An environmental input output model (EIOM) was introduced to the regional solid waste management sectors, which can reflect the direct and indirect relations between the environment and the regional economy developme...An environmental input output model (EIOM) was introduced to the regional solid waste management sectors, which can reflect the direct and indirect relations between the environment and the regional economy development. Some details about how to use the EIOM was discussed. The EIOM was applied to the Changsha City in China. The example results indicate that much useful information related to the environment and the regional economy development can be gained from the solution of the EIOM. Thus, the EIOM can be used as a useful tool for the sustainable development planning including the solid waste management sectors.展开更多
In the analysis of how environmental regulation affects the comparative advantage of trade,existing literature ignores industry's inherent heterogeneity, which draws remarkably different conclusions. In view of th...In the analysis of how environmental regulation affects the comparative advantage of trade,existing literature ignores industry's inherent heterogeneity, which draws remarkably different conclusions. In view of this, the paper analyzed the mechanism of environmental regulation on the export quality of different industries from the perspective of factor input structure heterogeneity. Based on the panel data of China's manufacturing industry, the paper used the system generalized method of moments method to examine the heterogeneity influence of environmental regulation on manufacturing export quality. The study found that, first, environmental regulation affected the export quality upgrade of the manufacturing sector through offset effect and compensation effect, and the direction of the impact would mainly depend on the industry's factor input structure. Second, for industries with larger fixed-asset investment(FAI) ratio in the factor input structure, the current environmental regulation policy was not conducive to the export quality upgrading of the industries. However, there was a significant U-shaped dynamic relationship between them. As environmental regulations became stricter, when regulatory stringency went beyond the inflection point, the policy would promote the upgrading of export quality. But for industries with smaller proportion of FAI, environmental regulation exerted a favorable impact on the export quality upgrade, following a J-shaped marginal growth curve.Third, for industries with different factor input structure, their export quality had been effectively upgraded as expected by factors like human capital investment, independent R&D, technology introduction, and foreign direct investment; but raising per capita capital stock and expanding enterprise size did not produce significant direct impact on export quality upgrade. These conclusions remained robust after using different measurement methods and replacing with other variables. Therefore, this paper suggests that governments should take industry heterogeneity into consideration and formulate differentiated hierarchical environmental policies.Besides, they should strengthen the enforcement of the current environmental regulation policies. By doing so, enterprises are forced to improve their technology and product quality so that they can better cope with rising compliance costs, eliminate backward industries, and resolve excess capacity. In this way, the economic structure would be transformed and upgraded from the supply side.展开更多
Both auto-power spectrum and cross-power spectrum need to be controlled in multi-input multi-output （MIMO） random vibration test. During the control process with the difference control algorithm （DCA）, a lower tri...Both auto-power spectrum and cross-power spectrum need to be controlled in multi-input multi-output （MIMO） random vibration test. During the control process with the difference control algorithm （DCA）, a lower triangular matrix is derived from Cholesky decomposition of a reference spectrum matrix. The diagonal elements of the lower triangular matrix （DELTM） may become negative. These negative values have no meaning in physical significance and can cause divergence of auto-power spectrum control. A proportional root mean square control algorithm （PRMSCA） provides another method to avoid the divergence caused by negative values of DELTM, but PRMSCA cannot control the cross-power spectrum. A new control algorithm named matrix power control algorithm （MPCA） is proposed in the paper. MPCA can guarantee that DELTM is always positive in the auto-power spectrum control. MPCA can also control the cross-power spectrum. After these three control algorithms are analyzed, three-input three-output random vibration control tests are implemented on a three-axis vibration shaker. The results show the validity of the proposed MPCA.展开更多
Noises always disturb the control effect of an environment test especially in multi-input multi-output(MIMO) systems. If the frequency response function matrices are ill-conditioned, the noises in the driving forces w...Noises always disturb the control effect of an environment test especially in multi-input multi-output(MIMO) systems. If the frequency response function matrices are ill-conditioned, the noises in the driving forces will be amplified and the response spectral lines may awfully exceed their tolerances. Most of the major biases between the response spectra and the reference spectra are produced by the amplified noises. However, ordinary control algorithms can hardly reduce the level of noises. The influences of the noises on both the auto- and cross-power spectra are analyzed in this paper. As a conventional frequency domain method on the inverse problem, the Tikhonov filter is adopted in the environment test to suppress the exceeding spectral lines. By altering regularization parameters gradually, the auto-power spectra can be improved in a closed control loop. Instead of using the traditional way of selecting regularization parameters, we observe the coherence change to estimate noise eliminations. Incidentally, the requirement of coherence control can be realized. The errors of the phase are then studied and a phase control algorithm is introduced at the end as a supplement of cross-power spectra control. The Tikhonov filter and the proposed phase control algorithm are tested numerically and experimentally. The results show that the noises in the vicinity of lightly damped resonant peaks are more stubborn. The response spectra are able to be greatly improved by the combination of these two methods.展开更多
ALS is a degenerative disease which affects the patients muscular activity in feet and hands, leading to a bed ridden status. The loss of independency affects their will to live, for this reason an environmental contr...ALS is a degenerative disease which affects the patients muscular activity in feet and hands, leading to a bed ridden status. The loss of independency affects their will to live, for this reason an environmental control system to handle the home appliances and make telephone calls is proposed. The system uses a tablet as a visual human interface so that the patient can select the desired appliance by selecting the corresponding item on the tablet screen. Based on the remaining patient’s abilities an input device that detects slight finger movement is proposed. In this paper three types of input devices are considered and their performance is evaluated by four ALS patients. Their comments about the usage of the devices are discussed in this work. Finally the environmental control was implemented on an ALS patient home and their impressions were satisfactory for the patients, relatives and care-givers.展开更多
为定量化设施果类蔬菜养分投入,实现设施果蔬优质高产、绿色高效生产,本研究以山东省典型设施果类蔬菜为研究对象,基于通过农户调研与土壤样品采集测定收集的数据,结合对现有文献的综述,使用生命周期评价方法,系统分析研究区域设施果类...为定量化设施果类蔬菜养分投入,实现设施果蔬优质高产、绿色高效生产,本研究以山东省典型设施果类蔬菜为研究对象,基于通过农户调研与土壤样品采集测定收集的数据,结合对现有文献的综述,使用生命周期评价方法,系统分析研究区域设施果类蔬菜生产的施肥现状、土壤养分状况和环境代价及其相关关系。结果表明:山东省主栽设施果类蔬菜养分投入量高,设施番茄、黄瓜、辣椒、茄子的氮(以N计)、磷(以P2O5计)、钾(以K2O计)投入量平均达到743、600、740 kg·hm^(-2),施肥变异系数较大(CV=30.3%~43.9%),大量的肥料投入造成了较高的养分盈余,进而导致表层土壤(0~30 cm)养分含量显著升高,同时导致了较高的环境代价。设施果类蔬菜的单位面积上活性氮损失、温室气体排放、富营养化效应和酸化效应均以黄瓜生产系统最高,分别达225 kg·hm^(-2)、10058 kg CO_(2e)·hm^(-2)、124 kg PO_(4e)·hm^(-2)和63.4 kg SO_(2e)·hm^(-2),其次是茄子、番茄和辣椒。氮素盈余是导致活性氮损失的最主要因素,氮、磷、钾肥料的生产过程和施用过程是设施果类蔬菜温室气体排放、富营养化效应和酸化效应的主要贡献因子,贡献率高达80%以上。因此,为保证设施果类蔬菜产业绿色优质高质量发展,应通过优化设施蔬菜养分资源综合管理策略来减少养分盈余、降低环境代价。展开更多
文摘An environmental input output model (EIOM) was introduced to the regional solid waste management sectors, which can reflect the direct and indirect relations between the environment and the regional economy development. Some details about how to use the EIOM was discussed. The EIOM was applied to the Changsha City in China. The example results indicate that much useful information related to the environment and the regional economy development can be gained from the solution of the EIOM. Thus, the EIOM can be used as a useful tool for the sustainable development planning including the solid waste management sectors.
文摘In the analysis of how environmental regulation affects the comparative advantage of trade,existing literature ignores industry's inherent heterogeneity, which draws remarkably different conclusions. In view of this, the paper analyzed the mechanism of environmental regulation on the export quality of different industries from the perspective of factor input structure heterogeneity. Based on the panel data of China's manufacturing industry, the paper used the system generalized method of moments method to examine the heterogeneity influence of environmental regulation on manufacturing export quality. The study found that, first, environmental regulation affected the export quality upgrade of the manufacturing sector through offset effect and compensation effect, and the direction of the impact would mainly depend on the industry's factor input structure. Second, for industries with larger fixed-asset investment(FAI) ratio in the factor input structure, the current environmental regulation policy was not conducive to the export quality upgrading of the industries. However, there was a significant U-shaped dynamic relationship between them. As environmental regulations became stricter, when regulatory stringency went beyond the inflection point, the policy would promote the upgrading of export quality. But for industries with smaller proportion of FAI, environmental regulation exerted a favorable impact on the export quality upgrade, following a J-shaped marginal growth curve.Third, for industries with different factor input structure, their export quality had been effectively upgraded as expected by factors like human capital investment, independent R&D, technology introduction, and foreign direct investment; but raising per capita capital stock and expanding enterprise size did not produce significant direct impact on export quality upgrade. These conclusions remained robust after using different measurement methods and replacing with other variables. Therefore, this paper suggests that governments should take industry heterogeneity into consideration and formulate differentiated hierarchical environmental policies.Besides, they should strengthen the enforcement of the current environmental regulation policies. By doing so, enterprises are forced to improve their technology and product quality so that they can better cope with rising compliance costs, eliminate backward industries, and resolve excess capacity. In this way, the economic structure would be transformed and upgraded from the supply side.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China （10972104） The Fundamental Research Funds for NUAA（NS2010007）
文摘Both auto-power spectrum and cross-power spectrum need to be controlled in multi-input multi-output （MIMO） random vibration test. During the control process with the difference control algorithm （DCA）, a lower triangular matrix is derived from Cholesky decomposition of a reference spectrum matrix. The diagonal elements of the lower triangular matrix （DELTM） may become negative. These negative values have no meaning in physical significance and can cause divergence of auto-power spectrum control. A proportional root mean square control algorithm （PRMSCA） provides another method to avoid the divergence caused by negative values of DELTM, but PRMSCA cannot control the cross-power spectrum. A new control algorithm named matrix power control algorithm （MPCA） is proposed in the paper. MPCA can guarantee that DELTM is always positive in the auto-power spectrum control. MPCA can also control the cross-power spectrum. After these three control algorithms are analyzed, three-input three-output random vibration control tests are implemented on a three-axis vibration shaker. The results show the validity of the proposed MPCA.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. NS2015008)the corresponding work was performed in the State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures
文摘Noises always disturb the control effect of an environment test especially in multi-input multi-output(MIMO) systems. If the frequency response function matrices are ill-conditioned, the noises in the driving forces will be amplified and the response spectral lines may awfully exceed their tolerances. Most of the major biases between the response spectra and the reference spectra are produced by the amplified noises. However, ordinary control algorithms can hardly reduce the level of noises. The influences of the noises on both the auto- and cross-power spectra are analyzed in this paper. As a conventional frequency domain method on the inverse problem, the Tikhonov filter is adopted in the environment test to suppress the exceeding spectral lines. By altering regularization parameters gradually, the auto-power spectra can be improved in a closed control loop. Instead of using the traditional way of selecting regularization parameters, we observe the coherence change to estimate noise eliminations. Incidentally, the requirement of coherence control can be realized. The errors of the phase are then studied and a phase control algorithm is introduced at the end as a supplement of cross-power spectra control. The Tikhonov filter and the proposed phase control algorithm are tested numerically and experimentally. The results show that the noises in the vicinity of lightly damped resonant peaks are more stubborn. The response spectra are able to be greatly improved by the combination of these two methods.
文摘ALS is a degenerative disease which affects the patients muscular activity in feet and hands, leading to a bed ridden status. The loss of independency affects their will to live, for this reason an environmental control system to handle the home appliances and make telephone calls is proposed. The system uses a tablet as a visual human interface so that the patient can select the desired appliance by selecting the corresponding item on the tablet screen. Based on the remaining patient’s abilities an input device that detects slight finger movement is proposed. In this paper three types of input devices are considered and their performance is evaluated by four ALS patients. Their comments about the usage of the devices are discussed in this work. Finally the environmental control was implemented on an ALS patient home and their impressions were satisfactory for the patients, relatives and care-givers.
文摘为定量化设施果类蔬菜养分投入,实现设施果蔬优质高产、绿色高效生产,本研究以山东省典型设施果类蔬菜为研究对象,基于通过农户调研与土壤样品采集测定收集的数据,结合对现有文献的综述,使用生命周期评价方法,系统分析研究区域设施果类蔬菜生产的施肥现状、土壤养分状况和环境代价及其相关关系。结果表明:山东省主栽设施果类蔬菜养分投入量高,设施番茄、黄瓜、辣椒、茄子的氮(以N计)、磷(以P2O5计)、钾(以K2O计)投入量平均达到743、600、740 kg·hm^(-2),施肥变异系数较大(CV=30.3%~43.9%),大量的肥料投入造成了较高的养分盈余,进而导致表层土壤(0~30 cm)养分含量显著升高,同时导致了较高的环境代价。设施果类蔬菜的单位面积上活性氮损失、温室气体排放、富营养化效应和酸化效应均以黄瓜生产系统最高,分别达225 kg·hm^(-2)、10058 kg CO_(2e)·hm^(-2)、124 kg PO_(4e)·hm^(-2)和63.4 kg SO_(2e)·hm^(-2),其次是茄子、番茄和辣椒。氮素盈余是导致活性氮损失的最主要因素,氮、磷、钾肥料的生产过程和施用过程是设施果类蔬菜温室气体排放、富营养化效应和酸化效应的主要贡献因子,贡献率高达80%以上。因此,为保证设施果类蔬菜产业绿色优质高质量发展,应通过优化设施蔬菜养分资源综合管理策略来减少养分盈余、降低环境代价。
