Background:A significant challenge regarding notable historical figures is determining the accuracy of the words and actions attributed to them with the limited available evidence,when their biographers have presented...Background:A significant challenge regarding notable historical figures is determining the accuracy of the words and actions attributed to them with the limited available evidence,when their biographers have presented a biased life assessment.Lauded as a founding suffragette,the first female school principal,and the first white female practicing physician in Canada,Dr.Emily Stowe did not help historians.She destroyed her records,leaving her life story to be told by her daughter,who portrayed her as a heroine–a view that has persisted since the start of the 20th century.To improve the accuracy of assessing the life of Emily Stowe,as much information as possible about Stowe must be collected and interpreted.Methods:Presented is a narrative research method for analyzing historical figures that examines 22 life-changing events in the life of Stowe by answering six types of questions about each event:when,where,who,what,how,and why.Results:This narrative research,representing a psychoanalytic research process,finds that much of the repeated story of Stowe is either exaggerated or likely false.Conclusion:Following the example of Emily Stowe,this unique method is applicable for improving the historical accuracy in assessing the lives of other notable figures.It represents a method extendable to those currently alive,outside the public eye,searching to develop their own narrative.展开更多
Serbisütherapy(ST)is a distinctive external treatment modality within traditional Mongolian medicine(TMM),historically developed within a nomadic cultural framework.This study presents a comprehensive philologica...Serbisütherapy(ST)is a distinctive external treatment modality within traditional Mongolian medicine(TMM),historically developed within a nomadic cultural framework.This study presents a comprehensive philological and historical analysis of ST,tracing its evolution from early battlefield applications to contemporary clinical use.By critically examining classical Mongolian medical texts alongside modern case studies,we aim to systematize ST’s therapeutic methods,indications,and limitations,while exploring its mechanisms of action through both traditional theory and modern biomedical perspectives.ST has undergone significant transformation,shifting from whole-body cavity immersion in the 13th century to targeted,organ-specific applications in modern practice.Its four primary methods–Covering,Mounted,Organ Placement,and Suction–demonstrate efficacy in treating cold-natured diseases,musculoskeletal disorders,gynecological conditions,and certain emergencies.ST embodies the core principles of TMM,particularly the balance of the“Three Roots”and the correction of cold-induced pathologies through heat.Despite challenges related to standardization,cultural translation,and regulatory acceptance,ST holds translational potential for integrative medicine.Future research should prioritize mechanistic validation,clinical standardization,and the development of biocompatible thermal technologies to bridge traditional practice with modern healthcare systems.展开更多
无监督异常检测因只需要正常样本进行训练而被广泛应用于工业质检等领域。直接将现有的单类别异常检测方法应用到多类别异常检测中会导致性能显著下降,其中基于知识蒸馏的异常检测方法将预训练的教师模型关于正常样本的特征知识蒸馏到...无监督异常检测因只需要正常样本进行训练而被广泛应用于工业质检等领域。直接将现有的单类别异常检测方法应用到多类别异常检测中会导致性能显著下降,其中基于知识蒸馏的异常检测方法将预训练的教师模型关于正常样本的特征知识蒸馏到学生模型中,然而它们在多类别异常检测中存在无法保证学生模型只学习到正常样本知识的问题。文中提出一种基于反向知识蒸馏框架的无监督多类别异常检测方法(Prototype based Reverse Distillation,PRD),其通过Multi-class Normal Prototype模块和Sparse Prototype Recall训练策略来学习教师模型关于多类别正常样本特征的Prototype,并以此来过滤学生模型的输入特征,从而确保学生模型只学习到教师模型关于正常样本的特征知识。PRD在多种工业异常检测数据集上性能均超越了现有的SOTA方法,定性、定量和消融实验验证了PRD整体框架和内部模块的有效性。展开更多
Based on the analysis of surface geological survey,exploratory well,gravity-magnetic-electric and seismic data,and through mapping the sedimentary basin and its peripheral orogenic belts together,this paper explores s...Based on the analysis of surface geological survey,exploratory well,gravity-magnetic-electric and seismic data,and through mapping the sedimentary basin and its peripheral orogenic belts together,this paper explores systematically the boundary,distribution,geological structure,and tectonic attributes of the Ordos prototype basin in the geological historical periods.The results show that the Ordos block is bounded to the west by the Engorwusu Fault Zone,to the east by the Taihangshan Mountain Piedmont Fault Zone,to the north by the Solonker-Xilamuron Suture Zone,and to the south by the Shangnan-Danfeng Suture Zone.The Ordos Basin boundary was the plate tectonic boundary during the Middle Proterozoic to Paleozoic,and the intra-continental deformation boundary in the Meso-Cenozoic.The basin survived as a marine cratonic basin covering the entire Ordos block during the Middle Proterozoic to Ordovician,a marine-continental transitional depression basin enclosed by an island arc uplift belt at the plate margin during the Carboniferous to Permian,a unified intra-continental lacustrine depression basin in the Triassic,and an intra-continental cratonic basin circled by a rift system in the Cenozoic.The basin scope has been decreasing till the present.The large,widespread prototype basin controlled the exploration area far beyond the present-day sedimentary basin boundary,with multiple target plays vertically.The Ordos Basin has the characteristics of a whole petroleum(or deposition)system.The Middle Proterozoic wide-rift system as a typical basin under the overlying Phanerozoic basin and the Cambrian-Ordovician passive margin basin and intra-cratonic depression in the deep-sited basin will be the important successions for oil and gas exploration in the coming years.展开更多
In recent decades,control performance monitoring(CPM)has experienced remarkable progress in research and industrial applications.While CPM research has been investigated using various benchmarks,the historical data be...In recent decades,control performance monitoring(CPM)has experienced remarkable progress in research and industrial applications.While CPM research has been investigated using various benchmarks,the historical data benchmark(HIS)has garnered the most attention due to its practicality and effectiveness.However,existing CPM reviews usually focus on the theoretical benchmark,and there is a lack of an in-depth review that thoroughly explores HIS-based methods.In this article,a comprehensive overview of HIS-based CPM is provided.First,we provide a novel static-dynamic perspective on data-level manifestations of control performance underlying typical controller capacities including regulation and servo:static and dynamic properties.The static property portrays time-independent variability in system output,and the dynamic property describes temporal behavior driven by closed-loop feedback.Accordingly,existing HIS-based CPM approaches and their intrinsic motivations are classified and analyzed from these two perspectives.Specifically,two mainstream solutions for CPM methods are summarized,including static analysis and dynamic analysis,which match data-driven techniques with actual controlling behavior.Furthermore,this paper also points out various opportunities and challenges faced in CPM for modern industry and provides promising directions in the context of artificial intelligence for inspiring future research.展开更多
This article is a summary of the historical background to Isatis tinctoria in France and elsewhere from the 12th to the 21st century. Isatis tinctoria, also called “Guède”, “Pastel” or “Vouède” accordi...This article is a summary of the historical background to Isatis tinctoria in France and elsewhere from the 12th to the 21st century. Isatis tinctoria, also called “Guède”, “Pastel” or “Vouède” according to the French region origin, is a plant originally used to obtain indigo blue dye mainly to produce colored blue fabrics. A local memory is well established in the Amiens region (northern France) and the Toulouse region (south-western France). No global review of its culture and trade over the long term is known. The aim of this article is to summarize the historical background of Isatis tinctoria in France and elsewhere from the twelfth to the twenty-first century.展开更多
In order to further explore the rich connotation of Huai'an historical and cultural space and the Grand Canal culture,the synchronicity of urban spatial pattern and historical buildings of Huai'an was studied ...In order to further explore the rich connotation of Huai'an historical and cultural space and the Grand Canal culture,the synchronicity of urban spatial pattern and historical buildings of Huai'an was studied under the guidance of synchronic theory and method.It is found that there are the identity and reality law of the development and change of Huai'an historical and cultural space and the Grand Canal cultural system,and it is deduced that there is a spiraling systematic structure chain between the historical and cultural space of Huai'an and the Grand Canal culture,which provides a theoretical reference for promoting the deepening construction of regional culture,the Grand Canal cultural belt and national cultural parks.展开更多
Since the introduction of vision Transformers into the computer vision field,many vision tasks such as semantic segmentation tasks,have undergone radical changes.Although Transformer enhances the correlation of each l...Since the introduction of vision Transformers into the computer vision field,many vision tasks such as semantic segmentation tasks,have undergone radical changes.Although Transformer enhances the correlation of each local feature of an image object in the hidden space through the attention mechanism,it is difficult for a segmentation head to accomplish the mask prediction for dense embedding of multi-category and multi-local features.We present patch prototype vision Transformer(PPFormer),a Transformer architecture for semantic segmentation based on knowledge-embedded patch prototypes.1)The hierarchical Transformer encoder can generate multi-scale and multi-layered patch features including seamless patch projection to obtain information of multiscale patches,and feature-clustered self-attention to enhance the interplay of multi-layered visual information with implicit position encodes.2)PPFormer utilizes a non-parametric prototype decoder to extract region observations which represent significant parts of the objects by unlearnable patch prototypes and then calculate similarity between patch prototypes and pixel embeddings.The proposed contrasting patch prototype alignment module,which uses new patch prototypes to update prototype bank,effectively maintains class boundaries for prototypes.For different application scenarios,we have launched PPFormer-S,PPFormer-M and PPFormer-L by expanding the scale.Experimental results demonstrate that PPFormer can outperform fully convolutional networks(FCN)-and attention-based semantic segmentation models on the PASCAL VOC 2012,ADE20k,and Cityscapes datasets.展开更多
Looking back upon the history of world development,although cities in various regions have all gone through different historical development stages in the process of urbanization,all urbanization will also go through ...Looking back upon the history of world development,although cities in various regions have all gone through different historical development stages in the process of urbanization,all urbanization will also go through the process of“construction-development-decline-renewal”.Against this backdrop,the original material conditions of traditional districts have disintegrated,and their original development characteristics have significantly weakened.Historical blocks have gradually declined,and are unable to return to their optimal positions through self-management.Thus,the brand-new model of“urban acupuncture”emerged against this backdrop.It stimulates the creativity of urban residents through small-scale political participation and promotes the recovery of their vitality with more flexible and effective development policies.It is a milder way of urbanization transformation than development and reorganization.In this study,“urban acupuncture”was as the research starting point,and the protection and renewal of historical blocks at home and abroad were studied to guide the healthy and orderly development of historical blocks.展开更多
Language policies are of great significance to a nation’s stability,unity,and development.Uzbekistan’s language policies have reflected the political,economic,and cultural dynamics of different periods throughout hi...Language policies are of great significance to a nation’s stability,unity,and development.Uzbekistan’s language policies have reflected the political,economic,and cultural dynamics of different periods throughout historical changes,influencing social structures and ethnic relations.This paper summarizes the characteristics of Uzbekistan’s language policies in different eras:During the Tsarist Russian period,the Russification of language policies hindered the development of local languages;in the Soviet era,policies adopted a dual approach,promoting both Russian and prioritizing ethnic languages;after independence,Uzbekistan established Uzbek as the state language and emphasized foreign language education.The current language policy in Uzbekistan presents a complex landscape:While emphasizing the dominant role of the national language helps preserve its heritage,it may easily spark ethnic and political tensions;promoting pluralism and inclusivity brings benefits but faces challenges in balancing language statuses,resource allocation,management,and communication;modernization efforts encounter difficulties in standardizing dialects and foreign loanwords;and in international exchanges,there is a need to balance relations with global lingua francas.In conclusion,Uzbekistan’s language policies have undergone unique transformations and face numerous challenges.In-depth research is crucial for improving the country’s policies and enhancing China-Uzbekistan cooperation.Proactive measures are needed to address these challenges,ensuring the sustainability of language policies and fostering greater national prosperity.展开更多
Towards optimal k-prototype discovery,k-means-like algorithms give us inspirations of central samples collection,yet the unstable seed samples selection,the hypothesis of a circle-like pattern,and the unknown K are st...Towards optimal k-prototype discovery,k-means-like algorithms give us inspirations of central samples collection,yet the unstable seed samples selection,the hypothesis of a circle-like pattern,and the unknown K are still challenges,particularly for non-predetermined data patterns.We propose an adaptive k-prototype clustering method(kProtoClust)which launches cluster exploration with a sketchy division of K clusters and finds evidence for splitting and merging.On behalf of a group of data samples,support vectors and outliers from the perspective of support vector data description are not the appropriate candidates for prototypes,while inner samples become the first candidates for instability reduction of seeds.Different from the representation of samples in traditional,we extend sample selection by encouraging fictitious samples to emphasize the representativeness of patterns.To get out of the circle-like pattern limitation,we introduce a convex decomposition-based strategy of one-cluster-multiple-prototypes in which convex hulls of varying sizes are prototypes,and accurate connection analysis makes the support of arbitrary cluster shapes possible.Inspired by geometry,the three presented strategies make kProtoClust bypassing the K dependence well with the global and local position relationship analysis for data samples.Experimental results on twelve datasets of irregular cluster shape or high dimension suggest that kProtoClust handles arbitrary cluster shapes with prominent accuracy even without the prior knowledge K.展开更多
Bangladesh’s long and multifaceted history has led to a system of education that is viewed as complex and fragmented.To understand what makes this particular system work,one must first explore what different ruling p...Bangladesh’s long and multifaceted history has led to a system of education that is viewed as complex and fragmented.To understand what makes this particular system work,one must first explore what different ruling powers and varying ideological frameworks have done to education in this area over the past millennium.The educational infrastructure has been left behind,populated by successive rulers with their dominant schools of thought and values.This article explores how the past contexts and various ideas,including different ideological perspectives,have given rise to what Bangladesh now has for an education system and how these persist in current definitions.展开更多
Marx scientifically summarized the experience and lessons of the Paris Commune,deeply exposed the root causes of bourgeois corruption,and emphasized the purity and advancement of the construction of proletarian politi...Marx scientifically summarized the experience and lessons of the Paris Commune,deeply exposed the root causes of bourgeois corruption,and emphasized the purity and advancement of the construction of proletarian political parties and political power.The dictatorship of the proletariat puts forward the ideas of cheap government that eradicate corruption,realizes that the people are the masters of the country,implements democratic supervision of elections,simplifies the construction of institutions,lowers governance costs,and achieves higher efficiency.A deep understanding of the theoretical characteristics of Marx’s thoughts on integrity,democracy,and honor,and a profound clarification of the practical significance of Marx’s ideology on clean governance,combined with practical practice,will help promote the construction of a new system of anti-corruption and incorruption in our country,and will benefit our contemporary services.The construction of a type-oriented government system is conducive to deepening the construction of China’s national legal system.展开更多
The primary challenge in weakly supervised semantic segmentation is effectively leveraging weak annotations while minimizing the performance gap compared to fully supervised methods.End-to-end model designs have gaine...The primary challenge in weakly supervised semantic segmentation is effectively leveraging weak annotations while minimizing the performance gap compared to fully supervised methods.End-to-end model designs have gained significant attention for improving training efficiency.Most current algorithms rely on Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)for feature extraction.Although CNNs are proficient at capturing local features,they often struggle with global context,leading to incomplete and false Class Activation Mapping(CAM).To address these limitations,this work proposes a Contextual Prototype-Based End-to-End Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation(CPEWS)model,which improves feature extraction by utilizing the Vision Transformer(ViT).By incorporating its intermediate feature layers to preserve semantic information,this work introduces the Intermediate Supervised Module(ISM)to supervise the final layer’s output,reducing boundary ambiguity and mitigating issues related to incomplete activation.Additionally,the Contextual Prototype Module(CPM)generates class-specific prototypes,while the proposed Prototype Discrimination Loss and Superclass Suppression Loss guide the network’s training,(LPDL)(LSSL)effectively addressing false activation without the need for extra supervision.The CPEWS model proposed in this paper achieves state-of-the-art performance in end-to-end weakly supervised semantic segmentation without additional supervision.The validation set and test set Mean Intersection over Union(MIoU)of PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset achieved 69.8%and 72.6%,respectively.Compared with ToCo(pre trained weight ImageNet-1k),MIoU on the test set is 2.1%higher.In addition,MIoU reached 41.4%on the validation set of the MS COCO 2014 dataset.展开更多
The Sun is the primary energy source driving the Earth's climate system.A prevailing hypothesis suggests that even minor variations in solar activity,when amplified by climate system feedback mechanisms,can induce...The Sun is the primary energy source driving the Earth's climate system.A prevailing hypothesis suggests that even minor variations in solar activity,when amplified by climate system feedback mechanisms,can induce significant climatic changes on decadal to centennial timescales.However,the limited availability of historical winter climate proxies has impeded consensus on how solar variability influences the long-term winter climate in Northeast Asia,particularly during Grand Solar Minima(GMs).In this study,we analyzed daily-resolution snowfall records in Seoul from 1625 to 1907 CE,derived from the Korean official historical chronicle Seungjeongweon Ilgi.This period encompasses both the Maunder Minimum(1645–1715 CE)and the Dalton Minimum(1790–1830 CE)of solar activity.Our findings indicate that during the GMs,the first date of annual snowfall(FDS)was delayed by approximately 10 days,and the average annual snowfall frequency(ASF)was reduced by half compared to non-GM periods.Additionally,while an 11-year solar cycle was evident in the ASF during non-GM periods,this cycle was replaced by a shortened 8-to 9-year cycle during the GMs.These variations suggest a differential regional climatic response to prolonged changes in solar activity,and provide historical insights that enhance our understanding of the potential impact of low solar activity on the winter climate in Northeast Asia.展开更多
The winter temperature variability of the Antarctic Peninsula(AP)has been proven to be influenced by sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies over the Tasman Sea.Using outputs over an extended time period from historical...The winter temperature variability of the Antarctic Peninsula(AP)has been proven to be influenced by sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies over the Tasman Sea.Using outputs over an extended time period from historical experiments,the skills of CMIP6 models in simulating the atmospheric responses to Tasman Sea SST are evaluated in this study,with an emphasis on the relationships with AP temperatures.The spatial correlation coefficient and normalized standard deviation are used as the evaluation metrics.Corresponding results suggest that the majority of CMIP6 models can capture the basic spatial distributions of Tasman Sea-related teleconnections across the Southern Hemisphere extratropical region,featuring a Pacific–South America-like pattern.However,the overestimation of atmospheric interannual variability and the underestimation of oceanic interannual variability in CMIP6 models result in a considerable amplification of the atmospheric responses to SST anomalies.The model uncertainty in depicting the relationships between Tasman Sea SSTs and AP surface temperatures,as well as the associated teleconnections,can partially be attributed to variations in grid resolutions among models.Additionally,further analysis of the Antarctic sea ice shows that the Tasman Sea SST may contribute to the interannual variability of the Antarctic dipole in CMIP6.展开更多
In light of the swift advancement of China’s domestic social economy,the sustainable development of urban areas,the restoration of urban cultural contexts,the activation of urban cultural gene and space,and the progr...In light of the swift advancement of China’s domestic social economy,the sustainable development of urban areas,the restoration of urban cultural contexts,the activation of urban cultural gene and space,and the progression of cities towards renewal,innovation,and development are inextricably linked to the evolution of urban culture.This encompasses the development of urban cultural ecology,urban cultural spaces,and the enhancement of urban cultural soft power.Furthermore,international cultural exchanges,interactions,and trade can significantly contribute to the advancement of urban culture.The physical manifestation of urban culture is represented by urban historical heritage space.A comprehensive integration,analysis,and synthesis of various literatures concerning urban historical heritage spaces reveal that the cultural value of these spaces is intrinsically linked to urban culture.Additionally,the revitalization strategies for urban historical heritage space are evident in the propaganda,activation,and cultivation of urban culture.展开更多
In the last two decades,seismic resilience(SR)has been developed as a main concept for the assessment of the structural vulnerabilities of buildings and city centres.In particular,historical centers consist of adjacen...In the last two decades,seismic resilience(SR)has been developed as a main concept for the assessment of the structural vulnerabilities of buildings and city centres.In particular,historical centers consist of adjacent buildings organized in blocks with common characteristics and similar typologies.The paper proposes a meth-odology to quantify SR for urban regions,by overcoming the state of the art studies that focus on assessing the SR for singular buildings.In this regard,the presented methodology may calculate the SR of blocks of buildings for the assessment of recovery investments of historical city centers.The main idea is to assess the level of vulnerability by accurate 3D surveys and visual inspections in order to select empirical fragility curves.The proposed methodology was herein applied to the city center of San Marino,designated by UNESCO as a world heritage site.展开更多
As global urbanization accelerates,the spatial vitality of historical urban areas has become a critical issue in urban regeneration and sustainable development.Some existing spatial vitality evaluation frameworks fail...As global urbanization accelerates,the spatial vitality of historical urban areas has become a critical issue in urban regeneration and sustainable development.Some existing spatial vitality evaluation frameworks fail to integrate multiple dimensions effectively,limiting their capacity to capture the dynamic complexity of these areas comprehensively.This study utilizes multi-source big data and deep learning technologies to propose a new multidimensional evaluation system for spatial vitality,improving existing models and systematically analyzing distribution patterns and formation mechanisms.The research results show that:(1)The spatial vitality of Changsha’s historical urban area exhibits a distinct“core-periphery”pattern.Core commercial zones show high vitality due to functional concentration,whereas peripheral areas have weaker vitality because of lower physical space quality and limited functional diversity.(2)Through correlation and principal component analyses,five key factors influencing spatial vitality were identified:emotional perception,visual aesthetics,spatial attractiveness,Functionality and Structure,and traffic conditions.(3)Bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis further revealed spatial clustering effects between spatial vitality and its key factors,emphasizing the potential for enhancing functional diversity and optimizing road traffic conditions in core areas.The study’s findings offer scientific guidance for urban regeneration and policy-making,particularly in optimizing spatial layouts,enhancing vitality,and fostering the coordinated development of cultural heritage protection,providing valuable insights for other developing countries.展开更多
Renewable energy,especially solar power,is vital for mitigating global warming,while climate change also impacts solar photovoltaic potential(PVpot).This study analyzes historical(1985–2014)and future(2015–2100)clim...Renewable energy,especially solar power,is vital for mitigating global warming,while climate change also impacts solar photovoltaic potential(PVpot).This study analyzes historical(1985–2014)and future(2015–2100)climate effects on PVpot,and quantifies contributions from changed radiation,temperature,and wind speed.Historically,global PVpot increased by 0.42‰,with notable rises in eastern China(+7.1‰)and southern Europe(+3.5‰).By the end of the century,increased radiation-induced PVpot(+1.27‰)offsets temperatureinduced PVpot loss(−0.54‰)under SSP1-2.6,yielding a net PVpot increase(+0.74‰).Under SSP2-4.5,the temperature-induced PVpot decline(−1.50‰)drives the final PVpot reduction(−1.15‰).Under SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5,combined radiation-induced(−1.94‰and−1.99‰)and temperature-induced PVpot changes(−2.67‰and−3.41‰)result in significant PVpot declines(−4.57‰and−5.31‰).Regional analysis reveals that eastern China(+0.7‰to+8.6‰),southern Europe(+0.3‰to+2.5‰),and Northwest South America(+0.6‰to+2.1‰)retain positive changes in future PVpot across all climate scenarios,which may be due to reduced aerosols and cloud cover,suggesting these areas can remain suitable for photovoltaic installations despite climate changes.In contrast,temperature-driven PVpot declines over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(−9.1‰to−4.3‰)and northern Africa(−9.3‰to−4.9‰)under future high-emission scenarios indicate that these historically advantageous regions will become less suitable for solar energy deployment.The findings underscore that climate changes driven by sustainable development pathways will generate more PVpot in the future for better global warming mitigation.展开更多
文摘Background:A significant challenge regarding notable historical figures is determining the accuracy of the words and actions attributed to them with the limited available evidence,when their biographers have presented a biased life assessment.Lauded as a founding suffragette,the first female school principal,and the first white female practicing physician in Canada,Dr.Emily Stowe did not help historians.She destroyed her records,leaving her life story to be told by her daughter,who portrayed her as a heroine–a view that has persisted since the start of the 20th century.To improve the accuracy of assessing the life of Emily Stowe,as much information as possible about Stowe must be collected and interpreted.Methods:Presented is a narrative research method for analyzing historical figures that examines 22 life-changing events in the life of Stowe by answering six types of questions about each event:when,where,who,what,how,and why.Results:This narrative research,representing a psychoanalytic research process,finds that much of the repeated story of Stowe is either exaggerated or likely false.Conclusion:Following the example of Emily Stowe,this unique method is applicable for improving the historical accuracy in assessing the lives of other notable figures.It represents a method extendable to those currently alive,outside the public eye,searching to develop their own narrative.
基金supported by The China Ethnic Medicine Association Research Grant(No.2023MY055-81)Science and Technology Program of the Joint Fund of Scientific Research for the Public Hospitals of Inner Mongolia Academy of Medical Sciences(2023GLLHD177,2023GLLH0174)Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Regional Medical Center for Specialized Care(2025).
文摘Serbisütherapy(ST)is a distinctive external treatment modality within traditional Mongolian medicine(TMM),historically developed within a nomadic cultural framework.This study presents a comprehensive philological and historical analysis of ST,tracing its evolution from early battlefield applications to contemporary clinical use.By critically examining classical Mongolian medical texts alongside modern case studies,we aim to systematize ST’s therapeutic methods,indications,and limitations,while exploring its mechanisms of action through both traditional theory and modern biomedical perspectives.ST has undergone significant transformation,shifting from whole-body cavity immersion in the 13th century to targeted,organ-specific applications in modern practice.Its four primary methods–Covering,Mounted,Organ Placement,and Suction–demonstrate efficacy in treating cold-natured diseases,musculoskeletal disorders,gynecological conditions,and certain emergencies.ST embodies the core principles of TMM,particularly the balance of the“Three Roots”and the correction of cold-induced pathologies through heat.Despite challenges related to standardization,cultural translation,and regulatory acceptance,ST holds translational potential for integrative medicine.Future research should prioritize mechanistic validation,clinical standardization,and the development of biocompatible thermal technologies to bridge traditional practice with modern healthcare systems.
文摘无监督异常检测因只需要正常样本进行训练而被广泛应用于工业质检等领域。直接将现有的单类别异常检测方法应用到多类别异常检测中会导致性能显著下降,其中基于知识蒸馏的异常检测方法将预训练的教师模型关于正常样本的特征知识蒸馏到学生模型中,然而它们在多类别异常检测中存在无法保证学生模型只学习到正常样本知识的问题。文中提出一种基于反向知识蒸馏框架的无监督多类别异常检测方法(Prototype based Reverse Distillation,PRD),其通过Multi-class Normal Prototype模块和Sparse Prototype Recall训练策略来学习教师模型关于多类别正常样本特征的Prototype,并以此来过滤学生模型的输入特征,从而确保学生模型只学习到教师模型关于正常样本的特征知识。PRD在多种工业异常检测数据集上性能均超越了现有的SOTA方法,定性、定量和消融实验验证了PRD整体框架和内部模块的有效性。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42330810)Major Science and Technology Project of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company(ZDZX2021-01).
文摘Based on the analysis of surface geological survey,exploratory well,gravity-magnetic-electric and seismic data,and through mapping the sedimentary basin and its peripheral orogenic belts together,this paper explores systematically the boundary,distribution,geological structure,and tectonic attributes of the Ordos prototype basin in the geological historical periods.The results show that the Ordos block is bounded to the west by the Engorwusu Fault Zone,to the east by the Taihangshan Mountain Piedmont Fault Zone,to the north by the Solonker-Xilamuron Suture Zone,and to the south by the Shangnan-Danfeng Suture Zone.The Ordos Basin boundary was the plate tectonic boundary during the Middle Proterozoic to Paleozoic,and the intra-continental deformation boundary in the Meso-Cenozoic.The basin survived as a marine cratonic basin covering the entire Ordos block during the Middle Proterozoic to Ordovician,a marine-continental transitional depression basin enclosed by an island arc uplift belt at the plate margin during the Carboniferous to Permian,a unified intra-continental lacustrine depression basin in the Triassic,and an intra-continental cratonic basin circled by a rift system in the Cenozoic.The basin scope has been decreasing till the present.The large,widespread prototype basin controlled the exploration area far beyond the present-day sedimentary basin boundary,with multiple target plays vertically.The Ordos Basin has the characteristics of a whole petroleum(or deposition)system.The Middle Proterozoic wide-rift system as a typical basin under the overlying Phanerozoic basin and the Cambrian-Ordovician passive margin basin and intra-cratonic depression in the deep-sited basin will be the important successions for oil and gas exploration in the coming years.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62125306)Zhejiang Key Research and Development Project(2024C01163)the State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology,China(ICT2024A06)
文摘In recent decades,control performance monitoring(CPM)has experienced remarkable progress in research and industrial applications.While CPM research has been investigated using various benchmarks,the historical data benchmark(HIS)has garnered the most attention due to its practicality and effectiveness.However,existing CPM reviews usually focus on the theoretical benchmark,and there is a lack of an in-depth review that thoroughly explores HIS-based methods.In this article,a comprehensive overview of HIS-based CPM is provided.First,we provide a novel static-dynamic perspective on data-level manifestations of control performance underlying typical controller capacities including regulation and servo:static and dynamic properties.The static property portrays time-independent variability in system output,and the dynamic property describes temporal behavior driven by closed-loop feedback.Accordingly,existing HIS-based CPM approaches and their intrinsic motivations are classified and analyzed from these two perspectives.Specifically,two mainstream solutions for CPM methods are summarized,including static analysis and dynamic analysis,which match data-driven techniques with actual controlling behavior.Furthermore,this paper also points out various opportunities and challenges faced in CPM for modern industry and provides promising directions in the context of artificial intelligence for inspiring future research.
文摘This article is a summary of the historical background to Isatis tinctoria in France and elsewhere from the 12th to the 21st century. Isatis tinctoria, also called “Guède”, “Pastel” or “Vouède” according to the French region origin, is a plant originally used to obtain indigo blue dye mainly to produce colored blue fabrics. A local memory is well established in the Amiens region (northern France) and the Toulouse region (south-western France). No global review of its culture and trade over the long term is known. The aim of this article is to summarize the historical background of Isatis tinctoria in France and elsewhere from the twelfth to the twenty-first century.
基金Supported by the Philosophy and Social Science Project of Jiangsu Province,China(2024SJYB1403).
文摘In order to further explore the rich connotation of Huai'an historical and cultural space and the Grand Canal culture,the synchronicity of urban spatial pattern and historical buildings of Huai'an was studied under the guidance of synchronic theory and method.It is found that there are the identity and reality law of the development and change of Huai'an historical and cultural space and the Grand Canal cultural system,and it is deduced that there is a spiraling systematic structure chain between the historical and cultural space of Huai'an and the Grand Canal culture,which provides a theoretical reference for promoting the deepening construction of regional culture,the Grand Canal cultural belt and national cultural parks.
基金supported in part by the Gansu Haizhi Characteristic Demonstration Project(No.GSHZTS2022-2).
文摘Since the introduction of vision Transformers into the computer vision field,many vision tasks such as semantic segmentation tasks,have undergone radical changes.Although Transformer enhances the correlation of each local feature of an image object in the hidden space through the attention mechanism,it is difficult for a segmentation head to accomplish the mask prediction for dense embedding of multi-category and multi-local features.We present patch prototype vision Transformer(PPFormer),a Transformer architecture for semantic segmentation based on knowledge-embedded patch prototypes.1)The hierarchical Transformer encoder can generate multi-scale and multi-layered patch features including seamless patch projection to obtain information of multiscale patches,and feature-clustered self-attention to enhance the interplay of multi-layered visual information with implicit position encodes.2)PPFormer utilizes a non-parametric prototype decoder to extract region observations which represent significant parts of the objects by unlearnable patch prototypes and then calculate similarity between patch prototypes and pixel embeddings.The proposed contrasting patch prototype alignment module,which uses new patch prototypes to update prototype bank,effectively maintains class boundaries for prototypes.For different application scenarios,we have launched PPFormer-S,PPFormer-M and PPFormer-L by expanding the scale.Experimental results demonstrate that PPFormer can outperform fully convolutional networks(FCN)-and attention-based semantic segmentation models on the PASCAL VOC 2012,ADE20k,and Cityscapes datasets.
文摘Looking back upon the history of world development,although cities in various regions have all gone through different historical development stages in the process of urbanization,all urbanization will also go through the process of“construction-development-decline-renewal”.Against this backdrop,the original material conditions of traditional districts have disintegrated,and their original development characteristics have significantly weakened.Historical blocks have gradually declined,and are unable to return to their optimal positions through self-management.Thus,the brand-new model of“urban acupuncture”emerged against this backdrop.It stimulates the creativity of urban residents through small-scale political participation and promotes the recovery of their vitality with more flexible and effective development policies.It is a milder way of urbanization transformation than development and reorganization.In this study,“urban acupuncture”was as the research starting point,and the protection and renewal of historical blocks at home and abroad were studied to guide the healthy and orderly development of historical blocks.
基金the 2023 Open Project of the Kazakhstan Research Center at YiIi Normal University,Study on National Language Education Policy in Kazakhstan Under the Belt and Road Initiative(No.2023HSKSTYJYB007).
文摘Language policies are of great significance to a nation’s stability,unity,and development.Uzbekistan’s language policies have reflected the political,economic,and cultural dynamics of different periods throughout historical changes,influencing social structures and ethnic relations.This paper summarizes the characteristics of Uzbekistan’s language policies in different eras:During the Tsarist Russian period,the Russification of language policies hindered the development of local languages;in the Soviet era,policies adopted a dual approach,promoting both Russian and prioritizing ethnic languages;after independence,Uzbekistan established Uzbek as the state language and emphasized foreign language education.The current language policy in Uzbekistan presents a complex landscape:While emphasizing the dominant role of the national language helps preserve its heritage,it may easily spark ethnic and political tensions;promoting pluralism and inclusivity brings benefits but faces challenges in balancing language statuses,resource allocation,management,and communication;modernization efforts encounter difficulties in standardizing dialects and foreign loanwords;and in international exchanges,there is a need to balance relations with global lingua francas.In conclusion,Uzbekistan’s language policies have undergone unique transformations and face numerous challenges.In-depth research is crucial for improving the country’s policies and enhancing China-Uzbekistan cooperation.Proactive measures are needed to address these challenges,ensuring the sustainability of language policies and fostering greater national prosperity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62162009the Key Technologies R&D Program of He’nan Province under Grant No.242102211065+1 种基金the Scientific Research Innovation Team of Xuchang University under GrantNo.2022CXTD003Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Improvement Project of Henan Province under Grant No.YJS2024JD38.
文摘Towards optimal k-prototype discovery,k-means-like algorithms give us inspirations of central samples collection,yet the unstable seed samples selection,the hypothesis of a circle-like pattern,and the unknown K are still challenges,particularly for non-predetermined data patterns.We propose an adaptive k-prototype clustering method(kProtoClust)which launches cluster exploration with a sketchy division of K clusters and finds evidence for splitting and merging.On behalf of a group of data samples,support vectors and outliers from the perspective of support vector data description are not the appropriate candidates for prototypes,while inner samples become the first candidates for instability reduction of seeds.Different from the representation of samples in traditional,we extend sample selection by encouraging fictitious samples to emphasize the representativeness of patterns.To get out of the circle-like pattern limitation,we introduce a convex decomposition-based strategy of one-cluster-multiple-prototypes in which convex hulls of varying sizes are prototypes,and accurate connection analysis makes the support of arbitrary cluster shapes possible.Inspired by geometry,the three presented strategies make kProtoClust bypassing the K dependence well with the global and local position relationship analysis for data samples.Experimental results on twelve datasets of irregular cluster shape or high dimension suggest that kProtoClust handles arbitrary cluster shapes with prominent accuracy even without the prior knowledge K.
文摘Bangladesh’s long and multifaceted history has led to a system of education that is viewed as complex and fragmented.To understand what makes this particular system work,one must first explore what different ruling powers and varying ideological frameworks have done to education in this area over the past millennium.The educational infrastructure has been left behind,populated by successive rulers with their dominant schools of thought and values.This article explores how the past contexts and various ideas,including different ideological perspectives,have given rise to what Bangladesh now has for an education system and how these persist in current definitions.
基金Chongqing Social Science Planning Project“Research on the Practical Path of Leading and Cultivating Youth Responsibility and Commitment with the Spirit of Struggle”(2021YBCS24)。
文摘Marx scientifically summarized the experience and lessons of the Paris Commune,deeply exposed the root causes of bourgeois corruption,and emphasized the purity and advancement of the construction of proletarian political parties and political power.The dictatorship of the proletariat puts forward the ideas of cheap government that eradicate corruption,realizes that the people are the masters of the country,implements democratic supervision of elections,simplifies the construction of institutions,lowers governance costs,and achieves higher efficiency.A deep understanding of the theoretical characteristics of Marx’s thoughts on integrity,democracy,and honor,and a profound clarification of the practical significance of Marx’s ideology on clean governance,combined with practical practice,will help promote the construction of a new system of anti-corruption and incorruption in our country,and will benefit our contemporary services.The construction of a type-oriented government system is conducive to deepening the construction of China’s national legal system.
基金funding from the following sources:National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1904119)Research Programs of Henan Science and Technology Department(232102210054)+3 种基金Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0070)Henan Province Key Research and Development Project(231111212000)Aviation Science Foundation(20230001055002)supported by Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists(GZS2022011).
文摘The primary challenge in weakly supervised semantic segmentation is effectively leveraging weak annotations while minimizing the performance gap compared to fully supervised methods.End-to-end model designs have gained significant attention for improving training efficiency.Most current algorithms rely on Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)for feature extraction.Although CNNs are proficient at capturing local features,they often struggle with global context,leading to incomplete and false Class Activation Mapping(CAM).To address these limitations,this work proposes a Contextual Prototype-Based End-to-End Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation(CPEWS)model,which improves feature extraction by utilizing the Vision Transformer(ViT).By incorporating its intermediate feature layers to preserve semantic information,this work introduces the Intermediate Supervised Module(ISM)to supervise the final layer’s output,reducing boundary ambiguity and mitigating issues related to incomplete activation.Additionally,the Contextual Prototype Module(CPM)generates class-specific prototypes,while the proposed Prototype Discrimination Loss and Superclass Suppression Loss guide the network’s training,(LPDL)(LSSL)effectively addressing false activation without the need for extra supervision.The CPEWS model proposed in this paper achieves state-of-the-art performance in end-to-end weakly supervised semantic segmentation without additional supervision.The validation set and test set Mean Intersection over Union(MIoU)of PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset achieved 69.8%and 72.6%,respectively.Compared with ToCo(pre trained weight ImageNet-1k),MIoU on the test set is 2.1%higher.In addition,MIoU reached 41.4%on the validation set of the MS COCO 2014 dataset.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42388101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42241106)CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Team(JCTD-2021-05).
文摘The Sun is the primary energy source driving the Earth's climate system.A prevailing hypothesis suggests that even minor variations in solar activity,when amplified by climate system feedback mechanisms,can induce significant climatic changes on decadal to centennial timescales.However,the limited availability of historical winter climate proxies has impeded consensus on how solar variability influences the long-term winter climate in Northeast Asia,particularly during Grand Solar Minima(GMs).In this study,we analyzed daily-resolution snowfall records in Seoul from 1625 to 1907 CE,derived from the Korean official historical chronicle Seungjeongweon Ilgi.This period encompasses both the Maunder Minimum(1645–1715 CE)and the Dalton Minimum(1790–1830 CE)of solar activity.Our findings indicate that during the GMs,the first date of annual snowfall(FDS)was delayed by approximately 10 days,and the average annual snowfall frequency(ASF)was reduced by half compared to non-GM periods.Additionally,while an 11-year solar cycle was evident in the ASF during non-GM periods,this cycle was replaced by a shortened 8-to 9-year cycle during the GMs.These variations suggest a differential regional climatic response to prolonged changes in solar activity,and provide historical insights that enhance our understanding of the potential impact of low solar activity on the winter climate in Northeast Asia.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42375027)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2023A1515010889)。
文摘The winter temperature variability of the Antarctic Peninsula(AP)has been proven to be influenced by sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies over the Tasman Sea.Using outputs over an extended time period from historical experiments,the skills of CMIP6 models in simulating the atmospheric responses to Tasman Sea SST are evaluated in this study,with an emphasis on the relationships with AP temperatures.The spatial correlation coefficient and normalized standard deviation are used as the evaluation metrics.Corresponding results suggest that the majority of CMIP6 models can capture the basic spatial distributions of Tasman Sea-related teleconnections across the Southern Hemisphere extratropical region,featuring a Pacific–South America-like pattern.However,the overestimation of atmospheric interannual variability and the underestimation of oceanic interannual variability in CMIP6 models result in a considerable amplification of the atmospheric responses to SST anomalies.The model uncertainty in depicting the relationships between Tasman Sea SSTs and AP surface temperatures,as well as the associated teleconnections,can partially be attributed to variations in grid resolutions among models.Additionally,further analysis of the Antarctic sea ice shows that the Tasman Sea SST may contribute to the interannual variability of the Antarctic dipole in CMIP6.
文摘In light of the swift advancement of China’s domestic social economy,the sustainable development of urban areas,the restoration of urban cultural contexts,the activation of urban cultural gene and space,and the progression of cities towards renewal,innovation,and development are inextricably linked to the evolution of urban culture.This encompasses the development of urban cultural ecology,urban cultural spaces,and the enhancement of urban cultural soft power.Furthermore,international cultural exchanges,interactions,and trade can significantly contribute to the advancement of urban culture.The physical manifestation of urban culture is represented by urban historical heritage space.A comprehensive integration,analysis,and synthesis of various literatures concerning urban historical heritage spaces reveal that the cultural value of these spaces is intrinsically linked to urban culture.Additionally,the revitalization strategies for urban historical heritage space are evident in the propaganda,activation,and cultivation of urban culture.
文摘In the last two decades,seismic resilience(SR)has been developed as a main concept for the assessment of the structural vulnerabilities of buildings and city centres.In particular,historical centers consist of adjacent buildings organized in blocks with common characteristics and similar typologies.The paper proposes a meth-odology to quantify SR for urban regions,by overcoming the state of the art studies that focus on assessing the SR for singular buildings.In this regard,the presented methodology may calculate the SR of blocks of buildings for the assessment of recovery investments of historical city centers.The main idea is to assess the level of vulnerability by accurate 3D surveys and visual inspections in order to select empirical fragility curves.The proposed methodology was herein applied to the city center of San Marino,designated by UNESCO as a world heritage site.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52278059)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(Grant No.2024JJ8316).
文摘As global urbanization accelerates,the spatial vitality of historical urban areas has become a critical issue in urban regeneration and sustainable development.Some existing spatial vitality evaluation frameworks fail to integrate multiple dimensions effectively,limiting their capacity to capture the dynamic complexity of these areas comprehensively.This study utilizes multi-source big data and deep learning technologies to propose a new multidimensional evaluation system for spatial vitality,improving existing models and systematically analyzing distribution patterns and formation mechanisms.The research results show that:(1)The spatial vitality of Changsha’s historical urban area exhibits a distinct“core-periphery”pattern.Core commercial zones show high vitality due to functional concentration,whereas peripheral areas have weaker vitality because of lower physical space quality and limited functional diversity.(2)Through correlation and principal component analyses,five key factors influencing spatial vitality were identified:emotional perception,visual aesthetics,spatial attractiveness,Functionality and Structure,and traffic conditions.(3)Bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis further revealed spatial clustering effects between spatial vitality and its key factors,emphasizing the potential for enhancing functional diversity and optimizing road traffic conditions in core areas.The study’s findings offer scientific guidance for urban regeneration and policy-making,particularly in optimizing spatial layouts,enhancing vitality,and fostering the coordinated development of cultural heritage protection,providing valuable insights for other developing countries.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province[grant number BK20220031]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42007195].
文摘Renewable energy,especially solar power,is vital for mitigating global warming,while climate change also impacts solar photovoltaic potential(PVpot).This study analyzes historical(1985–2014)and future(2015–2100)climate effects on PVpot,and quantifies contributions from changed radiation,temperature,and wind speed.Historically,global PVpot increased by 0.42‰,with notable rises in eastern China(+7.1‰)and southern Europe(+3.5‰).By the end of the century,increased radiation-induced PVpot(+1.27‰)offsets temperatureinduced PVpot loss(−0.54‰)under SSP1-2.6,yielding a net PVpot increase(+0.74‰).Under SSP2-4.5,the temperature-induced PVpot decline(−1.50‰)drives the final PVpot reduction(−1.15‰).Under SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5,combined radiation-induced(−1.94‰and−1.99‰)and temperature-induced PVpot changes(−2.67‰and−3.41‰)result in significant PVpot declines(−4.57‰and−5.31‰).Regional analysis reveals that eastern China(+0.7‰to+8.6‰),southern Europe(+0.3‰to+2.5‰),and Northwest South America(+0.6‰to+2.1‰)retain positive changes in future PVpot across all climate scenarios,which may be due to reduced aerosols and cloud cover,suggesting these areas can remain suitable for photovoltaic installations despite climate changes.In contrast,temperature-driven PVpot declines over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(−9.1‰to−4.3‰)and northern Africa(−9.3‰to−4.9‰)under future high-emission scenarios indicate that these historically advantageous regions will become less suitable for solar energy deployment.The findings underscore that climate changes driven by sustainable development pathways will generate more PVpot in the future for better global warming mitigation.
