In this paper, we derive the bright and dark photon number states for spatial interference of two or more light beams and succeed in the explanation of Young's interference experiment, and also achieve a better co...In this paper, we derive the bright and dark photon number states for spatial interference of two or more light beams and succeed in the explanation of Young's interference experiment, and also achieve a better comprehension of the well known comment of Dirac 'each photon only interferences with itself'. Prom the fully quantum point of view, the origin of the interference fringes consists in the mode transformation and the detection of double-slit states.展开更多
Bivalve aquaculture plays a crucial role in the aquaculture industry due to the economic value of many bivalve species.Understanding the underlying genetic basis of bivalve growth regulation is essential for enhancing...Bivalve aquaculture plays a crucial role in the aquaculture industry due to the economic value of many bivalve species.Understanding the underlying genetic basis of bivalve growth regulation is essential for enhancing germplasm innovation and ensuring sustainable development of the industry.Though numerous candidate genes have been identified,their functional validation remains challenging.Fortunately,the dwarf surf clam(Mulinia lateralis)serves as a promising model organism for investigating genetic mechanisms underlying growth regulation in bivalves.The GWAS study in the Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)has pinpointed the E2F3 gene as a key regulator of growth-related traits.However,the specific role of E2F3 in bivalve growth remains unclear.This study aimed to further confirm the regulatory function of the E2F3 gene in the dwarf surf clam through RNA interference experiments.Our results revealed several genes are associated with individual growth and development,including CTS7,HSP70B2,and PGLYRP3,as well as genes involved in lipid metabolism such as FABP2 and FASN.Functional enrichment analysis indicated that E2F3 primarily modulates critical processes like amino acid and lipid metabolism.These findings suggest that E2F3 likely regulates growth in the dwarf surf clam by influencing amino acid and lipid metabolism.Overall,this study advances our understanding on the function of E2F3 gene in growth regulation in bivalves,providing valuable insights for future research in this field.展开更多
The Aharonov-Bohm(AB)effect is an important discovery of quantum theory.It serves as a surprising quantum phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle can be affected by an electromagnetic potential,despite be...The Aharonov-Bohm(AB)effect is an important discovery of quantum theory.It serves as a surprising quantum phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle can be affected by an electromagnetic potential,despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field and electric field are zero.This fact gives the electromagnetic potentials greater significance in quantum physics than in classical physics.The original AB effect belongs to an“electromagnetic type”.A certain vector potential is crucial for building a certain type of AB effect.In this work,we focus on the“spin”,which is an intrinsic property of microscopic particles that has been widely accepted nowadays.First,we propose the hypothesis of spin vector potential by considering a particle with a spin operator.Second,to verify the existence of such a spin vector potential,we present a gedanken double-slit interference experiment(i.e.,the spin AB effect),which is possible to be observed in the lab.Third,we apply the spin vector potential to naturally explain why there were the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya-type interaction and the dipole-dipole interaction between spins,and also predict a new type of spin-orbital interaction.展开更多
文摘In this paper, we derive the bright and dark photon number states for spatial interference of two or more light beams and succeed in the explanation of Young's interference experiment, and also achieve a better comprehension of the well known comment of Dirac 'each photon only interferences with itself'. Prom the fully quantum point of view, the origin of the interference fringes consists in the mode transformation and the detection of double-slit states.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U2106231)the Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province (No. 2021 ZLGX03)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFD2400303)
文摘Bivalve aquaculture plays a crucial role in the aquaculture industry due to the economic value of many bivalve species.Understanding the underlying genetic basis of bivalve growth regulation is essential for enhancing germplasm innovation and ensuring sustainable development of the industry.Though numerous candidate genes have been identified,their functional validation remains challenging.Fortunately,the dwarf surf clam(Mulinia lateralis)serves as a promising model organism for investigating genetic mechanisms underlying growth regulation in bivalves.The GWAS study in the Yesso scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis)has pinpointed the E2F3 gene as a key regulator of growth-related traits.However,the specific role of E2F3 in bivalve growth remains unclear.This study aimed to further confirm the regulatory function of the E2F3 gene in the dwarf surf clam through RNA interference experiments.Our results revealed several genes are associated with individual growth and development,including CTS7,HSP70B2,and PGLYRP3,as well as genes involved in lipid metabolism such as FABP2 and FASN.Functional enrichment analysis indicated that E2F3 primarily modulates critical processes like amino acid and lipid metabolism.These findings suggest that E2F3 likely regulates growth in the dwarf surf clam by influencing amino acid and lipid metabolism.Overall,this study advances our understanding on the function of E2F3 gene in growth regulation in bivalves,providing valuable insights for future research in this field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12275136 and 12075001)the 111 Project of B23045supported by the Nankai Zhide Foundations.
文摘The Aharonov-Bohm(AB)effect is an important discovery of quantum theory.It serves as a surprising quantum phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle can be affected by an electromagnetic potential,despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field and electric field are zero.This fact gives the electromagnetic potentials greater significance in quantum physics than in classical physics.The original AB effect belongs to an“electromagnetic type”.A certain vector potential is crucial for building a certain type of AB effect.In this work,we focus on the“spin”,which is an intrinsic property of microscopic particles that has been widely accepted nowadays.First,we propose the hypothesis of spin vector potential by considering a particle with a spin operator.Second,to verify the existence of such a spin vector potential,we present a gedanken double-slit interference experiment(i.e.,the spin AB effect),which is possible to be observed in the lab.Third,we apply the spin vector potential to naturally explain why there were the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya-type interaction and the dipole-dipole interaction between spins,and also predict a new type of spin-orbital interaction.
