Differential pulse-position modulation(DP PM)can achieve a good compromise between power and bandwidth requirements.However,the output sequence has undetectable insertions and deletions.This paper proposes a successiv...Differential pulse-position modulation(DP PM)can achieve a good compromise between power and bandwidth requirements.However,the output sequence has undetectable insertions and deletions.This paper proposes a successive cancellation(SC)decoding scheme based on the weighted levenshtein distance(WLD)of polar codes for correcting insertions/deletions in DPPM systems.In this method,the WLD is used to calculate the transfer probabilities recursively to obtain likelihood ratios,and the low-complexity SC decoding method is built according to the error characteristics to match the DPPM system.Additionally,the proposed SC decoding scheme is extended to list decoding,which can further improve error correction performance.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively correct insertions/deletions in the DPPM system,which enhances its reliability and performance.展开更多
Objective The present study aimed to estimate the association between susceptibility to migraine and the 12nucleotide insertion/deletion （indel） polymorphism in promoter region ofα 2B -adrenergic receptor gene （AD...Objective The present study aimed to estimate the association between susceptibility to migraine and the 12nucleotide insertion/deletion （indel） polymorphism in promoter region ofα 2B -adrenergic receptor gene （ADRA2B）.Methods A case-control study was carried out in Chinese Han population,including 368 cases of migraine and 517 controls.Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples,and DNA fragments containing the site of polymorphism were amplified by PCR.Data were adjusted for sex,age,migraine history and family history,and analyzed using a logistic regression model.Results There was no association between indel polymorphism and migraine,at either the allele or the genotype level.Conclusion These findings do not support a functional significance of ADRA2B indel polymorphism at position-4825 relative to the start codon in the far upstream region of the promoter in the present migraine subjects.展开更多
This study investigated the relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and the occurrence, severity, prognosis of HSPN. The polymorphism of ACE gene in 103 HSPN case...This study investigated the relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and the occurrence, severity, prognosis of HSPN. The polymorphism of ACE gene in 103 HSPN cases and 100 healthy children was studied by using the polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Its relation to the clinical manifestation, pathological classification and prognosis of HSPN was analyzed accordingly. The results showed that: (1) there was a significantly higher frequency for DD genotype in HSPN children (P<0.01); (2) DD genotype was more frequently seen in HSPN children with gross hematuria and massive proteinuria (P<0.05), while DI genotype was more common in HSPN children group with renal insufficiency (P<0.05); (3) although mesangial proliferative lesion was most frequently observed in 21 biopsied HSPN children, and DD genotype frequency was still higher in children with severe pathology (Class Ⅲ Ⅳ); (4)II genotype was significantly frequent in HSPN children with complete remission in the follow-up of 32 HSPN children. It was concluded that the deletion allele of ACE gene might play a role, at least to some extent, in the occurrence, deterioration and progression in juvenile HSPN.展开更多
Insertion and deletion(indel) mutations, which can trigger single nucleotide substitutions on the flanking regions of genes, may generate abundant materials for disease defense, reproduction, species survival and evol...Insertion and deletion(indel) mutations, which can trigger single nucleotide substitutions on the flanking regions of genes, may generate abundant materials for disease defense, reproduction, species survival and evolution. However, genetic and evolutionary mechanisms of indels remain elusive. We establish a comparative genome-transcriptome-alignment approach for a large-scale identification of indels in Monopterus population. Over 2000 indels in 1738 indel genes, including 1-21 bp deletions and 1-15 bp insertions, were detected. Each indel gene had ～1.1 deletions/insertions, and 2-4 alleles in population. Frequencies of deletions were prominently higher than those of insertions on both genome and population levels. Most of the indels led to in frame mutations with multiples of three and majorly occurred in non-domain regions, indicating functional constraint or tolerance of the indels. All indel genes showed higher expression levels than non-indel genes during sex reversal. Slide window analysis of global expression levels in gonads showed a significant positive correlation with indel density in the genome. Moreover, indel genes were evolutionarily conserved and evolved slowly compared to nonindel genes. Notably, population genetic structure of indels revealed divergent evolution of Monopterus population, as bottleneck effect of biogeographic isolation by Taiwan Strait, China.展开更多
Objective: The aim of this work is to determine whether the angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) I/D(insertion/deletion) polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility to congenital heart disease(CHD) in the Qinghai...Objective: The aim of this work is to determine whether the angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) I/D(insertion/deletion) polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility to congenital heart disease(CHD) in the Qinghai Han Chinese. Methods: This study enrolled 59 CHD patients and 193 CHD controls from Qinghai Cardiovascular Diseases Vocational Hospital. Blood samples were collected from each of the patient and control groups. The ACE-I/D polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Results: The genotype frequencies of ACE-I/D for II, ID, DD in patients and controls were 0.475, 0.441, 0.085 and 0.430, 0.446, 0.124, respectively. The allelic frequencies of I and D were 0.650, 0.350 and 0.695, 0.305, respectively. The OR of ID, DD and D alleles relative to II for CHD was 1.116(0.604-2.060), 1.619(0.564-4.648) and 1.211(0.777-1.889). There was no significant difference of the genotypic and the allelic frequencies in ACE-I/D polymorphism between the patient and control groups. Conclusion: There is no relation between ACE-I/D polymorphism and CHD in current Qinghai Han Chinese.展开更多
Objective To investigate the 23 bp and 12 bp insertion/deletion(indel)mutations within the bovine prion protein(PRNP)gene in Chinese dairy cows,and to detect the associations of two indel mutations with BSE susceptibi...Objective To investigate the 23 bp and 12 bp insertion/deletion(indel)mutations within the bovine prion protein(PRNP)gene in Chinese dairy cows,and to detect the associations of two indel mutations with BSE susceptibility and milk performance.Methods Based on bovine PRNP gene sequence,two pairs of primers for testing the 23 bp and 12 bp indel mutations were designed.The PCR amplification and agarose electrophoresis were carried out to distinguish the different genotypes within the mutations.Moreover,based on previous data from other cattle breeds and present genotypic and allelic frequencies of two indels mutations in this study,the corrections between the two indel mutations and BSE susceptibility were tested,as well as the relationships between the mutations and milk performance traits were analyzed in this study based on the statistical analyses.Results In the analyzed Chinese Holstein population,the frequencies of two"del"alleles in 23 bp and 12 bp indel muations were more frequent.The frequency of haplotype of 23del-12del was higher than those of 23del-12ins and 23ins-12del.From the estimated r2and D’values,two indel polymorphisms were linked strongly in the Holstein population(D’=57.5%,r2=0.257).Compared with the BSE-affected cattle populations from the reported data,the significant differences of genotypic and allelic frequencies were found among present Holstein and some BSE-affected populations(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Similarly,there were significant frequency distribution differences of genotypes and alleles among Chinese Holstein and several previous reported healthy dairy cattle(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Moreover,association of genotype and combined genotypes of two indel polymorphisms with milk performance and resistant mastitis traits were analyzed in Holstein population,but no significant differences were found(P>0.05).Conclusions These observations revealed that the influence of two indel mutations within the bovine PRNP gene on BSE depended on the breed and they did not affect the milk production traits,which layed the foundation for future selection of resistant animals,and for improving health conditions for dairy breeding against BSE in China.展开更多
Genome rearrangement is an important process that leads to genetic diversity,including mutation-related insertions,deletions,or inversions in the genome[1,2].
核苷酸替代和indels(插入、缺失统称)发生是进化的重要动力。以茄科植物为研究对象,探讨茄属中番茄和马铃薯、烟草属中绒毛状烟草和普通烟草分化时叶绿体基因组indels和核苷酸替代的发生方式,以及这两种突变对基因组造成的影响。结果显...核苷酸替代和indels(插入、缺失统称)发生是进化的重要动力。以茄科植物为研究对象,探讨茄属中番茄和马铃薯、烟草属中绒毛状烟草和普通烟草分化时叶绿体基因组indels和核苷酸替代的发生方式,以及这两种突变对基因组造成的影响。结果显示:indels和核苷酸替代的发生都不是随意的。indels发生在A+T丰富的区域,1 bp indels占据总数的30%以上,大部分indels都为低于10bp的较短片段。核苷酸替代表现出Ts(转换)/Tv(颠换)偏差,但T→G,A→C颠换频率却明显增加。Ts/Tv比值出现种属特异性,番茄和马铃薯比较时替代的Ts/Tv比值低于绒毛状烟草和普通烟草比较时Ts/Tv比值。不同物种替代的(A+T)/(G+C)比值有一定差异,从而影响基因组的(G+C)%,此比值的差异与形成物种的生长习性有一定的关系。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61801327).
文摘Differential pulse-position modulation(DP PM)can achieve a good compromise between power and bandwidth requirements.However,the output sequence has undetectable insertions and deletions.This paper proposes a successive cancellation(SC)decoding scheme based on the weighted levenshtein distance(WLD)of polar codes for correcting insertions/deletions in DPPM systems.In this method,the WLD is used to calculate the transfer probabilities recursively to obtain likelihood ratios,and the low-complexity SC decoding method is built according to the error characteristics to match the DPPM system.Additionally,the proposed SC decoding scheme is extended to list decoding,which can further improve error correction performance.Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively correct insertions/deletions in the DPPM system,which enhances its reliability and performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30800621)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.20080431121,200902530)
文摘Objective The present study aimed to estimate the association between susceptibility to migraine and the 12nucleotide insertion/deletion （indel） polymorphism in promoter region ofα 2B -adrenergic receptor gene （ADRA2B）.Methods A case-control study was carried out in Chinese Han population,including 368 cases of migraine and 517 controls.Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples,and DNA fragments containing the site of polymorphism were amplified by PCR.Data were adjusted for sex,age,migraine history and family history,and analyzed using a logistic regression model.Results There was no association between indel polymorphism and migraine,at either the allele or the genotype level.Conclusion These findings do not support a functional significance of ADRA2B indel polymorphism at position-4825 relative to the start codon in the far upstream region of the promoter in the present migraine subjects.
文摘This study investigated the relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and the occurrence, severity, prognosis of HSPN. The polymorphism of ACE gene in 103 HSPN cases and 100 healthy children was studied by using the polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Its relation to the clinical manifestation, pathological classification and prognosis of HSPN was analyzed accordingly. The results showed that: (1) there was a significantly higher frequency for DD genotype in HSPN children (P<0.01); (2) DD genotype was more frequently seen in HSPN children with gross hematuria and massive proteinuria (P<0.05), while DI genotype was more common in HSPN children group with renal insufficiency (P<0.05); (3) although mesangial proliferative lesion was most frequently observed in 21 biopsied HSPN children, and DD genotype frequency was still higher in children with severe pathology (Class Ⅲ Ⅳ); (4)II genotype was significantly frequent in HSPN children with complete remission in the follow-up of 32 HSPN children. It was concluded that the deletion allele of ACE gene might play a role, at least to some extent, in the occurrence, deterioration and progression in juvenile HSPN.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571280 and 31771370)National Key Technologies R&D Program and Hubei Province Science and Technology project
文摘Insertion and deletion(indel) mutations, which can trigger single nucleotide substitutions on the flanking regions of genes, may generate abundant materials for disease defense, reproduction, species survival and evolution. However, genetic and evolutionary mechanisms of indels remain elusive. We establish a comparative genome-transcriptome-alignment approach for a large-scale identification of indels in Monopterus population. Over 2000 indels in 1738 indel genes, including 1-21 bp deletions and 1-15 bp insertions, were detected. Each indel gene had ～1.1 deletions/insertions, and 2-4 alleles in population. Frequencies of deletions were prominently higher than those of insertions on both genome and population levels. Most of the indels led to in frame mutations with multiples of three and majorly occurred in non-domain regions, indicating functional constraint or tolerance of the indels. All indel genes showed higher expression levels than non-indel genes during sex reversal. Slide window analysis of global expression levels in gonads showed a significant positive correlation with indel density in the genome. Moreover, indel genes were evolutionarily conserved and evolved slowly compared to nonindel genes. Notably, population genetic structure of indels revealed divergent evolution of Monopterus population, as bottleneck effect of biogeographic isolation by Taiwan Strait, China.
基金supported by Qinghai Science & Technology Support Program(2015-SF-124)Basic Applied Study Foundation of Qinghai(2016-ZJ-706)
文摘Objective: The aim of this work is to determine whether the angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) I/D(insertion/deletion) polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility to congenital heart disease(CHD) in the Qinghai Han Chinese. Methods: This study enrolled 59 CHD patients and 193 CHD controls from Qinghai Cardiovascular Diseases Vocational Hospital. Blood samples were collected from each of the patient and control groups. The ACE-I/D polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Results: The genotype frequencies of ACE-I/D for II, ID, DD in patients and controls were 0.475, 0.441, 0.085 and 0.430, 0.446, 0.124, respectively. The allelic frequencies of I and D were 0.650, 0.350 and 0.695, 0.305, respectively. The OR of ID, DD and D alleles relative to II for CHD was 1.116(0.604-2.060), 1.619(0.564-4.648) and 1.211(0.777-1.889). There was no significant difference of the genotypic and the allelic frequencies in ACE-I/D polymorphism between the patient and control groups. Conclusion: There is no relation between ACE-I/D polymorphism and CHD in current Qinghai Han Chinese.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31272408 30972080)+2 种基金the National 863 Program of China (Grant No. 2013AA102505)the Program of National Beef Cattle and yak Industrial Technology System (CARS-38)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Projects of Shanxi Province (No. 2012NKC01-13).
文摘Objective To investigate the 23 bp and 12 bp insertion/deletion(indel)mutations within the bovine prion protein(PRNP)gene in Chinese dairy cows,and to detect the associations of two indel mutations with BSE susceptibility and milk performance.Methods Based on bovine PRNP gene sequence,two pairs of primers for testing the 23 bp and 12 bp indel mutations were designed.The PCR amplification and agarose electrophoresis were carried out to distinguish the different genotypes within the mutations.Moreover,based on previous data from other cattle breeds and present genotypic and allelic frequencies of two indels mutations in this study,the corrections between the two indel mutations and BSE susceptibility were tested,as well as the relationships between the mutations and milk performance traits were analyzed in this study based on the statistical analyses.Results In the analyzed Chinese Holstein population,the frequencies of two"del"alleles in 23 bp and 12 bp indel muations were more frequent.The frequency of haplotype of 23del-12del was higher than those of 23del-12ins and 23ins-12del.From the estimated r2and D’values,two indel polymorphisms were linked strongly in the Holstein population(D’=57.5%,r2=0.257).Compared with the BSE-affected cattle populations from the reported data,the significant differences of genotypic and allelic frequencies were found among present Holstein and some BSE-affected populations(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Similarly,there were significant frequency distribution differences of genotypes and alleles among Chinese Holstein and several previous reported healthy dairy cattle(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Moreover,association of genotype and combined genotypes of two indel polymorphisms with milk performance and resistant mastitis traits were analyzed in Holstein population,but no significant differences were found(P>0.05).Conclusions These observations revealed that the influence of two indel mutations within the bovine PRNP gene on BSE depended on the breed and they did not affect the milk production traits,which layed the foundation for future selection of resistant animals,and for improving health conditions for dairy breeding against BSE in China.
文摘为了研究主要促进因子超家族成员13A(major facilitator superfamily domain containing 13A,MFSD13A)基因第一内含子区21 bp和第二外显子区19 bp插入/缺失(insertion/deletion,indel)变异对夏南牛生长性状的影响,试验以夏南牛、郏县红牛和南阳牛等12个品种为研究对象,采用PCR、琼脂糖凝胶电泳和实时荧光定量PCR等方法检测MFSD13A基因40 bp indel基因分型及MFSD13A基因组织表达分析,通过牛基因型-组织表达(genotype-issue expression,GTEx)数据分析40 bp indel变异对MFSD13A基因表达的影响。结果表明:MFSD13A基因上游存在完全连锁平衡的21 bp与19 bp两个indel变异;40 bp indel等位基因型频率在12个品种(群体)中I等位基因频率高于D等位基因且属于中度或低度多态,并在夏南牛、郏县红牛、南阳牛、皖东牛、大别山牛和德南牛品种中处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05);MFSD13A基因40 bp indel位点与夏南牛和南阳牛的体重、体高和胸围均呈显著相关(P<0.05);肾脏和脂肪组织中MFSD13A基因的相对表达量显著高于其他组织(P<0.05);II基因型个体MFSD13A基因的mRNA表达量显著高于ID和DD基因型(P<0.05)。说明MFSD13A基因突变对夏南牛生长性状有显著影响,可作为夏南牛优良性状选育的候选分子标记。
基金supported by grants(92168103,32171417,2019CXJQ01)from the National Nature Science Foundation of China,Shanghai Municipal GovernmentPeak Disciplines(Type IV)of Institutions of Higher Learning in Shanghai.
文摘Genome rearrangement is an important process that leads to genetic diversity,including mutation-related insertions,deletions,or inversions in the genome[1,2].
文摘核苷酸替代和indels(插入、缺失统称)发生是进化的重要动力。以茄科植物为研究对象,探讨茄属中番茄和马铃薯、烟草属中绒毛状烟草和普通烟草分化时叶绿体基因组indels和核苷酸替代的发生方式,以及这两种突变对基因组造成的影响。结果显示:indels和核苷酸替代的发生都不是随意的。indels发生在A+T丰富的区域,1 bp indels占据总数的30%以上,大部分indels都为低于10bp的较短片段。核苷酸替代表现出Ts(转换)/Tv(颠换)偏差,但T→G,A→C颠换频率却明显增加。Ts/Tv比值出现种属特异性,番茄和马铃薯比较时替代的Ts/Tv比值低于绒毛状烟草和普通烟草比较时Ts/Tv比值。不同物种替代的(A+T)/(G+C)比值有一定差异,从而影响基因组的(G+C)%,此比值的差异与形成物种的生长习性有一定的关系。
