Traumatic brain injury（TBI）remains one of the leading causes of disability and death in infants and children.Studies have demonstrated that the youngest age group（especially≤4 years old）exhibit worse functional o...Traumatic brain injury（TBI）remains one of the leading causes of disability and death in infants and children.Studies have demonstrated that the youngest age group（especially≤4 years old）exhibit worse functional outcome following moderate to severe TBI compared to older children or adults（Anderson et al.,2005;Emami et al.,2017）.These data suggest that age-at-injury may be an important determinant of outcome,展开更多
Chinese English speaking class faces lots of problems,such as lack of motivation,the big class size,the gap between stu⁃dents from urban and rural areas,etc.In order to solve these problems,the cooperative learning st...Chinese English speaking class faces lots of problems,such as lack of motivation,the big class size,the gap between stu⁃dents from urban and rural areas,etc.In order to solve these problems,the cooperative learning strategy is introduced and analyzed in this article.This article defines the cooperative learning strategy and then introduces the benefits of it and at last suggests how to using it in English teaching,especially in speaking.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease(AD)is closely linked to the accumulation of amyloid-beta peptides(Aβ),which impair synaptic plasticity and contribute to cognitive decline.Among the fragments of Aβ,the CT16 peptide(the equiv...Alzheimer's disease(AD)is closely linked to the accumulation of amyloid-beta peptides(Aβ),which impair synaptic plasticity and contribute to cognitive decline.Among the fragments of Aβ,the CT16 peptide(the equivalent of Aβ16,derived from soluble amyloid precursor proteinα,s APPα)has been shown to interact with theα7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7nAChR),potentially enhancing synaptic plasticity.However,the concentrationdependent modulation of CT16 onα7nAChR and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.We employ molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how varying concentrations of CT16 affect the conformation and function of theα7nAChR,and establishes the proportional relationship between CT16 concentration andα7nAChR receptor function regulation at the molecular level,finding a stoichiometric ratio of 1:3 for maximum activation ofα7nAChR by CT16,and establishing the first demonstration that the constriction geometry of the pore within extracellular domain(specifically its minimal cross-sectional area)serves as the dominant structural determinant for ion permeation pathways at stoichiometric CT16:α7nAChR binding(1:1 ratio),a phenomenon contrasting sharply with scenarios at higher ratios(CT16:α7nAChR>1:1).The presence of CT16 not only induces significant conformational changes,stabilizes specific receptor regions,but also modulates the ion channel's pore geometry in a concentration-dependent manner.These findings shed light on the potential role of CT16 in regulating synaptic plasticity and offer theoretical insights into its dual role as a positive allosteric modulator at low concentrations and an inhibitor at higher concentrations,which may have implications for therapeutic strategies targetingα7nAChR in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
文摘Traumatic brain injury（TBI）remains one of the leading causes of disability and death in infants and children.Studies have demonstrated that the youngest age group（especially≤4 years old）exhibit worse functional outcome following moderate to severe TBI compared to older children or adults（Anderson et al.,2005;Emami et al.,2017）.These data suggest that age-at-injury may be an important determinant of outcome,
文摘Chinese English speaking class faces lots of problems,such as lack of motivation,the big class size,the gap between stu⁃dents from urban and rural areas,etc.In order to solve these problems,the cooperative learning strategy is introduced and analyzed in this article.This article defines the cooperative learning strategy and then introduces the benefits of it and at last suggests how to using it in English teaching,especially in speaking.
基金supported by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2022MB073)of China。
文摘Alzheimer's disease(AD)is closely linked to the accumulation of amyloid-beta peptides(Aβ),which impair synaptic plasticity and contribute to cognitive decline.Among the fragments of Aβ,the CT16 peptide(the equivalent of Aβ16,derived from soluble amyloid precursor proteinα,s APPα)has been shown to interact with theα7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α7nAChR),potentially enhancing synaptic plasticity.However,the concentrationdependent modulation of CT16 onα7nAChR and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.We employ molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how varying concentrations of CT16 affect the conformation and function of theα7nAChR,and establishes the proportional relationship between CT16 concentration andα7nAChR receptor function regulation at the molecular level,finding a stoichiometric ratio of 1:3 for maximum activation ofα7nAChR by CT16,and establishing the first demonstration that the constriction geometry of the pore within extracellular domain(specifically its minimal cross-sectional area)serves as the dominant structural determinant for ion permeation pathways at stoichiometric CT16:α7nAChR binding(1:1 ratio),a phenomenon contrasting sharply with scenarios at higher ratios(CT16:α7nAChR>1:1).The presence of CT16 not only induces significant conformational changes,stabilizes specific receptor regions,but also modulates the ion channel's pore geometry in a concentration-dependent manner.These findings shed light on the potential role of CT16 in regulating synaptic plasticity and offer theoretical insights into its dual role as a positive allosteric modulator at low concentrations and an inhibitor at higher concentrations,which may have implications for therapeutic strategies targetingα7nAChR in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
