stress adjustment in deep-buried high geostress hard rock tunnels frequently triggers catastrophic failures such as rockbursts and collapses.While a comprehensive understanding of this process is critical for evaluating surrounding rock stability,its dynamic evolution are often overlooked in engineering practice.This study systematically summarizes a novel classification framework for stress adjustment types—stabilizing(two-zoned),shallow failure(three-zoned),and deep failure(four-zoned)—characterized by distinct stress adjustment stages.A dynamic interpretation technology system is developed based on microseismic monitoring,integrating key microseismic parameters(energy index EI,apparent stressσa,microseismic activity S),seismic source parameter space clustering,and microseismic paths.This approach enables precise identification of evolutionary stages,stress adjustment types,and failure precursors,thereby elucidating the intrinsic linkage between geomechanical processes(stress redistribution)and failure risks.The study establishes criteria and procedures for identifying stress adjustment types and their associated failure risks,which were successfully applied in the Grand Canyon Tunnel of the E-han Highway to detect 50 instances of disaster risks.The findings offer invaluable insights into understanding the evolution process of stress adjustment and pinpointing the disaster risks linked to hard rock in comparable high geostress tunnels.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[Grant No.2022YFA1405300(PZ)]the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2023ZD0300700)。
文摘The Husimi function(Q-function)of a quantum state is the distribution function of the density operator in the coherent state representation.It is widely used in theoretical research,such as in quantum optics.The Wehrl entropy is the Shannon entropy of the Husimi function,and is nonzero even for pure states.This entropy has been extensively studied in mathematical physics.Recent research also suggests a significant connection between the Wehrl entropy and manybody quantum entanglement in spin systems.We investigate the statistical interpretation of the Husimi function and the Wehrl entropy,taking the system of N spin-1/2 particles as an example.Due to the completeness of coherent states,the Husimi function and Wehrl entropy can be explained via the positive operator-valued measurement(POVM)theory,although the coherent states are not a set of orthonormal basis.Here,with the help of the Bayes’theorem,we provide an alternative probabilistic interpretation for the Husimi function and the Wehrl entropy.This interpretation is based on direct measurements of the system,and thus does not require the introduction of an ancillary system as in the POVM theory.Moreover,under this interpretation the classical correspondences of the Husimi function and the Wehrl entropy are just phase-space probability distribution function of N classical tops,and its associated entropy,respectively.Therefore,this explanation contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between the Husimi function,Wehrl entropy,and classical-quantum correspondence.The generalization of this statistical interpretation to continuous-variable systems is also discussed.
文摘The Interpretation of Nursing Guidelines for Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke offers comprehensive recommendations across five key domains:hospital organizational management,patient condition monitoring,complication observation and management,positioning and mobility away from the bed,and quality assurance.These Guidelines encompass all the phases of intravenous thrombolysis care for patients experiencing acute ischemic stroke.This article aims to elucidate the Guidelines by discussing their developmental background,the designation process,usage recommendations,and the interpretation of evolving perspectives,thereby providing valuable insights for clinical practice.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation(Nos.62271248,62401256)in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Ji-angsu Province(Nos.BK20230090,BK20241384)in part by the Key Laboratory of Land Satellite Remote Sens-ing Application,Ministry of Natural Resources of China(No.KLSMNR-K202303)。
文摘In recent years,deeps learning has been widely applied in synthetic aperture radar(SAR)image processing.However,the collection of large-scale labeled SAR images is challenging and costly,and the classification accuracy is often poor when only limited SAR images are available.To address this issue,we propose a novel framework for sparse SAR target classification under few-shot cases,termed the transfer learning-based interpretable lightweight convolutional neural network(TL-IL-CNN).Additionally,we employ enhanced gradient-weighted class activation mapping(Grad-CAM)to mitigate the“black box”effect often associated with deep learning models and to explore the mechanisms by which a CNN classifies various sparse SAR targets.Initially,we apply a novel bidirectional iterative soft thresholding(BiIST)algorithm to generate sparse images of superior quality compared to those produced by traditional matched filtering(MF)techniques.Subsequently,we pretrain multiple shallow CNNs on a simulated SAR image dataset.Using the sparse SAR dataset as input for the CNNs,we assess the efficacy of transfer learning in sparse SAR target classification and suggest the integration of TL-IL-CNN to enhance the classification accuracy further.Finally,Grad-CAM is utilized to provide visual explanations for the predictions made by the classification framework.The experimental results on the MSTAR dataset reveal that the proposed TL-IL-CNN achieves nearly 90%classification accuracy with only 20%of the training data required under standard operating conditions(SOC),surpassing typical deep learning methods such as vision Transformer(ViT)in the context of small samples.Remarkably,it even presents better performance under extended operating conditions(EOC).Furthermore,the application of Grad-CAM elucidates the CNN’s differentiation process among various sparse SAR targets.The experiments indicate that the model focuses on the target and the background can differ among target classes.The study contributes to an enhanced understanding of the interpretability of such results and enables us to infer the classification outcomes for each category more accurately.
文摘Computer analysis of electrocardiograms(ECGs)was introduced more than 50 years ago,with the aim to improve efficiency and clinical workflow.[1,2]However,inaccuracies have been documented in the literature.[3,4]Research indicates that emergency department(ED)clinician interruptions occur every 4-10 min,which is significantly more common than in other specialties.[5]This increases the cognitive load and error rates and impacts patient care and clinical effi ciency.[1,2,5]De-prioritization protocols have been introduced in certain centers in the United Kingdom(UK),removing the need for clinician ECG interpretation where ECGs have been interpreted as normal by the machine.
文摘The“First Multidisciplinary Forum on COVID-19,”as one of the pivotal medical forums organized by China during the initial outbreak of the pandemic,garnered significant attention from numerous countries worldwide.Ensuring the seamless execution of the forum’s translation necessitated exceptionally high standards for simultaneous interpreters.This paper,through the lens of the Translation as Adaptation and Selection theory within Eco-Translatology,conducts an analytical study of the live simultaneous interpretation at the First Multidisciplinary Forum on COVID-19.It examines the interpreters’adaptations and selections across multiple dimensions-namely,linguistic,cultural,and communicative-with the aim of elucidating the guiding role and recommendations that Eco-Translatology can offer to simultaneous interpretation.Furthermore,it seeks to provide insights that may enhance the quality of interpreters’oral translations.
基金We acknowledge the funding support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3080100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42102316)the opening fund of State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering,Sichuan University(Grant No.SKHL2306).
文摘The discrete fracture system of a rock mass plays a crucial role in controlling the stability of rock slopes.To fully account for the geometric shape and distribution characteristics of jointed rock masses,terrestrial laser scanning(TLS)was employed to acquire high-resolution point-cloud data,and a developed automatic discontinuity-identification technology was coupled to automatically interpret and characterize geometric information such as orientation,trace length,spacing,and set number of the discontinuities.The discrete element method(DEM)was applied to study the influence of the geometric morphology and distribution characteristics of discontinuities on slope stability by generating a discrete fracture network(DFN)with the same statistical characteristics as the actual discontinuities.Based on slope data from the Yebatan Hydropower Station,a simulation was conducted to verify the applicability of the automatic discontinuity identification technology and the discrete fracture network-discrete element method(DFN-DEM).Various geological parameters,including trace length,persistence,and density,were examined to investigate the morphological evolution and response characteristics of rock slope excavation under different joint combination conditions through simulation.The simulation results indicate that joint parameters affect slope stability,with density having the most significant impact.The impact of joint parameters on stability is relatively small within a reasonable range but becomes significant beyond a certain threshold,further validating that the accuracy of field geological surveys is critical for simulation.This study provides a scientific basis for the construction of complex rock slope models,engineering assessments,and disaster prevention and mitigation,which is of great value in both theory and engineering applications.
文摘This paper mainly focuses on the problems of interpretation teaching and its improving measures.First of all,the thesis analyzes the history of interpretation teaching in China.Secondly,it explores the problems of interpretation teaching.Furthermore,it concentrates on the improving measures to instruct the teaching practice.
基金sponsored by the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2011ZX05023-005-006)
文摘Data mining is the process of extracting implicit but potentially useful information from incomplete, noisy, and fuzzy data. Data mining offers excellent nonlinear modeling and self-organized learning, and it can play a vital role in the interpretation of well logging data of complex reservoirs. We used data mining to identify the lithologies in a complex reservoir. The reservoir lithologies served as the classification task target and were identified using feature extraction, feature selection, and modeling of data streams. We used independent component analysis to extract information from well curves. We then used the branch-and- bound algorithm to look for the optimal feature subsets and eliminate redundant information. Finally, we used the C5.0 decision-tree algorithm to set up disaggregated models of the well logging curves. The modeling and actual logging data were in good agreement, showing the usefulness of data mining methods in complex reservoirs.
文摘There are 17 “etc.” in total in “Amendment （IX） to the Criminal Law”. According to examination, all these “etc.” indicatethe meaning of and so on. However, unlisted scope and dimension are related with citizens’ life and death matters. Therefore, criminal lawinterpretation of “etc.” shall be reasonably conducted with multiple interpretation methods such as system interpretation and kin interpretationunder the prerequisite of literal interpretation.
文摘'Five Zen-Mountains' are the five temples of Zen designated as the royal court of Southern Song Dynasty. As the typical representatives of South Temples, they play an important part in the history of Chinese Buddhism. 'Five Mountains' are the masterpieces of landscape construction with beautiful and attractive landscape environment. On the basis of the in-depth study of the general rule of 'Five Mountains' landscape environment, this research sums up the geomancy concept, landscape worship concept, aesthetic concept and the inner ideology which are hidden behind the landscape environment.
基金Supported by Programs of Department of Education of Shaanxi Province (08JK045,07JK079)~~
文摘Through questionnaire,satisfaction evaluation of tourism interpretation was obtained in Cuihuashan National Geopark in Xi'an.The result showed that tourists' evaluation of interpretation system was bad;the worst evaluation was that on tour guidance and visitor center;the worsen evaluation was that on advice brand,prints,audio-visual products and signboards.The reasons were:the guide quality was low and interpretation content was not scientific;signboards were few in quantity and unreasonable in arrangement;audio-visual products and guideposts were few in species,poor in practical applicability and not exquisite in design;visitor center of the scenic area provided less information services and convenient services.Finally,some suggestions were proposed to perfect tourism interpretation of Cuihuashan National Geopark.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05009005-002)
文摘An automatic well test interpretation method for radial composite reservoirs based on convolutional neural network(CNN) is proposed, and its effectiveness and accuracy are verified by actual field data. In this paper, based on the data transformed by logarithm function and the loss function of mean square error(MSE), the optimal CNN is obtained by reducing the loss function to optimize the network with "dropout" method to avoid over fitting. The trained optimal network can be directly used to interpret the buildup or drawdown pressure data of the well in the radial composite reservoir, that is, the log-log plot of the given measured pressure variation and its derivative data are input into the network, the outputs are corresponding reservoir parameters(mobility ratio, storativity ratio, dimensionless composite radius, and dimensionless group characterizing well storage and skin effects), which realizes the automatic initial fitting of well test interpretation parameters. The method is verified with field measured data of Daqing Oilfield. The research shows that the method has high interpretation accuracy, and it is superior to the analytical method and the least square method.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41974140)the PetroChina Prospective,Basic,and Strategic Technology Research Project (No. 2021DJ0606)
文摘Spectral decomposition has been widely used in the detection and identifi cation of underground anomalous features(such as faults,river channels,and karst caves).However,the conventional spectral decomposition method is restrained by the window function,and hence,it mostly has low time–frequency focusing and resolution,thereby hampering the fi ne interpretation of seismic targets.To solve this problem,we investigated the sparse inverse spectral decomposition constrained by the lp norm(0<p≤1).Using a numerical model,we demonstrated the higher time–frequency resolution of this method and its capability for improving the seismic interpretation for thin layers.Moreover,given the actual underground geology that can be often complex,we further propose a p-norm constrained inverse spectral attribute interpretation method based on multiresolution time–frequency feature fusion.By comprehensively analyzing the time–frequency spectrum results constrained by the diff erent p-norms,we can obtain more refined interpretation results than those obtained by the traditional strategy,which incorporates a single norm constraint.Finally,the proposed strategy was applied to the processing and interpretation of actual three-dimensional seismic data for a study area covering about 230 km^(2) in western China.The results reveal that the surface water system in this area is characterized by stepwise convergence from a higher position in the north(a buried hill)toward the south and by the development of faults.We thus demonstrated that the proposed method has huge application potential in seismic interpretation.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China(973Program)(No2006CB303105)the Research Foundation of Bei-jing Jiaotong University (NoK06J0170)
文摘For classifying unknown 3-D objects into a set of predetermined object classes, a part-level object classification method based on the improved interpretation tree is presented. The part-level representation is implemented, which enables a more compact shape description of 3-D objects. The proposed classification method consists of two key processing stages： the improved constrained search on an interpretation tree and the following shape similarity measure computation. By the classification method, both whole match and partial match with shape similarity ranks are achieved; especially, focus match can be accomplished, where different key parts may be labeled and all the matched models containing corresponding key parts may be obtained. A series of experiments show the effectiveness of the presented 3-D object classification method.
文摘In recent years the market demand for interpreters is gradually increase. interpretation teaching make more and morepopular. How to improve students’abilities of listening comprehension and shorthand made interpretation teachers must face anda new subject.
文摘For departmental legal norms concerning citizens’basic rights,when multiple interpretations are possible based on individual case circumstances,interpreters representing public authority need to apply the method of constitutional interpretation to screen out the interpretation conclusions that do not violate the Constitution.This means selecting interpretations at the constitutional level that do not overly restrict citizens’basic rights and understanding the specific connotations of legal norms with the principle of“not infringing on citizens’basic rights.”The Constitution,as a framework order,does not require interpreters to choose the most constitutionally aligned interpretation among various constitutional interpretations.If a legal norm does not have a constitutional interpretation conclusion in an individual case circumstance,it indicates that the application of that norm in the case is unconstitutional,and the interpreter should avoid applying the legal norm in that case.Regarding judgment standards,interpreters should apply the principle of proportionality to determine whether each legal interpretation conclusion concerning basic rights-related legal norms complies with the Constitution.Out of respect for the legislature,the application of the sub-principles of pro-portionality should consider the boundaries of interpretative actions.
