Electric Vehicle Charging Systems(EVCS)are increasingly vulnerable to cybersecurity threats as they integrate deeply into smart grids and Internet ofThings(IoT)environments,raising significant security challenges.Most...Electric Vehicle Charging Systems(EVCS)are increasingly vulnerable to cybersecurity threats as they integrate deeply into smart grids and Internet ofThings(IoT)environments,raising significant security challenges.Most existing research primarily emphasizes network-level anomaly detection,leaving critical vulnerabilities at the host level underexplored.This study introduces a novel forensic analysis framework leveraging host-level data,including system logs,kernel events,and Hardware Performance Counters(HPC),to detect and analyze sophisticated cyberattacks such as cryptojacking,Denial-of-Service(DoS),and reconnaissance activities targeting EVCS.Using comprehensive forensic analysis and machine learning models,the proposed framework significantly outperforms existing methods,achieving an accuracy of 98.81%.The findings offer insights into distinct behavioral signatures associated with specific cyber threats,enabling improved cybersecurity strategies and actionable recommendations for robust EVCS infrastructure protection.展开更多
Plant roots interact with diverse fungi that are essential for maintaining the productivity and sustainability of pasture ecosystems,but how these root-associated fungi(RAF)differ between forage species and how they r...Plant roots interact with diverse fungi that are essential for maintaining the productivity and sustainability of pasture ecosystems,but how these root-associated fungi(RAF)differ between forage species and how they respond to nutrient enrichment and fungicide application are not well understood.Here,we constructed an 11-year experiment involving fungicide application(with or without)nested within four levels of experimental nitrogen(N)addition treatments in an alpine pasture,and the RAF communities,root traits,tissue nutrients,and shoot biomass of two dominant forage species(Carex capillifolia and Elymus nutans)were analyzed.The RAF community composition showed striking differences between the plant species and was strongly affected by both N addition level and fungicide applications.Fungicide,but not N application,dramatically reduced the RAF richness of all functional guilds in both plant species,and fungicide also simplified the co-occurrence network of the RAF for C.capillifolia.The RAF community correlated strongly with root traits,whereas their relationships became weakened or even vanished at the level of the individual plant species.The importance of RAF to plant nutrients and productivity varied between plant species,with significant contributions in C.capillifolia but not in E.nutans.This is the first report elucidating the long-term effect of fungicides on RAF in alpine pastures,and our findings emphasize the host-specific responses of RAF community structure and function to anthropogenic disturbances.展开更多
Despite their high theoretical capacity and energy density,lithiumsulfur(Li–S)batteries still face challenges such as soluble lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)shuttling and sluggish redox kinetics.In this work,we used a no...Despite their high theoretical capacity and energy density,lithiumsulfur(Li–S)batteries still face challenges such as soluble lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)shuttling and sluggish redox kinetics.In this work,we used a novel MoS_(2)-Mo_(2)C heterostructure anchored on a carbon sponge(CS)as a Li_(2)S host to solve these problems.A simple hydrothermal process following carbothermal reduction was used to construct the MoS_(2)-Mo_(2)C heterostructure,enabling control of the phases and integration of MoS_(2) and Mo_(2)C.Structural characterization confirmed the coherent interface of the heterostructure with a precise orientation relationship between the two phases and their uniform distribution.An evaluation of the adsorption and catalytic performance of the material showed that it has an exceptional LiPSs adsorption capacity with faster conversion from Li_(2)S_(4) to Li_(2)S_(2).Density functional theory calculations further confirmed these results.As a result,the cathode had a high initial discharge capacity of 693 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C and achieved stable cycling at 2 C for 500 cycles with a low decay rate of 0.107%per cycle.The heterostructure design,coupled with the macroporous CS framework,effectively prevented the shuttling and increased sulfur utilization,offering a promising way to produce practical high-energydensity Li–S batteries.展开更多
Fungi play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition,plant growth promotion,and the enhancement of resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses.However,studies on the fungal communities associated with peas (Pisum sativ...Fungi play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition,plant growth promotion,and the enhancement of resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses.However,studies on the fungal communities associated with peas (Pisum sativum L.) remain limited.In this study,we systematically investigated the ecological effects of host niches (soil,root,stem,leaf,and pod) and genotypes on the diversity and composition of fungal communities in peas using a multi-level approach that encompassed pattern recognition (β-diversity decomposition),mechanism validation (neutral community model testing),and dynamic tracking methods (migration pathway source-tracking).The results revealed that the dominant fungal phyla across niches and genotypes were Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,and Mortierellomycota,and the community structures of the soil–plant continuum were primarily determined by the pea niches rather than genotypes.β-diversity decomposition was largely attributed to species replacement rather than richness differences,indicating strong niche specificity and microbial replacement across microhabitats.Neutral model analysis revealed that stochastic processes influenced genotypeassociated communities,while deterministic processes played a dominant role in niche-based community assembly.Source-tracking analysis identified niche-to-niche fungal migration,with Erysiphe,Fusarium,Cephaliophora,Ascobolus,Alternaria,and Aspergillus as the key genera.Migration rates from exogenous to endogenous niches were low (1.3–61.5%),whereas those within exogenous (64.4–83.7%) or endogenous (73.9–96.4%) compartments were much higher,suggesting that the pea epidermis acts as a selective barrier that filters and enriches microbial communities prior to internal colonization.This study provides comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of host filtering,enrichment and microbial sourcing,which increases our understanding of the assembly rules of the pea-associated fungal microbiome.展开更多
Background:The Colorectal Cancer(CRC)pathogenesis and therapeutic efficacy are influenced by the gut microbiome,making it a promising biomarker for predicting treatment responses and adverse effects.This systematic re...Background:The Colorectal Cancer(CRC)pathogenesis and therapeutic efficacy are influenced by the gut microbiome,making it a promising biomarker for predicting treatment responses and adverse effects.This systematic review aims to outline the gut microbiome composition in individuals with CRC undergoing the same therapeutic regimen and evaluate interindividual microbiome profile variations to better understand how these differences may influence therapeutic outcomes.Methods:Key studies investigating the microbiome’s role in therapeutic approaches for CRC were searched in both PubMed and Cochrane databases on 12 and 22 March 2025,respectively.Eligible studies included free full-text English-language randomized clinical trials and human observational studies reporting on gut microbiome composition and treatment outcomes.RoB 2 and ROBINS-I were employed in the evaluation of bias for randomized trials and observational studies,respectively.Data extracted was narratively analyzed.Results:Six studies involving a total of 361 individuals were included.Therapeutic interventions,either standard treatments and/or those targeting the gut microbiome,generally increased probiotic taxa and reduced pro-carcinogenic bacteria.However,no consistent pattern of improved clinical outcomes was observed,suggesting that treatment mechanisms,the tumor’s nature,and individual characteristics play critical roles in microbiome modulation.Conclusion:The gut microbiome holds significant potential in clinical settings.Nonetheless,further research is needed to better understand its functional aspects and to consider the influence of treatment mechanisms,the tumor’s nature,and individual characteristics as modulators,in order to optimize clinical outcomes.展开更多
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)exciplexes,constituted of donor-acceptor moieties,have garnered mounting interest because of their promising potential to obtain high-performance electroluminescent device...Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)exciplexes,constituted of donor-acceptor moieties,have garnered mounting interest because of their promising potential to obtain high-performance electroluminescent devices.However,the moderate reverse intersystem crossing(RISC)of current reported exciplex systems and the lack of clear molecular design concepts to improve this situation have distinctly hindered the further use of exciplexes in organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).Herein,we conduct an exploration of exciplex systems founded upon[2,2]paracyclophane(PCP)-containing donor molecules and a triazine acceptor,which exhibit very fast RISC processes with a rate constant(k_(RISC))up to 8.3×10^(6) s^(-1)benefiting from the efficient interactions between the donor and acceptor fragments induced by the peripheral spatial-blocking of PCP group.Utilizing these deep-blue exciplexes as hosts and a multiple resonance(MR)molecule as emitter,pure-blue narrowband OLEDs with CIE coordinates of(0.124,0.137),a full-width at half-maximum(FWHM)of 23 nm,and a high external quantum efficiency(EQE)of around 30%are accessed.This study paves the way for developing blue OLEDs using PCP-based exciplex materials with an enhanced RISC process.展开更多
The gut microbiota:The human body is colonized by a diverse and complex microbial community–including bacteria,viruses,archaea,and unicellular eukaryotes–that plays a central role in human wellbeing.Indeed,microbiot...The gut microbiota:The human body is colonized by a diverse and complex microbial community–including bacteria,viruses,archaea,and unicellular eukaryotes–that plays a central role in human wellbeing.Indeed,microbiota is crucial for several functions,including host metabolism,physiology,maintenance of the intestinal epithelial integrity,nutrition,and immune function,earning it the designation of a“vital organ”(Guinane and Cotter,2013).展开更多
Luminescent metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have garnered significant attention due to their structural tunability and potential applications in solid-state lighting,bioimaging,sensing,anticounterfeiting,and other field...Luminescent metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have garnered significant attention due to their structural tunability and potential applications in solid-state lighting,bioimaging,sensing,anticounterfeiting,and other fields.Nevertheless,due to the tendency of1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid(BDC)to rotate within the framework,MOFs composed of it exhibit significant non-radiative energy dissipation and thus impair the emissive properties.In this study,efficient luminescence of MIL-140A nanocrystals(NCs)with BDC rotors as ligands is achieved by pressure treatment strategy.Pressure treatment effectively modulates the pore structure of the framework,enhancing the interactions between the N,N-dimethylformamide vip molecules and the BDC ligands.The enhanced host-vip interaction contributes to the structural rigidity of the MOF,thereby suppressing the rotation-induced excited-state energy loss.As a result,the pressure-treated MIL-140A NCs displayed bright blue-light emission,with the photoluminescence quantum yield increasing from an initial 6.8%to 69.2%.This study developed an effective strategy to improve the luminescence performance of rotor ligand MOFs,offers a new avenue for the rational design and synthesis of MOFs with superior luminescent properties.展开更多
The penetration rate of distributed generation is gradually increasing in the distribution system concerned.This is creating new problems and challenges in the planning and operation of the system.The intermittency an...The penetration rate of distributed generation is gradually increasing in the distribution system concerned.This is creating new problems and challenges in the planning and operation of the system.The intermittency and variability of power outputs from numerous distributed renewable generators could significantly jeopardize the secure operation of the distribution system.Therefore,it is necessary to assess the hosting capability for intermittent distributed generation by a distribution system considering operational constraints.This is the subject of this study.An assessment model considering the uncertainty of generation outputs from distributed generators is presented for this purpose.It involves different types of regulation or control functions using on-load tap-changers(OLTCs),reactive power compensation devices,energy storage systems,and the reactive power support of the distributed generators employed.A robust optimization model is then attained It is solved by Bertsimas robust counterpart through GUROBI solver.Finally,the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated by a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system.In addition,the effects of the aforementioned regulation or control functions on the enhancement of the hosting capability for intermittent distributed generation are examined.展开更多
Graft vs host disease(GVHD) is a complication of patients who are treated by hematopoietic cell transplantation.National Institutes of Health in 2005 by Working Group on Diagnosis and Staging Consensus Development Pro...Graft vs host disease(GVHD) is a complication of patients who are treated by hematopoietic cell transplantation.National Institutes of Health in 2005 by Working Group on Diagnosis and Staging Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in Chronic GVHD(cGVHD) established 2 principal categories of oral GVHD, acute and chronic. The oral mucosa may be the first site of manifestation of the disease. Clinical diagnosis needs to be confirmed by a biopsy of oral mucosa and minor salivary glands. Microscopic results have played a major role in the diagnosis and management of acute and chronic oral GVHD. Development of second malignancies is the greatest risk of oral cGVHD patients, mostly regarding squamous cell carcinoma. The focus of oral GVHD therapy is to improve symptoms and maintain oral function. The aim of this review article is to update the information on the oral GVHD in its clinical, microscopic features and their complications.展开更多
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and can choose any one of the two alternative pathways for infection,i.e.,lysis or lysogeny.Phage lysis is one of the conventional biological processes required to sprea...Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and can choose any one of the two alternative pathways for infection,i.e.,lysis or lysogeny.Phage lysis is one of the conventional biological processes required to spread infection from one bacterium to another.Our analysis suggests that in the paradigm bacteriophage Mu,six proteins might be involved in host cell lysis.Mu has a broad host range,and Mu-like phages were found in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.An analysis of the genomes of Mu and Mu-like phages could be useful in elucidating the lysis mechanism in this group of phages.A detailed review of the various mechanisms of phage lysis and different proteins associated with the process will help researchers understand the phage biology and their life cycle in different bacteria.The recent increase in the number of multidrug-resistant(MDR)strains of bacteria and the usual long-term nature of new drug development has encouraged scientists to look for alternative strategies like phage therapy and the discovery of new lysis mechanisms.Understanding the lysis mechanism in the Mu-like phages could be exploited to develop alternative therapeutics to kill drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria.In this review article,we have analyzed the phage Mu-mediated host lysis system,which is unknown till now,and our analysis indicates a possibility of the existence of a new lysis mechanism operating in Mu.展开更多
BACKGROUND Central nervous system graft-vs-host disease(CNS-GVHD)is a rare cause of CNS disorders after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Currently,establishing a diagnosis of CNS-GVHD is challenging ...BACKGROUND Central nervous system graft-vs-host disease(CNS-GVHD)is a rare cause of CNS disorders after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Currently,establishing a diagnosis of CNS-GVHD is challenging because the diagnostic criteria and diagnostic methods are not well defined and many confounding factors need to be ruled out.CASE SUMMARY Here,we present two patients with CNS-GVHD.Both patients with a history of acute GVHD or chronic GVHD developed neurological symptoms that could not be explained by other causes,and had abnormal cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)studies as determined by CSF and blood immune biomarker examinations,suggestive of suspected CNS-GVHD.Due to the lack of specific magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities and the rapid clinical deterioration of the patients,we did not attempt to perform a brain biopsy,but prompted the initiation of empirical immunosuppressive therapy.In view of the rapid and favorable response to local and systematic immunosuppressive treatment and the aforementioned neurologic manifestations together with CSF abnormalities and other negative findings,a final diagnosis of CNS-GVHD was made.CONCLUSION CSF and blood immune biomarker examinations facilitated the diagnosis of CNSGVHD,which are particularly suitable for patients who are critically ill and require urgent treatment and for those who are unsuitable for invasive diagnostic procedures.展开更多
The sporadic outbreaks of human mpox diseases in the nearly twenty years have seriously influenced the public health and economic.Though the reservoirs of mpox virus(MPXV)are mainly rodents,it could spill over to huma...The sporadic outbreaks of human mpox diseases in the nearly twenty years have seriously influenced the public health and economic.Though the reservoirs of mpox virus(MPXV)are mainly rodents,it could spill over to humans by direct contact and cause self-limiting infection with the symptom of lymphadenopathy and rash on the skin.Since the first case report-ed outside Africa in the USA at the beginning of this century in America,MPXV has been gradually prevalent globally and be-come an increasing public threat.With the advancing technology of viral detection and gene sequencing,many novel poxviruses were detected which enriched the variety of Poxviridae family.In this review,we provide a comprehensive overview on the lat-est classification,host spectrum,genome feature,pathogenicity and the evolution of MPXV and other poxviruses.This informa-tion will promote our understanding of the phylogenetic relationship and infectious transmission of pathogenic poxviruses and contribute to future viral researches and disease control.展开更多
Cloud computing has become one of the leading technologies in the world today.The benefits of cloud computing affect end users directly.There are several cloud computing frameworks,and each has ways of monitoring and ...Cloud computing has become one of the leading technologies in the world today.The benefits of cloud computing affect end users directly.There are several cloud computing frameworks,and each has ways of monitoring and providing resources.Cloud computing eliminates customer requirements such as expensive system configuration and massive infrastructure while improving dependability and scalability.From the user’s perspective,cloud computing makes it easy to upload multiagents and operate on different web services.In this paper,the authors used a restful web service and an agent system to discuss,deployments,and analysis of load performance parameters like memory use,cen-tral processing unit(CPU)utilization,network latency,etc.,both on localhost and an Amazon Web Service Elastic Cloud Computing(AWS-EC2)server.The Java Agent Development Environment(JADE)tool has been used to propose an archi-tecture and conduct a comparative study on both local and remote servers.JADE is an open-source tool for maintaining applications on AWS infrastructure.The focus of the study should be to reduce the complexity and time of load perfor-mance parameters by using an agent system on a cloud server instead of establish-ing a massive infrastructure on a local system,even for a small application.展开更多
This editorial reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of the long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)small nucleolar RNA host gene 16(SNHG16)in digestive system cancers based on two recent studies on lncRNAs in dige...This editorial reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of the long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)small nucleolar RNA host gene 16(SNHG16)in digestive system cancers based on two recent studies on lncRNAs in digestive system tumors.The first study,by Zhao et al,explored how hBD-1 affects colon cancer,via the lncRNA TCONS_00014506,by inhibiting mTOR and promoting autophagy.The second one,by Li et al,identified the lncRNA prion protein testis specific(PRNT)as a factor in oxaliplatin resistance by sponging ZNF184 to regulate HIPK2 and influence colorectal cancer progression and chemoresistance,suggesting PRNT as a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.Both of these two articles discuss the mechanisms by which lncRNAs contribute to the development and progression of digestive system cancers.As a recent research hotspot,SNHG16 is a typical lncRNA that has been extensively studied for its association with digestive system cancers.The prevailing hypothesis is that SNHG16 participates in the development and progression of digestive system tumors by acting as a competing endogenous RNA,interacting with other proteins,regulating various genes,and affecting downstream target molecules.This review systematically examines the recently reported biological functions,related molecular mechanisms,and potential clinical significance of SNHG16 in various digestive system cancers,and explores the relationship between SNHG16 and digestive system cancers.The findings suggest that SNHG16 may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for human digestive system cancers.展开更多
Background:Over the past few decades,a threefold increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D)has placed a heavy burden on the health-care system and society.Previous studies have shown correlations between obesity,T2D...Background:Over the past few decades,a threefold increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D)has placed a heavy burden on the health-care system and society.Previous studies have shown correlations between obesity,T2D,and neurodegenera-tive diseases,including dementia.It is imperative to further understand the relation-ship between obesity,T2D,and cognitive deficits.Methods:This investigation tested and evaluated the cognitive impact of obesity and T2D induced by high-fat diet(HFD)and the effect of the host genetic background on the severity of cognitive decline caused by obesity and T2D in collaborative cross(CC)mice.The CC mice are a genetically diverse panel derived from eight inbred strains.Results:Our findings demonstrated significant variations in the recorded phenotypes across different CC lines compared to the reference mouse line,C57BL/6J.CC037 line exhibited a substantial increase in body weight on HFD,whereas line CC005 ex-hibited differing responses based on sex.Glucose tolerance tests revealed significant variations,with some lines like CC005 showing a marked increase in area under the curve(AUC)values on HFD.Organ weights,including brain,spleen,liver,and kidney,varied significantly among the lines and sexes in response to HFD.Behavioral tests using the Morris water maze indicated that cognitive performance was differentially affected by diet and genetic background.Conclusions:Our study establishes a foundation for future quantitative trait loci map-ping using CC lines and identifying genes underlying the comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease(AD),caused by obesity and T2D.The genetic components may offer new tools for early prediction and prevention.展开更多
Aromatic nitro compounds present substantial health and environmental concerns due to their toxic nature and potential explosive properties.Consequently,the development of host–vip molecular recognition systems for...Aromatic nitro compounds present substantial health and environmental concerns due to their toxic nature and potential explosive properties.Consequently,the development of host–vip molecular recognition systems for these compounds serves a dual-purpose:enabling the fabrication of high-performance sensors for detection and guiding the design of efficient adsorbents for environmental remediation.This study investigated the host–vip recognition behavior of perethylated pillar[n]arenes toward two aromatic nitro molecules,1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and picric acid.Various techniques including^(1)H NMR,2D NOESY NMR,and UV-vis spectroscopy were employed to explore the binding behavior between pillararenes and aromatic nitro vips in solution.Moreover,valuable single crystal structures were obtained to elucidate the distinct solid-state assembly behaviors of these vips with different pillararenes.The assembled solid-state supramolecular structures observed encompassed a 1:1 host–vip inclusion complex,an external binding complex,and an exo-wall tessellation complex.Furthermore,based on the findings from these systems,a pillararene-based test paper was developed for efficient picric acid detection,and the removal of picric acid from solution was also achieved using pillararenes powder.This research provides novel insights into the development of diverse host–vip systems toward hazardous compounds,offering potential applications in environmental protection and explosive detection domains.展开更多
Theoretically,blue phosphorescent materials are capable of achieving 100%internal quantum effi-ciency.Nevertheless,the mutual constraints among efficiency,color purity,and stability remain one of the key bottlenecks i...Theoretically,blue phosphorescent materials are capable of achieving 100%internal quantum effi-ciency.Nevertheless,the mutual constraints among efficiency,color purity,and stability remain one of the key bottlenecks in the industrialization of organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).In addition,the design and application of host materials also exert a significant impact on the overall performance of blue light-emitting de-vices.To address this issue,this study constructs a series of host materials with high triplet energy levels by designing different connection modes,based on 9-phenylcarbazole and benzimidazole units.Through a combi-nation of theoretical and experimental approaches,the correlation between the chemical structure and perfor-mance has been unraveled.It is found that the designed and synthesized blue phosphorescent bipolar host ma-terials based on different biphenyl linking sites,i.e.,9-(3'-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-[1,1'-bi-phenyl]-3-yl)-9H-carbazole(mCzmBI),9-(2'-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-9H-carbazole(mCzoBI)and 9-(3'-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-9H-carbazole(oCzmBI).The three compounds have a similar triplet energy level of 2.70 eV,accompanied with the glass transition temperatures of 92℃,103℃,and 93℃respectively.mCzmBI,mCzoBI and oCzmBI are regioiso-mers,but differ in the linking sites of carbazole and benzimidazole on the biphenyl linker.This difference in linking positions enables effective regulation of the host materials’properties.Constructed with the blue phos-phorescent material bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridinato-N,C2)picolinatoiridium(Ⅲ)(FIrpic)as the vip,the influence of the three hosts on device performance is clarified.Overall,the device using mCzmBI,a host linked by biphenyl at double meta-positions,achieved a maximum current efficiency of 24.9 cd·A^(-1)and a max-imum external quantum efficiency exceeding 12.8%,it also demonstrates low efficiency roll-off under highbrightness conditions.This work offers an effective strategy to the development of high-efficiency blue phospho-rescent hosts.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries are considered as one of the potential solutions as integrating renewable energy systems for large-scale energy storage because of their high theoretical energy density(2600 Wh·kg^(-1))an...Lithium-sulfur batteries are considered as one of the potential solutions as integrating renewable energy systems for large-scale energy storage because of their high theoretical energy density(2600 Wh·kg^(-1))and specific capacity(1675 mAh·g^(-1)).Currently,various strategies have been proposed to overcome the technical barriers,e.g.,“shuttle effect”,capacity decay and volumetric change,which impede the successful commercialization of lithium-sulfur batteries.This paper reviews the applications of metal nitrides as the cathode hosts for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries,summa-rizes the design strategies of different host materials,and discusses the relationship between the properties of metal nitrides and their electrochemical performances.Finally,reasonable suggestions for the design and development of metal nitrides,along with ideas to promote future breakthroughs,are proposed.We hope that this review could attract more attention to metal nitrides and their derivatives,and further promote the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries.展开更多
文摘Electric Vehicle Charging Systems(EVCS)are increasingly vulnerable to cybersecurity threats as they integrate deeply into smart grids and Internet ofThings(IoT)environments,raising significant security challenges.Most existing research primarily emphasizes network-level anomaly detection,leaving critical vulnerabilities at the host level underexplored.This study introduces a novel forensic analysis framework leveraging host-level data,including system logs,kernel events,and Hardware Performance Counters(HPC),to detect and analyze sophisticated cyberattacks such as cryptojacking,Denial-of-Service(DoS),and reconnaissance activities targeting EVCS.Using comprehensive forensic analysis and machine learning models,the proposed framework significantly outperforms existing methods,achieving an accuracy of 98.81%.The findings offer insights into distinct behavioral signatures associated with specific cyber threats,enabling improved cybersecurity strategies and actionable recommendations for robust EVCS infrastructure protection.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0805602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20186,32171579,32371592 and 32471674)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(23JRRA1029 and 23JRRA1034)。
文摘Plant roots interact with diverse fungi that are essential for maintaining the productivity and sustainability of pasture ecosystems,but how these root-associated fungi(RAF)differ between forage species and how they respond to nutrient enrichment and fungicide application are not well understood.Here,we constructed an 11-year experiment involving fungicide application(with or without)nested within four levels of experimental nitrogen(N)addition treatments in an alpine pasture,and the RAF communities,root traits,tissue nutrients,and shoot biomass of two dominant forage species(Carex capillifolia and Elymus nutans)were analyzed.The RAF community composition showed striking differences between the plant species and was strongly affected by both N addition level and fungicide applications.Fungicide,but not N application,dramatically reduced the RAF richness of all functional guilds in both plant species,and fungicide also simplified the co-occurrence network of the RAF for C.capillifolia.The RAF community correlated strongly with root traits,whereas their relationships became weakened or even vanished at the level of the individual plant species.The importance of RAF to plant nutrients and productivity varied between plant species,with significant contributions in C.capillifolia but not in E.nutans.This is the first report elucidating the long-term effect of fungicides on RAF in alpine pastures,and our findings emphasize the host-specific responses of RAF community structure and function to anthropogenic disturbances.
文摘Despite their high theoretical capacity and energy density,lithiumsulfur(Li–S)batteries still face challenges such as soluble lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)shuttling and sluggish redox kinetics.In this work,we used a novel MoS_(2)-Mo_(2)C heterostructure anchored on a carbon sponge(CS)as a Li_(2)S host to solve these problems.A simple hydrothermal process following carbothermal reduction was used to construct the MoS_(2)-Mo_(2)C heterostructure,enabling control of the phases and integration of MoS_(2) and Mo_(2)C.Structural characterization confirmed the coherent interface of the heterostructure with a precise orientation relationship between the two phases and their uniform distribution.An evaluation of the adsorption and catalytic performance of the material showed that it has an exceptional LiPSs adsorption capacity with faster conversion from Li_(2)S_(4) to Li_(2)S_(2).Density functional theory calculations further confirmed these results.As a result,the cathode had a high initial discharge capacity of 693 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C and achieved stable cycling at 2 C for 500 cycles with a low decay rate of 0.107%per cycle.The heterostructure design,coupled with the macroporous CS framework,effectively prevented the shuttling and increased sulfur utilization,offering a promising way to produce practical high-energydensity Li–S batteries.
基金financial y supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1900902)the Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LLSSZ24C030001)+1 种基金the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-08-G-09)sponsored by the K.C.Wong Magna Fund of Ningbo University,China。
文摘Fungi play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition,plant growth promotion,and the enhancement of resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses.However,studies on the fungal communities associated with peas (Pisum sativum L.) remain limited.In this study,we systematically investigated the ecological effects of host niches (soil,root,stem,leaf,and pod) and genotypes on the diversity and composition of fungal communities in peas using a multi-level approach that encompassed pattern recognition (β-diversity decomposition),mechanism validation (neutral community model testing),and dynamic tracking methods (migration pathway source-tracking).The results revealed that the dominant fungal phyla across niches and genotypes were Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,and Mortierellomycota,and the community structures of the soil–plant continuum were primarily determined by the pea niches rather than genotypes.β-diversity decomposition was largely attributed to species replacement rather than richness differences,indicating strong niche specificity and microbial replacement across microhabitats.Neutral model analysis revealed that stochastic processes influenced genotypeassociated communities,while deterministic processes played a dominant role in niche-based community assembly.Source-tracking analysis identified niche-to-niche fungal migration,with Erysiphe,Fusarium,Cephaliophora,Ascobolus,Alternaria,and Aspergillus as the key genera.Migration rates from exogenous to endogenous niches were low (1.3–61.5%),whereas those within exogenous (64.4–83.7%) or endogenous (73.9–96.4%) compartments were much higher,suggesting that the pea epidermis acts as a selective barrier that filters and enriches microbial communities prior to internal colonization.This study provides comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of host filtering,enrichment and microbial sourcing,which increases our understanding of the assembly rules of the pea-associated fungal microbiome.
基金supported by FCT/MCTES UIDP/05608/2020(https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/05608/2020)UIDB/05608/2020(https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/05608/2020).
文摘Background:The Colorectal Cancer(CRC)pathogenesis and therapeutic efficacy are influenced by the gut microbiome,making it a promising biomarker for predicting treatment responses and adverse effects.This systematic review aims to outline the gut microbiome composition in individuals with CRC undergoing the same therapeutic regimen and evaluate interindividual microbiome profile variations to better understand how these differences may influence therapeutic outcomes.Methods:Key studies investigating the microbiome’s role in therapeutic approaches for CRC were searched in both PubMed and Cochrane databases on 12 and 22 March 2025,respectively.Eligible studies included free full-text English-language randomized clinical trials and human observational studies reporting on gut microbiome composition and treatment outcomes.RoB 2 and ROBINS-I were employed in the evaluation of bias for randomized trials and observational studies,respectively.Data extracted was narratively analyzed.Results:Six studies involving a total of 361 individuals were included.Therapeutic interventions,either standard treatments and/or those targeting the gut microbiome,generally increased probiotic taxa and reduced pro-carcinogenic bacteria.However,no consistent pattern of improved clinical outcomes was observed,suggesting that treatment mechanisms,the tumor’s nature,and individual characteristics play critical roles in microbiome modulation.Conclusion:The gut microbiome holds significant potential in clinical settings.Nonetheless,further research is needed to better understand its functional aspects and to consider the influence of treatment mechanisms,the tumor’s nature,and individual characteristics as modulators,in order to optimize clinical outcomes.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0109000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975152,92256304,U23A20593)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722028)the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)under Germany’s Excellence Strategy(3DMM2O-EXC-2082/1-390761711)。
文摘Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)exciplexes,constituted of donor-acceptor moieties,have garnered mounting interest because of their promising potential to obtain high-performance electroluminescent devices.However,the moderate reverse intersystem crossing(RISC)of current reported exciplex systems and the lack of clear molecular design concepts to improve this situation have distinctly hindered the further use of exciplexes in organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).Herein,we conduct an exploration of exciplex systems founded upon[2,2]paracyclophane(PCP)-containing donor molecules and a triazine acceptor,which exhibit very fast RISC processes with a rate constant(k_(RISC))up to 8.3×10^(6) s^(-1)benefiting from the efficient interactions between the donor and acceptor fragments induced by the peripheral spatial-blocking of PCP group.Utilizing these deep-blue exciplexes as hosts and a multiple resonance(MR)molecule as emitter,pure-blue narrowband OLEDs with CIE coordinates of(0.124,0.137),a full-width at half-maximum(FWHM)of 23 nm,and a high external quantum efficiency(EQE)of around 30%are accessed.This study paves the way for developing blue OLEDs using PCP-based exciplex materials with an enhanced RISC process.
基金supported by the European Union-Next Generation EU,Mission 4 Component 1,Project Title:“Gut and Neuro Muscular system:investigating the impact of microbiota on nerve regeneration and muscle reinnervation after peripheral nerve injury”,CUP D53D23007770006,MUR:20227YB93W,to GR。
文摘The gut microbiota:The human body is colonized by a diverse and complex microbial community–including bacteria,viruses,archaea,and unicellular eukaryotes–that plays a central role in human wellbeing.Indeed,microbiota is crucial for several functions,including host metabolism,physiology,maintenance of the intestinal epithelial integrity,nutrition,and immune function,earning it the designation of a“vital organ”(Guinane and Cotter,2013).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1406200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12274177 and 12304261)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M751076)。
文摘Luminescent metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have garnered significant attention due to their structural tunability and potential applications in solid-state lighting,bioimaging,sensing,anticounterfeiting,and other fields.Nevertheless,due to the tendency of1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid(BDC)to rotate within the framework,MOFs composed of it exhibit significant non-radiative energy dissipation and thus impair the emissive properties.In this study,efficient luminescence of MIL-140A nanocrystals(NCs)with BDC rotors as ligands is achieved by pressure treatment strategy.Pressure treatment effectively modulates the pore structure of the framework,enhancing the interactions between the N,N-dimethylformamide vip molecules and the BDC ligands.The enhanced host-vip interaction contributes to the structural rigidity of the MOF,thereby suppressing the rotation-induced excited-state energy loss.As a result,the pressure-treated MIL-140A NCs displayed bright blue-light emission,with the photoluminescence quantum yield increasing from an initial 6.8%to 69.2%.This study developed an effective strategy to improve the luminescence performance of rotor ligand MOFs,offers a new avenue for the rational design and synthesis of MOFs with superior luminescent properties.
基金the Scientific and Technological Project of SGCC Headquarters entitled“Smart Distribution Network and Ubiquitous Power Internet of Things Integrated Development Collaborative Planning Technology Research”(5400-201956447A-0-0-00).
文摘The penetration rate of distributed generation is gradually increasing in the distribution system concerned.This is creating new problems and challenges in the planning and operation of the system.The intermittency and variability of power outputs from numerous distributed renewable generators could significantly jeopardize the secure operation of the distribution system.Therefore,it is necessary to assess the hosting capability for intermittent distributed generation by a distribution system considering operational constraints.This is the subject of this study.An assessment model considering the uncertainty of generation outputs from distributed generators is presented for this purpose.It involves different types of regulation or control functions using on-load tap-changers(OLTCs),reactive power compensation devices,energy storage systems,and the reactive power support of the distributed generators employed.A robust optimization model is then attained It is solved by Bertsimas robust counterpart through GUROBI solver.Finally,the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated by a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system.In addition,the effects of the aforementioned regulation or control functions on the enhancement of the hosting capability for intermittent distributed generation are examined.
文摘Graft vs host disease(GVHD) is a complication of patients who are treated by hematopoietic cell transplantation.National Institutes of Health in 2005 by Working Group on Diagnosis and Staging Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in Chronic GVHD(cGVHD) established 2 principal categories of oral GVHD, acute and chronic. The oral mucosa may be the first site of manifestation of the disease. Clinical diagnosis needs to be confirmed by a biopsy of oral mucosa and minor salivary glands. Microscopic results have played a major role in the diagnosis and management of acute and chronic oral GVHD. Development of second malignancies is the greatest risk of oral cGVHD patients, mostly regarding squamous cell carcinoma. The focus of oral GVHD therapy is to improve symptoms and maintain oral function. The aim of this review article is to update the information on the oral GVHD in its clinical, microscopic features and their complications.
基金Hallym University Research Fund and by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Funded by the Ministry of Education(NRF-2020R1C1C1008694&NRF-2020R1I1A3074575).
文摘Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and can choose any one of the two alternative pathways for infection,i.e.,lysis or lysogeny.Phage lysis is one of the conventional biological processes required to spread infection from one bacterium to another.Our analysis suggests that in the paradigm bacteriophage Mu,six proteins might be involved in host cell lysis.Mu has a broad host range,and Mu-like phages were found in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.An analysis of the genomes of Mu and Mu-like phages could be useful in elucidating the lysis mechanism in this group of phages.A detailed review of the various mechanisms of phage lysis and different proteins associated with the process will help researchers understand the phage biology and their life cycle in different bacteria.The recent increase in the number of multidrug-resistant(MDR)strains of bacteria and the usual long-term nature of new drug development has encouraged scientists to look for alternative strategies like phage therapy and the discovery of new lysis mechanisms.Understanding the lysis mechanism in the Mu-like phages could be exploited to develop alternative therapeutics to kill drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria.In this review article,we have analyzed the phage Mu-mediated host lysis system,which is unknown till now,and our analysis indicates a possibility of the existence of a new lysis mechanism operating in Mu.
基金Supported by National Natural Sciences Foundation of China,No.81970180 , 81800105Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission,China,No.17JCZDJC35800and Tianjin Health and Family Planning Commission,China,No.16KG110.
文摘BACKGROUND Central nervous system graft-vs-host disease(CNS-GVHD)is a rare cause of CNS disorders after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Currently,establishing a diagnosis of CNS-GVHD is challenging because the diagnostic criteria and diagnostic methods are not well defined and many confounding factors need to be ruled out.CASE SUMMARY Here,we present two patients with CNS-GVHD.Both patients with a history of acute GVHD or chronic GVHD developed neurological symptoms that could not be explained by other causes,and had abnormal cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)studies as determined by CSF and blood immune biomarker examinations,suggestive of suspected CNS-GVHD.Due to the lack of specific magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities and the rapid clinical deterioration of the patients,we did not attempt to perform a brain biopsy,but prompted the initiation of empirical immunosuppressive therapy.In view of the rapid and favorable response to local and systematic immunosuppressive treatment and the aforementioned neurologic manifestations together with CSF abnormalities and other negative findings,a final diagnosis of CNS-GVHD was made.CONCLUSION CSF and blood immune biomarker examinations facilitated the diagnosis of CNSGVHD,which are particularly suitable for patients who are critically ill and require urgent treatment and for those who are unsuitable for invasive diagnostic procedures.
文摘The sporadic outbreaks of human mpox diseases in the nearly twenty years have seriously influenced the public health and economic.Though the reservoirs of mpox virus(MPXV)are mainly rodents,it could spill over to humans by direct contact and cause self-limiting infection with the symptom of lymphadenopathy and rash on the skin.Since the first case report-ed outside Africa in the USA at the beginning of this century in America,MPXV has been gradually prevalent globally and be-come an increasing public threat.With the advancing technology of viral detection and gene sequencing,many novel poxviruses were detected which enriched the variety of Poxviridae family.In this review,we provide a comprehensive overview on the lat-est classification,host spectrum,genome feature,pathogenicity and the evolution of MPXV and other poxviruses.This informa-tion will promote our understanding of the phylogenetic relationship and infectious transmission of pathogenic poxviruses and contribute to future viral researches and disease control.
文摘Cloud computing has become one of the leading technologies in the world today.The benefits of cloud computing affect end users directly.There are several cloud computing frameworks,and each has ways of monitoring and providing resources.Cloud computing eliminates customer requirements such as expensive system configuration and massive infrastructure while improving dependability and scalability.From the user’s perspective,cloud computing makes it easy to upload multiagents and operate on different web services.In this paper,the authors used a restful web service and an agent system to discuss,deployments,and analysis of load performance parameters like memory use,cen-tral processing unit(CPU)utilization,network latency,etc.,both on localhost and an Amazon Web Service Elastic Cloud Computing(AWS-EC2)server.The Java Agent Development Environment(JADE)tool has been used to propose an archi-tecture and conduct a comparative study on both local and remote servers.JADE is an open-source tool for maintaining applications on AWS infrastructure.The focus of the study should be to reduce the complexity and time of load perfor-mance parameters by using an agent system on a cloud server instead of establish-ing a massive infrastructure on a local system,even for a small application.
文摘This editorial reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of the long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)small nucleolar RNA host gene 16(SNHG16)in digestive system cancers based on two recent studies on lncRNAs in digestive system tumors.The first study,by Zhao et al,explored how hBD-1 affects colon cancer,via the lncRNA TCONS_00014506,by inhibiting mTOR and promoting autophagy.The second one,by Li et al,identified the lncRNA prion protein testis specific(PRNT)as a factor in oxaliplatin resistance by sponging ZNF184 to regulate HIPK2 and influence colorectal cancer progression and chemoresistance,suggesting PRNT as a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.Both of these two articles discuss the mechanisms by which lncRNAs contribute to the development and progression of digestive system cancers.As a recent research hotspot,SNHG16 is a typical lncRNA that has been extensively studied for its association with digestive system cancers.The prevailing hypothesis is that SNHG16 participates in the development and progression of digestive system tumors by acting as a competing endogenous RNA,interacting with other proteins,regulating various genes,and affecting downstream target molecules.This review systematically examines the recently reported biological functions,related molecular mechanisms,and potential clinical significance of SNHG16 in various digestive system cancers,and explores the relationship between SNHG16 and digestive system cancers.The findings suggest that SNHG16 may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for human digestive system cancers.
文摘Background:Over the past few decades,a threefold increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes(T2D)has placed a heavy burden on the health-care system and society.Previous studies have shown correlations between obesity,T2D,and neurodegenera-tive diseases,including dementia.It is imperative to further understand the relation-ship between obesity,T2D,and cognitive deficits.Methods:This investigation tested and evaluated the cognitive impact of obesity and T2D induced by high-fat diet(HFD)and the effect of the host genetic background on the severity of cognitive decline caused by obesity and T2D in collaborative cross(CC)mice.The CC mice are a genetically diverse panel derived from eight inbred strains.Results:Our findings demonstrated significant variations in the recorded phenotypes across different CC lines compared to the reference mouse line,C57BL/6J.CC037 line exhibited a substantial increase in body weight on HFD,whereas line CC005 ex-hibited differing responses based on sex.Glucose tolerance tests revealed significant variations,with some lines like CC005 showing a marked increase in area under the curve(AUC)values on HFD.Organ weights,including brain,spleen,liver,and kidney,varied significantly among the lines and sexes in response to HFD.Behavioral tests using the Morris water maze indicated that cognitive performance was differentially affected by diet and genetic background.Conclusions:Our study establishes a foundation for future quantitative trait loci map-ping using CC lines and identifying genes underlying the comorbidity of Alzheimer's disease(AD),caused by obesity and T2D.The genetic components may offer new tools for early prediction and prevention.
基金supported by the fundamental research funds of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University(No.22212286-Y)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ24B040003)。
文摘Aromatic nitro compounds present substantial health and environmental concerns due to their toxic nature and potential explosive properties.Consequently,the development of host–vip molecular recognition systems for these compounds serves a dual-purpose:enabling the fabrication of high-performance sensors for detection and guiding the design of efficient adsorbents for environmental remediation.This study investigated the host–vip recognition behavior of perethylated pillar[n]arenes toward two aromatic nitro molecules,1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and picric acid.Various techniques including^(1)H NMR,2D NOESY NMR,and UV-vis spectroscopy were employed to explore the binding behavior between pillararenes and aromatic nitro vips in solution.Moreover,valuable single crystal structures were obtained to elucidate the distinct solid-state assembly behaviors of these vips with different pillararenes.The assembled solid-state supramolecular structures observed encompassed a 1:1 host–vip inclusion complex,an external binding complex,and an exo-wall tessellation complex.Furthermore,based on the findings from these systems,a pillararene-based test paper was developed for efficient picric acid detection,and the removal of picric acid from solution was also achieved using pillararenes powder.This research provides novel insights into the development of diverse host–vip systems toward hazardous compounds,offering potential applications in environmental protection and explosive detection domains.
文摘Theoretically,blue phosphorescent materials are capable of achieving 100%internal quantum effi-ciency.Nevertheless,the mutual constraints among efficiency,color purity,and stability remain one of the key bottlenecks in the industrialization of organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).In addition,the design and application of host materials also exert a significant impact on the overall performance of blue light-emitting de-vices.To address this issue,this study constructs a series of host materials with high triplet energy levels by designing different connection modes,based on 9-phenylcarbazole and benzimidazole units.Through a combi-nation of theoretical and experimental approaches,the correlation between the chemical structure and perfor-mance has been unraveled.It is found that the designed and synthesized blue phosphorescent bipolar host ma-terials based on different biphenyl linking sites,i.e.,9-(3'-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-[1,1'-bi-phenyl]-3-yl)-9H-carbazole(mCzmBI),9-(2'-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)-9H-carbazole(mCzoBI)and 9-(3'-(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-9H-carbazole(oCzmBI).The three compounds have a similar triplet energy level of 2.70 eV,accompanied with the glass transition temperatures of 92℃,103℃,and 93℃respectively.mCzmBI,mCzoBI and oCzmBI are regioiso-mers,but differ in the linking sites of carbazole and benzimidazole on the biphenyl linker.This difference in linking positions enables effective regulation of the host materials’properties.Constructed with the blue phos-phorescent material bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridinato-N,C2)picolinatoiridium(Ⅲ)(FIrpic)as the vip,the influence of the three hosts on device performance is clarified.Overall,the device using mCzmBI,a host linked by biphenyl at double meta-positions,achieved a maximum current efficiency of 24.9 cd·A^(-1)and a max-imum external quantum efficiency exceeding 12.8%,it also demonstrates low efficiency roll-off under highbrightness conditions.This work offers an effective strategy to the development of high-efficiency blue phospho-rescent hosts.
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries are considered as one of the potential solutions as integrating renewable energy systems for large-scale energy storage because of their high theoretical energy density(2600 Wh·kg^(-1))and specific capacity(1675 mAh·g^(-1)).Currently,various strategies have been proposed to overcome the technical barriers,e.g.,“shuttle effect”,capacity decay and volumetric change,which impede the successful commercialization of lithium-sulfur batteries.This paper reviews the applications of metal nitrides as the cathode hosts for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries,summa-rizes the design strategies of different host materials,and discusses the relationship between the properties of metal nitrides and their electrochemical performances.Finally,reasonable suggestions for the design and development of metal nitrides,along with ideas to promote future breakthroughs,are proposed.We hope that this review could attract more attention to metal nitrides and their derivatives,and further promote the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries.
