Building upon previous work （Lancaster, 2014） which defined and theoretically situated political monitoring as an analytical concept, this essay first reiterates the importance of political monitoring to the study o...Building upon previous work （Lancaster, 2014） which defined and theoretically situated political monitoring as an analytical concept, this essay first reiterates the importance of political monitoring to the study of institutions of governance and related policy design. The conceptualization of political monitoring builds upon the psychological notion that people change their behavior if they believe someone is watching them. Second, it discusses theoretically how and why policy design might incorporate political monitoring in order to produce specific outcomes. Third, it presents empirical evidence from several illustrative examples to demonstrate how the institutionalization of political monitoring affects policy outcomes.展开更多
This paper examines the establishment of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society(NCBRAS),which was initially known as the Shanghai Literary and Scientific Society,focusing on its merits and drawbacks from ...This paper examines the establishment of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society(NCBRAS),which was initially known as the Shanghai Literary and Scientific Society,focusing on its merits and drawbacks from the perspective of scientific imperialism.It analyzes the founders’motivations and their affiliation with the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland(RAS),framing NCBRAS as a product of scientific imperialism.Unlike previous sinology-centric research,this study explores the benefits derived from scientific institutions,Orientalist traditions,and Europe’s overseas expansion.Despite the opportunity provided by all the merits,the NCBRAS also faced challenges due to Chinese and foreign hostilities,financial inadequacies,and cultural differences.This dual situation played a pivotal role in shaping the future trajectory of the NCBRAS.This inquiry into the context and drawbacks contributes to a deeper understanding of NCBRAS and offers new perspectives on natural history research in 1850s China.展开更多
This article examines the evolution of India’s border laws from colonial to post-colonial periods,analyzing the continuities and transformations in legal frameworks governing territorial boundaries.Through historical...This article examines the evolution of India’s border laws from colonial to post-colonial periods,analyzing the continuities and transformations in legal frameworks governing territorial boundaries.Through historical-legal analysis of key legislation,policies,and judicial interpretations,the research demonstrates how colonial border regulations-primarily designed for imperial control-have been selectively preserved,modified,or replaced to serve post-independence imperatives.Findings reveal that 62%of colonial border management mechanisms persisted verbatim in post-colonial legislation,while regional variations created overlapping“legal border zones”with differential adaptation rates.The study identifies a significant shift from administrative boundaries toward securitized frontiers,with a 217%increase in religious and ethnic identifiers in post-1947 border legislation.This legal evolution reflects broader tensions between decolonization aspirations and inherited governance structures,creating what Cons(2016)terms“sensitive spaces”where exceptional legal regimes continue to operate.The research contributes to understanding how post-colonial states navigate the paradox of maintaining sovereignty through legal instruments originally designed for imperial control,with implications for borderland populations who experience persistent“legal liminality”despite constitutional protections.展开更多
Taking its advantages as a state-owned financial institution,the Bank of China Shanghai Branch has formulated the action plan for the high-quality development of AI,which includes ten aspects.First,it will invest no l...Taking its advantages as a state-owned financial institution,the Bank of China Shanghai Branch has formulated the action plan for the high-quality development of AI,which includes ten aspects.First,it will invest no less than 100 billion yuan in the next five years to provide strong comprehensive financial support for various entities in Shanghai’s entire AI industry chain.展开更多
Periodontitis has emerged as one of the most critical oral diseases, and research on this condition holds great importance for the advancement of stomatology. As the most authoritative national scientific research fun...Periodontitis has emerged as one of the most critical oral diseases, and research on this condition holds great importance for the advancement of stomatology. As the most authoritative national scientific research funding institution in China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) has played a pivotal role in driving the progress of periodontal science by supporting research on periodontitis. This article provides a comprehensive review of the research and development progress related to periodontitis in China from 2014 to 2023, highlighting the significant contributions of the NSFC to this field. We have summarized the detailed funding information from the NSFC, including the number of applicant codes, funded programs and the distribution of funded scholars. These data illustrate the efforts of the NSFC in cultivating young scientists and building research groups to address key challenges in national scientific research. This study offers an overview of the current hot topics, recent breakthroughs and future research prospects related to periodontitis in China.展开更多
1背景2011年,随着循证医学和系统评价对临床实践指南的影响,美国医学科学院（Institution of Medicine,IOM）组织了国际专家,对指南的定义进行了20年来的首次更新,即：临床实践指南是基于系统评价证据,平衡了不同干预措施的利弊,在此基...1背景2011年,随着循证医学和系统评价对临床实践指南的影响,美国医学科学院（Institution of Medicine,IOM）组织了国际专家,对指南的定义进行了20年来的首次更新,即：临床实践指南是基于系统评价证据,平衡了不同干预措施的利弊,在此基础上形成的能够为患者提供最佳保健服务的推荐意见。该定义明确指出,指南应该基于系统评价制作,此外还需满足以下几条标准：多学科团队制定;展开更多
1会议概况
由亚洲流体力学委员会（Asian Fluid Mechanics Committee）主办，马来西亚工程师协会（The Institution of Engineers，Malaysia）承办的“第十一届亚洲流体力学会议’2006”（The Eleventh Asian Congress of Fluid Mechan...1会议概况
由亚洲流体力学委员会（Asian Fluid Mechanics Committee）主办，马来西亚工程师协会（The Institution of Engineers，Malaysia）承办的“第十一届亚洲流体力学会议’2006”（The Eleventh Asian Congress of Fluid Mechanics，11ACFM’2006）于2006年5月22-25日在位于马来西亚首都吉隆坡市中心的Berjaya时代广场酒店会议中心（Berjaya Times Square Hotel ＆ Convention Center）召开．会议的组织委员会由亚洲流体力学委员会和当地组委会组成．其中亚洲流体力学委员会主席为M．Kiya（Japan）教授，副主席为崔尔杰教授和P．R．Viswanath （India）博士．当地组委会主席由C．S．Ow（Malaysia）教授担任，副主席由C．P．Tso（Malaysia）教授担任．展开更多
文摘Building upon previous work （Lancaster, 2014） which defined and theoretically situated political monitoring as an analytical concept, this essay first reiterates the importance of political monitoring to the study of institutions of governance and related policy design. The conceptualization of political monitoring builds upon the psychological notion that people change their behavior if they believe someone is watching them. Second, it discusses theoretically how and why policy design might incorporate political monitoring in order to produce specific outcomes. Third, it presents empirical evidence from several illustrative examples to demonstrate how the institutionalization of political monitoring affects policy outcomes.
文摘This paper examines the establishment of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society(NCBRAS),which was initially known as the Shanghai Literary and Scientific Society,focusing on its merits and drawbacks from the perspective of scientific imperialism.It analyzes the founders’motivations and their affiliation with the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland(RAS),framing NCBRAS as a product of scientific imperialism.Unlike previous sinology-centric research,this study explores the benefits derived from scientific institutions,Orientalist traditions,and Europe’s overseas expansion.Despite the opportunity provided by all the merits,the NCBRAS also faced challenges due to Chinese and foreign hostilities,financial inadequacies,and cultural differences.This dual situation played a pivotal role in shaping the future trajectory of the NCBRAS.This inquiry into the context and drawbacks contributes to a deeper understanding of NCBRAS and offers new perspectives on natural history research in 1850s China.
文摘This article examines the evolution of India’s border laws from colonial to post-colonial periods,analyzing the continuities and transformations in legal frameworks governing territorial boundaries.Through historical-legal analysis of key legislation,policies,and judicial interpretations,the research demonstrates how colonial border regulations-primarily designed for imperial control-have been selectively preserved,modified,or replaced to serve post-independence imperatives.Findings reveal that 62%of colonial border management mechanisms persisted verbatim in post-colonial legislation,while regional variations created overlapping“legal border zones”with differential adaptation rates.The study identifies a significant shift from administrative boundaries toward securitized frontiers,with a 217%increase in religious and ethnic identifiers in post-1947 border legislation.This legal evolution reflects broader tensions between decolonization aspirations and inherited governance structures,creating what Cons(2016)terms“sensitive spaces”where exceptional legal regimes continue to operate.The research contributes to understanding how post-colonial states navigate the paradox of maintaining sovereignty through legal instruments originally designed for imperial control,with implications for borderland populations who experience persistent“legal liminality”despite constitutional protections.
文摘Taking its advantages as a state-owned financial institution,the Bank of China Shanghai Branch has formulated the action plan for the high-quality development of AI,which includes ten aspects.First,it will invest no less than 100 billion yuan in the next five years to provide strong comprehensive financial support for various entities in Shanghai’s entire AI industry chain.
文摘Periodontitis has emerged as one of the most critical oral diseases, and research on this condition holds great importance for the advancement of stomatology. As the most authoritative national scientific research funding institution in China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) has played a pivotal role in driving the progress of periodontal science by supporting research on periodontitis. This article provides a comprehensive review of the research and development progress related to periodontitis in China from 2014 to 2023, highlighting the significant contributions of the NSFC to this field. We have summarized the detailed funding information from the NSFC, including the number of applicant codes, funded programs and the distribution of funded scholars. These data illustrate the efforts of the NSFC in cultivating young scientists and building research groups to address key challenges in national scientific research. This study offers an overview of the current hot topics, recent breakthroughs and future research prospects related to periodontitis in China.
文摘1背景2011年,随着循证医学和系统评价对临床实践指南的影响,美国医学科学院（Institution of Medicine,IOM）组织了国际专家,对指南的定义进行了20年来的首次更新,即：临床实践指南是基于系统评价证据,平衡了不同干预措施的利弊,在此基础上形成的能够为患者提供最佳保健服务的推荐意见。该定义明确指出,指南应该基于系统评价制作,此外还需满足以下几条标准：多学科团队制定;
文摘1会议概况
由亚洲流体力学委员会（Asian Fluid Mechanics Committee）主办，马来西亚工程师协会（The Institution of Engineers，Malaysia）承办的“第十一届亚洲流体力学会议’2006”（The Eleventh Asian Congress of Fluid Mechanics，11ACFM’2006）于2006年5月22-25日在位于马来西亚首都吉隆坡市中心的Berjaya时代广场酒店会议中心（Berjaya Times Square Hotel ＆ Convention Center）召开．会议的组织委员会由亚洲流体力学委员会和当地组委会组成．其中亚洲流体力学委员会主席为M．Kiya（Japan）教授，副主席为崔尔杰教授和P．R．Viswanath （India）博士．当地组委会主席由C．S．Ow（Malaysia）教授担任，副主席由C．P．Tso（Malaysia）教授担任．
