In this paper,a set of closed-form formulas for vector Finite Element Method(FEM) to analyze three dimensional electromagnetic problems is presented on the basis of Gaussian quadrature integration scheme.By analyzing ...In this paper,a set of closed-form formulas for vector Finite Element Method(FEM) to analyze three dimensional electromagnetic problems is presented on the basis of Gaussian quadrature integration scheme.By analyzing the open region problems,the first-order Absorbing Boundary Condition(ABC) is considered as the truncation boundary condition and the equation is carried out in a closed-form.Based on the formulas,the hybrid Expanded Cholesky Method(ECM) and MultiFrontal algorithm(MF) is applied to solve finite element equations.Using the closed-form solution,the elec-tromagnetic field of three dimensional targets can be studied sententiously and accurately.Simulation results show that the presented formulas are successfully and concise,which can be easily used to analyze three dimensional electromagnetic problems.展开更多
Apertures generally exist in the sandwich structures attributing to mechanical connection and lightweight, which might induce failure of such structures. Thus, it is required to realize the impact of aperture on mecha...Apertures generally exist in the sandwich structures attributing to mechanical connection and lightweight, which might induce failure of such structures. Thus, it is required to realize the impact of aperture on mechanical behaviors of sandwich structures. If transverse shear deformations are unable to be described accurately, the reasonable prediction of dynamic behaviors of the form-core sandwich plates with apertures will meet severe challenges due to a large difference of transverse shear modulus at the adjacent layers. Thereby, such issue is less studied by using the efficient models and experimental testing, so an alternative sinusoidal-type finite element formulation is to be proposed to precisely predict dynamic response of the form-core sandwich structures with apertures. The proposed finite element formulation can meet beforehand compatible conditions of transverse shear stresses at the interfaces of adjacent laminates. In order to appraise strictly capability of the proposed model, experimental tests on natural frequencies of three groups of specimens with different apertures have been carried out. Moreover, four specimens in each group are tested to reduce the testing errors, which is less reported in the published literature. In addition,three-dimensional Finite Element Method(3-D FEM) is also selected to account for the good performance of the present model. Finally, the impact of aperture diameter on the natural frequencies of the sandwich structures is both experimentally and numerically investigated, which can serve as a reference for other researchers.展开更多
The vibration characteristics and dynamic responses of rock and soil under seismic load can be estimated with dynamic finite element method （DFEM）. Combining with the DFEM, the vector sum analysis method （VSAM） is...The vibration characteristics and dynamic responses of rock and soil under seismic load can be estimated with dynamic finite element method （DFEM）. Combining with the DFEM, the vector sum analysis method （VSAM） is employed in seismic stability analysis of a slope in this paper. Different from other conventional methods, the VSAM is proposed based on the vector characteristic of force and current stress state of the slope. The dynamic stress state of the slope at any moment under seismic load can he obtained by the DFEM, thus the factor of safety of the slope at any moment during earthquake can be easily obtained with the VSAM in consideration of the DFEM. Then, the global stability of the slope can be estimated on the basis of time-history curve of factor of safety and reliability theory. The VSAM is applied to a homogeneous slope under seismic load. The factor of safety of the slope is 1.30 under gravity only and the dynamic factor of safety under seismic load is 1.21. The calculating results show that the dynamic characteristics and stability state of the slope with input ground motion can be actually analyzed. It is believed that the VSAM is a feasible and practical approach to estimate the dynamic stability of slopes under seismic load.展开更多
A novel,highly efficient and accurate adaptive higher-order finite element method(hp-FEM)is used to simulate a multi-frequency resistivity loggingwhile-drilling(LWD)tool response in a borehole environment.Presented in...A novel,highly efficient and accurate adaptive higher-order finite element method(hp-FEM)is used to simulate a multi-frequency resistivity loggingwhile-drilling(LWD)tool response in a borehole environment.Presented in this study are the vector expression of Maxwell’s equations,three kinds of boundary conditions,stability weak formulation of Maxwell’s equations,and automatic hpadaptivity strategy.The new hp-FEM can select optimal refinement and calculation strategies based on the practical formation model and error estimation.Numerical experiments show that the new hp-FEM has an exponential convergence rate in terms of relative error in a user-prescribed quantity of interest against the degrees of freedom,which provides more accurate results than those obtained using the adaptive h-FEM.The numerical results illustrate the high efficiency and accuracy of the method at a given LWD tool structure and parameters in different physical models,which further confirm the accuracy of the results using the Hermes library(http://hpfem.org/hermes)with a multi-frequency resistivity LWD tool response in a borehole environment.展开更多
Higher-order Time Domain Finite Element Method (TDFEM) based on the nodal inter- polation is proposed for two-dimensional electromagnetic analysis. The detailed algorithms of the method are presented firstly, and then...Higher-order Time Domain Finite Element Method (TDFEM) based on the nodal inter- polation is proposed for two-dimensional electromagnetic analysis. The detailed algorithms of the method are presented firstly, and then the accuracy, CPU time and memory consumption of the higher-order node-based TDFEM are investigated. The high performance of the presented approach is validated by numerical results of the transient responses of Transverse Electric (TE) field and Transverse Magnetic (TM) field in a rectangular waveguide.展开更多
Eigenvalues of the dielectric-filled waveguide are of great importance to its transmission characteristic analysis and optimization design, which could be easily affected by spatially uncertain dielectric parameters. ...Eigenvalues of the dielectric-filled waveguide are of great importance to its transmission characteristic analysis and optimization design, which could be easily affected by spatially uncertain dielectric parameters. For the sake of quantifying their influence on eigenvalues of the dielectric-filled waveguide and overcoming the limitation of less samples, an interval vector finite element method(IVFEM) is proposed to acquire the lower and upper bounds of the eigenvalues with spatial uncertainty of the medium parameters. Firstly, the uncertain dielectric material properties are described by the interval field model and the corresponding interval Karhunen-Loève(K-L) approximate method. Secondly, by inserting the interval uncertainties into the constitutive relationship of the standard generalized eigenvalue equations of the dielectric-filled waveguide, an interval standard generalized eigenvalue equation is then formulated. At last, the lower and upper bounds of the eigenvalues are calculated according to the first-order perturbation method, which can be used to estimate the transmission properties of the waveguide efficiently. Three kinds of the dielectric-filled waveguides are analyzed by the proposed IVFEM and verified by Monte Carlo simulation method.展开更多
The multi-cavity soft actuator is assembled from single-cavity soft actuator through a reasonable geometric distribution.It has the characteristic that the pneumatic soft actuator is driven by its own deformation and ...The multi-cavity soft actuator is assembled from single-cavity soft actuator through a reasonable geometric distribution.It has the characteristic that the pneumatic soft actuator is driven by its own deformation and has more degrees of freedom.Pneumatic soft actuator is widely used as an emerging discipline and its strong compliance has been greatly developed and applied.However,as the most application potential type of soft actuators,there is still a lack of simple and effective deformation prediction methods for studying the spatial deformation of multi-cavity soft actuators.To solve this problem,a vector equation method is proposed based on the analysis of the principle of the space deformation of the two-cavity,three-cavity and four-cavity soft actuators.Furthermore,a nonlinear mathematical model of the air pressure,space position and deformation trajectory of the soft actuator end is established by combining the vector equation method.Finally,the three-channel soft actuator is verified through experiments.The results show that the mathematical model can better predict the space deformation trajectory of the soft actuator,which provides a new research method for studying the space deformation of the multi-channel soft actuator.展开更多
Flows around a circular cylinder displaying an unsteady vortex shedding process at the Reynolds numbers of 1000,3900 and 1×104 are studied using a finite-volume Total Variation Diminishing（TVD） scheme for solvi...Flows around a circular cylinder displaying an unsteady vortex shedding process at the Reynolds numbers of 1000,3900 and 1×104 are studied using a finite-volume Total Variation Diminishing（TVD） scheme for solving the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes（URANS） equations.An Elemental Velocity Vector Transformation（EVVT） approach is proposed for the local normal and tangential velocity transformation at the interfaces of main and satellite elements.The presented method is validated by comparing with the available experimental data and numerical results.It is shown that the two-dimensional TVD finite volume method with the Renormalization Group（RNG） turbulence model can be used to determine hydrodynamic forces and captures vortex shedding characteristics very well.展开更多
In this paper, responses of a new dual-induction resistivity logging-while-drilling （LWD） tool in 3D inhomogeneous formation models are simulated by the vectorfinite element method （VFEM）, the influences of the bo...In this paper, responses of a new dual-induction resistivity logging-while-drilling （LWD） tool in 3D inhomogeneous formation models are simulated by the vectorfinite element method （VFEM）, the influences of the borehole, invaded zone, surroundingstrata, and tool eccentricity are analyzed, and calibration loop parameters and calibrationcoefficients of the LWD tool are discussed. The results show that the tool has a greater depthof investigation than that of the existing electromagnetic propagation LWD tools and is moresensitive to azimuthal conductivity. Both deep and medium induction responses have linearrelationships with the formation conductivity, considering optimal calibration loop parametersand calibration coefficients. Due to the different depths of investigation and resolution, deepinduction and medium induction are affected differently by the formation model parameters,thereby having different correction factors. The simulation results can provide theoreticalreferences for the research and interpretation of the dual-induction resistivity LWD tools.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No. 60801039)
文摘In this paper,a set of closed-form formulas for vector Finite Element Method(FEM) to analyze three dimensional electromagnetic problems is presented on the basis of Gaussian quadrature integration scheme.By analyzing the open region problems,the first-order Absorbing Boundary Condition(ABC) is considered as the truncation boundary condition and the equation is carried out in a closed-form.Based on the formulas,the hybrid Expanded Cholesky Method(ECM) and MultiFrontal algorithm(MF) is applied to solve finite element equations.Using the closed-form solution,the elec-tromagnetic field of three dimensional targets can be studied sententiously and accurately.Simulation results show that the presented formulas are successfully and concise,which can be easily used to analyze three dimensional electromagnetic problems.
基金supported by SKLLIM1902the Natural Science Foundation in Shaanxi Province,China(No.2019JQ-909)。
文摘Apertures generally exist in the sandwich structures attributing to mechanical connection and lightweight, which might induce failure of such structures. Thus, it is required to realize the impact of aperture on mechanical behaviors of sandwich structures. If transverse shear deformations are unable to be described accurately, the reasonable prediction of dynamic behaviors of the form-core sandwich plates with apertures will meet severe challenges due to a large difference of transverse shear modulus at the adjacent layers. Thereby, such issue is less studied by using the efficient models and experimental testing, so an alternative sinusoidal-type finite element formulation is to be proposed to precisely predict dynamic response of the form-core sandwich structures with apertures. The proposed finite element formulation can meet beforehand compatible conditions of transverse shear stresses at the interfaces of adjacent laminates. In order to appraise strictly capability of the proposed model, experimental tests on natural frequencies of three groups of specimens with different apertures have been carried out. Moreover, four specimens in each group are tested to reduce the testing errors, which is less reported in the published literature. In addition,three-dimensional Finite Element Method(3-D FEM) is also selected to account for the good performance of the present model. Finally, the impact of aperture diameter on the natural frequencies of the sandwich structures is both experimentally and numerically investigated, which can serve as a reference for other researchers.
基金Supported by the Program of Yunnan Provincial Institute of Communications Planning,Design and Research (2011(D)11-b)
文摘The vibration characteristics and dynamic responses of rock and soil under seismic load can be estimated with dynamic finite element method （DFEM）. Combining with the DFEM, the vector sum analysis method （VSAM） is employed in seismic stability analysis of a slope in this paper. Different from other conventional methods, the VSAM is proposed based on the vector characteristic of force and current stress state of the slope. The dynamic stress state of the slope at any moment under seismic load can he obtained by the DFEM, thus the factor of safety of the slope at any moment during earthquake can be easily obtained with the VSAM in consideration of the DFEM. Then, the global stability of the slope can be estimated on the basis of time-history curve of factor of safety and reliability theory. The VSAM is applied to a homogeneous slope under seismic load. The factor of safety of the slope is 1.30 under gravity only and the dynamic factor of safety under seismic load is 1.21. The calculating results show that the dynamic characteristics and stability state of the slope with input ground motion can be actually analyzed. It is believed that the VSAM is a feasible and practical approach to estimate the dynamic stability of slopes under seismic load.
基金The work for this paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Projects No.41074099。
文摘A novel,highly efficient and accurate adaptive higher-order finite element method(hp-FEM)is used to simulate a multi-frequency resistivity loggingwhile-drilling(LWD)tool response in a borehole environment.Presented in this study are the vector expression of Maxwell’s equations,three kinds of boundary conditions,stability weak formulation of Maxwell’s equations,and automatic hpadaptivity strategy.The new hp-FEM can select optimal refinement and calculation strategies based on the practical formation model and error estimation.Numerical experiments show that the new hp-FEM has an exponential convergence rate in terms of relative error in a user-prescribed quantity of interest against the degrees of freedom,which provides more accurate results than those obtained using the adaptive h-FEM.The numerical results illustrate the high efficiency and accuracy of the method at a given LWD tool structure and parameters in different physical models,which further confirm the accuracy of the results using the Hermes library(http://hpfem.org/hermes)with a multi-frequency resistivity LWD tool response in a borehole environment.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60601024)
文摘Higher-order Time Domain Finite Element Method (TDFEM) based on the nodal inter- polation is proposed for two-dimensional electromagnetic analysis. The detailed algorithms of the method are presented firstly, and then the accuracy, CPU time and memory consumption of the higher-order node-based TDFEM are investigated. The high performance of the presented approach is validated by numerical results of the transient responses of Transverse Electric (TE) field and Transverse Magnetic (TM) field in a rectangular waveguide.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.51725502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11802089)the National Defense Fundamental Research Foundation of China(Grant No.JCKY2020110C105)。
文摘Eigenvalues of the dielectric-filled waveguide are of great importance to its transmission characteristic analysis and optimization design, which could be easily affected by spatially uncertain dielectric parameters. For the sake of quantifying their influence on eigenvalues of the dielectric-filled waveguide and overcoming the limitation of less samples, an interval vector finite element method(IVFEM) is proposed to acquire the lower and upper bounds of the eigenvalues with spatial uncertainty of the medium parameters. Firstly, the uncertain dielectric material properties are described by the interval field model and the corresponding interval Karhunen-Loève(K-L) approximate method. Secondly, by inserting the interval uncertainties into the constitutive relationship of the standard generalized eigenvalue equations of the dielectric-filled waveguide, an interval standard generalized eigenvalue equation is then formulated. At last, the lower and upper bounds of the eigenvalues are calculated according to the first-order perturbation method, which can be used to estimate the transmission properties of the waveguide efficiently. Three kinds of the dielectric-filled waveguides are analyzed by the proposed IVFEM and verified by Monte Carlo simulation method.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11604205)。
文摘The multi-cavity soft actuator is assembled from single-cavity soft actuator through a reasonable geometric distribution.It has the characteristic that the pneumatic soft actuator is driven by its own deformation and has more degrees of freedom.Pneumatic soft actuator is widely used as an emerging discipline and its strong compliance has been greatly developed and applied.However,as the most application potential type of soft actuators,there is still a lack of simple and effective deformation prediction methods for studying the spatial deformation of multi-cavity soft actuators.To solve this problem,a vector equation method is proposed based on the analysis of the principle of the space deformation of the two-cavity,three-cavity and four-cavity soft actuators.Furthermore,a nonlinear mathematical model of the air pressure,space position and deformation trajectory of the soft actuator end is established by combining the vector equation method.Finally,the three-channel soft actuator is verified through experiments.The results show that the mathematical model can better predict the space deformation trajectory of the soft actuator,which provides a new research method for studying the space deformation of the multi-channel soft actuator.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program,Grant No. 2008AA09Z310)the Important National Scienceand Technology Specific Sub-Project (Grant No.2008ZX05026-001)
文摘Flows around a circular cylinder displaying an unsteady vortex shedding process at the Reynolds numbers of 1000,3900 and 1×104 are studied using a finite-volume Total Variation Diminishing（TVD） scheme for solving the Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes（URANS） equations.An Elemental Velocity Vector Transformation（EVVT） approach is proposed for the local normal and tangential velocity transformation at the interfaces of main and satellite elements.The presented method is validated by comparing with the available experimental data and numerical results.It is shown that the two-dimensional TVD finite volume method with the Renormalization Group（RNG） turbulence model can be used to determine hydrodynamic forces and captures vortex shedding characteristics very well.
基金supported by the National Oil and Gas Major Projects(No.2011ZX05020-002)
文摘In this paper, responses of a new dual-induction resistivity logging-while-drilling （LWD） tool in 3D inhomogeneous formation models are simulated by the vectorfinite element method （VFEM）, the influences of the borehole, invaded zone, surroundingstrata, and tool eccentricity are analyzed, and calibration loop parameters and calibrationcoefficients of the LWD tool are discussed. The results show that the tool has a greater depthof investigation than that of the existing electromagnetic propagation LWD tools and is moresensitive to azimuthal conductivity. Both deep and medium induction responses have linearrelationships with the formation conductivity, considering optimal calibration loop parametersand calibration coefficients. Due to the different depths of investigation and resolution, deepinduction and medium induction are affected differently by the formation model parameters,thereby having different correction factors. The simulation results can provide theoreticalreferences for the research and interpretation of the dual-induction resistivity LWD tools.
