Purpose:The study evaluates the relative roles of Domestic-Funded Enterprises(DFEs)and Foreign-Funded Enterprises(FFEs)across Chinese provinces.It further examines how industrial structures differ by ownership at both...Purpose:The study evaluates the relative roles of Domestic-Funded Enterprises(DFEs)and Foreign-Funded Enterprises(FFEs)across Chinese provinces.It further examines how industrial structures differ by ownership at both regional and national scales.Drawing on these findings,the analysis traces the geographic shift of FFEs and offers evidence-based guidance for shaping foreign investment policy.Design/methodology/approach:This study uses Inter-Country Input-Output(ICIO)and Inter-Region Input-Output(IRIO)tables to build two extended datasets:Ownership-Extended Inter-Country Input-Output(OE-ICIO)and Ownership-Extended Multi-Region Input-Output(OE-IRIO)tables.These are then combined to construct the Regionally-Ownership Dually-Extended Multi-Regional Input-Output(RODE-MRIO)table and Global Domestic and Foreign Enterprises Network(GDFEN)model to explore the industrial relocation trends of FFEs in China.Findings:The results indicate that:(1)From 2010 to 2019,FFEs in China showed an overall decline in influence,profitability,and network robustness.(2)Eastern and developed regions saw a clear retreat of FFEs,with a shift toward domestic control.Central regions and more developed regions played a transitional role.Moreover,western and less developed regions remained stable but still relied on low-end and resource-based activities.(3)FFEs’influence has been gradually shifting towards less-developed central and western provinces due to rising labor costs and stricter environmental regulations.Research limitations:First,only general policy recommendations are proposed,without exploring the design of specific policy instruments.Second,the significant impact of recent trade measures on the behavior of FFEs has not been considered.Third,further research is needed to deepen the analysis by comparing regional ownership dynamics in China with those in other major economies.Practical implications:This research provides valuable insights for policymakers aiming to enhance regional economic development and improve China’s position within Global Value Chains(GVCs).Originality/value:The originality of this paper lies in its development of a new model that combines geographic,sectoral,and ownership dimensions.This model allows for a clearer analysis of the roles of foreign and DFEs in China’s regional economy.It offers insights into industrial transfer trends within global value chains and provides a framework for analyzing and forecasting future shifts.展开更多
Environmentally Extended Input-Output(EEIO)tables have become a powerful element in supporting information-based environmental and economic policies.National-and provincial-level 10 tables are currently published by t...Environmentally Extended Input-Output(EEIO)tables have become a powerful element in supporting information-based environmental and economic policies.National-and provincial-level 10 tables are currently published by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China according to well-defined conventions.However,county-level 10tables are not provided as a rule by official statistics organizations.This paper conducts an overview of compiling EEIO tables for environmental and resources accounting at the county level and then answers several questions:First,what kind of data should be prepared for the compilation of county-level EEIO tables?Second,how can we set up comprehensive EEIO tables at the county level?Third,regarding the survey methods and the indirect modeling,which one should be chosen to build EEIO tables at the county level?Finally,what policy questions could such a table answer?EEIO tables at the county level can be used to predict the economic impacts of environmental policies and to perform trend and scenario analysis.展开更多
Obtaining the vertical distribution profile of trace gas is of great significance for studying the diffusion procedure of air pollution.In this article,a look-up table method based on multi-axis differential optical a...Obtaining the vertical distribution profile of trace gas is of great significance for studying the diffusion procedure of air pollution.In this article,a look-up table method based on multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy(MAX-DOAS)technology is established for retrieving the tropospheric NO_(2) vertical distribution profiles.This method retrieves the aerosol extinction profiles with minimum cost function.Then,the aerosol extinction profiles and the atmospheric radiation transfer model(RTM)are employed to establish the look-up table for retrieving the NO_(2) vertical column densities(VCDs)and profiles.The measured NO_(2) differential slant column densities(DSCDs)are compared with the NO_(2) DSCDs simulated by the atmospheric RTM,and the NO_(2) VCDs,the weight factor of NO_(2) in the boundary layer,and the boundary layer height are obtained by the minimization process.The look-up table is established to retrieve NO_(2) VCDs based on MAX-DOAS measurements in Huaibei area,and the results are compared with the data from Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service(CAMS)model.It is found that there are nearly consistent and the correlation coefficient R2 is more than 0.86.The results show that this technology provides a more convenient and accurate retrieval method for the stereoscopic monitoring of atmospheric environment.展开更多
The previous methods of figuring the numbers of chemical elements is summed up in this paper. Based on that, another two creative calculative methods are introduced as well.
The spatial prediction of the water table can be used for many applications related to civil works (foundations, excavations) and other urban and environmental management activities. Deterministic and geostatistical i...The spatial prediction of the water table can be used for many applications related to civil works (foundations, excavations) and other urban and environmental management activities. Deterministic and geostatistical interpolation methods were used to predict the spatial distribution of water table levels (unconfined aquifers) of important geological formations of the Joao Pessoa City (capital of Paraiba State, Brazil) with dense urban occupation and high demand for new civil works. The deterministic (topo to raster) and geostatistical (ordinary kriging) interpolation methods were evaluated using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based investigation. The water table levels were obtained from 276 boring logs of Standard Penetration Test (SPT) in situ investigation distributed over the geological formations studied (an area of 59.8 km<sup>2</sup>, covering 40 districts of the Joao Pessoa City). The Nspt values and textural characterization data are stored for levels of 1 m depth. Some boreholes located in the area investigated were not included in the interpolation processes in order to be compared with estimated values (validation of the results). Maps of the water table depths were also produced to further analyze the quality of the water table surfaces interpolated by both methods. The phreatic surface interpolations provided satisfactory results for both methods (RMSE = 1.8 m). The topo to raster method showed a slight general tendency to be less affected by local values in relation to the kriging method and also has the advantage of integrating the drainage flow system, which is a relevant aspect for spatial models of the water table levels of unconfined aquifers. The ordinary kriging (geostatistical method) provides a prediction surface and some measure of the certainty or accuracy of the predictions.展开更多
Underground utility tunnels are widely used in urban areas throughout the world for lifeline networks due to their easy maintenance and environmental protection capabilities. However, knowledge about their seismic per...Underground utility tunnels are widely used in urban areas throughout the world for lifeline networks due to their easy maintenance and environmental protection capabilities. However, knowledge about their seismic performance is still quite limited and seismic design procedures are not included in current design codes. This paper describes a series of shaking table tests the authors performed on a scaled utility tunnel model to explore its performance under earthquake excitation. Details of the experimental setup are first presented focusing on aspects such as the design of the soil container, scaled structural model, sensor array arrangement and test procedure. The main observations from the test program, including structural response, soil response, soil-structure interaction and earth pressure, are summarized and discussed. Further, a finite element model （FEM） of the test utility tunnel is established where the nonlinear soil properties are modeled by the Drucker- Prager constitutive model; the master-slave surface mechanism is employed to simulate the soil-structure dynamic interaction; and the confining effect of the laminar shear box to soil is considered by proper boundary modeling. The results from the numerical model are compared with experiment measurements in terms of displacement, acceleration and amplification factor of the structural model and the soil. The comparison shows that the numerical results match the experimental measurements quite well. The validated numerical model can be adopted for further analysis.展开更多
The current exact Rayleigh scattering calculation of ocean color remote sensing uses the look-up table （LUT）, which is usually created for a special remote sensor and cannot be applied to other sensors. For practica...The current exact Rayleigh scattering calculation of ocean color remote sensing uses the look-up table （LUT）, which is usually created for a special remote sensor and cannot be applied to other sensors. For practical application, a general purpose Rayleigh scattering LUT which can be applied to all ocean color remote sensors is generated. An adding-doubling method to solve the vector radiative transfer equation in the plane-parallel atmosphere is deduced in detail. Compared with the exact Rayleigh scattering radiance derived from the MODIS exact Rayleigh scattering LUT, it is proved that the relative error of Rayleigh scattering calculation with the adding-doubling method is less than 0.25%, which meets the required accuracy of the atmospheric correction of ocean color remote sensing. Therefore, the adding-doubling method can be used to generate the exact Rayleigh scattering LUT for the ocean color remote sensors. Finally, the general purpose exact Rayleigh scattering LUT is generated using the adding-doubling method. On the basis of the general purpose LUT, the calculated Rayleigh scattering radiance is tested by comparing with the LUTs ofMODIS, SeaWiFS and the other ocean color sensors, showing that the relative errors are all less than 0.5%, and this general purpose LUT can be applied to all ocean color remote sensors.展开更多
A shake-table experiment on pile foundations in liquefi able soils composed of liquefi able sand and overlying soft clay is studied. A three-dimensional(3D) effective stress fi nite element(FE) analysis is employed to...A shake-table experiment on pile foundations in liquefi able soils composed of liquefi able sand and overlying soft clay is studied. A three-dimensional(3D) effective stress fi nite element(FE) analysis is employed to simulate the experiment. A recently developed multi-surface elasto-plastic constitutive model and a fully coupled dynamic inelastic FE formulation(u-p) are used to model the liquefaction behavior of the sand. The soil domains are discretized using a solid-fl uid fully coupled(u-p) 20-8 noded brick element. The pile is simulated using beam-column elements. Upon careful calibration, very good agreement is obtained between the computed and the measured dynamic behavior of the ground and the pile. A parametric analysis is also conducted on the model to investigate the effect of pile-pinning, pile diameter, pile stiffness, ground inclination angle, superstructure mass and pile head restraints on the ground improvement. It is found that the pile foundation has a noticeable pinning effect that reduces the lateral soil displacement. It is observed that a larger pile diameter and fi xed pile head restraints contribute to decreasing the lateral pile deformation; however, a higher ground inclination angle tends to increase the lateral pile head displacements and pile stiffness, and superstructure mass seems to effectively infl uence the lateral pile displacements.展开更多
Based on 2012 input-output table of Shandong province and the official statistics, this article uses the input-output analysis method to build the input-output table. On the basis of the development of service industr...Based on 2012 input-output table of Shandong province and the official statistics, this article uses the input-output analysis method to build the input-output table. On the basis of the development of service industry in Shandong province's ability, we make a theoretical analysis framework of a comprehensive in-depth analysis on pull employment, creatively will cost tax rate, fully and completely labor capital and the combination of both the industry development space. So that the industry's ability to pull the employment can be considered, and to realize rapid and sustained development of service industry in Shandong province.展开更多
An interval Pade-type approximation is introduced and then Routh-Pade-type method （IRPTM） is presented to model reduction in interval systems. The denominator in reduced model is obtained from the stable Routh table...An interval Pade-type approximation is introduced and then Routh-Pade-type method （IRPTM） is presented to model reduction in interval systems. The denominator in reduced model is obtained from the stable Routh table, and its numerator is constructed by the interval Pade-type definition. Compared to the existing Routh-Pade method, IRPTM does not need to solve linear interval equations theoretical analysis shows that IRPTM has example is given to illustrate our method. Hence, we do not have to compute smaller computational cost than that interval division in the process. Moreover, of Routh-Pade method. A typical numerical展开更多
Global production networks have become the most important organizational platforms for coordinating international production activities,and their evolution patterns profoundly affect value distribution across the worl...Global production networks have become the most important organizational platforms for coordinating international production activities,and their evolution patterns profoundly affect value distribution across the world.In this study,we shall firstly carry out an in-depth quantitative research to analyze the patterns and evolution of global production networks,using a long time-sequenced multi-region input-output table and the network analysis approach.Then based on the method of value-added decomposition,we will develop an index system to measure the degree of participation of regions in global production networks.Finally,we will try to identify the factors affecting the degree of participation of countries in global production networks by constructing a regression model.The results show that from 1995 to 2015,the evolution of global production networks measured by input-output linkages experienced four stages:expansion,contraction,re-expansion,and re-contraction.In addition,the core communities of global production networks evolved from two major production communities(Europe and the Americas)to three pillars(Europe,Americas,and Asia)while more segmented communities are mainly affected by geographical proximity.The latter consists of European,North American,South American,African and Asian communities.The evolution of the global production network pattern primarily manifests as a process of cooperation strengthening or weakening among communities,based on changes in the external environment and the need for individual development strategies.Meanwhile,the United States,Germany,and the United Kingdom have consistently ranked among the top entities in global production networks,whereas China,Russia,and Southeast Asia have the fastest rises in ranking.In addition,government efficiency,resources endowment,infrastructure conditions and technology levels play important roles in the participation in global production networks.展开更多
The average risk indices,such as the loss of load expectation(LOLE)and expected demand not supplied(EDNS),have been widely used in risk assessment of power systems.However,the average indices can't distinguish bet...The average risk indices,such as the loss of load expectation(LOLE)and expected demand not supplied(EDNS),have been widely used in risk assessment of power systems.However,the average indices can't distinguish between the events of low probability but high damage and the events of high probability but low damage.In order to ov+rcome these shortcomings,this paper proposes an extended risk analysis framework for the power system based on the partitioned multi-objective risk method(PMRM).展开更多
A strategy for water and wastewater minimization is developed for continuous water utilization systems involving fixed flowrate(non-mass-transfer-based)operations,based on the fictitious operations that is introduced ...A strategy for water and wastewater minimization is developed for continuous water utilization systems involving fixed flowrate(non-mass-transfer-based)operations,based on the fictitious operations that is introduced to represent the water losing and/or generating operations and a modified concentration interval analysis(MCIA) technique.This strategy is a simple,nongraphical,and noniterative procedure and is suitable for the quick yields of targets and the identification of pinch point location.Moreover,on the basis of the target method,a heuristic-based approach is also presented to generate water utilization networks,which could be demonstrated to be optimum ones. The proposed approaches are illustrated with example problems.展开更多
To investigate the effect of soil-pile-structure interaction(SPSI effect)on the dynamic response of a baseisolated structure with buried footings on a pile foundation,certain shake table tests are previously conducted...To investigate the effect of soil-pile-structure interaction(SPSI effect)on the dynamic response of a baseisolated structure with buried footings on a pile foundation,certain shake table tests are previously conducted.Based on the test results and the existing related studies,an efficient simplified model and a corresponding calculation method are verified for estimating the dynamic characteristics of a base-isolated structure with buried footings on a pile foundation with the SSI effect.In this method,the solutions by Veletsos and co-workers for a non-isolated structure with the SSI effect are verified and advanced for a base-isolated structure,and the solutions by Maravas and co-workers for a non-isolated structure on a pile foundation are introduced to consider the effect of the piles.By comparison with the shake table test,this work proves that the simplified method can efficiently estimate the dynamic responses of a base-isolated structure with buried footings on a pile foundation.Using parameter analysis,this work also shows that the dynamic characteristics of a non-isolated structure are quite similar to those of the base-isolated structure when the soil foundation is sufficiently soft,which means that the isolation layer gradually loses its isolation function as the soil foundation softens.展开更多
This study was carried out in Harat Rahat (south of Almadinah Almonwarah) using seismic reflection and resistivity methods. The main objectives of this study are to determine the extent of the basaltic layer and to de...This study was carried out in Harat Rahat (south of Almadinah Almonwarah) using seismic reflection and resistivity methods. The main objectives of this study are to determine the extent of the basaltic layer and to define the subsurface faults and fractures that could affect and control the groundwater movement in the study area. A 2D seismic profile was acquired and the result shows that the subsurface in the study area has a major fault. We obtained a well match when the seismic result was compared with drilled wells. As a complementary tool, the resistivity method was applied in order to detect the groundwater level. The results of the resistivity method showed that six distinct layers have been identified. The interpretation of these six layers show that the first three layers, the fourth layer, the fifth layer and the bottom of the section indicated various subsurface structures and lithologies;various basaltic layers, fractured basalt, weathered basement and fresh basaltic layers, respectively. It is obvious that the eventual success of geophysical surveys depend on the combination with other subsurface data sources in order to produce accurate maps.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(72471007)Beijing Municipal Social Science Foundation Planning Project(23ZGB005)Humanities and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China(Grant No.23YJAZH041).
文摘Purpose:The study evaluates the relative roles of Domestic-Funded Enterprises(DFEs)and Foreign-Funded Enterprises(FFEs)across Chinese provinces.It further examines how industrial structures differ by ownership at both regional and national scales.Drawing on these findings,the analysis traces the geographic shift of FFEs and offers evidence-based guidance for shaping foreign investment policy.Design/methodology/approach:This study uses Inter-Country Input-Output(ICIO)and Inter-Region Input-Output(IRIO)tables to build two extended datasets:Ownership-Extended Inter-Country Input-Output(OE-ICIO)and Ownership-Extended Multi-Region Input-Output(OE-IRIO)tables.These are then combined to construct the Regionally-Ownership Dually-Extended Multi-Regional Input-Output(RODE-MRIO)table and Global Domestic and Foreign Enterprises Network(GDFEN)model to explore the industrial relocation trends of FFEs in China.Findings:The results indicate that:(1)From 2010 to 2019,FFEs in China showed an overall decline in influence,profitability,and network robustness.(2)Eastern and developed regions saw a clear retreat of FFEs,with a shift toward domestic control.Central regions and more developed regions played a transitional role.Moreover,western and less developed regions remained stable but still relied on low-end and resource-based activities.(3)FFEs’influence has been gradually shifting towards less-developed central and western provinces due to rising labor costs and stricter environmental regulations.Research limitations:First,only general policy recommendations are proposed,without exploring the design of specific policy instruments.Second,the significant impact of recent trade measures on the behavior of FFEs has not been considered.Third,further research is needed to deepen the analysis by comparing regional ownership dynamics in China with those in other major economies.Practical implications:This research provides valuable insights for policymakers aiming to enhance regional economic development and improve China’s position within Global Value Chains(GVCs).Originality/value:The originality of this paper lies in its development of a new model that combines geographic,sectoral,and ownership dimensions.This model allows for a clearer analysis of the roles of foreign and DFEs in China’s regional economy.It offers insights into industrial transfer trends within global value chains and provides a framework for analyzing and forecasting future shifts.
基金supported by the Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number KZZD-EW-08]the Exploratory Forefront Project for the Strategic Science Plan in IGSNRR,CAS
文摘Environmentally Extended Input-Output(EEIO)tables have become a powerful element in supporting information-based environmental and economic policies.National-and provincial-level 10 tables are currently published by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China according to well-defined conventions.However,county-level 10tables are not provided as a rule by official statistics organizations.This paper conducts an overview of compiling EEIO tables for environmental and resources accounting at the county level and then answers several questions:First,what kind of data should be prepared for the compilation of county-level EEIO tables?Second,how can we set up comprehensive EEIO tables at the county level?Third,regarding the survey methods and the indirect modeling,which one should be chosen to build EEIO tables at the county level?Finally,what policy questions could such a table answer?EEIO tables at the county level can be used to predict the economic impacts of environmental policies and to perform trend and scenario analysis.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41875040)the Top-notch Talents Program in Universities of Anhui Province,China(Grant No.gxbjZD2020067)the Natural Science Research Projects of Universities in Anhui Province,China(Grant No.KJ2020A0029).
文摘Obtaining the vertical distribution profile of trace gas is of great significance for studying the diffusion procedure of air pollution.In this article,a look-up table method based on multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy(MAX-DOAS)technology is established for retrieving the tropospheric NO_(2) vertical distribution profiles.This method retrieves the aerosol extinction profiles with minimum cost function.Then,the aerosol extinction profiles and the atmospheric radiation transfer model(RTM)are employed to establish the look-up table for retrieving the NO_(2) vertical column densities(VCDs)and profiles.The measured NO_(2) differential slant column densities(DSCDs)are compared with the NO_(2) DSCDs simulated by the atmospheric RTM,and the NO_(2) VCDs,the weight factor of NO_(2) in the boundary layer,and the boundary layer height are obtained by the minimization process.The look-up table is established to retrieve NO_(2) VCDs based on MAX-DOAS measurements in Huaibei area,and the results are compared with the data from Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service(CAMS)model.It is found that there are nearly consistent and the correlation coefficient R2 is more than 0.86.The results show that this technology provides a more convenient and accurate retrieval method for the stereoscopic monitoring of atmospheric environment.
基金This work is supported by the National Science Foundation of China （No. 20471001 and 20671001）, the Important Project of Anhui Provincial Education Department （No. ZD2007004-1）, the Specific Project for Talents of Science and Technology of Universities of Anhui Province （No. 2005hbz03） and the Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Polymer Materials of Anhui Province.
文摘The previous methods of figuring the numbers of chemical elements is summed up in this paper. Based on that, another two creative calculative methods are introduced as well.
文摘The spatial prediction of the water table can be used for many applications related to civil works (foundations, excavations) and other urban and environmental management activities. Deterministic and geostatistical interpolation methods were used to predict the spatial distribution of water table levels (unconfined aquifers) of important geological formations of the Joao Pessoa City (capital of Paraiba State, Brazil) with dense urban occupation and high demand for new civil works. The deterministic (topo to raster) and geostatistical (ordinary kriging) interpolation methods were evaluated using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based investigation. The water table levels were obtained from 276 boring logs of Standard Penetration Test (SPT) in situ investigation distributed over the geological formations studied (an area of 59.8 km<sup>2</sup>, covering 40 districts of the Joao Pessoa City). The Nspt values and textural characterization data are stored for levels of 1 m depth. Some boreholes located in the area investigated were not included in the interpolation processes in order to be compared with estimated values (validation of the results). Maps of the water table depths were also produced to further analyze the quality of the water table surfaces interpolated by both methods. The phreatic surface interpolations provided satisfactory results for both methods (RMSE = 1.8 m). The topo to raster method showed a slight general tendency to be less affected by local values in relation to the kriging method and also has the advantage of integrating the drainage flow system, which is a relevant aspect for spatial models of the water table levels of unconfined aquifers. The ordinary kriging (geostatistical method) provides a prediction surface and some measure of the certainty or accuracy of the predictions.
基金Key Project in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program Under Grant No. 2006BAJ03B03Research Fund for Young Teacher Supported by State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering Under Grant No. SLDRCE08-C-03
文摘Underground utility tunnels are widely used in urban areas throughout the world for lifeline networks due to their easy maintenance and environmental protection capabilities. However, knowledge about their seismic performance is still quite limited and seismic design procedures are not included in current design codes. This paper describes a series of shaking table tests the authors performed on a scaled utility tunnel model to explore its performance under earthquake excitation. Details of the experimental setup are first presented focusing on aspects such as the design of the soil container, scaled structural model, sensor array arrangement and test procedure. The main observations from the test program, including structural response, soil response, soil-structure interaction and earth pressure, are summarized and discussed. Further, a finite element model （FEM） of the test utility tunnel is established where the nonlinear soil properties are modeled by the Drucker- Prager constitutive model; the master-slave surface mechanism is employed to simulate the soil-structure dynamic interaction; and the confining effect of the laminar shear box to soil is considered by proper boundary modeling. The results from the numerical model are compared with experiment measurements in terms of displacement, acceleration and amplification factor of the structural model and the soil. The comparison shows that the numerical results match the experimental measurements quite well. The validated numerical model can be adopted for further analysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.40506036the High Tech Research and Development"863"Program of China under contract No.2003AA131160-04the Science and Technology Plan of Zhejiang Province of China under contract Nos 2004E60054 and 2004C13027.
文摘The current exact Rayleigh scattering calculation of ocean color remote sensing uses the look-up table （LUT）, which is usually created for a special remote sensor and cannot be applied to other sensors. For practical application, a general purpose Rayleigh scattering LUT which can be applied to all ocean color remote sensors is generated. An adding-doubling method to solve the vector radiative transfer equation in the plane-parallel atmosphere is deduced in detail. Compared with the exact Rayleigh scattering radiance derived from the MODIS exact Rayleigh scattering LUT, it is proved that the relative error of Rayleigh scattering calculation with the adding-doubling method is less than 0.25%, which meets the required accuracy of the atmospheric correction of ocean color remote sensing. Therefore, the adding-doubling method can be used to generate the exact Rayleigh scattering LUT for the ocean color remote sensors. Finally, the general purpose exact Rayleigh scattering LUT is generated using the adding-doubling method. On the basis of the general purpose LUT, the calculated Rayleigh scattering radiance is tested by comparing with the LUTs ofMODIS, SeaWiFS and the other ocean color sensors, showing that the relative errors are all less than 0.5%, and this general purpose LUT can be applied to all ocean color remote sensors.
基金Major Research Plan of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.90815009the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51108134,50378031 and 50178027
文摘A shake-table experiment on pile foundations in liquefi able soils composed of liquefi able sand and overlying soft clay is studied. A three-dimensional(3D) effective stress fi nite element(FE) analysis is employed to simulate the experiment. A recently developed multi-surface elasto-plastic constitutive model and a fully coupled dynamic inelastic FE formulation(u-p) are used to model the liquefaction behavior of the sand. The soil domains are discretized using a solid-fl uid fully coupled(u-p) 20-8 noded brick element. The pile is simulated using beam-column elements. Upon careful calibration, very good agreement is obtained between the computed and the measured dynamic behavior of the ground and the pile. A parametric analysis is also conducted on the model to investigate the effect of pile-pinning, pile diameter, pile stiffness, ground inclination angle, superstructure mass and pile head restraints on the ground improvement. It is found that the pile foundation has a noticeable pinning effect that reduces the lateral soil displacement. It is observed that a larger pile diameter and fi xed pile head restraints contribute to decreasing the lateral pile deformation; however, a higher ground inclination angle tends to increase the lateral pile head displacements and pile stiffness, and superstructure mass seems to effectively infl uence the lateral pile displacements.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China (Grant No. 15CGL048)
文摘Based on 2012 input-output table of Shandong province and the official statistics, this article uses the input-output analysis method to build the input-output table. On the basis of the development of service industry in Shandong province's ability, we make a theoretical analysis framework of a comprehensive in-depth analysis on pull employment, creatively will cost tax rate, fully and completely labor capital and the combination of both the industry development space. So that the industry's ability to pull the employment can be considered, and to realize rapid and sustained development of service industry in Shandong province.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10271074)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.J50101)
文摘An interval Pade-type approximation is introduced and then Routh-Pade-type method （IRPTM） is presented to model reduction in interval systems. The denominator in reduced model is obtained from the stable Routh table, and its numerator is constructed by the interval Pade-type definition. Compared to the existing Routh-Pade method, IRPTM does not need to solve linear interval equations theoretical analysis shows that IRPTM has example is given to illustrate our method. Hence, we do not have to compute smaller computational cost than that interval division in the process. Moreover, of Routh-Pade method. A typical numerical
基金Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.XDA20080000National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41901154。
文摘Global production networks have become the most important organizational platforms for coordinating international production activities,and their evolution patterns profoundly affect value distribution across the world.In this study,we shall firstly carry out an in-depth quantitative research to analyze the patterns and evolution of global production networks,using a long time-sequenced multi-region input-output table and the network analysis approach.Then based on the method of value-added decomposition,we will develop an index system to measure the degree of participation of regions in global production networks.Finally,we will try to identify the factors affecting the degree of participation of countries in global production networks by constructing a regression model.The results show that from 1995 to 2015,the evolution of global production networks measured by input-output linkages experienced four stages:expansion,contraction,re-expansion,and re-contraction.In addition,the core communities of global production networks evolved from two major production communities(Europe and the Americas)to three pillars(Europe,Americas,and Asia)while more segmented communities are mainly affected by geographical proximity.The latter consists of European,North American,South American,African and Asian communities.The evolution of the global production network pattern primarily manifests as a process of cooperation strengthening or weakening among communities,based on changes in the external environment and the need for individual development strategies.Meanwhile,the United States,Germany,and the United Kingdom have consistently ranked among the top entities in global production networks,whereas China,Russia,and Southeast Asia have the fastest rises in ranking.In addition,government efficiency,resources endowment,infrastructure conditions and technology levels play important roles in the participation in global production networks.
文摘The average risk indices,such as the loss of load expectation(LOLE)and expected demand not supplied(EDNS),have been widely used in risk assessment of power systems.However,the average indices can't distinguish between the events of low probability but high damage and the events of high probability but low damage.In order to ov+rcome these shortcomings,this paper proposes an extended risk analysis framework for the power system based on the partitioned multi-objective risk method(PMRM).
文摘A strategy for water and wastewater minimization is developed for continuous water utilization systems involving fixed flowrate(non-mass-transfer-based)operations,based on the fictitious operations that is introduced to represent the water losing and/or generating operations and a modified concentration interval analysis(MCIA) technique.This strategy is a simple,nongraphical,and noniterative procedure and is suitable for the quick yields of targets and the identification of pinch point location.Moreover,on the basis of the target method,a heuristic-based approach is also presented to generate water utilization networks,which could be demonstrated to be optimum ones. The proposed approaches are illustrated with example problems.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51778282)the Science Research Foundations of Nanjing Institute of Technology(CKJA201505,JCYJ201618)
文摘To investigate the effect of soil-pile-structure interaction(SPSI effect)on the dynamic response of a baseisolated structure with buried footings on a pile foundation,certain shake table tests are previously conducted.Based on the test results and the existing related studies,an efficient simplified model and a corresponding calculation method are verified for estimating the dynamic characteristics of a base-isolated structure with buried footings on a pile foundation with the SSI effect.In this method,the solutions by Veletsos and co-workers for a non-isolated structure with the SSI effect are verified and advanced for a base-isolated structure,and the solutions by Maravas and co-workers for a non-isolated structure on a pile foundation are introduced to consider the effect of the piles.By comparison with the shake table test,this work proves that the simplified method can efficiently estimate the dynamic responses of a base-isolated structure with buried footings on a pile foundation.Using parameter analysis,this work also shows that the dynamic characteristics of a non-isolated structure are quite similar to those of the base-isolated structure when the soil foundation is sufficiently soft,which means that the isolation layer gradually loses its isolation function as the soil foundation softens.
文摘This study was carried out in Harat Rahat (south of Almadinah Almonwarah) using seismic reflection and resistivity methods. The main objectives of this study are to determine the extent of the basaltic layer and to define the subsurface faults and fractures that could affect and control the groundwater movement in the study area. A 2D seismic profile was acquired and the result shows that the subsurface in the study area has a major fault. We obtained a well match when the seismic result was compared with drilled wells. As a complementary tool, the resistivity method was applied in order to detect the groundwater level. The results of the resistivity method showed that six distinct layers have been identified. The interpretation of these six layers show that the first three layers, the fourth layer, the fifth layer and the bottom of the section indicated various subsurface structures and lithologies;various basaltic layers, fractured basalt, weathered basement and fresh basaltic layers, respectively. It is obvious that the eventual success of geophysical surveys depend on the combination with other subsurface data sources in order to produce accurate maps.
