In this work,an effective catalyst of Cu/MnOOH has been successfully constructed for electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction(e NO_(3)RR)for synthesis of ammonia(NH_(3))under ambient conditions.The substrate of MnOO...In this work,an effective catalyst of Cu/MnOOH has been successfully constructed for electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction(e NO_(3)RR)for synthesis of ammonia(NH_(3))under ambient conditions.The substrate of MnOOH plays an important role on the size and electronic structure of Cu nanoparticles,where Cu has the ultrafine size of 2.2 nm and positive shift of its valence states,which in turn causes the increased number of Cu active sites and enhanced intrinsic activity of every active site.As a result,this catalyst realizes an excellent catalytic performance on eNO_(3)RR with the maximal NH_(3)Faraday efficiency(FE)(96.8%)and the highest yield rate(55.51 mg h^(-1)cm^(-2))at a large NH_(3)partial current density of700 m A/cm^(2),which could help to promote the industrialization of NH_(3)production under ambient conditions.展开更多
Interfacial interactions involving Van der Waals force, hydrophobic attractive force and hydration exclusive force were investigated in this paper. The interfacial interactive free energy of a series of interfaces occ...Interfacial interactions involving Van der Waals force, hydrophobic attractive force and hydration exclusive force were investigated in this paper. The interfacial interactive free energy of a series of interfaces occurring between minerals, water, collectors and bubble was calculated. The results show that a Van der Waals attractive force and a hydrophobic attractive force exist between each mineral and water interface. The hydrophobic attractive force between molybdenite and water is markedly weaker than the hydrophobic attractive force between gangue and water. The hydrophobic attractive force between collector molecules and water is the main driving force that causes the collectors to become dispersed in the pulp. The strong hydrophobic attractive force between molybdenite and the bubble interface is the basic reason for the natural floatability of molybdenite. The Van der Waals force between molybdenite and the collectors is attractive in water solution, but it is not the cause of the main force between them. The main force that results in the collection effect is a hydrophobic attractive force caused by the Lewis acid-base interaction at the molybdenite surface. A floatation experiment shows that the adsorption intensity of the collector on the molybdenite surface is not the crucial factor for molybdenite floatation. Rather, the dispersing capability of the collector in the water phase and its selectivity for the various minerals in the floatation system are more important.展开更多
The hydration film on particle surface plays an important role in bubble-particle adhesion in mineral flotation process. The thicknesses of the hydration films on natural hydrophobic coal and hydrophilic mica surfaces...The hydration film on particle surface plays an important role in bubble-particle adhesion in mineral flotation process. The thicknesses of the hydration films on natural hydrophobic coal and hydrophilic mica surfaces were measured directly by atomic force microscopy (AFM) based on the bending mode of the nominal constant compliance regime in AFM force curve in the present study. Surface and solid-liquid interfacial energies were calculated to explain the forming mechanism of the hydration film and atomic force microscopy data. The results show that there are significant differences in the structure and thickness of hydration films on coal and mica surfaces. Hydration film formed on mica surface with the thickness of 22.5 nm. In contrast, the bend was not detected in the nominal constant compliance regime. The van der Waals and polar interactions between both mica and coal and water molecules are characterized by an attractive effect, while the polar attractive free energy between water and mica (-87.36 mN/m) is significantly larger than that between water and coal (-32.89 mN/m), which leads to a thicker and firmer hydration layer on the mica surface. The interfacial interaction free energy of the coal/water/bubble is greater than that of mica. The polar attractive force is large enough to overcome the repulsive van der Waals force and the low energy barrier of film rupture, achieving coal particle bubble adhesion with a total interfacial free energy of-56.30 mN/m.展开更多
The mechanical properties and microstructures of Al_(2)O_(3)whiskers and graphene nano-platelets(GNPs)co-reinforced Cu-matrix composites were studied.Cu-matrix composites with a variation of GNPs amount were fabricate...The mechanical properties and microstructures of Al_(2)O_(3)whiskers and graphene nano-platelets(GNPs)co-reinforced Cu-matrix composites were studied.Cu-matrix composites with a variation of GNPs amount were fabricated by mechanical alloying followed by vacuum hot-pressing sintering and hot isostatic pressing.The Cu-matrix composite with 0.5 wt.%GNPs(GNPs-0.5)suggests a good interfacial bonding of both Cu/C and Cu/Al_(2)O_(3)interfaces.Both the hardness and compressive strength of Cu-matrix composites show a consistent tendency that firstly increases to a critical value and then decreases with increasing GNPs amount.It is suggested that the most possible strengthening mechanisms of both GNPs and Al_(2)O_(3)whisker working in the Cu-matrix composites involve energy dissipating and load transfer,as well as grain refinements for GNPs.The synergetic effect of GNPs and Al_(2)O_(3)whiskers is highlighted that the embedded GNPs would hinder the crack path generated at the Al_(2)O_(3)/Cu interface and enhance the already outstanding strengthening effect that Al_(2)O_(3)whiskers provide.展开更多
In this work,we fabricated three kinds of Ag/Fe2O3 model catalysts with different morphologies to study the interfacial interactions between Ag and Fe2O3,and how they affected the catalytic activity in hydrogenation o...In this work,we fabricated three kinds of Ag/Fe2O3 model catalysts with different morphologies to study the interfacial interactions between Ag and Fe2O3,and how they affected the catalytic activity in hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol was explored.The hydrothermal method was used to synthesize the metal oxide supported silver catalyst,with various morphologies including nanoplates(NPs),nanospheres(NSs),and nanocubes(NCs).The crystal structure,morphology and surface elements of the composite were investigated by various measurements,such as X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The catalytic activity was also evaluated by the reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol.It was found that the activities of the above catalysts varied with the morphology of the support.Among them,Ag/Fe2O3 NPs promoted the highest performance,Ag/Fe2O3 NSs were slightly inferior,and Ag/Fe2O3 NCs were the worst.At last,we ascribed the remarkable activity of Ag/Fe2O3 NPs to the strong metal-support interactions between Ag and Fe2O3.展开更多
In this study, two-dimensional MXene (Ti3 C2 Tx ) was employed to modify the interface of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetherketoneketone (CF/PEKK) composites, in order to simultaneously improve the electromagnetic inte...In this study, two-dimensional MXene (Ti3 C2 Tx ) was employed to modify the interface of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetherketoneketone (CF/PEKK) composites, in order to simultaneously improve the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performances and mechanical properties. The obtained CF/PEKK composites possessed outstanding EMI and mechanical performances, as anticipated. Specifically, the CF/PEKK composites modified with MXene at 1 mg mL–1 exhibited an excellent EMI shielding effectiveness of 65.2 dB in the X-band, a 103.1% enhancement compared with the unmodified CF/PEKK composites. The attractive EMI shielding performances of CF/PEKK composites originated from enhanced ohmic losses and multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves with the help of the MXene and CF layers. In addition, CF/PEKK composites achieved the best mechanical properties by optimizing the dispersion concentration of MXene to 0.1 mg mL–1 . The flexural strength, flexural modulus, and interlaminar shear strength of CF/PEKK composites reached 1127 MPa, 81 GPa, and 89 MPa, which were 28.5%, 9.5%, and 29.7% higher than that of the unmodified CF/PEKK composites, respectively. Such improvement in mechanical properties could be ascribed to the comprehensive effect of mechanical interlocking, hydrogen bonds, and Van der Waals forces between the introduced MXene and CF, PEKK, respectively.展开更多
Colloidal particle stability and some other interfacial phenomena are governed by interfacial force interactions. The two well known forces are van der Waals force and electrostatic force, as documented by the classic...Colloidal particle stability and some other interfacial phenomena are governed by interfacial force interactions. The two well known forces are van der Waals force and electrostatic force, as documented by the classical Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek （DLVO） theory. Moreover, advances in modern instrumentation and colloid science suggested that some short-ranged forces or structure forces are important for relevant colloidal systems. The interfacial and/or molecular forces can be measured as a resultant force as function of separation distance by atomic force microscopy （AFM） colloid probe. This article presents a discussion on AFM colloid probe measurement of silica particle and silica wafer surfaces in solutions with some technical notifications in measurement and data convolution mechanisms. The measured forces are then analyzed and discussed based on the ＇constant charge＇ and ＇constant potential＇ models of DLVO theory. The difference between the prediction of DLVO theory and the measured results indicates that there is a strong short-range structure force between the two hydrophilic surfaces, even at extremely low ionic concentration, such as Milli-Q water purity solution.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur battery is strongly considered as the most promising next-generation energy storage system because of the high theoretical specific capacity.The serious"shuttle effect"and sluggish reaction ki...Lithium-sulfur battery is strongly considered as the most promising next-generation energy storage system because of the high theoretical specific capacity.The serious"shuttle effect"and sluggish reaction kinetic limited the commercial application of lithium-sulfur battery.Many hetero structure s were applied to accelerate polysulfides conversion and suppress their migration in lithium-sulfur batteries.Nevertheless,the effect of the interface in heterostructure was not clear.Here,the Co_(2)B@MXene heterostructure is synthesized through chemical reactions at room temperature and employed as the interlayer material for Li-S batteries.The theoretical calculations and experimental results indicate that the interfacial electronic interaction of Co_(2)B@MXene induce the transfer of electrons from Co_(2)B to MXene,enhancing the catalytic ability and favoring fast redox kinetics of the polysulfides,and the theoretical calculations also reveal the underlying mechanisms for the electron transfer is that the two materials have different Fermi energy levels.The cell with Co_(2)B@MXene exhibits a high initial capacity of1577 mAh/g at 0.1 C and an ultralow capacity decay of 0.0088%per cycle over 2000 cycles at 2 C.Even at5.1 mg/cm^(2) of sulfur loading,the cell with Co_(2)B@MXene delivers 5.2 mAh/cm^(2) at 0.2 C.展开更多
In order to obtain a uniform and effectively toughened poly(lactic acid)film by blending with low content of poly(ethylene octene)(POE)with high elasticity,the tailored interfacial intermolecular interaction and entan...In order to obtain a uniform and effectively toughened poly(lactic acid)film by blending with low content of poly(ethylene octene)(POE)with high elasticity,the tailored interfacial intermolecular interaction and entanglement between the two phases of the PLA/POE blend was innovatively constructed via the facile reactive melt blending process through the reaction of the epoxy/anhydride groups grafted on the POE chains with the end groups of PLA chains(PLA/GPOE-MPOE).It was observed that POE domains were embedded tightly in PLA matrix with a fuzzy interface and abundant interface transition area,and the impact fractured surface of the blend showed an obvious plastic deformation with less occurrence of fibrillation of PLA matrix or interfacial de-bonding.Compared with neat PLA and directly blended PLA/POE blends,the PLA/GPOE-MPOE blend exhibited much higher complex viscosity/storage modulus,much lower tanδvalues in the terminal region,and obvious strain-hardening behavior.The deviation in viscoelastic behavior of PLA/GPOE-MPOE from linear PLA indicated the enhanced molecular entanglement between the long-branched chains,resulting in an enhancement of the stretching ability during biaxial drawing of the blend.Uniform PLA/GPOE-MPOE films with draw ratio as high as 7×7 were obtained through biaxial stretching,which showed much higher tensile strength and the elongation at break than that of neat PLA and PLA/POE film.This work provides a facile method for fabricating toughening PLA films with application potentials.展开更多
Carbon catalysis is an attractive metal-free catalytic transformation,and its performance is significantly dependent on the number of accessible active sites.However,owing to the inherent stability of the C-C linkage,...Carbon catalysis is an attractive metal-free catalytic transformation,and its performance is significantly dependent on the number of accessible active sites.However,owing to the inherent stability of the C-C linkage,only limited active sites at the edge defects of the basal plane can be obtained even after a harsh oxidation treatment.In this study,the concept of interfacial interactions was adopted to propose an efficient strategy to develop highly active carbon catalysts.The alumina/carbon interface formed in situ acted as a cradle for the generation of oxygen-containing functional groups.In the absence of oxidation treatment,the concentration of oxygen-containing functional groups and the specific surface area can reach 1.27 mmol·g^(-1) and 2340 m^(2)·g^(-1),respectively,which are significantly higher than those of carbon prepared by traditional hard template methods.This active carbon shows a significant enhancement in catalytic performance in the oxidative coupling of amine to imine,about 22-fold higher than that of a well-known graphite oxide catalyst.Such interfacial interaction strategies are based on sustainable carbon sources and can effectively tune the porous structure of carbon in the micro-and meso-ranges.This conceptual finding offers new opportunities for the development of high-performance carbon-based metal-free catalysts.展开更多
Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)are now gaining widespread attention because of their costeffectiveness,intrinsic saf ety,and high theoretical capacity.Nevertheless,it is still crucial to exploit highperformance elec...Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)are now gaining widespread attention because of their costeffectiveness,intrinsic saf ety,and high theoretical capacity.Nevertheless,it is still crucial to exploit highperformance electrode materials.Herein,the freestanding 1T MoS_(2)@Mxene hybrid films(MMHF)were synthesized and directly served as the cathode of AZIBs.The freestanding MMHF exhibited the hierarchical layer structure with excellent conductivity and strong interfacial interaction,which promoted the exposure of more active sites and the transfer of electrons/ions.Consequently,the MMHF displayed a high specific capacity of 270 mAh g^(-1)(at 0.1 A g^(–1))and good rate performance.Impressively,even after 2500 cycles under 10 A g^(-1),the freestanding MMHF cathode contributed a superior specific capacity of 108 mAh g^(-1)with an outstanding capacity retention rate of 94.7%.Meanwhile,the energy storage mechanism of the MMHF electrode was also elucidated through ex-situ characterizations.Furthermore,the density functional theory(DFT)computations revealed the strong interfacial interactions between 1T MoS_(2)and MXene,high conductivity,and low Zn^(2+)diffusion barrier.This work provides a new viewpoint for designing freestanding transition metal disulfides(TMDs)-MXene hybrid film electrodes for AZIBs.展开更多
A main-chain liquid crystalline ionomer（MLCI） containing sulfonic group was synthesized by an interfacial condensation reaction.The MLCI was blended with polybutylene terephthalate（PBT） and polypropylene（PP）.MLC...A main-chain liquid crystalline ionomer（MLCI） containing sulfonic group was synthesized by an interfacial condensation reaction.The MLCI was blended with polybutylene terephthalate（PBT） and polypropylene（PP）.MLCI interacted with both the dispersed（PP） phase and the matrix（PBT） phase to modify the interfacial interaction of PBT and PP.Differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and FTIR imaging system analysis demonstrated the significance of interfacial interaction in the polymer blends.MLCI brought about good adhesion at the interfacial,which reduced the disperse phase size and enabled a fine PP phase at matrix.The mechanical properties of the ternary blends were improved when a proper amount of MLCI was added.This was attributed to enhanced adhesion at the interface,which invoked better mechanical properties in the blends.展开更多
Water-resistant films were prepared by coating the surface of regenerated cellulose films with castor oil-based polyurethane (PU)/ poly-(methacrylate-co-styrene) [P (MA-St)]. The effects of the ratio of PU to P (MA-St...Water-resistant films were prepared by coating the surface of regenerated cellulose films with castor oil-based polyurethane (PU)/ poly-(methacrylate-co-styrene) [P (MA-St)]. The effects of the ratio of PU to P (MA-St) copolymer on tensile strength (dry and wet states), vapor permeability, size stability, and water resistivity of the coated films were studied. The interfacial interaction between cellulose and the PU/P (MA-St) coating was analyzed using infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results indicated that the mechanical properties and water resistivity of the coated films significantly enhanced, and the biodegradability was displayed, when the ratio of PU to P (MA-St) was 8∶2 by weight. The chemical bonds and hydrogen bonds between the cellulose, PU, and the copolymer exist in the coated films. It is regarded that PU/P (MA-St) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were formed, and a shared network of PU with both the cellulose and the coating in the coated film occurred simultaneously resulting in a strong bonding between the coating layer and the film.展开更多
The novel microgels, poly[di（ethylene glycol） methyl ether methacrylate-co-2-methoxyethyl acrylate] poly（DEGMMA-co-MEA） microgels, were synthesized. The poly（DEGMMA-co-MEA） microgels were thermo-sensitive and ex...The novel microgels, poly[di（ethylene glycol） methyl ether methacrylate-co-2-methoxyethyl acrylate] poly（DEGMMA-co-MEA） microgels, were synthesized. The poly（DEGMMA-co-MEA） microgels were thermo-sensitive and exhibited a volume phase transitive temperature（VPTT） of 14–22 ℃. The incorporation of hydrophobic comonomer MEA shifted the VPTT of poly（DEGMMA-co-MEA） microgels to lower temperatures. The interfacial interaction of poly（DEGMMA-co-MEA） microgels and three model proteins, namely fibrinogen, bovine serum albumin and lysozyme, was investigated by quartz crystal microbalance（QCM）. An injection sequence of ＂microgel-after-protein＂ was then established for the real-time study of the interaction of proteins and the microgels at their swollen and collapsed states by using QCM technique. The results indicated that the interfacial interaction of poly（DEGMMA-co-MEA） microgels and adsorbed protein layers was mainly determined by the electrostatic interaction. Because poly（DEGMMA-co-MEA） microgels were negatively charged in Tris-HCl buffer solution（pH = 7.4）, the microgels did not adsorb on negatively charged fibrinogen and bovine serum albumin layers but strongly adsorbed on positively charged lysozyme layer. Stronger interaction between lysozyme and the microgels at collapsed state（i.e. at 37 ℃） was observed. Furthermore, the incorporation of MEA might weaken the interaction between poly（DEGMMA-co-MEA） microgels and proteins.展开更多
The mechanisms of Y on the wettability,surface tension,and interactions between the Ni-20 Co-20 Cr-10 Al-ξY alloys and MgO ceramics at 1873 K were investigated by sessile drop experiments.The results of nonlinear fit...The mechanisms of Y on the wettability,surface tension,and interactions between the Ni-20 Co-20 Cr-10 Al-ξY alloys and MgO ceramics at 1873 K were investigated by sessile drop experiments.The results of nonlinear fitting showed that the equilibrium contact angles and Y concentrations were approximately in accord with the log-normal distribution law.The equilibrium contact angles changed from 101.5°to 140.5°with Y increasing from 0 wt.%to 1.23 wt.%.Cross-sectional microstructure observations revealed that the thermal dissociation of ceramics occurred and the released[O]atoms can react with Y to produce Y_(2)O_(3) reaction layer along three-phase interphase area.Wetting kinetics analyses indicated that surface tension of the melt droplets had been positively correlated with the Y concentrations,and it increased from 737.8–1045.1 mN/m.Meanwhile,the pinning effect of the rough substrate surface on the three-phase line hindered the spreading of the liquid on ceramics.The change in total free energy of the alloys/ceramics system was considered as the key factor affecting the wettability.Moreover,the surface morphology and thermodynamic stability of ceramics also had some influence on the wettability.展开更多
When the size of the material is smaller than the size of the molecular chain,new nanostructures can be formed by crystallizing polymers in nanoporous alumina.However,the effect of pore wall and geometric constraints ...When the size of the material is smaller than the size of the molecular chain,new nanostructures can be formed by crystallizing polymers in nanoporous alumina.However,the effect of pore wall and geometric constraints on polymer nanostructures remains unclear.In this study,we demonstrate three new restricted nanostructures{upright-,flat-and tilting-ring}in polybutylene terephthalate(PBT)nanorods prepared from nanoporous alumina.The dual effects of geometrical constraints and interfacial interactions on the formation of PBT nanostructures were investigated for the first time by using X-ray diffraction and Cerius^(2) modeling packages.Under weak constraints,the interaction between pore wall and the PBT rings is dominant and the ring plane tends to be parallel to the pore wall and radiate outward to grow the upright-ring crystals.Surprisingly,in strong 2D confinement,a structural formation reversal occurs and geometrical constraints overpower the effect of pore wall.Rings tend to pile up vertically or obliquely along the long axis of the rod,so the flat-and tilting-ring crystals are predominate in the constrained system.In principle,our study of the nanostructure formation based on the geometrical constraints and the pore wall interfacial effects could provide a new route to manipulate the chain assembly at the nanoscale,further improving the performance of polymer nanomaterial.展开更多
Dispersion of ultrafine alumina suspension is examined by using particle size analyzer. The zeta potential and contact angle measurements were used to discuss the electrokinetic behavior and surface wettability of alu...Dispersion of ultrafine alumina suspension is examined by using particle size analyzer. The zeta potential and contact angle measurements were used to discuss the electrokinetic behavior and surface wettability of alumina in modifier solution, and to calculate the electrostatic interaction forces and interfacial interaction forces between alumina particles. The aggregation of ultrafine alumina occurs near its PZC. Addition of modifier increases the zeta potential of alumina and its surface hydrophilicity, resulting in increase of electrostatic and hydration repulsion. It makes the suspension of ultrafine alumina completely dispersed. The average particle size of the suspension is decreased from 1.73 μm in absence of modifier to 0.8 μm in the presence of tripolyphosphate. According to polar interfacial interaction approach, the hydration forces responsible for the stability of alumina suspension in the presence of modifier have also been obtained. The extended DLVO theory is successful to describe the dispersion behavior of ultrafine alumina in modifier solution.展开更多
This paper summarizes the mechanisms and environmental effects of interactions between microplastics and surfactants: surfactants adsorb onto microplastics surfaces through hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic f...This paper summarizes the mechanisms and environmental effects of interactions between microplastics and surfactants: surfactants adsorb onto microplastics surfaces through hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic forces, changing their surface properties and transport behavior. In addition, microplastics act as carriers influencing surfactant distribution. Environmental factors (pH, ionic strength, etc. ) significantly regulate this process. Current research still has limitations in areas such as desorption kinetics and combined pollution effects, necessitating in-depth studies under environmentally relevant conditions to provide a basis for risk assessment.展开更多
To achieve the sustainable development and carbon neutral target,biomass chitosan(CS)was used to prepare N,S-doped biochar(NSB)with the assistance of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS).The synthetic route was deve...To achieve the sustainable development and carbon neutral target,biomass chitosan(CS)was used to prepare N,S-doped biochar(NSB)with the assistance of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS).The synthetic route was developed,which does not require the activation that is frequently-used for active carbon materials.By manipulating their interaction,SDBS was deposited with CS in neutral and basic conditions.Subsequent calcination successfully has access to NSB.It features with hierarchical porous structure and abundant functional groups.The dually-doped NSB bears excellent adsorption performance towards chlortetracycline(CTC).The adsorption capacity reaches 101.3 mg g^(-1) within 4 h.It is 200%higher than that of N-doped biochar(NB)prepared by only CS.The renewable and cost-effective raw materials and simple preparation method would enable NSB to be a good candidate for remedying antibiotics in the environment.展开更多
A catalyst of ferroelectric-BaTiO_(3)@photoelectric-TiO_(2) nanohybrids(BaTiO_(3)@TiO_(2))with enhanced photocatalytic activity was synthesized via a hydrolysis precipitation combined with a hydrothermal approach.Comp...A catalyst of ferroelectric-BaTiO_(3)@photoelectric-TiO_(2) nanohybrids(BaTiO_(3)@TiO_(2))with enhanced photocatalytic activity was synthesized via a hydrolysis precipitation combined with a hydrothermal approach.Compared to pure TiO_(2),pure BaTiO_(3) and BaTiO_(3)/TiO_(2) physical mixture,the heterostructured BaTiO_(3)@TiO_(2) exhibits significantly improved photocatalytic activity and cycling stability in decomposing Rhodamine B(RhB)and the degradation efficiency is 1.7 times higher than pure TiO_(2) and 7.2 times higher than pure BaTiO_(3).These results are mainly attributed to the synergy effect of photoelectric TiO_(2),ferroelectric-BaTiO_(3) and the rationally designed interfacial structure.The mesoporous microstructure of TiO_(2) is of a high specific area and enables excellent photocatalytic activity.The ferroelectric polarization induced built-in electric field in BaTiO_(3) nanoparticles,and the intimate interfacial interactions at the interface of BaTiO_(3) and TiO_(2) are effective in driving the separation and transport of photogenerated charge carriers.This strategy will stimulate the design of heterostructured photocatalysts with outstanding photocatalytic performance via interface engineering.展开更多
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51925102)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFA1504101)。
文摘In this work,an effective catalyst of Cu/MnOOH has been successfully constructed for electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction(e NO_(3)RR)for synthesis of ammonia(NH_(3))under ambient conditions.The substrate of MnOOH plays an important role on the size and electronic structure of Cu nanoparticles,where Cu has the ultrafine size of 2.2 nm and positive shift of its valence states,which in turn causes the increased number of Cu active sites and enhanced intrinsic activity of every active site.As a result,this catalyst realizes an excellent catalytic performance on eNO_(3)RR with the maximal NH_(3)Faraday efficiency(FE)(96.8%)and the highest yield rate(55.51 mg h^(-1)cm^(-2))at a large NH_(3)partial current density of700 m A/cm^(2),which could help to promote the industrialization of NH_(3)production under ambient conditions.
基金Projects 50574107 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China 2002 by the Teaching and Research Award Program for OutstandingYoung Teachers in Higher Education Institutions of Ministry of Education of China
文摘Interfacial interactions involving Van der Waals force, hydrophobic attractive force and hydration exclusive force were investigated in this paper. The interfacial interactive free energy of a series of interfaces occurring between minerals, water, collectors and bubble was calculated. The results show that a Van der Waals attractive force and a hydrophobic attractive force exist between each mineral and water interface. The hydrophobic attractive force between molybdenite and water is markedly weaker than the hydrophobic attractive force between gangue and water. The hydrophobic attractive force between collector molecules and water is the main driving force that causes the collectors to become dispersed in the pulp. The strong hydrophobic attractive force between molybdenite and the bubble interface is the basic reason for the natural floatability of molybdenite. The Van der Waals force between molybdenite and the collectors is attractive in water solution, but it is not the cause of the main force between them. The main force that results in the collection effect is a hydrophobic attractive force caused by the Lewis acid-base interaction at the molybdenite surface. A floatation experiment shows that the adsorption intensity of the collector on the molybdenite surface is not the crucial factor for molybdenite floatation. Rather, the dispersing capability of the collector in the water phase and its selectivity for the various minerals in the floatation system are more important.
基金Project(2014BAB01B03)supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program During the 12th Five-Yean Plan of ChinaProject(51774286)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(BK20150192)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiaaagsu Province,China
文摘The hydration film on particle surface plays an important role in bubble-particle adhesion in mineral flotation process. The thicknesses of the hydration films on natural hydrophobic coal and hydrophilic mica surfaces were measured directly by atomic force microscopy (AFM) based on the bending mode of the nominal constant compliance regime in AFM force curve in the present study. Surface and solid-liquid interfacial energies were calculated to explain the forming mechanism of the hydration film and atomic force microscopy data. The results show that there are significant differences in the structure and thickness of hydration films on coal and mica surfaces. Hydration film formed on mica surface with the thickness of 22.5 nm. In contrast, the bend was not detected in the nominal constant compliance regime. The van der Waals and polar interactions between both mica and coal and water molecules are characterized by an attractive effect, while the polar attractive free energy between water and mica (-87.36 mN/m) is significantly larger than that between water and coal (-32.89 mN/m), which leads to a thicker and firmer hydration layer on the mica surface. The interfacial interaction free energy of the coal/water/bubble is greater than that of mica. The polar attractive force is large enough to overcome the repulsive van der Waals force and the low energy barrier of film rupture, achieving coal particle bubble adhesion with a total interfacial free energy of-56.30 mN/m.
基金the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52101183)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos. 2017M623054, 2018T110993)
文摘The mechanical properties and microstructures of Al_(2)O_(3)whiskers and graphene nano-platelets(GNPs)co-reinforced Cu-matrix composites were studied.Cu-matrix composites with a variation of GNPs amount were fabricated by mechanical alloying followed by vacuum hot-pressing sintering and hot isostatic pressing.The Cu-matrix composite with 0.5 wt.%GNPs(GNPs-0.5)suggests a good interfacial bonding of both Cu/C and Cu/Al_(2)O_(3)interfaces.Both the hardness and compressive strength of Cu-matrix composites show a consistent tendency that firstly increases to a critical value and then decreases with increasing GNPs amount.It is suggested that the most possible strengthening mechanisms of both GNPs and Al_(2)O_(3)whisker working in the Cu-matrix composites involve energy dissipating and load transfer,as well as grain refinements for GNPs.The synergetic effect of GNPs and Al_(2)O_(3)whiskers is highlighted that the embedded GNPs would hinder the crack path generated at the Al_(2)O_(3)/Cu interface and enhance the already outstanding strengthening effect that Al_(2)O_(3)whiskers provide.
基金financially supported by the 111 Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.B17019)Talent Project of Southwest University of the Ministry of Education of China(No.SWU115034)。
文摘In this work,we fabricated three kinds of Ag/Fe2O3 model catalysts with different morphologies to study the interfacial interactions between Ag and Fe2O3,and how they affected the catalytic activity in hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol was explored.The hydrothermal method was used to synthesize the metal oxide supported silver catalyst,with various morphologies including nanoplates(NPs),nanospheres(NSs),and nanocubes(NCs).The crystal structure,morphology and surface elements of the composite were investigated by various measurements,such as X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The catalytic activity was also evaluated by the reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol.It was found that the activities of the above catalysts varied with the morphology of the support.Among them,Ag/Fe2O3 NPs promoted the highest performance,Ag/Fe2O3 NSs were slightly inferior,and Ag/Fe2O3 NCs were the worst.At last,we ascribed the remarkable activity of Ag/Fe2O3 NPs to the strong metal-support interactions between Ag and Fe2O3.
基金supported by the Shanghai Science and Tech-nology Committee(No.22511102400)Prof.Zhang would like to appreciate the financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2232020G-12)+1 种基金the Fund of National Engineering Research Center for Commercial Aircraft Manufacturing(No.COMAC-SFGS-2022-2376)the Textile Vi-sion Basic Research Program(No.J202105).
文摘In this study, two-dimensional MXene (Ti3 C2 Tx ) was employed to modify the interface of carbon fiber-reinforced polyetherketoneketone (CF/PEKK) composites, in order to simultaneously improve the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performances and mechanical properties. The obtained CF/PEKK composites possessed outstanding EMI and mechanical performances, as anticipated. Specifically, the CF/PEKK composites modified with MXene at 1 mg mL–1 exhibited an excellent EMI shielding effectiveness of 65.2 dB in the X-band, a 103.1% enhancement compared with the unmodified CF/PEKK composites. The attractive EMI shielding performances of CF/PEKK composites originated from enhanced ohmic losses and multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves with the help of the MXene and CF layers. In addition, CF/PEKK composites achieved the best mechanical properties by optimizing the dispersion concentration of MXene to 0.1 mg mL–1 . The flexural strength, flexural modulus, and interlaminar shear strength of CF/PEKK composites reached 1127 MPa, 81 GPa, and 89 MPa, which were 28.5%, 9.5%, and 29.7% higher than that of the unmodified CF/PEKK composites, respectively. Such improvement in mechanical properties could be ascribed to the comprehensive effect of mechanical interlocking, hydrogen bonds, and Van der Waals forces between the introduced MXene and CF, PEKK, respectively.
基金supported by the Research Foundation of University of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology (No. DB03069).
文摘Colloidal particle stability and some other interfacial phenomena are governed by interfacial force interactions. The two well known forces are van der Waals force and electrostatic force, as documented by the classical Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek （DLVO） theory. Moreover, advances in modern instrumentation and colloid science suggested that some short-ranged forces or structure forces are important for relevant colloidal systems. The interfacial and/or molecular forces can be measured as a resultant force as function of separation distance by atomic force microscopy （AFM） colloid probe. This article presents a discussion on AFM colloid probe measurement of silica particle and silica wafer surfaces in solutions with some technical notifications in measurement and data convolution mechanisms. The measured forces are then analyzed and discussed based on the ＇constant charge＇ and ＇constant potential＇ models of DLVO theory. The difference between the prediction of DLVO theory and the measured results indicates that there is a strong short-range structure force between the two hydrophilic surfaces, even at extremely low ionic concentration, such as Milli-Q water purity solution.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology(No.2019DX13)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur battery is strongly considered as the most promising next-generation energy storage system because of the high theoretical specific capacity.The serious"shuttle effect"and sluggish reaction kinetic limited the commercial application of lithium-sulfur battery.Many hetero structure s were applied to accelerate polysulfides conversion and suppress their migration in lithium-sulfur batteries.Nevertheless,the effect of the interface in heterostructure was not clear.Here,the Co_(2)B@MXene heterostructure is synthesized through chemical reactions at room temperature and employed as the interlayer material for Li-S batteries.The theoretical calculations and experimental results indicate that the interfacial electronic interaction of Co_(2)B@MXene induce the transfer of electrons from Co_(2)B to MXene,enhancing the catalytic ability and favoring fast redox kinetics of the polysulfides,and the theoretical calculations also reveal the underlying mechanisms for the electron transfer is that the two materials have different Fermi energy levels.The cell with Co_(2)B@MXene exhibits a high initial capacity of1577 mAh/g at 0.1 C and an ultralow capacity decay of 0.0088%per cycle over 2000 cycles at 2 C.Even at5.1 mg/cm^(2) of sulfur loading,the cell with Co_(2)B@MXene delivers 5.2 mAh/cm^(2) at 0.2 C.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51773122 and No.51933007)the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project of Sichuan Province(No.2020YFH0084)
文摘In order to obtain a uniform and effectively toughened poly(lactic acid)film by blending with low content of poly(ethylene octene)(POE)with high elasticity,the tailored interfacial intermolecular interaction and entanglement between the two phases of the PLA/POE blend was innovatively constructed via the facile reactive melt blending process through the reaction of the epoxy/anhydride groups grafted on the POE chains with the end groups of PLA chains(PLA/GPOE-MPOE).It was observed that POE domains were embedded tightly in PLA matrix with a fuzzy interface and abundant interface transition area,and the impact fractured surface of the blend showed an obvious plastic deformation with less occurrence of fibrillation of PLA matrix or interfacial de-bonding.Compared with neat PLA and directly blended PLA/POE blends,the PLA/GPOE-MPOE blend exhibited much higher complex viscosity/storage modulus,much lower tanδvalues in the terminal region,and obvious strain-hardening behavior.The deviation in viscoelastic behavior of PLA/GPOE-MPOE from linear PLA indicated the enhanced molecular entanglement between the long-branched chains,resulting in an enhancement of the stretching ability during biaxial drawing of the blend.Uniform PLA/GPOE-MPOE films with draw ratio as high as 7×7 were obtained through biaxial stretching,which showed much higher tensile strength and the elongation at break than that of neat PLA and PLA/POE film.This work provides a facile method for fabricating toughening PLA films with application potentials.
文摘Carbon catalysis is an attractive metal-free catalytic transformation,and its performance is significantly dependent on the number of accessible active sites.However,owing to the inherent stability of the C-C linkage,only limited active sites at the edge defects of the basal plane can be obtained even after a harsh oxidation treatment.In this study,the concept of interfacial interactions was adopted to propose an efficient strategy to develop highly active carbon catalysts.The alumina/carbon interface formed in situ acted as a cradle for the generation of oxygen-containing functional groups.In the absence of oxidation treatment,the concentration of oxygen-containing functional groups and the specific surface area can reach 1.27 mmol·g^(-1) and 2340 m^(2)·g^(-1),respectively,which are significantly higher than those of carbon prepared by traditional hard template methods.This active carbon shows a significant enhancement in catalytic performance in the oxidative coupling of amine to imine,about 22-fold higher than that of a well-known graphite oxide catalyst.Such interfacial interaction strategies are based on sustainable carbon sources and can effectively tune the porous structure of carbon in the micro-and meso-ranges.This conceptual finding offers new opportunities for the development of high-performance carbon-based metal-free catalysts.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2022202059)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering(N o.SKL-ChE-22B05)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M740969)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A20153).
文摘Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)are now gaining widespread attention because of their costeffectiveness,intrinsic saf ety,and high theoretical capacity.Nevertheless,it is still crucial to exploit highperformance electrode materials.Herein,the freestanding 1T MoS_(2)@Mxene hybrid films(MMHF)were synthesized and directly served as the cathode of AZIBs.The freestanding MMHF exhibited the hierarchical layer structure with excellent conductivity and strong interfacial interaction,which promoted the exposure of more active sites and the transfer of electrons/ions.Consequently,the MMHF displayed a high specific capacity of 270 mAh g^(-1)(at 0.1 A g^(–1))and good rate performance.Impressively,even after 2500 cycles under 10 A g^(-1),the freestanding MMHF cathode contributed a superior specific capacity of 108 mAh g^(-1)with an outstanding capacity retention rate of 94.7%.Meanwhile,the energy storage mechanism of the MMHF electrode was also elucidated through ex-situ characterizations.Furthermore,the density functional theory(DFT)computations revealed the strong interfacial interactions between 1T MoS_(2)and MXene,high conductivity,and low Zn^(2+)diffusion barrier.This work provides a new viewpoint for designing freestanding transition metal disulfides(TMDs)-MXene hybrid film electrodes for AZIBs.
基金Supported by the High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(No.2006AA02Z291)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50673105)
文摘A main-chain liquid crystalline ionomer（MLCI） containing sulfonic group was synthesized by an interfacial condensation reaction.The MLCI was blended with polybutylene terephthalate（PBT） and polypropylene（PP）.MLCI interacted with both the dispersed（PP） phase and the matrix（PBT） phase to modify the interfacial interaction of PBT and PP.Differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and FTIR imaging system analysis demonstrated the significance of interfacial interaction in the polymer blends.MLCI brought about good adhesion at the interfacial,which reduced the disperse phase size and enabled a fine PP phase at matrix.The mechanical properties of the ternary blends were improved when a proper amount of MLCI was added.This was attributed to enhanced adhesion at the interface,which invoked better mechanical properties in the blends.
文摘Water-resistant films were prepared by coating the surface of regenerated cellulose films with castor oil-based polyurethane (PU)/ poly-(methacrylate-co-styrene) [P (MA-St)]. The effects of the ratio of PU to P (MA-St) copolymer on tensile strength (dry and wet states), vapor permeability, size stability, and water resistivity of the coated films were studied. The interfacial interaction between cellulose and the PU/P (MA-St) coating was analyzed using infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results indicated that the mechanical properties and water resistivity of the coated films significantly enhanced, and the biodegradability was displayed, when the ratio of PU to P (MA-St) was 8∶2 by weight. The chemical bonds and hydrogen bonds between the cellulose, PU, and the copolymer exist in the coated films. It is regarded that PU/P (MA-St) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were formed, and a shared network of PU with both the cellulose and the coating in the coated film occurred simultaneously resulting in a strong bonding between the coating layer and the film.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21274129 and 21322406)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2014XZZX003-21)+2 种基金the third level of 2013 Zhejiang Province 151 Talent ProjectOpen Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and ChemistryChangchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘The novel microgels, poly[di（ethylene glycol） methyl ether methacrylate-co-2-methoxyethyl acrylate] poly（DEGMMA-co-MEA） microgels, were synthesized. The poly（DEGMMA-co-MEA） microgels were thermo-sensitive and exhibited a volume phase transitive temperature（VPTT） of 14–22 ℃. The incorporation of hydrophobic comonomer MEA shifted the VPTT of poly（DEGMMA-co-MEA） microgels to lower temperatures. The interfacial interaction of poly（DEGMMA-co-MEA） microgels and three model proteins, namely fibrinogen, bovine serum albumin and lysozyme, was investigated by quartz crystal microbalance（QCM）. An injection sequence of ＂microgel-after-protein＂ was then established for the real-time study of the interaction of proteins and the microgels at their swollen and collapsed states by using QCM technique. The results indicated that the interfacial interaction of poly（DEGMMA-co-MEA） microgels and adsorbed protein layers was mainly determined by the electrostatic interaction. Because poly（DEGMMA-co-MEA） microgels were negatively charged in Tris-HCl buffer solution（pH = 7.4）, the microgels did not adsorb on negatively charged fibrinogen and bovine serum albumin layers but strongly adsorbed on positively charged lysozyme layer. Stronger interaction between lysozyme and the microgels at collapsed state（i.e. at 37 ℃） was observed. Furthermore, the incorporation of MEA might weaken the interaction between poly（DEGMMA-co-MEA） microgels and proteins.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51604014 and 51404017)the National Science&Technology Pillar Program of China(No.2013BAB11B04)。
文摘The mechanisms of Y on the wettability,surface tension,and interactions between the Ni-20 Co-20 Cr-10 Al-ξY alloys and MgO ceramics at 1873 K were investigated by sessile drop experiments.The results of nonlinear fitting showed that the equilibrium contact angles and Y concentrations were approximately in accord with the log-normal distribution law.The equilibrium contact angles changed from 101.5°to 140.5°with Y increasing from 0 wt.%to 1.23 wt.%.Cross-sectional microstructure observations revealed that the thermal dissociation of ceramics occurred and the released[O]atoms can react with Y to produce Y_(2)O_(3) reaction layer along three-phase interphase area.Wetting kinetics analyses indicated that surface tension of the melt droplets had been positively correlated with the Y concentrations,and it increased from 737.8–1045.1 mN/m.Meanwhile,the pinning effect of the rough substrate surface on the three-phase line hindered the spreading of the liquid on ceramics.The change in total free energy of the alloys/ceramics system was considered as the key factor affecting the wettability.Moreover,the surface morphology and thermodynamic stability of ceramics also had some influence on the wettability.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen University(Nos.827-000150 and 860-000002110375).
文摘When the size of the material is smaller than the size of the molecular chain,new nanostructures can be formed by crystallizing polymers in nanoporous alumina.However,the effect of pore wall and geometric constraints on polymer nanostructures remains unclear.In this study,we demonstrate three new restricted nanostructures{upright-,flat-and tilting-ring}in polybutylene terephthalate(PBT)nanorods prepared from nanoporous alumina.The dual effects of geometrical constraints and interfacial interactions on the formation of PBT nanostructures were investigated for the first time by using X-ray diffraction and Cerius^(2) modeling packages.Under weak constraints,the interaction between pore wall and the PBT rings is dominant and the ring plane tends to be parallel to the pore wall and radiate outward to grow the upright-ring crystals.Surprisingly,in strong 2D confinement,a structural formation reversal occurs and geometrical constraints overpower the effect of pore wall.Rings tend to pile up vertically or obliquely along the long axis of the rod,so the flat-and tilting-ring crystals are predominate in the constrained system.In principle,our study of the nanostructure formation based on the geometrical constraints and the pore wall interfacial effects could provide a new route to manipulate the chain assembly at the nanoscale,further improving the performance of polymer nanomaterial.
文摘Dispersion of ultrafine alumina suspension is examined by using particle size analyzer. The zeta potential and contact angle measurements were used to discuss the electrokinetic behavior and surface wettability of alumina in modifier solution, and to calculate the electrostatic interaction forces and interfacial interaction forces between alumina particles. The aggregation of ultrafine alumina occurs near its PZC. Addition of modifier increases the zeta potential of alumina and its surface hydrophilicity, resulting in increase of electrostatic and hydration repulsion. It makes the suspension of ultrafine alumina completely dispersed. The average particle size of the suspension is decreased from 1.73 μm in absence of modifier to 0.8 μm in the presence of tripolyphosphate. According to polar interfacial interaction approach, the hydration forces responsible for the stability of alumina suspension in the presence of modifier have also been obtained. The extended DLVO theory is successful to describe the dispersion behavior of ultrafine alumina in modifier solution.
基金Supported by Zhaoqing University Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students (X202410580130).
文摘This paper summarizes the mechanisms and environmental effects of interactions between microplastics and surfactants: surfactants adsorb onto microplastics surfaces through hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic forces, changing their surface properties and transport behavior. In addition, microplastics act as carriers influencing surfactant distribution. Environmental factors (pH, ionic strength, etc. ) significantly regulate this process. Current research still has limitations in areas such as desorption kinetics and combined pollution effects, necessitating in-depth studies under environmentally relevant conditions to provide a basis for risk assessment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22276046).
文摘To achieve the sustainable development and carbon neutral target,biomass chitosan(CS)was used to prepare N,S-doped biochar(NSB)with the assistance of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS).The synthetic route was developed,which does not require the activation that is frequently-used for active carbon materials.By manipulating their interaction,SDBS was deposited with CS in neutral and basic conditions.Subsequent calcination successfully has access to NSB.It features with hierarchical porous structure and abundant functional groups.The dually-doped NSB bears excellent adsorption performance towards chlortetracycline(CTC).The adsorption capacity reaches 101.3 mg g^(-1) within 4 h.It is 200%higher than that of N-doped biochar(NB)prepared by only CS.The renewable and cost-effective raw materials and simple preparation method would enable NSB to be a good candidate for remedying antibiotics in the environment.
基金Project(cstc2020jcyj-msxm X0930) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,ChinaProject(KJQN201901522) supported by Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission,ChinaProject(cx2020068) supported by the Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees,China。
文摘A catalyst of ferroelectric-BaTiO_(3)@photoelectric-TiO_(2) nanohybrids(BaTiO_(3)@TiO_(2))with enhanced photocatalytic activity was synthesized via a hydrolysis precipitation combined with a hydrothermal approach.Compared to pure TiO_(2),pure BaTiO_(3) and BaTiO_(3)/TiO_(2) physical mixture,the heterostructured BaTiO_(3)@TiO_(2) exhibits significantly improved photocatalytic activity and cycling stability in decomposing Rhodamine B(RhB)and the degradation efficiency is 1.7 times higher than pure TiO_(2) and 7.2 times higher than pure BaTiO_(3).These results are mainly attributed to the synergy effect of photoelectric TiO_(2),ferroelectric-BaTiO_(3) and the rationally designed interfacial structure.The mesoporous microstructure of TiO_(2) is of a high specific area and enables excellent photocatalytic activity.The ferroelectric polarization induced built-in electric field in BaTiO_(3) nanoparticles,and the intimate interfacial interactions at the interface of BaTiO_(3) and TiO_(2) are effective in driving the separation and transport of photogenerated charge carriers.This strategy will stimulate the design of heterostructured photocatalysts with outstanding photocatalytic performance via interface engineering.
