Poria cocos(PC)is a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and a widely used healthcare ingredient,which has antiobesity,enhancing immunity and improving sleep effects.Traditionally,only water-soluble poria polysacch...Poria cocos(PC)is a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and a widely used healthcare ingredient,which has antiobesity,enhancing immunity and improving sleep effects.Traditionally,only water-soluble poria polysaccharide(WSP)is extracted and applied for clinical application,while insoluble polysaccharide(alkali-soluble poria polysaccharide,ASP)is discarded as herb residue.However,the whole PC has also been historically utilized as functional herbal food.Considering the beneficial role of dietary fiber and the traditional use of PC,ASP may also contribute substantially to the therapy function of PC.Compared to WSP,little attention has been paid to ASP and ASP modified product carboxymethyl poria polysaccharide(CMP)which has been used as an antitumor adjuvant drug.In this study,the oil,cholesterol,metal ions and polyphenols adsorption ability,in vitro simulated digestive and the gut microbiota fermentation characteristics of WSP,ASP and CMP were studied to evaluate the functional values of three P.cocos polysaccharides(PCPs).The results showed that all three PCPs had good adsorption capacity on cholesterol,polyphenols and metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+)/Mg^(2+)),among which ASP showed the highest capacity than WSP and CMP.The adsorption capacity of all three PCPs on heavy metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+))was stronger than that of non-heavy metal ions(Mg^(2+));The in vitro digestibility of all three PCPs was very low,but WSP was slightly higher than ASP and CMP;Moreover,the indigestible residue of all three PCPs could improve the richness and diversity of gut microbiota,among which ASP had the greatest influence.In general,ASP and CMP could significantly promote the proliferation of some probiotics and inhibit the growth of some harmful bacteria.The gut microbiota diversity of CMP was reduced,but the richness of probiotics,especially Parabacteroides distasonis was significantly enhanced compared with the ASP group,and the growth of harmful bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae was inhibited after CMP treatment.The short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)analysis results showed that all three PCPs could significantly promote the production of acetic acid,propionic acid and the total acid content compared with blank control group,and SCFAs producing activity was positively correlated with the proliferative capacity of probiotics.Taken together,the good adsorption characteristics and gut microbiota regulatory activity of ASP may lay foundation for its lipid-lowering and immune-improving function.Additionally,the probiotic effect of CMP and ASP indicated that except for only use the water extract of PC in clinic,CMP and ASP also can be used in healthcare to take full advantage of this valuable medicine.展开更多
To examine the effect of mechanical processing for plant-based materials on antioxidant properties during digestion,relationships between the size of pulverized plant tissue and changes in antioxidant activities durin...To examine the effect of mechanical processing for plant-based materials on antioxidant properties during digestion,relationships between the size of pulverized plant tissue and changes in antioxidant activities during simulated in vitro digestion were investigated.The citrus peel tissue was pulverized and classified into four powder fractions followed their particle size distributions as 125−180m,180−355m,355−500m and 500−710m.These fractions were regarded as a plant tissue model with various degrees of cell damages.Powder samples were collected during the digestion and measured their particle sizes and colors.Besides,total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of digested fluid were also evaluated.The results showed that the powder color of smaller particles were significantly changed than the bigger ones.The bio-properties of digested fluid for the bigger particle sizes comparatively retained more than smaller ones at the simulated gastric stage.It also showed mostly stable during simulated gastric or small intestinal digestion stage.This suggested that the release of bioactive compounds from plant tissues during digestion could be related to their structural attributes such as degrees of cell damages which could be affected by processing methods and conditions.展开更多
To increase the value-added utilization of cottonseed protein,xanthine oxidase(XOD)inhibitory peptides were prepared via enzymatic hydrolysis,and the XOD-inhibitory potency and degree of hydrolysis(DH)were used as eva...To increase the value-added utilization of cottonseed protein,xanthine oxidase(XOD)inhibitory peptides were prepared via enzymatic hydrolysis,and the XOD-inhibitory potency and degree of hydrolysis(DH)were used as evaluation metrics.The optimal hydrolysis with alkaline protease was pinpointed by combining single-factor screens with response-surface refinement;at pH 9,50℃,1:10(g/mL)solid-to-liquid load and 10000 U/g enzyme,a 3 h reaction delivered hydrolysates exhibiting 96.61%±0.58%XOD inhibition and 44.29%±0.35%DH.Amino acid composition and molecular weight analyses indicated that the peptides were rich in hydro-phobic residues and predominantly low in molecular weight.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)showed a secondary structure dominated byβ-turns.Following simulated gastrointestinal digestion,the hy-drolysates retained 72.02%of their XOD inhibitory activity.These findings provide a preliminary character-ization of the XOD inhibitory activity,molecular size distribution,and secondary structural features of cottonseed peptides obtained under optimized hydrolytic conditions.This information may serve as a reference for future peptide optimization and further in vivo and safety studies.展开更多
Previous studies systematically characterized the structural features,digestion,and fermentation properties of Pleurotus eryngii protein and its complex with oatβ-glucan(W-PEP-OG).The results indicated that,compared ...Previous studies systematically characterized the structural features,digestion,and fermentation properties of Pleurotus eryngii protein and its complex with oatβ-glucan(W-PEP-OG).The results indicated that,compared with the protein alone,W-PEP-OG exerts more favorable modulatory effects on gut health and may improve intestinal barrier function.In this study,a co-culture model of HT-29 and Caco-2 cells was employed to simulate the small intestinal and colonic barriers,and dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)was used to induce ulcerative colitis-like injury.The protective effects of sterile-filtered fractions derived from digested and fermented W-PEP-OG(D-W and F-W)on barrier integrity were systematically evaluated,along with their regulation of gut microbial metabolites.Both D-W and F-W alleviated DSS-induced barrier damage,as evidenced by reductions in inflam-mation and oxidative stress,accompanied by upregulation of mucins(MUC2 and MUC4),goblet cell-secreted factors(TFF3 and RELMβ),and tight junction proteins(ZO-1,occludin,and claudin-1).Untargeted metab-olomic analysis revealed that W-PEP-OG could modulate gut microbial pathways involved in tryptophan metabolism,histidine metabolism,and arginine biosynthesis,thereby promoting the production of metabolites such as tryptophan,indole-3-ethanol,and histamine,previously implicated in the regulation of intestinal barrier function.These findings provide a theoretical basis for the potential application of W-PEP-OG in mitigating intestinal barrier damage associated with ulcerative colitis.展开更多
The controlled release of selenium nanoparticles(SeNPs)is pivotal significance in improving bioavailability and mitigating potential side effects.Three types of SeNPs,Selenium nanoparticles synthesized by chemical met...The controlled release of selenium nanoparticles(SeNPs)is pivotal significance in improving bioavailability and mitigating potential side effects.Three types of SeNPs,Selenium nanoparticles synthesized by chemical method(CSeNPs),extracellular polysaccharide-encapsulated selenium nanoparticles(EPS-SeNP),and selenium nanoparticles synthesized by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum(LacSeNPs),were synthesized in this study using chemical reduction,polysaccharide-assisted,and microbial reduction methods,respectively.The selenium release kinetics of the nanoparticles were investigated in simulated gastrointestinal with five kinetics models.CSeNPs released 67.80% of selenium in simulated gastric fluids(SGF)and,depicting a Brownian motion fraction of 81.0.EPSSeNPs released 77.38% of selenium in SGF while only releasing 16.28% in simulated intestinal fluids(SIF).The release process was primarily affected by changes in the nanoparticle structure after Super Case II Transport in SGF and the zero-order model in SIF.The zero-order model provided the best fit for releasing LacSeNP profiles in the SGF.In SIF,the release mechanism of LacSeNPs was regulated by combination of diffusion and carrier swelling or erosion,leading to non-Fickian diffusion.Therefore,synthetic nanoparticle methods determine their structures and compositions,leading to differences in their release kinetics and release mechanisms.Notably,the release of LacSeNPs in the SGF aligns with the absorption patterns of selenium within the human body.The current study elucidates the potential application advantages of SeNPs synthesized using microbial means as selenium-enriched supplements.展开更多
The wear rate of dental restoration materials on fixed, removable, and implant prostheses is important in the maintenance of cuspate form, masticatory efficiency and occlusal stability. Many permanent restoration mate...The wear rate of dental restoration materials on fixed, removable, and implant prostheses is important in the maintenance of cuspate form, masticatory efficiency and occlusal stability. Many permanent restoration materials such as composite, amalgam, gold, or porcelain show enough resistance to wear, but the wear rates of newly developed materials are generally unknown. To evaluate the wear rate of these dental materials, in vivo (clinic) and in vitro methods can be used. Since in vivo investigations are expensive, time consuming, and difficult to standardize, various in vitro methods have been developed. The use of a chewing machine is considered the best method, because a variety of wear mechanisms, temperature changes, and chemical effects of food and drink can be simulated simultaneously. This paper describes a dual axis chewing simulator for in vitro wear test of dental restoration materials. It consists of 8 test chambers, two stepper motors and related mechanism, a hot and cool water circle system, and a control unit. In the chambers, samples and antagonists make chewing movements vertically and Albert Ludwigs University, School of dentistry, Freiburg, Germany (Lü XY, Kern M and Strub JR) horizontally driven by the stepper motors so that the gnashing and slippage of two teeth against each other is simulated. A weighted test object is programmed to collide with a sample under precise operator control. The antagonists strike against the samples at various speeds from a slow nudge to snapping. Sample holders are designed for installation of varying samples, from single teeth to complete dentures. Two baths, six valves, and a group of pipes are used for the thermocycling. The machine can simulate various chewing modes in the mouth, including fully programmable thermal water cycling between 5℃ and 60℃ The control unit consists of a computer system with a built in specific program. Important operations such as “Start”, “Zero point”, and “Stop” are carried out by pressing the function keys on the front board of the unit. During the programming process and the simulation, several test modes and relevant test parameters are shown on the monitor. The control unit is connected via a series of interfaces to different controlled parts of the machine, such as the stepper motors and the pumps of cool and warm water.展开更多
Heat moisture treatment is safe and non-chemical use method for modifying physicochemical properties and digestibility of starch.Slow starch digestion in rice product would provide numerous health benefi ts for the co...Heat moisture treatment is safe and non-chemical use method for modifying physicochemical properties and digestibility of starch.Slow starch digestion in rice product would provide numerous health benefi ts for the consumers.This study investigated the heat-moisture treatment to the raw paddy rice at 60 and 80ºC for 4 and 24 h,and their effects on the attributes of cooked rice.The fi rmness,adhesiveness,starch hydrolysis and morphological changes during in vitro digestion were examined.Results showed that heat-moisture treatment to raw paddy rice for 24 h signifi cantly reduced the moisture content and could increase the total starch content of the rice grain.The apparent amylose content ranged from 23.83%to 25.65%at the variation in the values between treated and untreated rice.Enhancement in the firmness and reduction in the starch hydrolysis was found in rice treated by longer heating time of 24 h.Meanwhile,the adhesiveness of cooked rice was decreased when increasing the heating temperature.The morphological observation showed that the treated rice exhibited a honey-comb-like structure during simulated gastric digestion,while the untreated rice displayed a non-uniform structure.Noteworthy,the porous structure observed in all digested rice grains during simulated small intestinal digestion could favor the starch hydrolysis.This study showed that the heat-moisture treatment to the raw paddy rice at certain conditions obviously influenced the attributes of cooked rice,especially on the starch hydrolysis,which would provide a fundamental knowledge to enable development and improvement of slow digestion rice products.展开更多
Kidney beans have prebiotic potential in preventing chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes by regulating gut microbiota.In the present study,an in vitro simulated colonic fermentation model was established to identi...Kidney beans have prebiotic potential in preventing chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes by regulating gut microbiota.In the present study,an in vitro simulated colonic fermentation model was established to identify the influences of kidney beans on the intestinal micro-ecosystem via the evolution of microbes and their metabolites.The results showed that kidney beans effectively facilitated the proliferation of probiotics represented by Bifidobacterium and inhibited the colonization of Fusobacterium served as the biomarker for colorectal cancer.Meanwhile,kidney beans facilitated the generating of lactic acid and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and the multi-omics analysis revealed butyric acid was mainly synthesized via the butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase pathway mediated by kidney beans rich in resistant starch and phenolics.Conclusively,this study provided new evidence for the characterization of gut microbial SCFAs metabolism in kidney beans and established the theoretical basis for the health benefits of kidney beans.展开更多
基金supported by the Province Natural Science Foundation of Hunan,China (2022JJ5410)Special Project on Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Construction of Hunan,China (2022-67)。
文摘Poria cocos(PC)is a famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and a widely used healthcare ingredient,which has antiobesity,enhancing immunity and improving sleep effects.Traditionally,only water-soluble poria polysaccharide(WSP)is extracted and applied for clinical application,while insoluble polysaccharide(alkali-soluble poria polysaccharide,ASP)is discarded as herb residue.However,the whole PC has also been historically utilized as functional herbal food.Considering the beneficial role of dietary fiber and the traditional use of PC,ASP may also contribute substantially to the therapy function of PC.Compared to WSP,little attention has been paid to ASP and ASP modified product carboxymethyl poria polysaccharide(CMP)which has been used as an antitumor adjuvant drug.In this study,the oil,cholesterol,metal ions and polyphenols adsorption ability,in vitro simulated digestive and the gut microbiota fermentation characteristics of WSP,ASP and CMP were studied to evaluate the functional values of three P.cocos polysaccharides(PCPs).The results showed that all three PCPs had good adsorption capacity on cholesterol,polyphenols and metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+)/Mg^(2+)),among which ASP showed the highest capacity than WSP and CMP.The adsorption capacity of all three PCPs on heavy metal ions(Cd^(2+)/Zn^(2+))was stronger than that of non-heavy metal ions(Mg^(2+));The in vitro digestibility of all three PCPs was very low,but WSP was slightly higher than ASP and CMP;Moreover,the indigestible residue of all three PCPs could improve the richness and diversity of gut microbiota,among which ASP had the greatest influence.In general,ASP and CMP could significantly promote the proliferation of some probiotics and inhibit the growth of some harmful bacteria.The gut microbiota diversity of CMP was reduced,but the richness of probiotics,especially Parabacteroides distasonis was significantly enhanced compared with the ASP group,and the growth of harmful bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae was inhibited after CMP treatment.The short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)analysis results showed that all three PCPs could significantly promote the production of acetic acid,propionic acid and the total acid content compared with blank control group,and SCFAs producing activity was positively correlated with the proliferative capacity of probiotics.Taken together,the good adsorption characteristics and gut microbiota regulatory activity of ASP may lay foundation for its lipid-lowering and immune-improving function.Additionally,the probiotic effect of CMP and ASP indicated that except for only use the water extract of PC in clinic,CMP and ASP also can be used in healthcare to take full advantage of this valuable medicine.
文摘To examine the effect of mechanical processing for plant-based materials on antioxidant properties during digestion,relationships between the size of pulverized plant tissue and changes in antioxidant activities during simulated in vitro digestion were investigated.The citrus peel tissue was pulverized and classified into four powder fractions followed their particle size distributions as 125−180m,180−355m,355−500m and 500−710m.These fractions were regarded as a plant tissue model with various degrees of cell damages.Powder samples were collected during the digestion and measured their particle sizes and colors.Besides,total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of digested fluid were also evaluated.The results showed that the powder color of smaller particles were significantly changed than the bigger ones.The bio-properties of digested fluid for the bigger particle sizes comparatively retained more than smaller ones at the simulated gastric stage.It also showed mostly stable during simulated gastric or small intestinal digestion stage.This suggested that the release of bioactive compounds from plant tissues during digestion could be related to their structural attributes such as degrees of cell damages which could be affected by processing methods and conditions.
基金funded by XPCC Guiding Science and Technology Program of China(grant number 2024DZ006)Research Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science in China(grant number 2024YJPY04).
文摘To increase the value-added utilization of cottonseed protein,xanthine oxidase(XOD)inhibitory peptides were prepared via enzymatic hydrolysis,and the XOD-inhibitory potency and degree of hydrolysis(DH)were used as evaluation metrics.The optimal hydrolysis with alkaline protease was pinpointed by combining single-factor screens with response-surface refinement;at pH 9,50℃,1:10(g/mL)solid-to-liquid load and 10000 U/g enzyme,a 3 h reaction delivered hydrolysates exhibiting 96.61%±0.58%XOD inhibition and 44.29%±0.35%DH.Amino acid composition and molecular weight analyses indicated that the peptides were rich in hydro-phobic residues and predominantly low in molecular weight.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)showed a secondary structure dominated byβ-turns.Following simulated gastrointestinal digestion,the hy-drolysates retained 72.02%of their XOD inhibitory activity.These findings provide a preliminary character-ization of the XOD inhibitory activity,molecular size distribution,and secondary structural features of cottonseed peptides obtained under optimized hydrolytic conditions.This information may serve as a reference for future peptide optimization and further in vivo and safety studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32372324)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2022378).
文摘Previous studies systematically characterized the structural features,digestion,and fermentation properties of Pleurotus eryngii protein and its complex with oatβ-glucan(W-PEP-OG).The results indicated that,compared with the protein alone,W-PEP-OG exerts more favorable modulatory effects on gut health and may improve intestinal barrier function.In this study,a co-culture model of HT-29 and Caco-2 cells was employed to simulate the small intestinal and colonic barriers,and dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)was used to induce ulcerative colitis-like injury.The protective effects of sterile-filtered fractions derived from digested and fermented W-PEP-OG(D-W and F-W)on barrier integrity were systematically evaluated,along with their regulation of gut microbial metabolites.Both D-W and F-W alleviated DSS-induced barrier damage,as evidenced by reductions in inflam-mation and oxidative stress,accompanied by upregulation of mucins(MUC2 and MUC4),goblet cell-secreted factors(TFF3 and RELMβ),and tight junction proteins(ZO-1,occludin,and claudin-1).Untargeted metab-olomic analysis revealed that W-PEP-OG could modulate gut microbial pathways involved in tryptophan metabolism,histidine metabolism,and arginine biosynthesis,thereby promoting the production of metabolites such as tryptophan,indole-3-ethanol,and histamine,previously implicated in the regulation of intestinal barrier function.These findings provide a theoretical basis for the potential application of W-PEP-OG in mitigating intestinal barrier damage associated with ulcerative colitis.
基金supported by Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Digital Twin[2022B1212010004]Special Funds for Science and Technology of Guangdong Province,China[2020JK18203210]+1 种基金Pazhou Lab[PZL2023ZZ0006]Development Fund of Yiweyi Biological Manufacturing(Jiangmen)Co.,Ltd,China[2023Y1103011].
文摘The controlled release of selenium nanoparticles(SeNPs)is pivotal significance in improving bioavailability and mitigating potential side effects.Three types of SeNPs,Selenium nanoparticles synthesized by chemical method(CSeNPs),extracellular polysaccharide-encapsulated selenium nanoparticles(EPS-SeNP),and selenium nanoparticles synthesized by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum(LacSeNPs),were synthesized in this study using chemical reduction,polysaccharide-assisted,and microbial reduction methods,respectively.The selenium release kinetics of the nanoparticles were investigated in simulated gastrointestinal with five kinetics models.CSeNPs released 67.80% of selenium in simulated gastric fluids(SGF)and,depicting a Brownian motion fraction of 81.0.EPSSeNPs released 77.38% of selenium in SGF while only releasing 16.28% in simulated intestinal fluids(SIF).The release process was primarily affected by changes in the nanoparticle structure after Super Case II Transport in SGF and the zero-order model in SIF.The zero-order model provided the best fit for releasing LacSeNP profiles in the SGF.In SIF,the release mechanism of LacSeNPs was regulated by combination of diffusion and carrier swelling or erosion,leading to non-Fickian diffusion.Therefore,synthetic nanoparticle methods determine their structures and compositions,leading to differences in their release kinetics and release mechanisms.Notably,the release of LacSeNPs in the SGF aligns with the absorption patterns of selenium within the human body.The current study elucidates the potential application advantages of SeNPs synthesized using microbial means as selenium-enriched supplements.
文摘The wear rate of dental restoration materials on fixed, removable, and implant prostheses is important in the maintenance of cuspate form, masticatory efficiency and occlusal stability. Many permanent restoration materials such as composite, amalgam, gold, or porcelain show enough resistance to wear, but the wear rates of newly developed materials are generally unknown. To evaluate the wear rate of these dental materials, in vivo (clinic) and in vitro methods can be used. Since in vivo investigations are expensive, time consuming, and difficult to standardize, various in vitro methods have been developed. The use of a chewing machine is considered the best method, because a variety of wear mechanisms, temperature changes, and chemical effects of food and drink can be simulated simultaneously. This paper describes a dual axis chewing simulator for in vitro wear test of dental restoration materials. It consists of 8 test chambers, two stepper motors and related mechanism, a hot and cool water circle system, and a control unit. In the chambers, samples and antagonists make chewing movements vertically and Albert Ludwigs University, School of dentistry, Freiburg, Germany (Lü XY, Kern M and Strub JR) horizontally driven by the stepper motors so that the gnashing and slippage of two teeth against each other is simulated. A weighted test object is programmed to collide with a sample under precise operator control. The antagonists strike against the samples at various speeds from a slow nudge to snapping. Sample holders are designed for installation of varying samples, from single teeth to complete dentures. Two baths, six valves, and a group of pipes are used for the thermocycling. The machine can simulate various chewing modes in the mouth, including fully programmable thermal water cycling between 5℃ and 60℃ The control unit consists of a computer system with a built in specific program. Important operations such as “Start”, “Zero point”, and “Stop” are carried out by pressing the function keys on the front board of the unit. During the programming process and the simulation, several test modes and relevant test parameters are shown on the monitor. The control unit is connected via a series of interfaces to different controlled parts of the machine, such as the stepper motors and the pumps of cool and warm water.
基金supported by a grant from the Project of the NARO Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution for Research Program on Development of Innovative Technology.The grant number was 01010B.
文摘Heat moisture treatment is safe and non-chemical use method for modifying physicochemical properties and digestibility of starch.Slow starch digestion in rice product would provide numerous health benefi ts for the consumers.This study investigated the heat-moisture treatment to the raw paddy rice at 60 and 80ºC for 4 and 24 h,and their effects on the attributes of cooked rice.The fi rmness,adhesiveness,starch hydrolysis and morphological changes during in vitro digestion were examined.Results showed that heat-moisture treatment to raw paddy rice for 24 h signifi cantly reduced the moisture content and could increase the total starch content of the rice grain.The apparent amylose content ranged from 23.83%to 25.65%at the variation in the values between treated and untreated rice.Enhancement in the firmness and reduction in the starch hydrolysis was found in rice treated by longer heating time of 24 h.Meanwhile,the adhesiveness of cooked rice was decreased when increasing the heating temperature.The morphological observation showed that the treated rice exhibited a honey-comb-like structure during simulated gastric digestion,while the untreated rice displayed a non-uniform structure.Noteworthy,the porous structure observed in all digested rice grains during simulated small intestinal digestion could favor the starch hydrolysis.This study showed that the heat-moisture treatment to the raw paddy rice at certain conditions obviously influenced the attributes of cooked rice,especially on the starch hydrolysis,which would provide a fundamental knowledge to enable development and improvement of slow digestion rice products.
基金financial support of Guizhou Science and Technology Program Qian Ke Zhong Yin Di[2022]4033Qian Ke He Zhicheng[2022]Zhongdian 007+5 种基金Qian Ke He Zhicheng[2021]yiban 175Qian Ke He Zhicheng[2020]1Y171Qian Ke He Jichu[2019]1071Qian Ke He Ping Tai Ren Cai[2018]5254[2018]5781Establishment of Guizhou Modern Agriculture Industry Technical System(Characteristic Coarse Cereals)Qian Cai Nong[2018]81.
文摘Kidney beans have prebiotic potential in preventing chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes by regulating gut microbiota.In the present study,an in vitro simulated colonic fermentation model was established to identify the influences of kidney beans on the intestinal micro-ecosystem via the evolution of microbes and their metabolites.The results showed that kidney beans effectively facilitated the proliferation of probiotics represented by Bifidobacterium and inhibited the colonization of Fusobacterium served as the biomarker for colorectal cancer.Meanwhile,kidney beans facilitated the generating of lactic acid and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and the multi-omics analysis revealed butyric acid was mainly synthesized via the butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase pathway mediated by kidney beans rich in resistant starch and phenolics.Conclusively,this study provided new evidence for the characterization of gut microbial SCFAs metabolism in kidney beans and established the theoretical basis for the health benefits of kidney beans.
