As an important means of communication among cells,exosomes are being studied more and more widely,especially in the context of cancer immunotherapy.In the phase of tumor immunoediting,exosomes derived from tumor cell...As an important means of communication among cells,exosomes are being studied more and more widely,especially in the context of cancer immunotherapy.In the phase of tumor immunoediting,exosomes derived from tumor cells and different immune cells have complex and changeable physiological functions,because they carry different proteins and nucleic acid from the source cells.Based on the role of exosomes in the communication between different cells,cancer treatment methods are also under continuous research.This review briefly introduces the molecular composition of exosomes,which is closely related to their secretion mechanism.Subsequently,the role of exosomes encapsulating different information molecules is summarized.The role of exosomes in the three phases of tumor immunoediting is introduced in detail,and the relevant literature of exosomes in the tumor immunemicroenvironment is summarized by using a novel framework for extracting relevant documents.Finally,it summarizes the various exosome-based immunotherapies currently proposed,as well as the challenges and future prospects of exosomes in tumor immunotherapy.展开更多
In situ vaccine(ISV)is a promising immunotherapeutic tactic due to its complete tumoral antigenic repertoire.However,its efficiency is limited by extrinsic inevitable immunosuppression and intrinsic immunogenicity sca...In situ vaccine(ISV)is a promising immunotherapeutic tactic due to its complete tumoral antigenic repertoire.However,its efficiency is limited by extrinsic inevitable immunosuppression and intrinsic immunogenicity scarcity.To break this plight,a tumor-activated and optically reinforced immunoscaffold(TURN)is exploited to trigger cancer immunoediting phases regression,thus levering potent systemic antitumor immune responses.Upon response to tumoral reactive oxygen species,TURN will first release RGX-104 to attenuate excessive immunosuppressive cells and cytokines,and thus immunosuppression falls and immunogenicity rises.Subsequently,intermittent laser irradiation-activated photothermal agents(PL)trigger abundant tumor antigens exposure,which causes immunogenicity springs and preliminary infiltration of T cells.Finally,CD137 agonists from TURN further promotes the proliferation,function,and survival of T cells for durable antitumor effects.Therefore,cancer immunoediting phases reverse and systemic antitumor immune responses occur.TURN achieves over 90%tumor growth inhibition in both primary and secondary tumor lesions,induces potent systemic immune responses,and triggers superior long-term immune memory in vivo.Taken together,TURN provides a prospective sight for ISV from the perspective of immunoediting phases.展开更多
基金financial support received from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82073784)Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Program (No. 20200801012GH)Industrial Technology Research and Development Projects from the Development and Reform Commission of Jilin Province (2019C050-4)
文摘As an important means of communication among cells,exosomes are being studied more and more widely,especially in the context of cancer immunotherapy.In the phase of tumor immunoediting,exosomes derived from tumor cells and different immune cells have complex and changeable physiological functions,because they carry different proteins and nucleic acid from the source cells.Based on the role of exosomes in the communication between different cells,cancer treatment methods are also under continuous research.This review briefly introduces the molecular composition of exosomes,which is closely related to their secretion mechanism.Subsequently,the role of exosomes encapsulating different information molecules is summarized.The role of exosomes in the three phases of tumor immunoediting is introduced in detail,and the relevant literature of exosomes in the tumor immunemicroenvironment is summarized by using a novel framework for extracting relevant documents.Finally,it summarizes the various exosome-based immunotherapies currently proposed,as well as the challenges and future prospects of exosomes in tumor immunotherapy.
基金supported by Funds of Sichuan Province for Distinguished Young Scholar(2021JDJQ0037)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82372123)+1 种基金Central Guide Local Science and Technology Development Special Project fund(2023FRD05038)1⋅3⋅5 project for disciplines of excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(ZYYC23004).
文摘In situ vaccine(ISV)is a promising immunotherapeutic tactic due to its complete tumoral antigenic repertoire.However,its efficiency is limited by extrinsic inevitable immunosuppression and intrinsic immunogenicity scarcity.To break this plight,a tumor-activated and optically reinforced immunoscaffold(TURN)is exploited to trigger cancer immunoediting phases regression,thus levering potent systemic antitumor immune responses.Upon response to tumoral reactive oxygen species,TURN will first release RGX-104 to attenuate excessive immunosuppressive cells and cytokines,and thus immunosuppression falls and immunogenicity rises.Subsequently,intermittent laser irradiation-activated photothermal agents(PL)trigger abundant tumor antigens exposure,which causes immunogenicity springs and preliminary infiltration of T cells.Finally,CD137 agonists from TURN further promotes the proliferation,function,and survival of T cells for durable antitumor effects.Therefore,cancer immunoediting phases reverse and systemic antitumor immune responses occur.TURN achieves over 90%tumor growth inhibition in both primary and secondary tumor lesions,induces potent systemic immune responses,and triggers superior long-term immune memory in vivo.Taken together,TURN provides a prospective sight for ISV from the perspective of immunoediting phases.
