Background:Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the ureter(SCU)is a highly aggressive and relatively uncommon malignant tumor of the urinary tract.Its frequency is quite low,and its prognosis is very bad when compared to other ca...Background:Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the ureter(SCU)is a highly aggressive and relatively uncommon malignant tumor of the urinary tract.Its frequency is quite low,and its prognosis is very bad when compared to other cancers of the urinary system.SCU clinical reports are still hard to come by.MRI and PEI/CT imaging of ureteral sarcomatoid cancer is presented in this case to promote diagnostic awareness and comprehension of the imaging characteristics of this uncommon illness.Method:The patient had ureteral sarcomatoid cancer,which was verified by pathological investigation after ureteroscopic biopsy.The patient’s clinical information,imaging results,surgical outcomes,and pathological findings were gathered.A retrospective study was carried out in combinationwith pertinent national and international literature.Results:An 84-year-old female patient was admitted for“left flank discomfort lasting over one month.”MRI revealed an irregular soft tissue mass in the middle-lower segment of the left ureter.T2-weighted imaging showed an unevenly slightly hyperintense signal.Diffusion-weighted imaging demonstrated restricted diffusion.Contrastenhanced imaging exhibited heterogeneous enhancement.PET/CT demonstrated significantly increased fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism in the mass with secondary left upper urinary tract obstruction.Concurrent findings included a solitary metastatic lesion in hepatic segment S6 and multiple lymph node metastases along the left common iliac and external iliac arteries.Preoperative diagnosis suggested a malignant tumor of the ureter.The patient underwent left nephroureteroscopy with biopsy,and the postoperative pathological diagnosis was ureteral sarcomatoid carcinoma.Conclusion:Ureteral sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare,highly malignant,and aggressive tumor with nonspecific imaging features,typically presenting as an invasively growing mass.Diagnosis relies on postoperative pathology and immunohistochemical examination.MRI and PET/CT scans are valuable for preoperative localization and characterization,tumor staging,treatment planning,and postoperative follow-up.The prognosis is extremely negative.The main treatment option is radical surgery,although constant monitoring is necessary since early recurrence and metastases are frequent after surgery.展开更多
The level of glutathione(GSH)is significantly associated with numerous pathological processes,thus,real-time detection of the GSH level is of significance for early diagnosis of GSH-related diseases.Herein,we develope...The level of glutathione(GSH)is significantly associated with numerous pathological processes,thus,real-time detection of the GSH level is of significance for early diagnosis of GSH-related diseases.Herein,we developed in vivo second near-infrared(NIR-II)window fluorescence(FL)and ratiometric photoacoustic(RPA)dual-modality imaging of GSH using a GSH-activatable probe(LET-14).LET-14 was synthesized based on a rhodamine hybrid xanthene skeleton with a FL shielding 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonyl group that can be specifically cleaved by GSH,thus resulting in a markedly bathochromic-shift absorption,a 6.5-fold increase in NIR-II FL intensity(FL920)and a 13-fold increase in RPA signal(PA880/PA705)in vitro.Intriguingly,LET-14 exhibits good selectivity and sensitivity for NIR-II FL and RPA dual-modality imaging of GSH in 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model.Our findings develop an in vivo detection tool of GSH,which has great potential in the field of cancer diagnosis.展开更多
Vascular abnormalities are closely associated with the pathogenesis and progression of numerous diseases, such as thrombosis, tumors, and diabetes. Blood flow velocity serves as a critical biomarker for evaluating per...Vascular abnormalities are closely associated with the pathogenesis and progression of numerous diseases, such as thrombosis, tumors, and diabetes. Blood flow velocity serves as a critical biomarker for evaluating perfusion status. Quantitative detection of full-field blood flow variations in lesion areas holds significant scientific and clinical value for pathological studies,diagnosis, and intraoperative monitoring of related diseases. While laser speckle contrast imaging(LSCI) enables full-field blood flow visualization, its reliance on frame-based sensors necessitates handling massive data volumes, leading to inherent trade-offs among spatiotemporal resolution, real-time performance, and quantitative capabilities. Leveraging the asynchronous dynamic sensing, high temporal sampling rate, and low data redundancy of event cameras, this study proposes a quantitative blood flow imaging method termed laser speckle event imaging(LSEI). Experiments using off-the-shelf event cameras demonstrate that LSEI achieves real-time blood flow imaging with minimal computational overhead compared to frame-based LSCI. Furthermore,we investigate the relationship between event data streams and flow velocity through spatial-temporal autocorrelation analysis,enabling quantitative measurements without compromising temporal or spatial resolution. In in vivo imaging experiments of mouse ear blood flow, LSEI exhibits superior imaging details and real-time performance over conventional methods. The proposed approach holds promise as an efficient tool for diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, and research on vascular-related diseases.展开更多
The photoacoustic imaging of lipid is intrinsically constrained by the feeble nature of endogenous lipid signals,posing a persistent sensitivity challenge that demands innovative solutions.Although adopting high-effic...The photoacoustic imaging of lipid is intrinsically constrained by the feeble nature of endogenous lipid signals,posing a persistent sensitivity challenge that demands innovative solutions.Although adopting high-efficiency excitation and detection elements may improve the imaging sensitivity to a certain extent,the application of the elements is inevitably subject to various limitations in practical applications,particularly during in vivo imaging and endoscopic imaging.In this study,we propose a multi-combinatorial approach to enhance the sensitivity of lipid photoacoustic imaging.The approach involves wavelet transform processing of one-dimensional A-line signals,gradient-based denoising of two-dimensional B-scan images,and finally,threedimensional spatial weighted averaging of the data processed by the previous two steps.This method not only significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)in distinguished feature regions of the image by around 10 dB,but also efficiently extracts weak signals with no distinct features in the original image.After processing with this method,the images acquired under single scanning were compared with those obtained under multiple scanning.The results showed highly consistent image features,with the structural similarity index increasing from 0.2 to 0.8,confirming the accuracy and reliability of the multi-combinatorial approach.展开更多
Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have become valuable tools in medical imaging,enabling realistic image synthesis for enhancement,augmentation,and restoration.However,their integration into clinical workflows rais...Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have become valuable tools in medical imaging,enabling realistic image synthesis for enhancement,augmentation,and restoration.However,their integration into clinical workflows raises concerns,particularly the risk of subtle distortions or hallucinations that may undermine diagnostic accuracy and weaken trust in AI-assisted decision-making.To address this challenge,we propose a hybrid deep learning framework designed to detect GAN-induced artifacts in medical images,thereby reinforcing the reliability of AI-driven diagnostics.The framework integrates low-level statistical descriptors,including high-frequency residuals and Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix(GLCM)texture features,with high-level semantic representations extracted from a pre-trained ResNet18.This dual-stream approach enables detection of both pixel-level anomalies and structural inconsistencies introduced by GAN-based manipulation.We validated the framework on a curated dataset of 10,000 medical images,evenly split between authentic and GAN-generated samples across four modalities:MRI,CT,X-ray,and fundus photography.To improve generalizability to real-world clinical settings,we incorporated domain adaptation strategies such as adversarial training and style transfer,reducing domain shift by 15%.Experimental results demonstrate robust performance,achieving 92.6%accuracy and an F1-score of 0.91 on synthetic test data,and maintaining strong performance on real-world GAN-modified images with 87.3%accuracy and an F1-score of 0.85.Additionally,the model attained an AUC of 0.96 and an average precision of 0.92,outperforming conventional GAN detection pipelines and baseline Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures.These findings establish the proposed framework as an effective and reliable solution for detecting GAN-induced hallucinations in medical imaging,representing an important step toward building trustworthy and clinically deployable AI systems.展开更多
In recent years,the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence(AI)technology has enabled AI-assisted negative screening to significantly enhance physicians'efficiency through image feature analysis and multimoda...In recent years,the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence(AI)technology has enabled AI-assisted negative screening to significantly enhance physicians'efficiency through image feature analysis and multimodal data modeling,allowing them to focus more on diagnosing positive cases.Meanwhile,multispectral imaging(MSI)integrates spectral and spatial resolution to capture subtle tissue features invisible to the human eye,providing high-resolution data support for pathological analysis.Combining AI technology with MSI and employing quantitative methods to analyze multiband biomarkers(such as absorbance differences in keratin pearls)can effectively improve diagnostic specificity and reduce subjective errors in manual slide interpretation.To address the challenge of identifying negative tissue sections,we developed a discrimination algorithm powered by MSI.We demonstrated its efficacy using cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(cSCC)as a representative case study.The algorithm achieved 100%accuracy in excluding negative cases and effectively mitigated the false-positive problem caused by cSCC heterogeneity.We constructed a multispectral image(MSI)dataset acquired at 520 nm,600 nm,and 630 nm wavelengths.Subsequently,we employed an optimized MobileViT model for tissue classification and performed comparative analyses against other models.The experimental results showed that our optimized MobileViT model achieved superior performance in identifying negative tissue sections,with a perfect accuracy rate of 100%.Thus,our results confirm the feasibility of integrating MSI with AI to exclude negative cases with perfect accuracy,offering a novel solution to alleviate the workload of pathologists.展开更多
Optical imaging has been pivotal in biological research(e.g.,cellular/developmental biology)for over two centuries.Recent advances like super-resolution fluorescence and nonlinear optical microscopy enable nanoscale s...Optical imaging has been pivotal in biological research(e.g.,cellular/developmental biology)for over two centuries.Recent advances like super-resolution fluorescence and nonlinear optical microscopy enable nanoscale studies of live cells and animals,yet their application to marine mollusks-key marine ecosystem species,remains underexplored.This review summarizes optical imaging techniques and their use in investigating marine mollusks across molecular,cellular,tissue,and individual levels.It highlights promising avenues for novel imaging methods to unravel the structures and functions of these organisms in future research,with a focus on advancements in applying cutting-edge optical techniques across these hierarchical levels.Given optical imaging's significance in elucidating marine mollusks'ecological and genetic information,this field deserves substantial attention and support.The review aims to address existing gaps,providing researchers and practitioners with comprehensive insights to foster further progress in this domain.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs),a class of emerging fluorescent nanomaterials,have garnered notable attention in the biomedical field owing to their outstanding photoluminescence properties,excellent biocompatibility,and ease of syn...Carbon dots(CDs),a class of emerging fluorescent nanomaterials,have garnered notable attention in the biomedical field owing to their outstanding photoluminescence properties,excellent biocompatibility,and ease of synthesis and functionalization.Recently,numerous CDs have been developed that allow precise subcellular localization through surface modifications or covalent conjugation with targeting ligands such as peptides,small molecules,Golgi-specific agents,and cell membrane-specific agents.This review begins with an overview of the synthesis strategies of CDs,highlighting their exceptional optical properties,stability,biocompatibility,and significance for subcellular imaging.The mechanisms by which CDs target specific organelles,including the nucleus,mitochondrion,lysosomes,Golgi apparatus,and cell membrane,are discussed.These mechanisms include specific targeting molecules,pH-sensitive targeting,charge-driven interactions,and hydrophobic and hydrophilic dynamics.Furthermore,we summarize their applications in subcellular imaging,such as the long-term dynamic monitoring of organelles,sensing,reactive oxygen species scavenging,and therapy.By presenting a comprehensive review of CDs in subcellular imaging,we aim to pave the way for further development of CDs in bioimaging and related biomedical applications.展开更多
The brain atlas,or parcellation-delineating spatial partitions,organizes the brain's structure and function[1].The spatial arrangements of highly heterogeneous landscapes represent specialized functional regions f...The brain atlas,or parcellation-delineating spatial partitions,organizes the brain's structure and function[1].The spatial arrangements of highly heterogeneous landscapes represent specialized functional regions for investigating their interactions.Early efforts to parcellate the mammalian brain,using histological cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture,as well as recent in vivo magnetic resonance imaging(MRl)[2,3],have primarily involved cortical areas,subcortical structures,and cerebellar nuclei.Human brain parcellations primarily focus on grey matter(GM),which purposefully excludes white matter(WM),hindering the development of next-generation brain atlases.展开更多
Cemented paste backfill(CPB)is a technology that achieves safe mining by filling the goaf with waste rocks,tailings,and other materials.It is an inevitable choice to deal with the development of deep and highly diffic...Cemented paste backfill(CPB)is a technology that achieves safe mining by filling the goaf with waste rocks,tailings,and other materials.It is an inevitable choice to deal with the development of deep and highly difficult mines and meet the requirements of environmental protection and safety regulations.It promotes the development of a circular economy in mines through the development of lowgrade resources and the resource utilization of waste,and extends the service life of mines.The mass concentration of solid content(abbreviated as“concentration”)is a critical parameter for CPB.However,discrepancies often arise between the on-site measurements and the pre-designed values due to factors such as groundwater inflow and segregation within the goaf,which cannot be evaluated after the solidification of CPB.This paper innovatively provides an in-situ non-destructive approach to identify the real concentration of CPB after curing for certain days using hyperspectral imaging(HSI)technology.Initially,the spectral variation patterns under different concentration conditions were investigated through hyperspectral scanning experiments on CPB samples.The results demonstrate that as the CPB concentration increases from 61wt%to 73wt%,the overall spectral reflectance gradually increases,with two distinct absorption peaks observed at 1407 and 1917 nm.Notably,the reflectance at 1407 nm exhibited a strong linear relationship with the concentration.Subsequently,the K-nearest neighbors(KNN)and support vector machine(SVM)algorithms were employed to classify and identify different concentrations.The study revealed that,with the KNN algorithm,the highest accuracy was achieved when K(number of nearest neighbors)was 1,although this resulted in overfitting.When K=3,the model displayed the optimal balance between accuracy and stability,with an accuracy of 95.03%.In the SVM algorithm,the highest accuracy of 98.24%was attained with parameters C(regularization parameter)=200 and Gamma(kernel coefficient)=10.A comparative analysis of precision,accuracy,and recall further highlighted that the SVM provided superior stability and precision for identifying CPB concentration.Thus,HSI technology offers an effective solution for the in-situ,non-destructive monitoring of CPB concentration,presenting a promising approach for optimizing and controlling CPB characteristic parameters.展开更多
Wide-field mesoscopy provides the capabilities of cortex-wide field of view(FOV),cellular resolution and high frame rate for neuronal imaging in the mouse brain.However,inherent background fluorescence degrades the im...Wide-field mesoscopy provides the capabilities of cortex-wide field of view(FOV),cellular resolution and high frame rate for neuronal imaging in the mouse brain.However,inherent background fluorescence degrades the image quality and hinders neuronal signal extraction.To address this problem,we first introduce a cortex-wide,high-resolution lineillumination mesoscope with a moving slit designed for in vivo mouse brain imaging.This system achieves a 6.6×6.6 mm FOV,microscale cellular resolution,a high frame rate of 10 Hz,as well as the background rejection ability.Furthermore,we integrated patterned illumination into the system to enhance the background suppression.Experimental results show that the proposed system successfully captures neurodynamics in the living mouse brain.Compared with conventional wide-field mesoscopes,the cortex-wide patterned line-illumination mesoscope(PLIM)achieves a threefold increase in the signal-to-background ratio(SBR).With patterned illumination integrated,the SBR enhancement further reaches four-anda-half-fold.展开更多
Conventional ultrasound(US)evaluation of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis(PsA)is limited by its inability to quantify metabolic alterations such as hypoxia,a key driver of disease activity.We introduce an oxygenation...Conventional ultrasound(US)evaluation of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis(PsA)is limited by its inability to quantify metabolic alterations such as hypoxia,a key driver of disease activity.We introduce an oxygenation-integrated multimodal photoacoustic/ultrasound(PA/US)imaging framework designed to quantify entheseal oxygen saturation(SO_(2))for assessing entheseal disease activity in PsA.In this cross-sectional study,25 PsA patients underwent bilateral PA/US imaging of 12 entheses,where ultrasound lesions were scored using the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology scoring system,and PA-derived SO_(2) levels,quantified via dual-wavelength PA imaging,were classified into hyperoxia or hypoxia groups using k-means clustering.This approach provides metabolic insights complementary to conventional ultrasonic assessment.A composite score integrating hypoxia with US parameters was validated against clinical disease activity indices(Disease Activity Score 28-C-reactive protein,DAS28-CRP;Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis,DAPSA).Among 300 entheses,103(34.3%)exhibited PA positivity,with 40(38.8%)classified as hypoxia.Hypoxia scores independently predicted DAS28-CRP(β=0.618,p=0.001)and DAPSA(β=0.612,p<0:001).The hypoxia-optimized PAUS score demonstrated superior correlation with disease activity indices compared to conventional US(DAS28-CRP:r=0.615,p=0.001 versus r=0.474,p=0.017;DAPSA:r=0.743,p<0:001 versus r=0.567,p=0.003),alongside superior diagnostic accuracy for minimal disease activity(area under the curve,AUC 0.776 versus 0.614,p=0.008)and low disease activity(AUC 0.853 versus 0.772,p=0.009).This multimodal scoring system enhances the stratification of PsA disease activity by providing unique metabolic insights,offering a potential tool for therapeutic monitoring and guiding treat-to-target strategies.展开更多
Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2(Trop2)has been widely characterized as a clinically significant pan-cancer biomarker expressed in various tumors,significantly impacting tumor growth,invasion,and metastasis.In this ...Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2(Trop2)has been widely characterized as a clinically significant pan-cancer biomarker expressed in various tumors,significantly impacting tumor growth,invasion,and metastasis.In this study,we develop Trop2 targeting peptide-based radiotracer[^(68)Ga]Ga-NOTA-GL10 for accurately detecting the Trop2 expression levels through positron emission tomography(PET)imaging.The Trop2-targeting peptide GL10 was rationally designed through computational methods based on the T2-2 peptide,and conjugated with the 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N′,N″-triacetic acid(NOTA)chelator to synthesize the precursor NOTA-GL10 with nanomolar affinity for Trop2(K_(D)=12.9 nM).The radiosynthesis of[^(68)Ga]Ga-NOTA-GL10 was achieved via conventional methods with high radiochemical yield(RCY),good stability,and favorable pharmacokinetics.Dynamic PET imaging revealed that the tracer presented a significantly higher tumor uptake((5.03±0.49)%ID/mL)and tumor-to-muscle ratio(4.44±0.30)in Trop2-positive BxPC-3 xenografts compared to that in Trop2-negative PANC-1 xenografts((1.41±0.13)%ID/mL,1.23±0.27).Moreover,near-infrared(NIR)fluorescence imaging of the probe ICG-GL10 further confirmed the ability of GL10 to specifically target Trop2-positive tumors.The peptide-based Trop2 targeting radiotracer[^(68)Ga]Ga-NOTA-GL10 demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity in detecting Trop2 expression,which revealed the potential of Trop2-based non-invasive imaging for cancer diagnosis.展开更多
Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is one of the most widely used diagnostic techniques.Iron oxide nanoparticles,as a promising kind of contrast agents,have attracted intense research interest due to their low toxicity an...Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is one of the most widely used diagnostic techniques.Iron oxide nanoparticles,as a promising kind of contrast agents,have attracted intense research interest due to their low toxicity and superparamagnetism.However,it is still a great challenge to prepare ideal iron oxide based contrast agents with high uniformity,excellent water solubility and biocompatibility.In this paper,a novel water-soluble polymer ligand pentaerythritol tetrakis 3-mercaptopropionate-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)(PTMP-PVP)was used as a capping reagent to prepare iron oxide nanoparticles MIONs@PTMP-PVP through one-step co-precipitation of iron precursors in aqueous solution at 100℃.The obtained nanoparticles MIONs@PTMP-PVP had a small size and narrow size distribution,and they were found to be biocompatible as determined through CCK-8 assay and histology analysis.In vivo MRI study demonstrated that the obtained MIONs@PTMP-PVP can be potentially used as an effective T_(2)-weighted MRI contrast agent.展开更多
We present a prototype for hybrid Compton and positron emission tomography(PET)imaging aimed at enhancing data utilization and enabling concurrent imaging of multiple radiopharmaceuticals.The prototype comprises two d...We present a prototype for hybrid Compton and positron emission tomography(PET)imaging aimed at enhancing data utilization and enabling concurrent imaging of multiple radiopharmaceuticals.The prototype comprises two detectors that utilize LYSO-SiPM and were available in our laboratory.One detector consists of a 50×50 array of LYSO crystals,each measuring 0.9mm×0.9mm×10mm with 1 mm pitches,whereas the other detector comprises a 25×25 array of LYSO crystals,each measuring 1.9mm×1.9mm×10mm with 2 mm pitches.These detectors are mounted on a rotational stage,which enables them to function as either a Compton camera or a PET detector pair.The 64-channel signals from the SiPMs of each detector are processed through a capacitive multiplexing circuit to yield four position-weighted outputs.Distinct energy windows were used to discriminate Compton events from PET events.Energy resolution and energy-channel relationships were calibrated via multiple sources.The measured average energy resolutions(full widths at half maximum,FWHMs)for the detectors at 511 keV were 17.5%and 15.2%,respectively.The initial experimental results indicate an angular resolution(FWHM)of 8.6◦for the system in Compton imaging mode.A V-shaped tube injected with 18 F solution was clearly reconstructed,which further verified the imaging capabilities of the system in Compton imaging mode.The results of simulation and experimental imaging studies show that the system can detect tumors as small as 1 mm in diameter when working in PET imaging mode.Mouse bone PET imaging was successfully conducted,with the results matching well with the corresponding CT images.This technology holds great potential for advancing the development of physiological function modalities.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)face significant challenges in achieving reversibility and cycling stability,primarily due to hydrogen evolution reactions(HER)and zinc dendrite growth.In this study,by employing car...Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)face significant challenges in achieving reversibility and cycling stability,primarily due to hydrogen evolution reactions(HER)and zinc dendrite growth.In this study,by employing carefully designed cells that approximate the structural characteristics of practical batteries,we revisit this widely held view through in-operando X-ray radiography to examine zinc dendrite formation and HER under nearpractical operating conditions.While conventional understanding emphasizes the severity of these processes,our findings suggest that zinc dendrites and HER are noticeably less pronounced in dense,real-operation configurations compared to modified cells,possibly due to a more uniform electric field and the suppression of triple-phase boundaries.This study indicates that other components,such as degradation at the cathode current collector interface and configuration mismatches within the full cell,may also represent important barriers to the practical application of AZMBs,particularly during the early stages of electrodeposition.展开更多
Microwave ablation(MWA)is a minimally invasive technique for treating hepatic tumors,necessitating precise monitoring to ensure treatment efficacy and minimize damage to surrounding tissues.This study explores the pot...Microwave ablation(MWA)is a minimally invasive technique for treating hepatic tumors,necessitating precise monitoring to ensure treatment efficacy and minimize damage to surrounding tissues.This study explores the potential of photoacoustic imaging(PAI)in monitoring MWA by examining ex vivo porcine liver tissues.In this study,a comprehensive analysis of photoacoustic signals was performed to compare the main lobe width(MLW)between ablated and normal regions in porcine liver tissue.Histological staining with succinate dehydrogenase(SDH)and shear wave elastography(SWE)were employed to validate the changes in tissue elasticity after ablation.The analysis demonstrated a notable reduction in the MLW of the average A-lines in ablated tissues compared to nonablated regions(p<0.01).This reduction,attributed to increased tissue density and enhanced elasticity,indicates accelerated sound propagation in thermally ablated areas,which then serves as a critical parameter for mapping tissue characteristics.The reconstruction of the MLW distribution successfully delineated the ablated regions,and was consistent with the results of SDH staining and SWE.In addition,MLW-based imaging exhibited higher spatial resolution compared to SWE.Incorporating MLW analysis into PAI may be a promising strategy to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of MWA monitoring in clinical settings.展开更多
Adjuvants enhance and prolong the immune response to therapeutic agents,such as drugs and vaccines.However,conventional adjuvants have limitations in terms of immune specificity and duration.Nanoadjuvants can leverage...Adjuvants enhance and prolong the immune response to therapeutic agents,such as drugs and vaccines.However,conventional adjuvants have limitations in terms of immune specificity and duration.Nanoadjuvants can leverage their nanoscale size to increase the capture efficacy of antigens by antigen-presenting cells and improve immunogen presentation for targeted delivery.Furthermore,noninvasive visualization of bifunctional nanoadjuvants with integrated efficacy and imaging postdelivery can provide insights into in vivo distribution and performance,aiding in the optimization and design of new dosage forms.This review systematically summarizes the structure,assembly,and function of nanoadjuvants alongside contrast agents.It delves into the impact of complex structures formed by nanoadjuvant-contrast agent interactions on antigen presentation,migration,imaging tracking,and visualization of immune cell recruitment.It also discusses how imaging can determine optimal immune intervals,vaccine safety,and toxicity while enabling diagnostic and therapeutic integration.Moreover,this paper discusses potential applications of novel adjuvants and promising imaging technologies that could have implications for future vaccine and drug development endeavors.展开更多
文摘Background:Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the ureter(SCU)is a highly aggressive and relatively uncommon malignant tumor of the urinary tract.Its frequency is quite low,and its prognosis is very bad when compared to other cancers of the urinary system.SCU clinical reports are still hard to come by.MRI and PEI/CT imaging of ureteral sarcomatoid cancer is presented in this case to promote diagnostic awareness and comprehension of the imaging characteristics of this uncommon illness.Method:The patient had ureteral sarcomatoid cancer,which was verified by pathological investigation after ureteroscopic biopsy.The patient’s clinical information,imaging results,surgical outcomes,and pathological findings were gathered.A retrospective study was carried out in combinationwith pertinent national and international literature.Results:An 84-year-old female patient was admitted for“left flank discomfort lasting over one month.”MRI revealed an irregular soft tissue mass in the middle-lower segment of the left ureter.T2-weighted imaging showed an unevenly slightly hyperintense signal.Diffusion-weighted imaging demonstrated restricted diffusion.Contrastenhanced imaging exhibited heterogeneous enhancement.PET/CT demonstrated significantly increased fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism in the mass with secondary left upper urinary tract obstruction.Concurrent findings included a solitary metastatic lesion in hepatic segment S6 and multiple lymph node metastases along the left common iliac and external iliac arteries.Preoperative diagnosis suggested a malignant tumor of the ureter.The patient underwent left nephroureteroscopy with biopsy,and the postoperative pathological diagnosis was ureteral sarcomatoid carcinoma.Conclusion:Ureteral sarcomatoid carcinoma is a rare,highly malignant,and aggressive tumor with nonspecific imaging features,typically presenting as an invasively growing mass.Diagnosis relies on postoperative pathology and immunohistochemical examination.MRI and PET/CT scans are valuable for preoperative localization and characterization,tumor staging,treatment planning,and postoperative follow-up.The prognosis is extremely negative.The main treatment option is radical surgery,although constant monitoring is necessary since early recurrence and metastases are frequent after surgery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82372116,U23A2097)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515010620)+2 种基金Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(Nos.B2302047,A2302047)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20220818095806014)Research Team Cultivation Program of Shenzhen University(No.2023QNT019).
文摘The level of glutathione(GSH)is significantly associated with numerous pathological processes,thus,real-time detection of the GSH level is of significance for early diagnosis of GSH-related diseases.Herein,we developed in vivo second near-infrared(NIR-II)window fluorescence(FL)and ratiometric photoacoustic(RPA)dual-modality imaging of GSH using a GSH-activatable probe(LET-14).LET-14 was synthesized based on a rhodamine hybrid xanthene skeleton with a FL shielding 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonyl group that can be specifically cleaved by GSH,thus resulting in a markedly bathochromic-shift absorption,a 6.5-fold increase in NIR-II FL intensity(FL920)and a 13-fold increase in RPA signal(PA880/PA705)in vitro.Intriguingly,LET-14 exhibits good selectivity and sensitivity for NIR-II FL and RPA dual-modality imaging of GSH in 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model.Our findings develop an in vivo detection tool of GSH,which has great potential in the field of cancer diagnosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12572210)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of Shenzhen University (Grant Nos.2023YQ011,2024YQ001)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission Project—Stable Support (General Project)(Grant No.20231120175055001)。
文摘Vascular abnormalities are closely associated with the pathogenesis and progression of numerous diseases, such as thrombosis, tumors, and diabetes. Blood flow velocity serves as a critical biomarker for evaluating perfusion status. Quantitative detection of full-field blood flow variations in lesion areas holds significant scientific and clinical value for pathological studies,diagnosis, and intraoperative monitoring of related diseases. While laser speckle contrast imaging(LSCI) enables full-field blood flow visualization, its reliance on frame-based sensors necessitates handling massive data volumes, leading to inherent trade-offs among spatiotemporal resolution, real-time performance, and quantitative capabilities. Leveraging the asynchronous dynamic sensing, high temporal sampling rate, and low data redundancy of event cameras, this study proposes a quantitative blood flow imaging method termed laser speckle event imaging(LSEI). Experiments using off-the-shelf event cameras demonstrate that LSEI achieves real-time blood flow imaging with minimal computational overhead compared to frame-based LSCI. Furthermore,we investigate the relationship between event data streams and flow velocity through spatial-temporal autocorrelation analysis,enabling quantitative measurements without compromising temporal or spatial resolution. In in vivo imaging experiments of mouse ear blood flow, LSEI exhibits superior imaging details and real-time performance over conventional methods. The proposed approach holds promise as an efficient tool for diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, and research on vascular-related diseases.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2402400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82027803,62275062)+7 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology(2020B121201010)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee under Grant(JCYJ20220818101417039)the Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular lmaging(ZDSY20130401165820357)the Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(D2404002)the Project of Shandong Innovation and Startup Community of High-end Medical Apparatus and Instruments(2023-SGTTXM-002 and 2024-SGTTXM-005)the Shandong Province Technology Innovation Guidance Plan(Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund)(YDZX2023115)the Taishan Scholar Special Funding Project of Shandong Provinceand the Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials and Medical Devices in Weihai(ZL202402).
文摘The photoacoustic imaging of lipid is intrinsically constrained by the feeble nature of endogenous lipid signals,posing a persistent sensitivity challenge that demands innovative solutions.Although adopting high-efficiency excitation and detection elements may improve the imaging sensitivity to a certain extent,the application of the elements is inevitably subject to various limitations in practical applications,particularly during in vivo imaging and endoscopic imaging.In this study,we propose a multi-combinatorial approach to enhance the sensitivity of lipid photoacoustic imaging.The approach involves wavelet transform processing of one-dimensional A-line signals,gradient-based denoising of two-dimensional B-scan images,and finally,threedimensional spatial weighted averaging of the data processed by the previous two steps.This method not only significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)in distinguished feature regions of the image by around 10 dB,but also efficiently extracts weak signals with no distinct features in the original image.After processing with this method,the images acquired under single scanning were compared with those obtained under multiple scanning.The results showed highly consistent image features,with the structural similarity index increasing from 0.2 to 0.8,confirming the accuracy and reliability of the multi-combinatorial approach.
基金supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)(grant number IMSIU-DDRSP2601).
文摘Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have become valuable tools in medical imaging,enabling realistic image synthesis for enhancement,augmentation,and restoration.However,their integration into clinical workflows raises concerns,particularly the risk of subtle distortions or hallucinations that may undermine diagnostic accuracy and weaken trust in AI-assisted decision-making.To address this challenge,we propose a hybrid deep learning framework designed to detect GAN-induced artifacts in medical images,thereby reinforcing the reliability of AI-driven diagnostics.The framework integrates low-level statistical descriptors,including high-frequency residuals and Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix(GLCM)texture features,with high-level semantic representations extracted from a pre-trained ResNet18.This dual-stream approach enables detection of both pixel-level anomalies and structural inconsistencies introduced by GAN-based manipulation.We validated the framework on a curated dataset of 10,000 medical images,evenly split between authentic and GAN-generated samples across four modalities:MRI,CT,X-ray,and fundus photography.To improve generalizability to real-world clinical settings,we incorporated domain adaptation strategies such as adversarial training and style transfer,reducing domain shift by 15%.Experimental results demonstrate robust performance,achieving 92.6%accuracy and an F1-score of 0.91 on synthetic test data,and maintaining strong performance on real-world GAN-modified images with 87.3%accuracy and an F1-score of 0.85.Additionally,the model attained an AUC of 0.96 and an average precision of 0.92,outperforming conventional GAN detection pipelines and baseline Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures.These findings establish the proposed framework as an effective and reliable solution for detecting GAN-induced hallucinations in medical imaging,representing an important step toward building trustworthy and clinically deployable AI systems.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipality(No.21ZR1440500)the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.21S31902700).
文摘In recent years,the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence(AI)technology has enabled AI-assisted negative screening to significantly enhance physicians'efficiency through image feature analysis and multimodal data modeling,allowing them to focus more on diagnosing positive cases.Meanwhile,multispectral imaging(MSI)integrates spectral and spatial resolution to capture subtle tissue features invisible to the human eye,providing high-resolution data support for pathological analysis.Combining AI technology with MSI and employing quantitative methods to analyze multiband biomarkers(such as absorbance differences in keratin pearls)can effectively improve diagnostic specificity and reduce subjective errors in manual slide interpretation.To address the challenge of identifying negative tissue sections,we developed a discrimination algorithm powered by MSI.We demonstrated its efficacy using cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(cSCC)as a representative case study.The algorithm achieved 100%accuracy in excluding negative cases and effectively mitigated the false-positive problem caused by cSCC heterogeneity.We constructed a multispectral image(MSI)dataset acquired at 520 nm,600 nm,and 630 nm wavelengths.Subsequently,we employed an optimized MobileViT model for tissue classification and performed comparative analyses against other models.The experimental results showed that our optimized MobileViT model achieved superior performance in identifying negative tissue sections,with a perfect accuracy rate of 100%.Thus,our results confirm the feasibility of integrating MSI with AI to exclude negative cases with perfect accuracy,offering a novel solution to alleviate the workload of pathologists.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2421003/22327802/41806142)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Foundation(2025A1515011484/2022A1515011845)+1 种基金Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics(ZDSYS20210623092006020)Medical-Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Foundation of Shenzhen University(2023YG033).
文摘Optical imaging has been pivotal in biological research(e.g.,cellular/developmental biology)for over two centuries.Recent advances like super-resolution fluorescence and nonlinear optical microscopy enable nanoscale studies of live cells and animals,yet their application to marine mollusks-key marine ecosystem species,remains underexplored.This review summarizes optical imaging techniques and their use in investigating marine mollusks across molecular,cellular,tissue,and individual levels.It highlights promising avenues for novel imaging methods to unravel the structures and functions of these organisms in future research,with a focus on advancements in applying cutting-edge optical techniques across these hierarchical levels.Given optical imaging's significance in elucidating marine mollusks'ecological and genetic information,this field deserves substantial attention and support.The review aims to address existing gaps,providing researchers and practitioners with comprehensive insights to foster further progress in this domain.
基金support received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U24A2079).
文摘Carbon dots(CDs),a class of emerging fluorescent nanomaterials,have garnered notable attention in the biomedical field owing to their outstanding photoluminescence properties,excellent biocompatibility,and ease of synthesis and functionalization.Recently,numerous CDs have been developed that allow precise subcellular localization through surface modifications or covalent conjugation with targeting ligands such as peptides,small molecules,Golgi-specific agents,and cell membrane-specific agents.This review begins with an overview of the synthesis strategies of CDs,highlighting their exceptional optical properties,stability,biocompatibility,and significance for subcellular imaging.The mechanisms by which CDs target specific organelles,including the nucleus,mitochondrion,lysosomes,Golgi apparatus,and cell membrane,are discussed.These mechanisms include specific targeting molecules,pH-sensitive targeting,charge-driven interactions,and hydrophobic and hydrophilic dynamics.Furthermore,we summarize their applications in subcellular imaging,such as the long-term dynamic monitoring of organelles,sensing,reactive oxygen species scavenging,and therapy.By presenting a comprehensive review of CDs in subcellular imaging,we aim to pave the way for further development of CDs in bioimaging and related biomedical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62473082,82202250,82121003,62036003,and 62333003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYGX2022YGRH008 and ZYGX2024XJ054)the Medical-Engineering Cooperation Funds from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(ZYGX2021YGLH201).
文摘The brain atlas,or parcellation-delineating spatial partitions,organizes the brain's structure and function[1].The spatial arrangements of highly heterogeneous landscapes represent specialized functional regions for investigating their interactions.Early efforts to parcellate the mammalian brain,using histological cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture,as well as recent in vivo magnetic resonance imaging(MRl)[2,3],have primarily involved cortical areas,subcortical structures,and cerebellar nuclei.Human brain parcellations primarily focus on grey matter(GM),which purposefully excludes white matter(WM),hindering the development of next-generation brain atlases.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52474165 and 52522404)。
文摘Cemented paste backfill(CPB)is a technology that achieves safe mining by filling the goaf with waste rocks,tailings,and other materials.It is an inevitable choice to deal with the development of deep and highly difficult mines and meet the requirements of environmental protection and safety regulations.It promotes the development of a circular economy in mines through the development of lowgrade resources and the resource utilization of waste,and extends the service life of mines.The mass concentration of solid content(abbreviated as“concentration”)is a critical parameter for CPB.However,discrepancies often arise between the on-site measurements and the pre-designed values due to factors such as groundwater inflow and segregation within the goaf,which cannot be evaluated after the solidification of CPB.This paper innovatively provides an in-situ non-destructive approach to identify the real concentration of CPB after curing for certain days using hyperspectral imaging(HSI)technology.Initially,the spectral variation patterns under different concentration conditions were investigated through hyperspectral scanning experiments on CPB samples.The results demonstrate that as the CPB concentration increases from 61wt%to 73wt%,the overall spectral reflectance gradually increases,with two distinct absorption peaks observed at 1407 and 1917 nm.Notably,the reflectance at 1407 nm exhibited a strong linear relationship with the concentration.Subsequently,the K-nearest neighbors(KNN)and support vector machine(SVM)algorithms were employed to classify and identify different concentrations.The study revealed that,with the KNN algorithm,the highest accuracy was achieved when K(number of nearest neighbors)was 1,although this resulted in overfitting.When K=3,the model displayed the optimal balance between accuracy and stability,with an accuracy of 95.03%.In the SVM algorithm,the highest accuracy of 98.24%was attained with parameters C(regularization parameter)=200 and Gamma(kernel coefficient)=10.A comparative analysis of precision,accuracy,and recall further highlighted that the SVM provided superior stability and precision for identifying CPB concentration.Thus,HSI technology offers an effective solution for the in-situ,non-destructive monitoring of CPB concentration,presenting a promising approach for optimizing and controlling CPB characteristic parameters.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61971256)。
文摘Wide-field mesoscopy provides the capabilities of cortex-wide field of view(FOV),cellular resolution and high frame rate for neuronal imaging in the mouse brain.However,inherent background fluorescence degrades the image quality and hinders neuronal signal extraction.To address this problem,we first introduce a cortex-wide,high-resolution lineillumination mesoscope with a moving slit designed for in vivo mouse brain imaging.This system achieves a 6.6×6.6 mm FOV,microscale cellular resolution,a high frame rate of 10 Hz,as well as the background rejection ability.Furthermore,we integrated patterned illumination into the system to enhance the background suppression.Experimental results show that the proposed system successfully captures neurodynamics in the living mouse brain.Compared with conventional wide-field mesoscopes,the cortex-wide patterned line-illumination mesoscope(PLIM)achieves a threefold increase in the signal-to-background ratio(SBR).With patterned illumination integrated,the SBR enhancement further reaches four-anda-half-fold.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62325112)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2411700,2023YFC2411705)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A2023)the National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-C-009,2022-PUMCH-B-064,2022-PUMCH-D-002)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2014CB541801).
文摘Conventional ultrasound(US)evaluation of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis(PsA)is limited by its inability to quantify metabolic alterations such as hypoxia,a key driver of disease activity.We introduce an oxygenation-integrated multimodal photoacoustic/ultrasound(PA/US)imaging framework designed to quantify entheseal oxygen saturation(SO_(2))for assessing entheseal disease activity in PsA.In this cross-sectional study,25 PsA patients underwent bilateral PA/US imaging of 12 entheses,where ultrasound lesions were scored using the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology scoring system,and PA-derived SO_(2) levels,quantified via dual-wavelength PA imaging,were classified into hyperoxia or hypoxia groups using k-means clustering.This approach provides metabolic insights complementary to conventional ultrasonic assessment.A composite score integrating hypoxia with US parameters was validated against clinical disease activity indices(Disease Activity Score 28-C-reactive protein,DAS28-CRP;Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis,DAPSA).Among 300 entheses,103(34.3%)exhibited PA positivity,with 40(38.8%)classified as hypoxia.Hypoxia scores independently predicted DAS28-CRP(β=0.618,p=0.001)and DAPSA(β=0.612,p<0:001).The hypoxia-optimized PAUS score demonstrated superior correlation with disease activity indices compared to conventional US(DAS28-CRP:r=0.615,p=0.001 versus r=0.474,p=0.017;DAPSA:r=0.743,p<0:001 versus r=0.567,p=0.003),alongside superior diagnostic accuracy for minimal disease activity(area under the curve,AUC 0.776 versus 0.614,p=0.008)and low disease activity(AUC 0.853 versus 0.772,p=0.009).This multimodal scoring system enhances the stratification of PsA disease activity by providing unique metabolic insights,offering a potential tool for therapeutic monitoring and guiding treat-to-target strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22407052)the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation(BK20240300)+4 种基金the Scientific Research Project of Jiangsu Commission of Health(MQ2024007,H2023150,K2024007)the Wuxi Science and Technology Development Fund(K20241060)the Major Project of Wuxi Municipal Health Commission(Z202303)the Wuxi Association for Science and Technology(TJXD-2024-102)the Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through Science,Technology and Education(ZDXYS202211)。
文摘Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2(Trop2)has been widely characterized as a clinically significant pan-cancer biomarker expressed in various tumors,significantly impacting tumor growth,invasion,and metastasis.In this study,we develop Trop2 targeting peptide-based radiotracer[^(68)Ga]Ga-NOTA-GL10 for accurately detecting the Trop2 expression levels through positron emission tomography(PET)imaging.The Trop2-targeting peptide GL10 was rationally designed through computational methods based on the T2-2 peptide,and conjugated with the 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N′,N″-triacetic acid(NOTA)chelator to synthesize the precursor NOTA-GL10 with nanomolar affinity for Trop2(K_(D)=12.9 nM).The radiosynthesis of[^(68)Ga]Ga-NOTA-GL10 was achieved via conventional methods with high radiochemical yield(RCY),good stability,and favorable pharmacokinetics.Dynamic PET imaging revealed that the tracer presented a significantly higher tumor uptake((5.03±0.49)%ID/mL)and tumor-to-muscle ratio(4.44±0.30)in Trop2-positive BxPC-3 xenografts compared to that in Trop2-negative PANC-1 xenografts((1.41±0.13)%ID/mL,1.23±0.27).Moreover,near-infrared(NIR)fluorescence imaging of the probe ICG-GL10 further confirmed the ability of GL10 to specifically target Trop2-positive tumors.The peptide-based Trop2 targeting radiotracer[^(68)Ga]Ga-NOTA-GL10 demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity in detecting Trop2 expression,which revealed the potential of Trop2-based non-invasive imaging for cancer diagnosis.
基金financially supported by the International Cooperation Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Hubei Province(No.2023EHA069)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20230807143702005)National Foreign Experts Program(No.G2022027015L)。
文摘Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is one of the most widely used diagnostic techniques.Iron oxide nanoparticles,as a promising kind of contrast agents,have attracted intense research interest due to their low toxicity and superparamagnetism.However,it is still a great challenge to prepare ideal iron oxide based contrast agents with high uniformity,excellent water solubility and biocompatibility.In this paper,a novel water-soluble polymer ligand pentaerythritol tetrakis 3-mercaptopropionate-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)(PTMP-PVP)was used as a capping reagent to prepare iron oxide nanoparticles MIONs@PTMP-PVP through one-step co-precipitation of iron precursors in aqueous solution at 100℃.The obtained nanoparticles MIONs@PTMP-PVP had a small size and narrow size distribution,and they were found to be biocompatible as determined through CCK-8 assay and histology analysis.In vivo MRI study demonstrated that the obtained MIONs@PTMP-PVP can be potentially used as an effective T_(2)-weighted MRI contrast agent.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12105018)the Beijing Nova Program(Nos.Z211100002121129 and 20230484413)the Beijing Normal University Start-up Grant(No.312232104).
文摘We present a prototype for hybrid Compton and positron emission tomography(PET)imaging aimed at enhancing data utilization and enabling concurrent imaging of multiple radiopharmaceuticals.The prototype comprises two detectors that utilize LYSO-SiPM and were available in our laboratory.One detector consists of a 50×50 array of LYSO crystals,each measuring 0.9mm×0.9mm×10mm with 1 mm pitches,whereas the other detector comprises a 25×25 array of LYSO crystals,each measuring 1.9mm×1.9mm×10mm with 2 mm pitches.These detectors are mounted on a rotational stage,which enables them to function as either a Compton camera or a PET detector pair.The 64-channel signals from the SiPMs of each detector are processed through a capacitive multiplexing circuit to yield four position-weighted outputs.Distinct energy windows were used to discriminate Compton events from PET events.Energy resolution and energy-channel relationships were calibrated via multiple sources.The measured average energy resolutions(full widths at half maximum,FWHMs)for the detectors at 511 keV were 17.5%and 15.2%,respectively.The initial experimental results indicate an angular resolution(FWHM)of 8.6◦for the system in Compton imaging mode.A V-shaped tube injected with 18 F solution was clearly reconstructed,which further verified the imaging capabilities of the system in Compton imaging mode.The results of simulation and experimental imaging studies show that the system can detect tumors as small as 1 mm in diameter when working in PET imaging mode.Mouse bone PET imaging was successfully conducted,with the results matching well with the corresponding CT images.This technology holds great potential for advancing the development of physiological function modalities.
基金the fundamental Research Funds for the central Universities(x2wjD2240360)for the funding supportMeanwhile,Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC,EP/V027433/3)+2 种基金UK Research and Innovation(UKRI)under the UK government’s Horizon Europe funding(101077226,EP/Y008707/1)Faraday Institution(EP/S003053/1)Degradation project(FIRG001),Royal Society(IEC\NSFC\233361),QUB Agility Fund and Wright Technology and Research Centre(W-Tech,R5240MEE)Funding from UK aid from the UK Government through the Faraday Institution and the Transforming Energy Access Programme(Grant number FIRG050-Device engineering of Zn-based hybrid micro-flow batteries and by-product H2 collection for Emerging Economies)。
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)face significant challenges in achieving reversibility and cycling stability,primarily due to hydrogen evolution reactions(HER)and zinc dendrite growth.In this study,by employing carefully designed cells that approximate the structural characteristics of practical batteries,we revisit this widely held view through in-operando X-ray radiography to examine zinc dendrite formation and HER under nearpractical operating conditions.While conventional understanding emphasizes the severity of these processes,our findings suggest that zinc dendrites and HER are noticeably less pronounced in dense,real-operation configurations compared to modified cells,possibly due to a more uniform electric field and the suppression of triple-phase boundaries.This study indicates that other components,such as degradation at the cathode current collector interface and configuration mismatches within the full cell,may also represent important barriers to the practical application of AZMBs,particularly during the early stages of electrodeposition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82427808,61875085)the Jiangsu Provincial University Natural Science Foundation(25KJB413004)+1 种基金the Nanjing Health Science and Technology Development Foundation(ZKX24043)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(NJ2024029).
文摘Microwave ablation(MWA)is a minimally invasive technique for treating hepatic tumors,necessitating precise monitoring to ensure treatment efficacy and minimize damage to surrounding tissues.This study explores the potential of photoacoustic imaging(PAI)in monitoring MWA by examining ex vivo porcine liver tissues.In this study,a comprehensive analysis of photoacoustic signals was performed to compare the main lobe width(MLW)between ablated and normal regions in porcine liver tissue.Histological staining with succinate dehydrogenase(SDH)and shear wave elastography(SWE)were employed to validate the changes in tissue elasticity after ablation.The analysis demonstrated a notable reduction in the MLW of the average A-lines in ablated tissues compared to nonablated regions(p<0.01).This reduction,attributed to increased tissue density and enhanced elasticity,indicates accelerated sound propagation in thermally ablated areas,which then serves as a critical parameter for mapping tissue characteristics.The reconstruction of the MLW distribution successfully delineated the ablated regions,and was consistent with the results of SDH staining and SWE.In addition,MLW-based imaging exhibited higher spatial resolution compared to SWE.Incorporating MLW analysis into PAI may be a promising strategy to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of MWA monitoring in clinical settings.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Project of China(Nos.2022YFC2304205,2022YFC2304202)Key scientific research project of universities in Guangdong Province(No.2023KCXTD026)the Major Project of Guangzhou National Laboratory(No.GZNL2023A03002).
文摘Adjuvants enhance and prolong the immune response to therapeutic agents,such as drugs and vaccines.However,conventional adjuvants have limitations in terms of immune specificity and duration.Nanoadjuvants can leverage their nanoscale size to increase the capture efficacy of antigens by antigen-presenting cells and improve immunogen presentation for targeted delivery.Furthermore,noninvasive visualization of bifunctional nanoadjuvants with integrated efficacy and imaging postdelivery can provide insights into in vivo distribution and performance,aiding in the optimization and design of new dosage forms.This review systematically summarizes the structure,assembly,and function of nanoadjuvants alongside contrast agents.It delves into the impact of complex structures formed by nanoadjuvant-contrast agent interactions on antigen presentation,migration,imaging tracking,and visualization of immune cell recruitment.It also discusses how imaging can determine optimal immune intervals,vaccine safety,and toxicity while enabling diagnostic and therapeutic integration.Moreover,this paper discusses potential applications of novel adjuvants and promising imaging technologies that could have implications for future vaccine and drug development endeavors.
