In order to solve the problem that the testing cost of the three-dimensional integrated circuit(3D IC)is too high,an optimal stacking order scheme is proposed to reduce the mid-bond test cost.A new testing model is bu...In order to solve the problem that the testing cost of the three-dimensional integrated circuit(3D IC)is too high,an optimal stacking order scheme is proposed to reduce the mid-bond test cost.A new testing model is built with the general consideration of both the test time for automatic test equipment(ATE)and manufacturing failure factors.An algorithm for testing cost and testing order optimization is proposed,and the minimum testing cost and optimized stacking order can be carried out by taking testing bandwidth and testing power as constraints.To prove the influence of the optimal stacking order on testing costs,two baselines stacked in sequential either in pyramid type or in inverted pyramid type are compared.Based on the benchmarks from ITC 02,experimental results show that for a 5-layer 3D IC,under different constraints,the optimal stacking order can reduce the test costs on average by 13%and 62%,respectively,compared to the pyramid type and inverted pyramid type.Furthermore,with the increase of the stack size,the test costs of the optimized stack order can be decreased.展开更多
Recently, flutter active control using linear parameter varying（LPV） framework has attracted a lot of attention. LPV control synthesis usually generates controllers that are at least of the same order as the aeroela...Recently, flutter active control using linear parameter varying（LPV） framework has attracted a lot of attention. LPV control synthesis usually generates controllers that are at least of the same order as the aeroelastic models. Therefore, the reduced-order model is required by synthesis for avoidance of large computation cost and high-order controller. This paper proposes a new procedure for generation of accurate reduced-order linear time-invariant（LTI） models by using system identification from flutter testing data. The proposed approach is in two steps. The well-known poly-reference least squares complex frequency（p-LSCF） algorithm is firstly employed for modal parameter identification from frequency response measurement. After parameter identification,the dominant physical modes are determined by clear stabilization diagrams and clustering technique. In the second step, with prior knowledge of physical poles, the improved frequencydomain maximum likelihood（ML） estimator is presented for building accurate reduced-order model. Before ML estimation, an improved subspace identification considering the poles constraint is also proposed for initializing the iterative procedure. Finally, the performance of the proposed procedure is validated by real flight flutter test data.展开更多
A Routh table test for stability of commensurate fractional degree polynomials and their commensurate fractional order systems is presented via an auxiliary integer degree polynomial. The presented Routh test is a cla...A Routh table test for stability of commensurate fractional degree polynomials and their commensurate fractional order systems is presented via an auxiliary integer degree polynomial. The presented Routh test is a classical Routh table test on the auxiliary integer degree polynomial derived from and for the commensurate fractional degree polynomial. The theoretical proof of this proposed approach is provided by utilizing Argument principle and Cauchy index. Illustrative examples show efficiency of the presented approach for stability test of commensurate fractional degree polynomials and commensurate fractional order systems. So far, only one Routh-type test approach [1] is available for the commensurate fractional degree polynomials in the literature. Thus, this classical Routh-type test approach and the one in [1] both can be applied to stability analysis and design for the fractional order systems, while the one presented in this paper is easy for peoples, who are familiar with the classical Routh table test, to use.展开更多
Consider I pairs of independent binomial variates x0i and x1i with corresponding parameters P0i and p1i and sample sizes n0i and n1i for i=1, …,I. Let △i = P1i-P0i be the difference of the two binomial parameters, w...Consider I pairs of independent binomial variates x0i and x1i with corresponding parameters P0i and p1i and sample sizes n0i and n1i for i=1, …,I. Let △i = P1i-P0i be the difference of the two binomial parameters, where △i’s are to be of interest and P0i’s are nuisance parameters. The null hypothesis of homogeneity on the risk difference can be written as展开更多
The overuse of clinical laboratory services has been documented for many years. This overuse use does not contribute to the quality of medical care, does not shorten hospital stay, nor reduce mortality. The utilizatio...The overuse of clinical laboratory services has been documented for many years. This overuse use does not contribute to the quality of medical care, does not shorten hospital stay, nor reduce mortality. The utilization of diagnostic laboratories has increased over the last decade around the world. This increased laboratory use is appropriate if it allows accurate diagnoses to be made, ideal treatment to be identified and monitored, accurate prognoses to be established, and patients’ hospital stays to be shortened. Thus, improving the appropriateness of testing behavior and reducing the number of laboratory tests have been recognized as essential parts of quality improvement program. In this study, the effectiveness of a computer-based system in improving the laboratory test-ordering in a general hospital was investigated. The study was conducted through four stages, the preparation stage, the pre-intervention stage, the post-intervention 1) stage and post-intervention 2) stage. Guideline and computer system were developed during preparation stage. Medical records were reviewed against guideline recommendations before any intervention during the pre-intervention stage, after guideline dissemination through educational workshops during the post intervention 1) stage, and after implementation of the computer system with the new requesting form during the post intervention 2) stage. The study revealed that the computer-based system achieved a statistically significant increase in the percentage of appropriate use from 44.6% in the post-intervention 1) stage to 55.6%, and a statistically significant increase in the compliance with guideline by prescriber as well as increased in guideline conformity rate from 16.7% in the post-intervention 1) stage to 32.5% in the post-intervention 2) stage, and decreased in the percentage of prescribers whose level was unsatisfactory from 85.4% the post-intervention 1) stage to 66.7% in the post-intervention 2) stage.展开更多
Mixed models provide a wide range of applications including hierarchical modeling and longitudinal studies. The tests of variance component in mixed models have long been a methodological challenge because of its boun...Mixed models provide a wide range of applications including hierarchical modeling and longitudinal studies. The tests of variance component in mixed models have long been a methodological challenge because of its boundary conditions. It is well documented in literature that the traditional first-order methods: likelihood ratio statistic, Wald statistic and score statistic, provide an excessively conservative approximation to the null distribution. However, the magnitude of the conservativeness has not been thoroughly explored. In this paper, we propose a likelihood-based third-order method to the mixed models for testing the null hypothesis of zero and non-zero variance component. The proposed method dramatically improved the accuracy of the tests. Extensive simulations were carried out to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method in comparison with the standard first-order methods. The results show the conservativeness of the first order methods and the accuracy of the proposed method in approximating the p-values and confidence intervals even when the sample size is small.展开更多
A complex autonomous inventory coupled system is considered. It can take, for example, the form of a network of chemical or biochemical reactors, where the inventory interactions perform the recycling of by-products b...A complex autonomous inventory coupled system is considered. It can take, for example, the form of a network of chemical or biochemical reactors, where the inventory interactions perform the recycling of by-products between the subsystems. Because of the flexible subsystems interactions, each of them can be operated with their own periods utilizing advantageously their dynamic properties. A multifrequency second-order test generalizing the p-test for single systems is described. It can be used to decide which kind of the operation (the static one, the periodic one or the multiperiodic one) will intensify the productivity of a complex system. An illustrative example of the multiperiodic optimization of a complex chemical production system is presented.展开更多
The software reliability testing has many disadvantages in practice, such as high complexity of constructing operational profiles and poor fault detection efficiency. Oppositely, the directed testing with a high fa...The software reliability testing has many disadvantages in practice, such as high complexity of constructing operational profiles and poor fault detection efficiency. Oppositely, the directed testing with a high fault detection rate is incapable of estimating reliability quantificationally. To solve this problem, a hybrid testing combining reliability and directed testing as well as a reliability model based on the order statistic （OS） model were presented by Mitchell. An extended research on Mitchell＇s work is proposed. Firstly, the most proper distribution of the fault＇s failure rate which tends to be Iognormal is suggested, and a detailed form of the OS model based on Iognormal and the corresponding parameter estimation method are proposed, respectively. Secondly, an im- plementing framework for the hybrid testing is proposed. Finally, the hybrid testing and the OS model are applied on a real website system. The experimental results indicate： the hybrid testing has more efficient fault detection power and lower testing cost than the reliability testing; compared with three traditional software reliabil ity growth models, the OS model has a best or pretty estimation or prediction power for each data set; and for the failure data set collected from hybrid testing, the OS model also achieves an ac- ceptable estimation result.展开更多
Invertibility is one of the desirable properties of moving average processes. This study derives consequences of the invertibility condition on the parameters of a moving average process of order three. The study also...Invertibility is one of the desirable properties of moving average processes. This study derives consequences of the invertibility condition on the parameters of a moving average process of order three. The study also establishes the intervals for the first three autocorrelation coefficients of the moving average process of order three for the purpose of distinguishing between the process and any other process (linear or nonlinear) with similar autocorrelation structure. For an invertible moving average process of order three, the intervals obtained are , -0.5ρ2ρ1<0.5.展开更多
Image processing and image analysis are the main aspects for obtaining information from digital image owing to the fact that this techniques give the desired details in most of the applications generally and Non-Destr...Image processing and image analysis are the main aspects for obtaining information from digital image owing to the fact that this techniques give the desired details in most of the applications generally and Non-Destructive testing specifically. This paper presents a proposed method for the automatic detection of weld defects in radiographic images. Firstly, the radiographic images were enhanced using adaptive histogram equalization and are filtered using mean and wiener filters. Secondly, the welding area is selected from the radiography image. Thirdly, the Cepstral features are extracted from the Higher-Order Spectra (Bispectrum and Trispectrum). Finally, neural networks are used for feature matching. The proposed method is tested using 100 radiographic images in the presence of noise and image blurring. Results show that in spite of time consumption, the proposed method yields best results for the automatic detection of weld defects in radiography images when the features were extracted from the Trispectrum of the image.展开更多
Spacecraft automatic test system, a comprehensive spacecraft test information system based on the various spacecraft test specifications formalized as spacecraft test language, is an important means to improve test ef...Spacecraft automatic test system, a comprehensive spacecraft test information system based on the various spacecraft test specifications formalized as spacecraft test language, is an important means to improve test efficiency. With the new require- ments of the multi-spacecraft test in China, the study of the spacecraft test language becomes a new challenge for spacecraft test field. In this article, a high-order spacecraft test language, China aerospace test and operation language （CATOL）, is given asso- ciated with the current test requirements; meanwhile, the structure of the language is presented. Then, for characterizing and formalizing the spacecraft processes, the syntax and operational semantics of one of the sub-languages, CATOL-PR, are defined. Finally, the prototype system of this proposed language is presented. This language will improve the specification of spacecraft test work in China and the efficiency of spacecraft testers, and promote the development in spacecraft automatic test.展开更多
To determine whether a given deterministic nonlinear dynamic system is chaotic or periodic, a novel test approach named zero-one （0-1） test has been proposed recently. In this approach, the regular and chaotic motio...To determine whether a given deterministic nonlinear dynamic system is chaotic or periodic, a novel test approach named zero-one （0-1） test has been proposed recently. In this approach, the regular and chaotic motions can be decided by calculating the parameter K approaching asymptotically to zero or one. In this study, we focus on the 0-1 test algorithm and illustrate the selection of parameters of this algorithm by numerical experiments. To validate the reliability and the universality of this algorithm, it is applied to typical nonlinear dynamic systems, including fractional-order dynamic system.展开更多
The miniaturized disk bend test(MDBT) can be used to measure the fracture toughness at “infinite" crack length, K ∞, of ordered intermetallic compounds. The specimens tested are disks 3 mm in diameter and typic...The miniaturized disk bend test(MDBT) can be used to measure the fracture toughness at “infinite" crack length, K ∞, of ordered intermetallic compounds. The specimens tested are disks 3 mm in diameter and typically range in thickness from 250 to 400 μm. A Vickers indentation is impressed within ±10 μm of the center of a metallographically polished disk under a known load, F . The specimen is then subjected to biaxial loading, with the indented side in tension, and tested to failure. In completely brittle intermetallics the fracture stress, σ f, is calculated using a standard formula and measured experimentally as a function of F . When plasticity intervenes prior to fracture it is necessary to calculate the stress using finite element modeling (FEM), the FEM program NIKE2D has been used. Whether or not the specimens deform plastically, the resulting data on σ f vs F are analyzed using established equations of fracture mechanics in conjunction with an empirical rising R curve equation that characterizes the increase in fracture resistance, K R( c ), with crack length, c . Results are presented on several ordered intermetallic compounds. These include Ni 3Ge and Ti 5Si 3, which exhibit no ductility prior to fracture, and NiAl and a complex TiAl alloy, which both exhibit limited ductility before fracturing. The values of K ∞ determined with the MDBT are in very good agreement with values of K IC measured using conventional methods.展开更多
Clinical laboratory tests are basic elements that support healthcare tasks such as disease detection, diagnosis and monitoring of response to treatments. Current laboratory information systems focus on the patient dat...Clinical laboratory tests are basic elements that support healthcare tasks such as disease detection, diagnosis and monitoring of response to treatments. Current laboratory information systems focus on the patient database, tests and results, with multiple modules available, connecting with the various analytical systems or work areas. However laboratory information systems functioned as “islands of information”, because their design was fundamentally inward-looking and disconnected from other healthcare computer applications. Actually, the Electronic Health Register (EHR) is considered by clinicians as a tool with great potential healthcare benefits. The EHR, in the sense of a unique and complete record of a patient’s healthcare and state of health, regardless of the healthcare level used, is a real attempt to eliminate these “islands of information” and need modules to act as “bridges” with the laboratory information systems. This type of module, which in generic terms may be referred to as a laboratory test request module, has become an essential feature of the EHR. These modules need to use a laboratory coding system as a common language for exchanging information, ensuring that tests and results are unequivocally identified. The development of the laboratory test request module requires the commitment of professionals and political authorities, being necessary time for their design and an adequate pilot phase. The laboratory professionals have to assume a leadership role in the whole process of design, development and implementation of these modules, integrating in the equipment of information technologies of healthcare providers. In our manuscript we review the elements that may prove electronic systems for requesting clinical laboratory test into digital clinical records and the key elements to move from theory to practice.展开更多
In this paper,we consider testing the hypothesis that all multinomial populations in the stratified contingency table are identically distributed against the alternative that all these popula-tions are in simple tree ...In this paper,we consider testing the hypothesis that all multinomial populations in the stratified contingency table are identically distributed against the alternative that all these popula-tions are in simple tree order.We provide an asymptotic represen-tation of the order-restricted maximum likelihood estimate of the unknown parameters.The resulting estimators are proven to be~n-consistent and asymptotically normal under appropriate conditions.A chi-squared test method is used for this hypothesis test problem.A real data set is applied to illustrate our theoretical result.展开更多
A great number of semi-analytical models, notably the representation of electromagnetic fields by integral equations are based on the second order vector potential (SOVP) formalism which introduces two scalar potentia...A great number of semi-analytical models, notably the representation of electromagnetic fields by integral equations are based on the second order vector potential (SOVP) formalism which introduces two scalar potentials in order to obtain analytical expressions of the electromagnetic fields from the two potentials. However, the scalar decomposition is often known for canonical coordinate systems. This paper aims in introducing a specific SOVP formulation dedicated to arbitrary non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates systems. The electromagnetic field representation which is derived in this paper constitutes the key stone for the development of semi-analytical models for solving some eddy currents moelling problems and electromagnetic radiation problems considering at least two homogeneous media separated by a rough interface. This SOVP formulation is derived from the tensor formalism and Maxwell’s equations written in a non-orthogonal coordinates system adapted to a surface characterized by a 2D arbitrary aperiodic profile.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61674048,61574052,61474036,61371025)the Project of Anhui Institute of Economics and Management(No.YJKT1417T01)
文摘In order to solve the problem that the testing cost of the three-dimensional integrated circuit(3D IC)is too high,an optimal stacking order scheme is proposed to reduce the mid-bond test cost.A new testing model is built with the general consideration of both the test time for automatic test equipment(ATE)and manufacturing failure factors.An algorithm for testing cost and testing order optimization is proposed,and the minimum testing cost and optimized stacking order can be carried out by taking testing bandwidth and testing power as constraints.To prove the influence of the optimal stacking order on testing costs,two baselines stacked in sequential either in pyramid type or in inverted pyramid type are compared.Based on the benchmarks from ITC 02,experimental results show that for a 5-layer 3D IC,under different constraints,the optimal stacking order can reduce the test costs on average by 13%and 62%,respectively,compared to the pyramid type and inverted pyramid type.Furthermore,with the increase of the stack size,the test costs of the optimized stack order can be decreased.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61134004 and 61573289)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (No. 20140753010)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 3102015BJ004)
文摘Recently, flutter active control using linear parameter varying（LPV） framework has attracted a lot of attention. LPV control synthesis usually generates controllers that are at least of the same order as the aeroelastic models. Therefore, the reduced-order model is required by synthesis for avoidance of large computation cost and high-order controller. This paper proposes a new procedure for generation of accurate reduced-order linear time-invariant（LTI） models by using system identification from flutter testing data. The proposed approach is in two steps. The well-known poly-reference least squares complex frequency（p-LSCF） algorithm is firstly employed for modal parameter identification from frequency response measurement. After parameter identification,the dominant physical modes are determined by clear stabilization diagrams and clustering technique. In the second step, with prior knowledge of physical poles, the improved frequencydomain maximum likelihood（ML） estimator is presented for building accurate reduced-order model. Before ML estimation, an improved subspace identification considering the poles constraint is also proposed for initializing the iterative procedure. Finally, the performance of the proposed procedure is validated by real flight flutter test data.
基金US National Science Foundation (No. 1115564)North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Research Grant (Nos. RP2013-13, RP2016-16, RP2016-19, RP2018-40)+5 种基金the Fulbright Senior Scholar Award 2016-2017, HK PolyU 2016-2017HK Branch of NRTEAETRC 2016-2017 to Prof. Sheng-Guo Wangin part by the China Scholarship Council (CSC) scholarship of 2013-2014 and Prof. Wang's NCDOT Research Grant (No. RP2013-13)Shu Liang as a co-educated Ph.D. student at the UNC Charlotte (UNCC)the Fundamental Research Funds for the China Central Universities of USTB (No. FRF-TP-17-088A1) to Shu Liangthe National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61873024) to Prof. Kaixiang Peng.
文摘A Routh table test for stability of commensurate fractional degree polynomials and their commensurate fractional order systems is presented via an auxiliary integer degree polynomial. The presented Routh test is a classical Routh table test on the auxiliary integer degree polynomial derived from and for the commensurate fractional degree polynomial. The theoretical proof of this proposed approach is provided by utilizing Argument principle and Cauchy index. Illustrative examples show efficiency of the presented approach for stability test of commensurate fractional degree polynomials and commensurate fractional order systems. So far, only one Routh-type test approach [1] is available for the commensurate fractional degree polynomials in the literature. Thus, this classical Routh-type test approach and the one in [1] both can be applied to stability analysis and design for the fractional order systems, while the one presented in this paper is easy for peoples, who are familiar with the classical Routh table test, to use.
文摘Consider I pairs of independent binomial variates x0i and x1i with corresponding parameters P0i and p1i and sample sizes n0i and n1i for i=1, …,I. Let △i = P1i-P0i be the difference of the two binomial parameters, where △i’s are to be of interest and P0i’s are nuisance parameters. The null hypothesis of homogeneity on the risk difference can be written as
文摘The overuse of clinical laboratory services has been documented for many years. This overuse use does not contribute to the quality of medical care, does not shorten hospital stay, nor reduce mortality. The utilization of diagnostic laboratories has increased over the last decade around the world. This increased laboratory use is appropriate if it allows accurate diagnoses to be made, ideal treatment to be identified and monitored, accurate prognoses to be established, and patients’ hospital stays to be shortened. Thus, improving the appropriateness of testing behavior and reducing the number of laboratory tests have been recognized as essential parts of quality improvement program. In this study, the effectiveness of a computer-based system in improving the laboratory test-ordering in a general hospital was investigated. The study was conducted through four stages, the preparation stage, the pre-intervention stage, the post-intervention 1) stage and post-intervention 2) stage. Guideline and computer system were developed during preparation stage. Medical records were reviewed against guideline recommendations before any intervention during the pre-intervention stage, after guideline dissemination through educational workshops during the post intervention 1) stage, and after implementation of the computer system with the new requesting form during the post intervention 2) stage. The study revealed that the computer-based system achieved a statistically significant increase in the percentage of appropriate use from 44.6% in the post-intervention 1) stage to 55.6%, and a statistically significant increase in the compliance with guideline by prescriber as well as increased in guideline conformity rate from 16.7% in the post-intervention 1) stage to 32.5% in the post-intervention 2) stage, and decreased in the percentage of prescribers whose level was unsatisfactory from 85.4% the post-intervention 1) stage to 66.7% in the post-intervention 2) stage.
文摘Mixed models provide a wide range of applications including hierarchical modeling and longitudinal studies. The tests of variance component in mixed models have long been a methodological challenge because of its boundary conditions. It is well documented in literature that the traditional first-order methods: likelihood ratio statistic, Wald statistic and score statistic, provide an excessively conservative approximation to the null distribution. However, the magnitude of the conservativeness has not been thoroughly explored. In this paper, we propose a likelihood-based third-order method to the mixed models for testing the null hypothesis of zero and non-zero variance component. The proposed method dramatically improved the accuracy of the tests. Extensive simulations were carried out to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method in comparison with the standard first-order methods. The results show the conservativeness of the first order methods and the accuracy of the proposed method in approximating the p-values and confidence intervals even when the sample size is small.
文摘A complex autonomous inventory coupled system is considered. It can take, for example, the form of a network of chemical or biochemical reactors, where the inventory interactions perform the recycling of by-products between the subsystems. Because of the flexible subsystems interactions, each of them can be operated with their own periods utilizing advantageously their dynamic properties. A multifrequency second-order test generalizing the p-test for single systems is described. It can be used to decide which kind of the operation (the static one, the periodic one or the multiperiodic one) will intensify the productivity of a complex system. An illustrative example of the multiperiodic optimization of a complex chemical production system is presented.
文摘The software reliability testing has many disadvantages in practice, such as high complexity of constructing operational profiles and poor fault detection efficiency. Oppositely, the directed testing with a high fault detection rate is incapable of estimating reliability quantificationally. To solve this problem, a hybrid testing combining reliability and directed testing as well as a reliability model based on the order statistic （OS） model were presented by Mitchell. An extended research on Mitchell＇s work is proposed. Firstly, the most proper distribution of the fault＇s failure rate which tends to be Iognormal is suggested, and a detailed form of the OS model based on Iognormal and the corresponding parameter estimation method are proposed, respectively. Secondly, an im- plementing framework for the hybrid testing is proposed. Finally, the hybrid testing and the OS model are applied on a real website system. The experimental results indicate： the hybrid testing has more efficient fault detection power and lower testing cost than the reliability testing; compared with three traditional software reliabil ity growth models, the OS model has a best or pretty estimation or prediction power for each data set; and for the failure data set collected from hybrid testing, the OS model also achieves an ac- ceptable estimation result.
文摘Invertibility is one of the desirable properties of moving average processes. This study derives consequences of the invertibility condition on the parameters of a moving average process of order three. The study also establishes the intervals for the first three autocorrelation coefficients of the moving average process of order three for the purpose of distinguishing between the process and any other process (linear or nonlinear) with similar autocorrelation structure. For an invertible moving average process of order three, the intervals obtained are , -0.5ρ2ρ1<0.5.
文摘Image processing and image analysis are the main aspects for obtaining information from digital image owing to the fact that this techniques give the desired details in most of the applications generally and Non-Destructive testing specifically. This paper presents a proposed method for the automatic detection of weld defects in radiographic images. Firstly, the radiographic images were enhanced using adaptive histogram equalization and are filtered using mean and wiener filters. Secondly, the welding area is selected from the radiography image. Thirdly, the Cepstral features are extracted from the Higher-Order Spectra (Bispectrum and Trispectrum). Finally, neural networks are used for feature matching. The proposed method is tested using 100 radiographic images in the presence of noise and image blurring. Results show that in spite of time consumption, the proposed method yields best results for the automatic detection of weld defects in radiography images when the features were extracted from the Trispectrum of the image.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China （61003016） Supported Project of the State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment （SKLSDE-2009ZX-13）
文摘Spacecraft automatic test system, a comprehensive spacecraft test information system based on the various spacecraft test specifications formalized as spacecraft test language, is an important means to improve test efficiency. With the new require- ments of the multi-spacecraft test in China, the study of the spacecraft test language becomes a new challenge for spacecraft test field. In this article, a high-order spacecraft test language, China aerospace test and operation language （CATOL）, is given asso- ciated with the current test requirements; meanwhile, the structure of the language is presented. Then, for characterizing and formalizing the spacecraft processes, the syntax and operational semantics of one of the sub-languages, CATOL-PR, are defined. Finally, the prototype system of this proposed language is presented. This language will improve the specification of spacecraft test work in China and the efficiency of spacecraft testers, and promote the development in spacecraft automatic test.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of of China (Grant No. 60672041)
文摘To determine whether a given deterministic nonlinear dynamic system is chaotic or periodic, a novel test approach named zero-one （0-1） test has been proposed recently. In this approach, the regular and chaotic motions can be decided by calculating the parameter K approaching asymptotically to zero or one. In this study, we focus on the 0-1 test algorithm and illustrate the selection of parameters of this algorithm by numerical experiments. To validate the reliability and the universality of this algorithm, it is applied to typical nonlinear dynamic systems, including fractional-order dynamic system.
文摘The miniaturized disk bend test(MDBT) can be used to measure the fracture toughness at “infinite" crack length, K ∞, of ordered intermetallic compounds. The specimens tested are disks 3 mm in diameter and typically range in thickness from 250 to 400 μm. A Vickers indentation is impressed within ±10 μm of the center of a metallographically polished disk under a known load, F . The specimen is then subjected to biaxial loading, with the indented side in tension, and tested to failure. In completely brittle intermetallics the fracture stress, σ f, is calculated using a standard formula and measured experimentally as a function of F . When plasticity intervenes prior to fracture it is necessary to calculate the stress using finite element modeling (FEM), the FEM program NIKE2D has been used. Whether or not the specimens deform plastically, the resulting data on σ f vs F are analyzed using established equations of fracture mechanics in conjunction with an empirical rising R curve equation that characterizes the increase in fracture resistance, K R( c ), with crack length, c . Results are presented on several ordered intermetallic compounds. These include Ni 3Ge and Ti 5Si 3, which exhibit no ductility prior to fracture, and NiAl and a complex TiAl alloy, which both exhibit limited ductility before fracturing. The values of K ∞ determined with the MDBT are in very good agreement with values of K IC measured using conventional methods.
文摘Clinical laboratory tests are basic elements that support healthcare tasks such as disease detection, diagnosis and monitoring of response to treatments. Current laboratory information systems focus on the patient database, tests and results, with multiple modules available, connecting with the various analytical systems or work areas. However laboratory information systems functioned as “islands of information”, because their design was fundamentally inward-looking and disconnected from other healthcare computer applications. Actually, the Electronic Health Register (EHR) is considered by clinicians as a tool with great potential healthcare benefits. The EHR, in the sense of a unique and complete record of a patient’s healthcare and state of health, regardless of the healthcare level used, is a real attempt to eliminate these “islands of information” and need modules to act as “bridges” with the laboratory information systems. This type of module, which in generic terms may be referred to as a laboratory test request module, has become an essential feature of the EHR. These modules need to use a laboratory coding system as a common language for exchanging information, ensuring that tests and results are unequivocally identified. The development of the laboratory test request module requires the commitment of professionals and political authorities, being necessary time for their design and an adequate pilot phase. The laboratory professionals have to assume a leadership role in the whole process of design, development and implementation of these modules, integrating in the equipment of information technologies of healthcare providers. In our manuscript we review the elements that may prove electronic systems for requesting clinical laboratory test into digital clinical records and the key elements to move from theory to practice.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10771163)
文摘In this paper,we consider testing the hypothesis that all multinomial populations in the stratified contingency table are identically distributed against the alternative that all these popula-tions are in simple tree order.We provide an asymptotic represen-tation of the order-restricted maximum likelihood estimate of the unknown parameters.The resulting estimators are proven to be~n-consistent and asymptotically normal under appropriate conditions.A chi-squared test method is used for this hypothesis test problem.A real data set is applied to illustrate our theoretical result.
文摘A great number of semi-analytical models, notably the representation of electromagnetic fields by integral equations are based on the second order vector potential (SOVP) formalism which introduces two scalar potentials in order to obtain analytical expressions of the electromagnetic fields from the two potentials. However, the scalar decomposition is often known for canonical coordinate systems. This paper aims in introducing a specific SOVP formulation dedicated to arbitrary non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates systems. The electromagnetic field representation which is derived in this paper constitutes the key stone for the development of semi-analytical models for solving some eddy currents moelling problems and electromagnetic radiation problems considering at least two homogeneous media separated by a rough interface. This SOVP formulation is derived from the tensor formalism and Maxwell’s equations written in a non-orthogonal coordinates system adapted to a surface characterized by a 2D arbitrary aperiodic profile.
