For Virtual Reality(VR) to be truly immersive, it needs convincing sound to match. Due to the diversity of individual's anthropometric measurements, the individualized customization technology is needed to get con...For Virtual Reality(VR) to be truly immersive, it needs convincing sound to match. Due to the diversity of individual's anthropometric measurements, the individualized customization technology is needed to get convincing sound. In this paper, we proposed a simple and effective method for modeling relationships between anthropometric measurements and Head-related Impulse Response(HRIR). Considering the relationship between anthropometric measurements and different HRIR parts is complicated, we divided the HRIRs into small segments and carried out regression analysis between anthropometric measurements and each segment to establish relationship model. The results of objective simulation and subjective test indicate that the model can generate individualize HRIRs from a series of anthropometric measurements. With the individualized HRIRs, we can get more accurate acoustic localization sense than using non-individualized HRIRs.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： This study describes the development of a preliminary version of an instrument that attempts to assess the quality of reports of individualized homeopathic prescriptions in clinical trials and observationa...OBJECTIVE： This study describes the development of a preliminary version of an instrument that attempts to assess the quality of reports of individualized homeopathic prescriptions in clinical trials and observational studies. METHODS： A multidisciplinary panel of 15 judges produced an initial version of the instrument through iterative Delphi rounds and pilot-tested the instrument on five clinical trials. Later they assessed, under blind conditions, the individualization quality of 40 randomly-selected research reports. The final version of the instrument included six criteria. These items were scored consistently by all the raters regardless of background. RESULTS： The instrument appeared to have adequate face and content validity, acceptable internal consistency or reliability （Cronbach＇s a 0.606 - 0.725）, significant discriminant validity （F = 398.7; P 〈 0.000 1）, moderate interrater reliability （Fleiss K 0.533）, agreeable test-retest reliability （Cohen＇s K 0.765 - 0.934）, moderate sensitivity （0.4; 95% confidence interval 0.253- 0.566）, and high specificity （1.0; 95% confidence interval 0.891-1.000）. CONCLUSION： The initial data suggest that this instrument may be a promising systematic tool amendable for further development.展开更多
Currently, little work has been devoted to the mediators and tools for multi-role production interactions in the mass individualization environment. This paper proposes a kind of hardware-software-integrated mediators...Currently, little work has been devoted to the mediators and tools for multi-role production interactions in the mass individualization environment. This paper proposes a kind of hardware-software-integrated mediators called social sensors （S2ensors） to facilitate the production interactions among customers, manufacturers, and other stakeholders in the social manufacturing systems （SMS）. The concept, classification, operational logics, and for- malization of S2ensors are clarified. S2ensors collect sub- jective data from physical sensors and objective data from sensory input in mobile Apps, merge them into meaningful information for decision-making, and finally feed the decisions back for reaction and execution. Then, an S2en- sors-Cloud platform is discussed to integrate different S2- ensors to work for SMSs in an autonomous way. A demonstrative case is studied by developing a prototype system and the results show that S2ensors and S2ensors- Cloud platform can assist multi-role stakeholders interact and collaborate for the production tasks. It reveals the mediator-enabled mechanisms and methods for production interactions among stakeholders in SMS.展开更多
Objective:Methotrexate(MTX)can be safely administered to most patients but may cause severe toxicity in others.This study aimed to summarize the characteristics of high-dose methotrexate(HD-MTX)chemotherapy and to eva...Objective:Methotrexate(MTX)can be safely administered to most patients but may cause severe toxicity in others.This study aimed to summarize the characteristics of high-dose methotrexate(HD-MTX)chemotherapy and to evaluate whether the modified dose-adjustment program was able to improve the maintenance of sufficient MTX exposure levels while minimizing toxicities.Methods:We evaluated 1172 cycles of high-dose MTX chemotherapy from 294 patients who were treated according to the CCCG-ALL-2015 protocol(clinical trial number:ChiCTR-IPR-14005706)and analyzed the data of actual MTX dosage,MTX concentration,toxicity,and prognosis.We compared data between the dose-adjustment Program 1(fixed 20%reduction in dose)and the dose-adjustment Program 2(dose-individualization based on reassessment of the creatine clearance rate and the MTX concentration-monitoring point at 16 h),which were applied if the MTX clearance was delayed in the previous cycle.Results:The patients who used Program 2 had higher actual MTX infusion doses and infusion rates and were able to better maintain the MTX concentration at 44 h at the established target value than those on Program 1(P<0.001).No significant differences in toxicities were found between these two programs except that abnormal serum potassium levels and prolonged myelosuppression in intermediate-risk/high-risk patients were more frequently observed in patients using Program 2(P<0.001).No significant correlations were observed between the MTX dose,dose-adjustment programs,or MTX concentrations and relapse-free survival.Conclusion:Adjusting the MTX dose using Program 2 is more efficient for maintaining sufficient MTX exposure without significantly increasing the toxicity.展开更多
The recently issued "College English Curriculum Requirements"is a win-win game of a democratic process undergoing many rounds of discussions between government administrators and College English teachers in ...The recently issued "College English Curriculum Requirements"is a win-win game of a democratic process undergoing many rounds of discussions between government administrators and College English teachers in China. The theme of the paper is to discuss that the new "Requirements" reflects the findings and insights gained from those fields such as philosophy, linguistics, literary criticism, psychology, and pedagogy, which can be described in terms of individualization, collaboration, modularization, and hypertextualization. It is held that the "Requirements" is a milestone of China's College English teaching reform, and is sure to further push forward foreign language teaching reform in general.展开更多
Successful completion of spermatogenesis is crucial for the perpetuation of the species.In Drosophila,spermatid individualization,a process involving changes in mitochondrial structure and function is critical to prod...Successful completion of spermatogenesis is crucial for the perpetuation of the species.In Drosophila,spermatid individualization,a process involving changes in mitochondrial structure and function is critical to produce functional mature sperm.Ant2,encoding a mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase,is highly expressed in male testes and plays a role in energy metabolism in the mitochondria.However,its molecular function remains unclear.Here,we identified an important role of Ant2 in spermatid individualization.In Ant2 knockdown testes,spermatid individualization complexes composed of F-actin cones exhibited a diffuse distribution,and mature sperms were absent in the seminal vesicle,thus leading to male sterility.The most striking effects in Ant2-knockdown spermatids were decrease in tubulin polyglycylation and disruption of proper mitochondria derivatives function.Excessive apoptotic cells were also observed in Ant2-knockdown testes.To further investigate the phenotype of Ant2 knockdown in testes at the molecular level,complementary transcriptome and proteome analyses were performed.At the mRNA level,868 differentially expressed genes were identified,of which 229 genes were upregulated and 639 were downregulated induced via Ant2 knockdown.iTRAQ-labeling proteome analysis revealed 350 differentially expressed proteins,of which 117 proteins were upregulated and 233 were downregulated.The expression of glutathione transferase(GstD5,GstE5,GstE8,and GstD3),proteins involved in reproduction were significantly regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels.These results indicate that Ant2 is crucial for spermatid maturation by affecting mitochondrial morphogenesis.展开更多
This article follows the trail of Weber’s comprehensive sociology and uses the hermeneutical method as well as the iconological applied to 11 contemporary works of plastic art which can be described as significant an...This article follows the trail of Weber’s comprehensive sociology and uses the hermeneutical method as well as the iconological applied to 11 contemporary works of plastic art which can be described as significant and representative of contemporary art.It pursues two specific objectives:(a)analyzing the construction of loneliness both in contemporary plastic art and within the society of individuality and separateness,through human bodies and emotions;and(b)attesting how this theme has evolved in artistic practices from simple to reflexive modernity.Artists have indeed placed solitary men and women in the geographical and symbolic center of their compositions,additionally providing a contrast with a spatial and temporal environment which marginalizes them.We conclude that,for contemporary art,subjects are neither fully fledged individuals nor citizens in their own right and that they do not voluntarily live in an individualized society,but rather in one defined by separateness.展开更多
BACKGROUND Perioperative anesthesia management of obese patients presents significant challenges as traditional total body weight-based dosing fails to achieve optimal anesthetic effects due to altered pharmacokinetic...BACKGROUND Perioperative anesthesia management of obese patients presents significant challenges as traditional total body weight-based dosing fails to achieve optimal anesthetic effects due to altered pharmacokinetic characteristics including abnormal drug distribution and clearance.Rocuronium exhibits markedly different distribution patterns in obese patients,with conventional weight correction methods inadequately addressing individual muscle mass variations that critically influence drug distribution.AIM To investigate the quantitative relationship between skeletal muscle index(SMI)and rocuronium distribution volume in obese colorectal cancer patients,establish a population pharmacokinetic model,and develop individualized dosing strategies based on muscle mass.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted,including 100 obese patients(body mass index≥30 kg/m^(2))who underwent elective radical colorectal cancer surgery at our hospital from June 2023 to January 2025.Skeletal muscle mass was measured using InBody 260 body composition analyzer and SMI was calculated to assess muscle mass,with male SMI<7.0 kg/m^(2) and female SMI<5.7 kg/m^(2)as diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia.Plasma rocuronium concentrations were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry,and nonlinear mixed-effect modeling was used to establish population pharmacokinetic modeling.Stepwise regression was used to screen covariates,and dosing regimens were optimized through Monte Carlo simulation.The primary endpoint was targeted plasma concentration achievement rate,and the secondary endpoint was postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence.RESULTS Among 100 patients,35(35.0%)had sarcopenia and 65(65.0%)did not.Patients in the sarcopenia group were older(64.1±9.8 years vs 54.2±10.9 years,P<0.001)and had significantly lower SMI(6.2±0.8 kg/m^(2)vs 8.4±1.2 kg/m^(2),P<0.001).SMI showed strong positive correlation with rocuronium steady-state distribution volume(r=0.718,P<0.001)and moderate negative correlation with clearance(r=-0.502,P<0.001).A two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model was successfully established,with SMI being the most important covariate affecting central compartment distribution volume(△OFV=-41.2,P<0.001).Model validation showed bootstrap successful convergence rate of 92.3%,and 92.1%of observed values fell within prediction intervals in predicted concentration versus predicted concentration.The SMI-based individualized dosing regimen improved target exposure achievement rate from 82.0%in traditional regimen to 93.5%(P=0.009),and reduced postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence from 13.0%to 3.5%(P=0.018).The sarcopenia group showed the most significant improvement in achievement rate,from 71.4%to 93.8%(P=0.017).CONCLUSION SMI shows strong correlation with rocuronium distribution volume in obese colorectal cancer patients and is a key factor affecting drug distribution.SMI-based individualized dosing strategies can significantly improve target exposure achievement rate and reduce postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence,providing scientific evidence for precision anesthesia management in obese patients.展开更多
Gastrointestinal tumors require personalized treatment strategies due to their heterogeneity and complexity.Multimodal artificial intelligence(AI)addresses this challenge by integrating diverse data sources-including ...Gastrointestinal tumors require personalized treatment strategies due to their heterogeneity and complexity.Multimodal artificial intelligence(AI)addresses this challenge by integrating diverse data sources-including computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),endoscopic imaging,and genomic profiles-to enable intelligent decision-making for individualized therapy.This approach leverages AI algorithms to fuse imaging,endoscopic,and omics data,facilitating comprehensive characterization of tumor biology,prediction of treatment response,and optimization of therapeutic strategies.By combining CT and MRI for structural assessment,endoscopic data for real-time visual inspection,and genomic information for molecular profiling,multimodal AI enhances the accuracy of patient stratification and treatment personalization.The clinical implementation of this technology demonstrates potential for improving patient outcomes,advancing precision oncology,and supporting individualized care in gastrointestinal cancers.Ultimately,multimodal AI serves as a transformative tool in oncology,bridging data integration with clinical application to effectively tailor therapies.展开更多
The inability to access brain tissue has greatly hindered our ability to study and care for individuals suffering from psychiatric and neurological conditions.Critics have questioned efforts to develop peripheral bloo...The inability to access brain tissue has greatly hindered our ability to study and care for individuals suffering from psychiatric and neurological conditions.Critics have questioned efforts to develop peripheral blood biomarkers in neurological and psychiatric disorders based on the assertion that disease pathology is limited to the brain.The discovery that all tissues,including the brain,release extracellular vesicles(Raposo and Stoorvogel,2013)and cell free DNAs(Chan et al.,2013)into various body fluids has provided a potential way to measure activity from inaccessible tissues like the central nervous system(CNS)and has given rise to the term“liquid biopsy.”The development of liquid biopsies that can diagnose and predict the course of psychiatric and neurological disorders would be transformative.The ability to predict episodic events such as mania,depression,and risk for suicide would be particularly useful for psychiatric care as it would enable the development of interventions that prevent mortality and improve outcomes.Additionally,biomarkers that are informative about drug response and aid in treatment decisions would be a significant advance in psychiatric care as it would prevent patients from having to endure multiple courses of ineffective treatments and side effects.展开更多
Detecting sitting posture abnormalities in wheelchair users enables early identification of changes in their functional status.To date,this detection has relied on in-person observation by medical specialists.However,...Detecting sitting posture abnormalities in wheelchair users enables early identification of changes in their functional status.To date,this detection has relied on in-person observation by medical specialists.However,given the challenges faced by health specialists to carry out continuous monitoring,the development of an intelligent anomaly detection system is proposed.Unlike other authors,where they use supervised techniques,this work proposes using unsupervised techniques due to the advantages they offer.These advantages include the lack of prior labeling of data,and the detection of anomalies previously not contemplated,among others.In the present work,an individualized methodology consisting of two phases is developed:characterizing the normal sitting pattern and determining abnormal samples.An analysis has been carried out between different unsupervised techniques to study which ones are more suitable for postural diagnosis.It can be concluded,among other aspects,that the utilization of dimensionality reduction techniques leads to improved results.Moreover,the normality characterization phase is deemed necessary for enhancing the system’s learning capabilities.Additionally,employing an individualized approach to the model aids in capturing the particularities of the various pathologies present among subjects.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma ranks among the most prevalent malignant neoplasms.Surgical intervention constitutes a critical therapeutic approach for this condition.Nonetheless,postoperative recovery is frequen...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma ranks among the most prevalent malignant neoplasms.Surgical intervention constitutes a critical therapeutic approach for this condition.Nonetheless,postoperative recovery is frequently influenced by the patient's nutritional status and the quality of nursing care provided.AIM To examine the comprehensive impact of personalized nutritional support and nursing strategies on the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with liver cancer.METHODS In this study,a retrospective comparative analysis was conducted involving 60 post-operative liver cancer patients.The subjects were selected as subjects and divided into two groups based on differing nursing interventions,with each group comprising 30 patients.The control group received standard nutritional support and care,whereas the experimental group received individualized nutritional support and nursing strategies.The study aimed to evaluate the impact of individualized nutrition by comparing the rehabilitation indices,nutritional status,quality of life(QoL),and complication rates between the two groups.RESULTS The results showed that the recovery index of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group 2 weeks after surgery,and the average liver function recovery index of the experimental group was 85.significantly higher than that of the control group(73.67±7.19).In terms of nutritional status,the serum albumin level and body weight stabilization rate of the experimental group were also significantly higher than those of the control group,which were 42.33±2.4 g/L and 93.3%,respectively,compared with 36.01±3.85 g/L and 76.7%of the control group.In addition,the average QoL score of the experimental group was 84.66±3.7 points,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(70.92±4.28 points).At the psychological level,the average anxiety score of the experimental group was 1.17±0.29,and the average depression score was 1.47±0.4,which were significantly lower than the 2.26±0.42 and 2.57±0.45 of the control group.This showed that patients in the experimental group were better relieved of anxiety and depression under the individualized nutrition support and nursing strategy.More importantly,the complication rate in the experimental group was only 10%,much lower than the 33.3%in the control group.CONCLUSION Personalized nutritional support and tailored nursing strategies significantly enhance the postoperative rehabilitation of liver cancer patients.Consequently,it is recommended to implement and advocate for these individualized approaches to improve both the recovery outcomes and QoL for these patients.展开更多
We identify an S-shaped main-jet axis in the Vela core-collapse supernova remnant(CCSNR)that we attribute to a pair of precessing jets,one of the tens of pairs of jets that exploded the progenitor of Vela according to...We identify an S-shaped main-jet axis in the Vela core-collapse supernova remnant(CCSNR)that we attribute to a pair of precessing jets,one of the tens of pairs of jets that exploded the progenitor of Vela according to the jittering jets explosion mechanism(JJEM).A main-jet axis is a symmetry axis across the CCSNR and through the center.We identify the S-shaped main-jet axis by the high abundance of ejecta elements,oxygen,neon,and magnesium.We bring the number of identified pairs of clumps and ears in Vela to seven,two pairs shaped by the pair of precessing jets that formed the main-jet axis.The pairs and the main-jet axis form the point-symmetric wind-rose structure of Vela.The other five pairs of clumps/ears do not have signatures near the center,only on two opposite sides of the CCSNR.We discuss different possible jet-less shaping mechanisms to form such a point-symmetric morphology and dismiss these processes because they cannot explain the point-symmetric morphology of Vela,the S-shaped high ejecta abundance pattern,and the enormous energy required to shape the S-shaped structure.Our findings strongly support the JJEM and further severely challenge the neutrino-driven explosion mechanism.展开更多
Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P...Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P fractions is potentially an adaptive strategy for plants to cope with soil N(P)availability and nutrient-limiting conditions.However,the impact of the interactions between imbalanced anthropogenic N and P inputs on the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions in forest woody plants remains elusive.We conducted a metaanalysis of data about the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions,specifically associated with individual and combined additions of N and P in evergreen forests,the dominant vegetation type in southern China where the primary productivity is usually considered limited by P.This assessment allowed us to quantitatively evaluate the effects of N and P additions alone and interactively on leaf P allocation and use strategies.Nitrogen addition(exacerbating P limitation)reduced the concentrations of leaf total P and different leaf P fractions.Nitrogen addition reduced the allocation to leaf metabolic P but increased the allocation to other fractions,while P addition showed opposite trends.The simultaneous additions of N and P showed an antagonistic(mutual suppression)effect on the concentrations of leaf P fractions,but an additive(summary)effect on the allocation proportions of leaf P fractions.These results highlight the importance of strategies of leaf P fraction allocation in forest plants under changes in environmental nutrient availability.Importantly,our study identified critical interactions associated with combined N and P inputs that affect leaf P fractions,thus aiding in predicting plant acclimation strategies in the context of intensifying and imbalanced anthropogenic nutrient inputs.展开更多
China’s healthcare system faces increasing challenges,including surging medical costs,resource allocation imbalances favoring large hospitals,and ineffective referral mechanisms.The lack of a unified strategy integra...China’s healthcare system faces increasing challenges,including surging medical costs,resource allocation imbalances favoring large hospitals,and ineffective referral mechanisms.The lack of a unified strategy integrating standardized coverage with personalized payment compounds these issues.To this end,this study proposes a risk-sharing reform strategy that combines equal coverage for the same disease(ECSD)with an individualized out-of-pocket(I-OOP)model.Specifically,the study employs a Markov model to capture patient transitions across health states and care levels.The findings show that ECSD and I-OOP enhance equity by standardizing disease coverage while tailoring costs to patient income and facility type.This approach alleviates demand on high-tier hospitals,promoting primary care utilization and enabling balanced resource distribution.The study’s findings provide a reference for policymakers and healthcare administrators by presenting a scalable framework that is aligned with China’s development goals with the aim of fostering an efficient,sustainable healthcare system that is adaptable to regional needs.展开更多
This paper purports to expound a special(technical)notion of paths.A neglected fundamental fact(especially under indeterminism)is that the path-dependent direction of any diachronic outcome is backward,i.e.,later step...This paper purports to expound a special(technical)notion of paths.A neglected fundamental fact(especially under indeterminism)is that the path-dependent direction of any diachronic outcome is backward,i.e.,later steps depend on earlier ones successively,despite the ineradicable chance in their respective formation.In this paper,a token-oriented retrospective approach is proposed to overcome the limitation of the type-oriented approach in explaining path-related phenomena.My argument for the validity and utility of this approach is largely based on the elements of(PD),a definitional schema for diachronic sequences subject to a recursive counterfactual formula.I explore certain aspects of path individuation that have so far not been discussed,despite(PD)’s formal congeniality with Lewis’s‘causal chain’.Two basic patterns of path generation are examined:the first is for distinguishing actual vs possible branching paths,while the second introduces a metaphysical theme regarding the retrospective grounding of the causal status of an upstream event by its downstream(joint)effect.A central example of the paper,viz.,the Gobang game,is used to illustrate how the token-oriented approach works for path individuation.展开更多
This paper is an attempt to explore the root of the modern paradox across multiple registers in order to uncover a persuasive pattern of contradiction that runs through the very fabric of contemporary existence.We dis...This paper is an attempt to explore the root of the modern paradox across multiple registers in order to uncover a persuasive pattern of contradiction that runs through the very fabric of contemporary existence.We discover that the very logic meant to emancipate the human subject-scientific mastery,bureaucratic order,economic growth,and many others,often recoil upon the subject,generating conditions of fragmentation,depersonalization,and spiritual aridity.Far from rejecting modernity wholesale,our task is a diagnostic one-to enter into the deep fabric of modernity and to decode its operating metaphors and interrogate what holds up the“scaffolding of collective life”.This is in a bid to find the rootedness of genuine human flourishing.Part of the answer,from our analysis,lies in a critical re-thinking within modernity without being subsumed by it.展开更多
This paper explores the concept of crisis from a critical and interdisciplinary perspective,arguing that many contemporary crises-such as the coronavirus crisis and the climate crisis-are socially constructed and misu...This paper explores the concept of crisis from a critical and interdisciplinary perspective,arguing that many contemporary crises-such as the coronavirus crisis and the climate crisis-are socially constructed and misunderstood.Drawing from Thomas Kuhn’s paradigm shift theory,Nassim Nicholas Taleb’s Black Swan concept,and complexity science,it contends that crises are a normal part of systemic evolution rather than extraordinary disruptions.The paper critiques the shift in agency from individuals to macro-level institutions,which has led to crises being perceived as indefinite rather than finite.The work also examines how crises are often framed through memetics rather than physical reality.By analyzing historical and contemporary crises,the paper illustrates how crisis narratives shape societal behavior and policy.The role of antifragility,memetic warfare,and evolutionary stable strategies(ESS)is discussed,demonstrating how resilience emerges through localized,rather than globalized,responses.The study concludes by advocating for a shift away from progressivist macro-level interventions and toward individual agency as the fundamental unit of societal adaptation.This perspective reframes crises as necessary transitions within evolutionary progress,arguing that societal sustainability depends on decentralization and adaptation rather than centralized control and panic-driven reactions.展开更多
In every society,there are individuals who stand out with great achievements.These people are often seen as leaders and innovators,paving the way for others to follow.They are pioneers in their fields,who use their in...In every society,there are individuals who stand out with great achievements.These people are often seen as leaders and innovators,paving the way for others to follow.They are pioneers in their fields,who use their influential and inspiring personalities to motivate those around them.Their ability to drive change is due to not only their skills but also their characters.展开更多
The perihelion of long-period comets places them near the Sun so they may exhibit activity.Before 2013 LU28 reached its perihelion,we performed a continuous observation to detect possible activity.Using the Lijiang 2....The perihelion of long-period comets places them near the Sun so they may exhibit activity.Before 2013 LU28 reached its perihelion,we performed a continuous observation to detect possible activity.Using the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope with a Johnson R filter,we measured the brightness of 2013 LU28 from 2024 January 3 to April 13.The instrumental magnitudes were subsequently transformed into the Pan-STARRS r system.Due to the noticeable descending trend in the absolute magnitude,we verified the cometary activity and constrained some photometric properties of 2013 LU28.Consequently,the increased cross-sectional area had a rate of 42.8 km^(2)day^(−1),and the corresponding mass-loss rate was 2.64 kg s^(−1)with the assumption of a dust-particle size a=10 mm and the densityρ=400 kg m^(−3).We estimated the nucleus radius as 0.11■r_(n)■0.21 km for CO sublimation and 0.20■r_(n)■0.71 km for CO_(2)sublimation and the grain size of 2013 LU28 was ac;117.95μm for CO and ac■7.57μm for CO_(2).The long-term observations provided in this paper will offer significant value for investigating the mechanisms driving the activity of 2013 LU28.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFB1002803)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.61671335,No.U1736206,No.61662010)the Hubei Province Technological Innovation Major Project(No.2016AAA015)
文摘For Virtual Reality(VR) to be truly immersive, it needs convincing sound to match. Due to the diversity of individual's anthropometric measurements, the individualized customization technology is needed to get convincing sound. In this paper, we proposed a simple and effective method for modeling relationships between anthropometric measurements and Head-related Impulse Response(HRIR). Considering the relationship between anthropometric measurements and different HRIR parts is complicated, we divided the HRIRs into small segments and carried out regression analysis between anthropometric measurements and each segment to establish relationship model. The results of objective simulation and subjective test indicate that the model can generate individualize HRIRs from a series of anthropometric measurements. With the individualized HRIRs, we can get more accurate acoustic localization sense than using non-individualized HRIRs.
文摘OBJECTIVE： This study describes the development of a preliminary version of an instrument that attempts to assess the quality of reports of individualized homeopathic prescriptions in clinical trials and observational studies. METHODS： A multidisciplinary panel of 15 judges produced an initial version of the instrument through iterative Delphi rounds and pilot-tested the instrument on five clinical trials. Later they assessed, under blind conditions, the individualization quality of 40 randomly-selected research reports. The final version of the instrument included six criteria. These items were scored consistently by all the raters regardless of background. RESULTS： The instrument appeared to have adequate face and content validity, acceptable internal consistency or reliability （Cronbach＇s a 0.606 - 0.725）, significant discriminant validity （F = 398.7; P 〈 0.000 1）, moderate interrater reliability （Fleiss K 0.533）, agreeable test-retest reliability （Cohen＇s K 0.765 - 0.934）, moderate sensitivity （0.4; 95% confidence interval 0.253- 0.566）, and high specificity （1.0; 95% confidence interval 0.891-1.000）. CONCLUSION： The initial data suggest that this instrument may be a promising systematic tool amendable for further development.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71571142,51275396)
文摘Currently, little work has been devoted to the mediators and tools for multi-role production interactions in the mass individualization environment. This paper proposes a kind of hardware-software-integrated mediators called social sensors （S2ensors） to facilitate the production interactions among customers, manufacturers, and other stakeholders in the social manufacturing systems （SMS）. The concept, classification, operational logics, and for- malization of S2ensors are clarified. S2ensors collect sub- jective data from physical sensors and objective data from sensory input in mobile Apps, merge them into meaningful information for decision-making, and finally feed the decisions back for reaction and execution. Then, an S2en- sors-Cloud platform is discussed to integrate different S2- ensors to work for SMSs in an autonomous way. A demonstrative case is studied by developing a prototype system and the results show that S2ensors and S2ensors- Cloud platform can assist multi-role stakeholders interact and collaborate for the production tasks. It reveals the mediator-enabled mechanisms and methods for production interactions among stakeholders in SMS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81700147 and No.82070172).
文摘Objective:Methotrexate(MTX)can be safely administered to most patients but may cause severe toxicity in others.This study aimed to summarize the characteristics of high-dose methotrexate(HD-MTX)chemotherapy and to evaluate whether the modified dose-adjustment program was able to improve the maintenance of sufficient MTX exposure levels while minimizing toxicities.Methods:We evaluated 1172 cycles of high-dose MTX chemotherapy from 294 patients who were treated according to the CCCG-ALL-2015 protocol(clinical trial number:ChiCTR-IPR-14005706)and analyzed the data of actual MTX dosage,MTX concentration,toxicity,and prognosis.We compared data between the dose-adjustment Program 1(fixed 20%reduction in dose)and the dose-adjustment Program 2(dose-individualization based on reassessment of the creatine clearance rate and the MTX concentration-monitoring point at 16 h),which were applied if the MTX clearance was delayed in the previous cycle.Results:The patients who used Program 2 had higher actual MTX infusion doses and infusion rates and were able to better maintain the MTX concentration at 44 h at the established target value than those on Program 1(P<0.001).No significant differences in toxicities were found between these two programs except that abnormal serum potassium levels and prolonged myelosuppression in intermediate-risk/high-risk patients were more frequently observed in patients using Program 2(P<0.001).No significant correlations were observed between the MTX dose,dose-adjustment programs,or MTX concentrations and relapse-free survival.Conclusion:Adjusting the MTX dose using Program 2 is more efficient for maintaining sufficient MTX exposure without significantly increasing the toxicity.
文摘The recently issued "College English Curriculum Requirements"is a win-win game of a democratic process undergoing many rounds of discussions between government administrators and College English teachers in China. The theme of the paper is to discuss that the new "Requirements" reflects the findings and insights gained from those fields such as philosophy, linguistics, literary criticism, psychology, and pedagogy, which can be described in terms of individualization, collaboration, modularization, and hypertextualization. It is held that the "Requirements" is a milestone of China's College English teaching reform, and is sure to further push forward foreign language teaching reform in general.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-18-SYZ10)Hubei Province Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center Project(2021-620-000-001-009)Hubei Province Key Research and Development Project(2022BBA0079).
文摘Successful completion of spermatogenesis is crucial for the perpetuation of the species.In Drosophila,spermatid individualization,a process involving changes in mitochondrial structure and function is critical to produce functional mature sperm.Ant2,encoding a mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase,is highly expressed in male testes and plays a role in energy metabolism in the mitochondria.However,its molecular function remains unclear.Here,we identified an important role of Ant2 in spermatid individualization.In Ant2 knockdown testes,spermatid individualization complexes composed of F-actin cones exhibited a diffuse distribution,and mature sperms were absent in the seminal vesicle,thus leading to male sterility.The most striking effects in Ant2-knockdown spermatids were decrease in tubulin polyglycylation and disruption of proper mitochondria derivatives function.Excessive apoptotic cells were also observed in Ant2-knockdown testes.To further investigate the phenotype of Ant2 knockdown in testes at the molecular level,complementary transcriptome and proteome analyses were performed.At the mRNA level,868 differentially expressed genes were identified,of which 229 genes were upregulated and 639 were downregulated induced via Ant2 knockdown.iTRAQ-labeling proteome analysis revealed 350 differentially expressed proteins,of which 117 proteins were upregulated and 233 were downregulated.The expression of glutathione transferase(GstD5,GstE5,GstE8,and GstD3),proteins involved in reproduction were significantly regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels.These results indicate that Ant2 is crucial for spermatid maturation by affecting mitochondrial morphogenesis.
文摘This article follows the trail of Weber’s comprehensive sociology and uses the hermeneutical method as well as the iconological applied to 11 contemporary works of plastic art which can be described as significant and representative of contemporary art.It pursues two specific objectives:(a)analyzing the construction of loneliness both in contemporary plastic art and within the society of individuality and separateness,through human bodies and emotions;and(b)attesting how this theme has evolved in artistic practices from simple to reflexive modernity.Artists have indeed placed solitary men and women in the geographical and symbolic center of their compositions,additionally providing a contrast with a spatial and temporal environment which marginalizes them.We conclude that,for contemporary art,subjects are neither fully fledged individuals nor citizens in their own right and that they do not voluntarily live in an individualized society,but rather in one defined by separateness.
文摘BACKGROUND Perioperative anesthesia management of obese patients presents significant challenges as traditional total body weight-based dosing fails to achieve optimal anesthetic effects due to altered pharmacokinetic characteristics including abnormal drug distribution and clearance.Rocuronium exhibits markedly different distribution patterns in obese patients,with conventional weight correction methods inadequately addressing individual muscle mass variations that critically influence drug distribution.AIM To investigate the quantitative relationship between skeletal muscle index(SMI)and rocuronium distribution volume in obese colorectal cancer patients,establish a population pharmacokinetic model,and develop individualized dosing strategies based on muscle mass.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted,including 100 obese patients(body mass index≥30 kg/m^(2))who underwent elective radical colorectal cancer surgery at our hospital from June 2023 to January 2025.Skeletal muscle mass was measured using InBody 260 body composition analyzer and SMI was calculated to assess muscle mass,with male SMI<7.0 kg/m^(2) and female SMI<5.7 kg/m^(2)as diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia.Plasma rocuronium concentrations were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry,and nonlinear mixed-effect modeling was used to establish population pharmacokinetic modeling.Stepwise regression was used to screen covariates,and dosing regimens were optimized through Monte Carlo simulation.The primary endpoint was targeted plasma concentration achievement rate,and the secondary endpoint was postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence.RESULTS Among 100 patients,35(35.0%)had sarcopenia and 65(65.0%)did not.Patients in the sarcopenia group were older(64.1±9.8 years vs 54.2±10.9 years,P<0.001)and had significantly lower SMI(6.2±0.8 kg/m^(2)vs 8.4±1.2 kg/m^(2),P<0.001).SMI showed strong positive correlation with rocuronium steady-state distribution volume(r=0.718,P<0.001)and moderate negative correlation with clearance(r=-0.502,P<0.001).A two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model was successfully established,with SMI being the most important covariate affecting central compartment distribution volume(△OFV=-41.2,P<0.001).Model validation showed bootstrap successful convergence rate of 92.3%,and 92.1%of observed values fell within prediction intervals in predicted concentration versus predicted concentration.The SMI-based individualized dosing regimen improved target exposure achievement rate from 82.0%in traditional regimen to 93.5%(P=0.009),and reduced postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence from 13.0%to 3.5%(P=0.018).The sarcopenia group showed the most significant improvement in achievement rate,from 71.4%to 93.8%(P=0.017).CONCLUSION SMI shows strong correlation with rocuronium distribution volume in obese colorectal cancer patients and is a key factor affecting drug distribution.SMI-based individualized dosing strategies can significantly improve target exposure achievement rate and reduce postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence,providing scientific evidence for precision anesthesia management in obese patients.
基金Supported by Xuhui District Health Commission,No.SHXH202214.
文摘Gastrointestinal tumors require personalized treatment strategies due to their heterogeneity and complexity.Multimodal artificial intelligence(AI)addresses this challenge by integrating diverse data sources-including computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),endoscopic imaging,and genomic profiles-to enable intelligent decision-making for individualized therapy.This approach leverages AI algorithms to fuse imaging,endoscopic,and omics data,facilitating comprehensive characterization of tumor biology,prediction of treatment response,and optimization of therapeutic strategies.By combining CT and MRI for structural assessment,endoscopic data for real-time visual inspection,and genomic information for molecular profiling,multimodal AI enhances the accuracy of patient stratification and treatment personalization.The clinical implementation of this technology demonstrates potential for improving patient outcomes,advancing precision oncology,and supporting individualized care in gastrointestinal cancers.Ultimately,multimodal AI serves as a transformative tool in oncology,bridging data integration with clinical application to effectively tailor therapies.
基金supported by Department of Defense grant HT9425-24-1-0030 a grant from the Stanley Medical Research Institute(to SS).
文摘The inability to access brain tissue has greatly hindered our ability to study and care for individuals suffering from psychiatric and neurological conditions.Critics have questioned efforts to develop peripheral blood biomarkers in neurological and psychiatric disorders based on the assertion that disease pathology is limited to the brain.The discovery that all tissues,including the brain,release extracellular vesicles(Raposo and Stoorvogel,2013)and cell free DNAs(Chan et al.,2013)into various body fluids has provided a potential way to measure activity from inaccessible tissues like the central nervous system(CNS)and has given rise to the term“liquid biopsy.”The development of liquid biopsies that can diagnose and predict the course of psychiatric and neurological disorders would be transformative.The ability to predict episodic events such as mania,depression,and risk for suicide would be particularly useful for psychiatric care as it would enable the development of interventions that prevent mortality and improve outcomes.Additionally,biomarkers that are informative about drug response and aid in treatment decisions would be a significant advance in psychiatric care as it would prevent patients from having to endure multiple courses of ineffective treatments and side effects.
基金FEDER/Ministry of Science and Innovation-State Research Agency/Project PID2020-112667RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033the Basque Government,IT1726-22+2 种基金by the predoctoral contracts PRE_2022_2_0022 and EP_2023_1_0015 of the Basque Governmentpartially supported by the Italian MIUR,PRIN 2020 Project“COMMON-WEARS”,N.2020HCWWLP,CUP:H23C22000230005co-funding from Next Generation EU,in the context of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan,through the Italian MUR,PRIN 2022 Project”COCOWEARS”(A framework for COntinuum COmputing WEARable Systems),N.2022T2XNJE,CUP:H53D23003640006.
文摘Detecting sitting posture abnormalities in wheelchair users enables early identification of changes in their functional status.To date,this detection has relied on in-person observation by medical specialists.However,given the challenges faced by health specialists to carry out continuous monitoring,the development of an intelligent anomaly detection system is proposed.Unlike other authors,where they use supervised techniques,this work proposes using unsupervised techniques due to the advantages they offer.These advantages include the lack of prior labeling of data,and the detection of anomalies previously not contemplated,among others.In the present work,an individualized methodology consisting of two phases is developed:characterizing the normal sitting pattern and determining abnormal samples.An analysis has been carried out between different unsupervised techniques to study which ones are more suitable for postural diagnosis.It can be concluded,among other aspects,that the utilization of dimensionality reduction techniques leads to improved results.Moreover,the normality characterization phase is deemed necessary for enhancing the system’s learning capabilities.Additionally,employing an individualized approach to the model aids in capturing the particularities of the various pathologies present among subjects.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma ranks among the most prevalent malignant neoplasms.Surgical intervention constitutes a critical therapeutic approach for this condition.Nonetheless,postoperative recovery is frequently influenced by the patient's nutritional status and the quality of nursing care provided.AIM To examine the comprehensive impact of personalized nutritional support and nursing strategies on the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with liver cancer.METHODS In this study,a retrospective comparative analysis was conducted involving 60 post-operative liver cancer patients.The subjects were selected as subjects and divided into two groups based on differing nursing interventions,with each group comprising 30 patients.The control group received standard nutritional support and care,whereas the experimental group received individualized nutritional support and nursing strategies.The study aimed to evaluate the impact of individualized nutrition by comparing the rehabilitation indices,nutritional status,quality of life(QoL),and complication rates between the two groups.RESULTS The results showed that the recovery index of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group 2 weeks after surgery,and the average liver function recovery index of the experimental group was 85.significantly higher than that of the control group(73.67±7.19).In terms of nutritional status,the serum albumin level and body weight stabilization rate of the experimental group were also significantly higher than those of the control group,which were 42.33±2.4 g/L and 93.3%,respectively,compared with 36.01±3.85 g/L and 76.7%of the control group.In addition,the average QoL score of the experimental group was 84.66±3.7 points,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(70.92±4.28 points).At the psychological level,the average anxiety score of the experimental group was 1.17±0.29,and the average depression score was 1.47±0.4,which were significantly lower than the 2.26±0.42 and 2.57±0.45 of the control group.This showed that patients in the experimental group were better relieved of anxiety and depression under the individualized nutrition support and nursing strategy.More importantly,the complication rate in the experimental group was only 10%,much lower than the 33.3%in the control group.CONCLUSION Personalized nutritional support and tailored nursing strategies significantly enhance the postoperative rehabilitation of liver cancer patients.Consequently,it is recommended to implement and advocate for these individualized approaches to improve both the recovery outcomes and QoL for these patients.
基金A grant from the Pazy Foundation supported this research
文摘We identify an S-shaped main-jet axis in the Vela core-collapse supernova remnant(CCSNR)that we attribute to a pair of precessing jets,one of the tens of pairs of jets that exploded the progenitor of Vela according to the jittering jets explosion mechanism(JJEM).A main-jet axis is a symmetry axis across the CCSNR and through the center.We identify the S-shaped main-jet axis by the high abundance of ejecta elements,oxygen,neon,and magnesium.We bring the number of identified pairs of clumps and ears in Vela to seven,two pairs shaped by the pair of precessing jets that formed the main-jet axis.The pairs and the main-jet axis form the point-symmetric wind-rose structure of Vela.The other five pairs of clumps/ears do not have signatures near the center,only on two opposite sides of the CCSNR.We discuss different possible jet-less shaping mechanisms to form such a point-symmetric morphology and dismiss these processes because they cannot explain the point-symmetric morphology of Vela,the S-shaped high ejecta abundance pattern,and the enormous energy required to shape the S-shaped structure.Our findings strongly support the JJEM and further severely challenge the neutrino-driven explosion mechanism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41473068)supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M722667)。
文摘Fertilization or atmospheric deposition of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)to terrestrial ecosystems can alter soil N(P)availability and the nature of nutrient limitation for plant growth.Changing the allocation of leaf P fractions is potentially an adaptive strategy for plants to cope with soil N(P)availability and nutrient-limiting conditions.However,the impact of the interactions between imbalanced anthropogenic N and P inputs on the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions in forest woody plants remains elusive.We conducted a metaanalysis of data about the concentrations and allocation proportions of leaf P fractions,specifically associated with individual and combined additions of N and P in evergreen forests,the dominant vegetation type in southern China where the primary productivity is usually considered limited by P.This assessment allowed us to quantitatively evaluate the effects of N and P additions alone and interactively on leaf P allocation and use strategies.Nitrogen addition(exacerbating P limitation)reduced the concentrations of leaf total P and different leaf P fractions.Nitrogen addition reduced the allocation to leaf metabolic P but increased the allocation to other fractions,while P addition showed opposite trends.The simultaneous additions of N and P showed an antagonistic(mutual suppression)effect on the concentrations of leaf P fractions,but an additive(summary)effect on the allocation proportions of leaf P fractions.These results highlight the importance of strategies of leaf P fraction allocation in forest plants under changes in environmental nutrient availability.Importantly,our study identified critical interactions associated with combined N and P inputs that affect leaf P fractions,thus aiding in predicting plant acclimation strategies in the context of intensifying and imbalanced anthropogenic nutrient inputs.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72071042)。
文摘China’s healthcare system faces increasing challenges,including surging medical costs,resource allocation imbalances favoring large hospitals,and ineffective referral mechanisms.The lack of a unified strategy integrating standardized coverage with personalized payment compounds these issues.To this end,this study proposes a risk-sharing reform strategy that combines equal coverage for the same disease(ECSD)with an individualized out-of-pocket(I-OOP)model.Specifically,the study employs a Markov model to capture patient transitions across health states and care levels.The findings show that ECSD and I-OOP enhance equity by standardizing disease coverage while tailoring costs to patient income and facility type.This approach alleviates demand on high-tier hospitals,promoting primary care utilization and enabling balanced resource distribution.The study’s findings provide a reference for policymakers and healthcare administrators by presenting a scalable framework that is aligned with China’s development goals with the aim of fostering an efficient,sustainable healthcare system that is adaptable to regional needs.
文摘This paper purports to expound a special(technical)notion of paths.A neglected fundamental fact(especially under indeterminism)is that the path-dependent direction of any diachronic outcome is backward,i.e.,later steps depend on earlier ones successively,despite the ineradicable chance in their respective formation.In this paper,a token-oriented retrospective approach is proposed to overcome the limitation of the type-oriented approach in explaining path-related phenomena.My argument for the validity and utility of this approach is largely based on the elements of(PD),a definitional schema for diachronic sequences subject to a recursive counterfactual formula.I explore certain aspects of path individuation that have so far not been discussed,despite(PD)’s formal congeniality with Lewis’s‘causal chain’.Two basic patterns of path generation are examined:the first is for distinguishing actual vs possible branching paths,while the second introduces a metaphysical theme regarding the retrospective grounding of the causal status of an upstream event by its downstream(joint)effect.A central example of the paper,viz.,the Gobang game,is used to illustrate how the token-oriented approach works for path individuation.
文摘This paper is an attempt to explore the root of the modern paradox across multiple registers in order to uncover a persuasive pattern of contradiction that runs through the very fabric of contemporary existence.We discover that the very logic meant to emancipate the human subject-scientific mastery,bureaucratic order,economic growth,and many others,often recoil upon the subject,generating conditions of fragmentation,depersonalization,and spiritual aridity.Far from rejecting modernity wholesale,our task is a diagnostic one-to enter into the deep fabric of modernity and to decode its operating metaphors and interrogate what holds up the“scaffolding of collective life”.This is in a bid to find the rootedness of genuine human flourishing.Part of the answer,from our analysis,lies in a critical re-thinking within modernity without being subsumed by it.
文摘This paper explores the concept of crisis from a critical and interdisciplinary perspective,arguing that many contemporary crises-such as the coronavirus crisis and the climate crisis-are socially constructed and misunderstood.Drawing from Thomas Kuhn’s paradigm shift theory,Nassim Nicholas Taleb’s Black Swan concept,and complexity science,it contends that crises are a normal part of systemic evolution rather than extraordinary disruptions.The paper critiques the shift in agency from individuals to macro-level institutions,which has led to crises being perceived as indefinite rather than finite.The work also examines how crises are often framed through memetics rather than physical reality.By analyzing historical and contemporary crises,the paper illustrates how crisis narratives shape societal behavior and policy.The role of antifragility,memetic warfare,and evolutionary stable strategies(ESS)is discussed,demonstrating how resilience emerges through localized,rather than globalized,responses.The study concludes by advocating for a shift away from progressivist macro-level interventions and toward individual agency as the fundamental unit of societal adaptation.This perspective reframes crises as necessary transitions within evolutionary progress,arguing that societal sustainability depends on decentralization and adaptation rather than centralized control and panic-driven reactions.
文摘In every society,there are individuals who stand out with great achievements.These people are often seen as leaders and innovators,paving the way for others to follow.They are pioneers in their fields,who use their influential and inspiring personalities to motivate those around them.Their ability to drive change is due to not only their skills but also their characters.
基金Funding for the telescope has been provided by CAS and the People’s Government of Yunnan Provincefunded by the Civil Aerospace pre-research project D020302+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (U12150009,12150009)the CAS Light of West China Programthe science research grants from the China Manned Space Project with NO.CMS-CSST-2021-B10
文摘The perihelion of long-period comets places them near the Sun so they may exhibit activity.Before 2013 LU28 reached its perihelion,we performed a continuous observation to detect possible activity.Using the Lijiang 2.4 m telescope with a Johnson R filter,we measured the brightness of 2013 LU28 from 2024 January 3 to April 13.The instrumental magnitudes were subsequently transformed into the Pan-STARRS r system.Due to the noticeable descending trend in the absolute magnitude,we verified the cometary activity and constrained some photometric properties of 2013 LU28.Consequently,the increased cross-sectional area had a rate of 42.8 km^(2)day^(−1),and the corresponding mass-loss rate was 2.64 kg s^(−1)with the assumption of a dust-particle size a=10 mm and the densityρ=400 kg m^(−3).We estimated the nucleus radius as 0.11■r_(n)■0.21 km for CO sublimation and 0.20■r_(n)■0.71 km for CO_(2)sublimation and the grain size of 2013 LU28 was ac;117.95μm for CO and ac■7.57μm for CO_(2).The long-term observations provided in this paper will offer significant value for investigating the mechanisms driving the activity of 2013 LU28.
