In this paper,a new technique is introduced to construct higher-order iterative methods for solving nonlinear systems.The order of convergence of some iterative methods can be improved by three at the cost of introduc...In this paper,a new technique is introduced to construct higher-order iterative methods for solving nonlinear systems.The order of convergence of some iterative methods can be improved by three at the cost of introducing only one additional evaluation of the function in each step.Furthermore,some new efficient methods with a higher-order of convergence are obtained by using only a single matrix inversion in each iteration.Analyses of convergence properties and computational efficiency of these new methods are made and testified by several numerical problems.By comparison,the new schemes are more efficient than the corresponding existing ones,particularly for large problem sizes.展开更多
This paper deals with extensions of higher-order optimality conditions for scalar optimization to multiobjective optimization.A type of directional derivatives for a multiobjective function is proposed,and with this n...This paper deals with extensions of higher-order optimality conditions for scalar optimization to multiobjective optimization.A type of directional derivatives for a multiobjective function is proposed,and with this notion characterizations of strict local minima of order k for a multiobjective optimization problem with a nonempty set constraint are established,generalizing the corresponding scalar case obtained by Studniarski[3].Also necessary not sufficient and sufficient not necessary optimality conditions for this minima are derived based on our directional derivatives,which are generalizations of some existing scalar results and equivalent to some existing multiobjective ones.Many examples are given to illustrate them there.展开更多
Background: For nursing students, gathering social information is essential for understanding healthcare and social issues and developing critical thinking and decision-making skills. However, the choice of informatio...Background: For nursing students, gathering social information is essential for understanding healthcare and social issues and developing critical thinking and decision-making skills. However, the choice of information sources varies by age and individual habits. With the widespread use of the internet, there are notable differences between younger and older generations in their reliance on the internet versus traditional media sources like newspapers and television. Given the wide age range and diverse backgrounds of nursing students, understanding generational differences in information-gathering methods is important for implementing effective education. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify how nursing students in different age groups obtain social information and to examine media usage trends by age group. Additionally, we aim to use the findings to provide insights into effective information dissemination methods in nursing education. Results: The results showed that nursing students in their teens to forties, regardless of gender, primarily relied on the internet as their main information source, with television playing a secondary role. In contrast, students in their fifties tended to obtain information more often from newspapers and television than from the internet. This highlights an age-related difference in preferred information sources, with older students showing a greater reliance on traditional media. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that nursing students use different information-gathering methods based on their age, suggesting a need to custo-mize information dissemination strategies in nursing education. Digital media may be more effective for younger students, while traditional media or printed materials might better serve older students. Educational institutions should consider these generational differences in media usage and adopt strategies that meet the diverse needs of their student populations.展开更多
The minimal clinically important difference(MCID)represents a pivotal metric in bridging the gap between statistical significance and clinical relevance,addressing the direct impact of medical interventions from the p...The minimal clinically important difference(MCID)represents a pivotal metric in bridging the gap between statistical significance and clinical relevance,addressing the direct impact of medical interventions from the patient's perspective.This comprehensive review analyzes the evolution,applications,and challenges of MCID across medical specialties,emphasizing its necessity in ensuring that clinical outcomes not only demonstrate statistical significance but also offer genuine clinical utility that aligns with patient expectations and needs.We discuss the evolution of MCID since its inception in the 1980s,its current applications across various medical specialties,and the methodologies used in its calculation,highlighting both anchor-based and distribution-based approaches.Furthermore,the paper delves into the challenges associated with the application of MCID,such as methodological variability and the interpretation difficulties that arise in clinical settings.Recommendations for the future include standardizing MCID calculation methods,enhancing patient involvement in setting MCID thresholds,and extending research to incorporate diverse global perspectives.These steps are critical to refining the role of MCID in patient-centered healthcare,addressing existing gaps in methodology and interpretation,and ensuring that medical interventions lead to significant,patient-perceived improvements.展开更多
To investigate the applicability of four commonly used color difference formulas(CIELAB,CIE94,CMC(1:1),and CIEDE2000)in the printing field on 3D objects,as well as the impact of four standard light sources(D65,D50,A,a...To investigate the applicability of four commonly used color difference formulas(CIELAB,CIE94,CMC(1:1),and CIEDE2000)in the printing field on 3D objects,as well as the impact of four standard light sources(D65,D50,A,and TL84)on 3D color difference evaluations,50 glossy spheres with a diameter of 2cm based on the Sailner J4003D color printing device were created.These spheres were centered around the five recommended colors(gray,red,yellow,green,and blue)by CIE.Color difference was calculated according to the four formulas,and 111 pairs of experimental samples meeting the CIELAB gray scale color difference requirements(1.0-14.0)were selected.Ten observers,aged between 22 and 27 with normal color vision,were participated in this study,using the gray scale method from psychophysical experiments to conduct color difference evaluations under the four light sources,with repeated experiments for each observer.The results indicated that the overall effect of the D65 light source on 3D objects color difference was minimal.In contrast,D50 and A light sources had a significant impact within the small color difference range,while the TL84 light source influenced both large and small color difference considerably.Among the four color difference formulas,CIEDE2000 demonstrated the best predictive performance for color difference in 3D objects,followed by CMC(1:1),CIE94,and CIELAB.展开更多
This article briefly reviews the topic of complex network synchronization,with its graph-theoretic criterion,showing that the homogeneous and symmetrical network structures are essential for optimal synchronization.Fu...This article briefly reviews the topic of complex network synchronization,with its graph-theoretic criterion,showing that the homogeneous and symmetrical network structures are essential for optimal synchronization.Furthermore,it briefly reviews the notion of higher-order network topologies and shows their promising potential in application to evaluating the optimality of network synchronizability.展开更多
Information spreading has been investigated for many years,but the mechanism of why the information explosively catches on overnight is still under debate.This explosive spreading phenomenon was usually considered dri...Information spreading has been investigated for many years,but the mechanism of why the information explosively catches on overnight is still under debate.This explosive spreading phenomenon was usually considered driven separately by social reinforcement or higher-order interactions.However,due to the limitations of empirical data and theoretical analysis,how the higher-order network structure affects the explosive information spreading under the role of social reinforcement has not been fully explored.In this work,we propose an information-spreading model by considering the social reinforcement in real and synthetic higher-order networks,describable as hypergraphs.Depending on the average group size(hyperedge cardinality)and node membership(hyperdegree),we observe two different spreading behaviors:(i)The spreading progress is not sensitive to social reinforcement,resulting in the information localized in a small part of nodes;(ii)a strong social reinforcement will promote the large-scale spread of information and induce an explosive transition.Moreover,a large average group size and membership would be beneficial to the appearance of the explosive transition.Further,we display that the heterogeneity of the node membership and group size distributions benefit the information spreading.Finally,we extend the group-based approximate master equations to verify the simulation results.Our findings may help us to comprehend the rapidly information-spreading phenomenon in modern society.展开更多
AIM:To compare the visual outcomes and corneal higherorder aberrations(HOAs)of patients with high or low myopic astigmatism after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE).METHODS:A total of 157 eyes of 157 patients ...AIM:To compare the visual outcomes and corneal higherorder aberrations(HOAs)of patients with high or low myopic astigmatism after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE).METHODS:A total of 157 eyes of 157 patients who underwent SMILE were included in this retrospective,nonrandomized,comparative study.All the eyes which were with the rule astigmatism were divided into high astigmatism group(HAG;astigmatism≤-2.00 D,73 eyes)and low astigmatism group(LAG;astigmatism≥-1.00 D,84 eyes).Visual and refractive examinations were performed,HOAs of the anterior surface,posterior surface,and total cornea of the eyes were evaluated preoperatively and 6mo postoperatively.RESULTS:At the postoperative 6-month follow-up,uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or better was achieved in 97%and 100%eyes in HAG and LAG respectively and 74%and 100%eyes were within-0.50 D.Vector analysis revealed no significant differences in the correction index(P=0.066),angle of error(P=0.091)or flattening index(P=0.987)between two groups.The magnitude of error was-0.37±0.31 D in HAG and-0.04±0.19 D in LAG(P<0.001).Index of success(IOS)was 0.22±0.09 in the HAG and 0.50±0.46 in the LAG(P<0.001).HOAs of most anterior,posterior and total cornea significantly increased after SMILE,especially the spherical aberration and coma.For HAG,the SMILE procedure induced significantly higher anterior,posterior and total cornea horizontal coma and total corneal total HOAs compared with LAG(P<0.001)and these surgically induced HOAs predominantly originated from the anterior surface of the cornea.CONCLUSION:SMILE surgery induces more HOAs and a mild under-correction of astigmatism in eyes with high astigmatism.The increment in HOAs after SMILE is related to preoperative astigmatism.展开更多
Higher-order modes of the neutron diffusion/transport equation can be used to study the temporal behavior of nuclear reactors and can be applied in modal analysis, transient analysis, and online monitoring of the reac...Higher-order modes of the neutron diffusion/transport equation can be used to study the temporal behavior of nuclear reactors and can be applied in modal analysis, transient analysis, and online monitoring of the reactor core. Both the deterministic method and the Monte Carlo(MC) method can be used to solve the higher-order modes. However, MC method, compared to the deterministic method, faces challenges in terms of computational efficiency and α mode calculation stability, whereas the deterministic method encounters issues arising from homogenization-related geometric and energy spectra adaptation.Based on the higher-order mode diffusion calculation code HARMONY, we developed a new higher-order mode calculation code, HARMONY2.0, which retains the functionality of computing λ and α higher-order modes from HARMONY1.0, but enhances the ability to treat complex geometries and arbitrary energy spectra using the MC-deterministic hybrid two-step strategy. In HARMONY2.0, the mesh homogenized multigroup constants were obtained using OpenMC in the first step,and higher-order modes were then calculated with the mesh homogenized core diffusion model using the implicitly restarted Arnoldi method(IRAM), which was also adopted in the HARMONY1.0 code. In addition, to improve the calculation efficiency, particularly in large higher-order modes, event-driven parallelization/domain decomposition methods are embedded in the HARMONY2.0 code to accelerate the inner iteration of λ∕α mode using OpenMP. Furthermore, the higher-order modes of complex geometric models, such as Hoogenboom and ATR reactors for λ mode and the MUSE-4 experiment facility for the prompt α mode, were computed using diffusion theory.展开更多
Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden ...Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden of NVL in China by sex and age groups from 1990 to 2021 and to project trends over the next 15 years.Methods:Using data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 database,we conducted descriptive analyses of NVL prevalence in China,calculated age-standardized prevalence rates(ASPR)and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rates(ASDR)to compare burden differences between sexes and age groups,and applied an autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model to predict NVL trends for the next 15 years.The model selection was based on best-fit criteria to ensure reliable projections.Results:From 1990 to 2021,China’s ASPR of NVL rose from 10096.24/100000 to 15624.54/100000,and ASDR increased from 101.75/100000 to 158.75/100000.In 2021,ASPR(16551.70/100000)and ASDR(167.69/100000)were higher among females than males(14686.21/100000 and 149.76/100000,respectively).China ranked highest globally in both NVL cases and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),with female burden significantly exceeding male burden.Projections indicated this trend and sex gap will persist until 2036.Compared with 1990,the prevalence cases and DALYs increased by 239.20%and 238.82%,respectively in 2021,with the highest burden among females and the 55−59 age group.The ARIMA model predicted continued increases in prevalence and DALYs by 2036,with females maintaining a higher burden than males.Conclusion:This study reveals a marked increase in the NVL burden in China and predicts continued growth in the coming years.Public health policies should prioritize NVL prevention and control,with special attention to women and middle-aged populations to mitigate long-term societal and health impacts.展开更多
The higher-order Kaup-Newell equation is examined by applying the Fokas unified method on the half-line.We demonstrate that the solution can be expressed in relation to the resolution of the Riemann-Hilbert problem.Th...The higher-order Kaup-Newell equation is examined by applying the Fokas unified method on the half-line.We demonstrate that the solution can be expressed in relation to the resolution of the Riemann-Hilbert problem.The jump matrix for this problem is derived from the spectral matrix,which is calculated based on both the initial conditions and the boundary conditions.The jump matrix is explicitly dependent and expressed through the spectral functions,which are derived from the initial and boundary information,respectively.These spectral functions are interdependent and adhere to a so-called global relationship.展开更多
In this paper,the exact boundary controllability of the higher-order KdVtype equation on torus is studied.That is,given the initial and final states in the appropriate space,by adding the appropriate control function ...In this paper,the exact boundary controllability of the higher-order KdVtype equation on torus is studied.That is,given the initial and final states in the appropriate space,by adding the appropriate control function on the boundary,the solution of the system can transition from the initial state to the specified final value.Firstly,we establish the observability inequality for the higher-order KdV-type equation by Ingham inequality.Then,based on the observability inequality,Hilbert uniqueness method and a integral identity we obtain the exact boundary controllability of the higher-order KdV-type equation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychological challenges among patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS),affecting individuals across both sex and age groups.AIM To explore the network structu...BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychological challenges among patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS),affecting individuals across both sex and age groups.AIM To explore the network structure of depression and anxiety symptoms,with a focus on identifying differences at the symptom level between sex and age subgroups.METHODS A total of 1955 participants diagnosed with AIS aged 10-18 years were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale(PHO-9)and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7),and 765 patients exhibiting PHQ-9 or GAD-7 scores ≥ 5 were enrolled in our study. Network analysis and network comparison tests were utilized toconstruct and compare the depression-anxiety symptoms networks among sex and age subgroups.RESULTSThe results revealed GAD3 “Excessive worry” and PHQ2 “Sad mood” were the most significant central symptomsin all subgroups, while “Sad mood” had higher strength than “Excessive worry” in the lower age group. In thenetwork comparisons, the female network exhibited tighter connectivity, especially on GAD6 “Irritability” andGAD2 “Uncontrollable worry”, while only PHQ3 “Sleep” and PHQ9 “Suicidal ideation” had differences at thelocal level in the lower age group.CONCLUSIONSeveral interventions targeting excessive worry and sad mood could reduce the risk of depression and anxietysymptoms in the AIS population. Furthermore, specific anxiety symptoms in females, along with sleep disturbancesand suicidal ideation in the lower age group, should be addressed at an early stage to prevent significantdisruptions in mental health trajectories.展开更多
Experimental mice play a critical role in biomedical research.The phenotype and application of different substrains vary due to genetic differentiation and variation.To ensure validity and reliability of results,it is...Experimental mice play a critical role in biomedical research.The phenotype and application of different substrains vary due to genetic differentiation and variation.To ensure validity and reliability of results,it is imperative to adhere to standardized experiments and controls.This paper objectively reviews the origin,differentiation,and phenotypic and genetic differences between the C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse substrains.Furthermore,an optimal selection strategy is proposed based on the genetic quality control technology to facilitate the precise application of these two mouse substrains.展开更多
In recent years,there has been a surge of interest in higher-order topological phases(HOTPs)across various disciplines within the field of physics.These unique phases are characterized by their ability to harbor topol...In recent years,there has been a surge of interest in higher-order topological phases(HOTPs)across various disciplines within the field of physics.These unique phases are characterized by their ability to harbor topological protected boundary states at lower-dimensional boundaries,a distinguishing feature that sets them apart from conventional topological phases and is attributed to the higher-order bulk-boundary correspondence.Two-dimensional(2D)twisted systems offer an optimal platform for investigating HOTPs,owing to their strong controllability and experimental feasibility.Here,we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest research advancements on HOTPs in 2D twisted multilayer systems.We will mainly review the HOTPs in electronic,magnonic,acoustic,photonic and mechanical twisted systems,and finally provide a perspective of this topic.展开更多
We are concerned with a Camassa-Holm type equation with higher-order nonlinearity including some integrable peakon models such as the Camassa-Holm equation,the Degasperis-Procesi equation,and the Novikov equation.We s...We are concerned with a Camassa-Holm type equation with higher-order nonlinearity including some integrable peakon models such as the Camassa-Holm equation,the Degasperis-Procesi equation,and the Novikov equation.We show that all the horizontal symmetric waves for this equation must be traveling waves.This extends the previous results for the Camassa-Holm and Novikov equations.展开更多
The pulsed single-longitudinal-mode(SLM)operation caused by the modal-gain difference in a repetitively passively Q-switched(PQS)laser is studied in detail.Firstly,the analytical expressions for the pulse buildup-time...The pulsed single-longitudinal-mode(SLM)operation caused by the modal-gain difference in a repetitively passively Q-switched(PQS)laser is studied in detail.Firstly,the analytical expressions for the pulse buildup-time difference of repetitively PQS four-level and quasi-three-level lasers have been developed respectively.Then,according to the temporal criterion,the required conditions for repetitively PQS four-level and quasi-three-level lasers to achieve SLM operation are analyzed.The analysis results show that in addition to the short cavity is conducive to obtaining the pulsed SLM laser,the use of a lower pump power(compared to the threshold power)will help to obtain a longer pulse buildup-time difference and thus enabling the SLM operation.Moreover,it is worth noting that for the quasi-three-level lasers,the pulse buildup-time difference also depends on the initial population inversion density.The results also reveal that setting resonator parameters that can obtain large initial population inversion density will be helpful to the SLM operation in both four-level and quasithree-level regimes.In addition,the use of saturable absorber with a low absorption cross-section ratio between the excited state and ground state also contributes to the realization of the SLM.Finally,the optimization model of passively Q-switched single-longitudinal-mode laser is established.In addition to predicting the output performance of the laser,this model can also be used to obtain the optimal resonator parameters and the upper limit of pump power for SLM operation.展开更多
To enhance the computational efficiency of spatio-temporally discretized phase-field models,we present a high-speed solver specifically designed for the Poisson equations,a component frequently used in the numerical c...To enhance the computational efficiency of spatio-temporally discretized phase-field models,we present a high-speed solver specifically designed for the Poisson equations,a component frequently used in the numerical computation of such models.This efficient solver employs algorithms based on discrete cosine transformations(DCT)or discrete sine transformations(DST)and is not restricted by any spatio-temporal schemes.Our proposed methodology is appropriate for a variety of phase-field models and is especially efficient when combined with flow field systems.Meanwhile,this study has conducted an extensive numerical comparison and found that employing DCT and DST techniques not only yields results comparable to those obtained via the Multigrid(MG)method,a conventional approach used in the resolution of the Poisson equations,but also enhances computational efficiency by over 90%.展开更多
Recent engineering applications increasingly adopt smart materials,whose mechanical responses are sensitive to magnetic and electric fields.In this context,new and computationally efficient modeling strategies are ess...Recent engineering applications increasingly adopt smart materials,whose mechanical responses are sensitive to magnetic and electric fields.In this context,new and computationally efficient modeling strategies are essential to predict the multiphysic behavior of advanced structures accurately.Therefore,the manuscript presents a higher-order formulation for the static analysis of laminated anisotropic magneto-electro-elastic doubly-curved shell structures.The fundamental relations account for the full coupling between the electric field,magnetic field,and mechanical elasticity.The configuration variables are expanded along the thickness direction using a generalized formulation based on the Equivalent Layer-Wise approach.Higher-order polynomials are selected,allowing for the assessment of prescribed values of the configuration variables at the top and bottom sides of solids.In addition,an effective strategy is provided for modeling general surface distributions of mechanical pressures and electromagnetic external fluxes.The model is based on a continuum-based formulation which employs an analytical homogenization of the multifield material properties,based on Mori&Tanaka approach,of a magneto-electro-elastic composite material obtained from a piezoelectric and a piezomagnetic phase,with coupled magneto-electro-elastic effects.A semi-analytical Navier solution is applied to the fundamental equations,and an efficient post-processing equilibrium-based procedure is here used,based on the numerical assessment with the Generalized Differential Quadrature(GDQ)method,to recover the response of three-dimensional shells.The formulation is validated through various examples,investigating the multifield response of panels of different curvatures and lamination schemes.An efficient homogenization procedure,based on the Mori&Tanaka approach,is employed to obtain the three-dimensional constitutive relation of magneto-electro-elastic materials.Each model is validated against three-dimensional finite-element simulations,as developed in commercial codes.Furthermore,the full coupling effect between the electric and magnetic response is evaluated via a parametric investigation,with useful insights for design purposes of many engineering applications.The paper,thus,provides a formulation for the magneto-electro-elastic analysis of laminated structures,with a high computational efficiency,since it provides results with three-dimensional capabilities with a two-dimensional formulation.The adoption of higher-order theories,indeed,allows us to efficiently predict not only the mechanical response of the structure as happens in existing literature,but also the through-the-thickness distribution of electric and magnetic variables.A novel higher-order theory has been proposed in this work for the magneto-electro-elastic analysis of laminated shell structures with varying curvatures.This theory employs a generalized method to model the distribution of the displacement field components,electrostatic,and magneto-static potential,accounting for higher-order polynomials.The thickness functions have been defined to prescribe the arbitrary values of configuration variables at the top and bottom surfaces,even though the model is ESL-based.The fundamental governing equations have been derived in curvilinear principal coordinates,considering all coupling effects among different physical phenomena,including piezoelectric,piezomagnetic,and magneto-electric effects.A homogenization algorithm based on a Mori&Tanaka approach has been adopted to obtain the equivalent magneto-electro-mechanical properties of a two-phase transversely isotropic composite.In addition,an effective method has been adopted involving the external loads in terms of surface tractions,as well as the electric and magnetic fluxes.In the post-processing stage,a GDQ-based procedure provides the actual 3D response of a doubly-curved solid.The model has been validated through significant numerical examples,showing that the results of this semi-analytical theory align well with those obtained from 3D numerical models from commercial codes.In particular,the accuracy of the model has been verified for lamination schemes with soft layers and various curvatures under different loading conditions.Moreover,this formulation has been used to predict the effect of combined electric and magnetic loads on the mechanical response of panels with different curvatures and lamination schemes.As a consequence,this theory can be applied in engineering applications where the combined effect of electric and magnetic loads is crucial,thus facilitating their study and design.An existing limitation of this study is that the solution is that it is derived only for structures with uniform curvature,cross-ply lamination scheme,and simply supported boundary conditions.Furthermore,it requires that each lamina within the stacking sequence exhibits magneto-electro-elastic behavior.Therefore,at the present stage,it cannot be used for multifield analysis of classical composite structures with magneto-electric patches.A further enhancement of the research work could be the derivation of a solution employing a numerical technique,to overcome the limitations of the Navier method.In this way,the same theory may be adopted to predict the multifield response of structures with variable curvatures and thickness,as well as anisotropic materials and more complicated boundary conditions.Acknowledgement:The authors are grateful to the Department of Innovation Engineering of Univer-sity of Salento for the support.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12061048)NSF of Jiangxi Province(20232BAB201026,20232BAB201018)。
文摘In this paper,a new technique is introduced to construct higher-order iterative methods for solving nonlinear systems.The order of convergence of some iterative methods can be improved by three at the cost of introducing only one additional evaluation of the function in each step.Furthermore,some new efficient methods with a higher-order of convergence are obtained by using only a single matrix inversion in each iteration.Analyses of convergence properties and computational efficiency of these new methods are made and testified by several numerical problems.By comparison,the new schemes are more efficient than the corresponding existing ones,particularly for large problem sizes.
文摘This paper deals with extensions of higher-order optimality conditions for scalar optimization to multiobjective optimization.A type of directional derivatives for a multiobjective function is proposed,and with this notion characterizations of strict local minima of order k for a multiobjective optimization problem with a nonempty set constraint are established,generalizing the corresponding scalar case obtained by Studniarski[3].Also necessary not sufficient and sufficient not necessary optimality conditions for this minima are derived based on our directional derivatives,which are generalizations of some existing scalar results and equivalent to some existing multiobjective ones.Many examples are given to illustrate them there.
文摘Background: For nursing students, gathering social information is essential for understanding healthcare and social issues and developing critical thinking and decision-making skills. However, the choice of information sources varies by age and individual habits. With the widespread use of the internet, there are notable differences between younger and older generations in their reliance on the internet versus traditional media sources like newspapers and television. Given the wide age range and diverse backgrounds of nursing students, understanding generational differences in information-gathering methods is important for implementing effective education. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify how nursing students in different age groups obtain social information and to examine media usage trends by age group. Additionally, we aim to use the findings to provide insights into effective information dissemination methods in nursing education. Results: The results showed that nursing students in their teens to forties, regardless of gender, primarily relied on the internet as their main information source, with television playing a secondary role. In contrast, students in their fifties tended to obtain information more often from newspapers and television than from the internet. This highlights an age-related difference in preferred information sources, with older students showing a greater reliance on traditional media. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that nursing students use different information-gathering methods based on their age, suggesting a need to custo-mize information dissemination strategies in nursing education. Digital media may be more effective for younger students, while traditional media or printed materials might better serve older students. Educational institutions should consider these generational differences in media usage and adopt strategies that meet the diverse needs of their student populations.
文摘The minimal clinically important difference(MCID)represents a pivotal metric in bridging the gap between statistical significance and clinical relevance,addressing the direct impact of medical interventions from the patient's perspective.This comprehensive review analyzes the evolution,applications,and challenges of MCID across medical specialties,emphasizing its necessity in ensuring that clinical outcomes not only demonstrate statistical significance but also offer genuine clinical utility that aligns with patient expectations and needs.We discuss the evolution of MCID since its inception in the 1980s,its current applications across various medical specialties,and the methodologies used in its calculation,highlighting both anchor-based and distribution-based approaches.Furthermore,the paper delves into the challenges associated with the application of MCID,such as methodological variability and the interpretation difficulties that arise in clinical settings.Recommendations for the future include standardizing MCID calculation methods,enhancing patient involvement in setting MCID thresholds,and extending research to incorporate diverse global perspectives.These steps are critical to refining the role of MCID in patient-centered healthcare,addressing existing gaps in methodology and interpretation,and ensuring that medical interventions lead to significant,patient-perceived improvements.
文摘To investigate the applicability of four commonly used color difference formulas(CIELAB,CIE94,CMC(1:1),and CIEDE2000)in the printing field on 3D objects,as well as the impact of four standard light sources(D65,D50,A,and TL84)on 3D color difference evaluations,50 glossy spheres with a diameter of 2cm based on the Sailner J4003D color printing device were created.These spheres were centered around the five recommended colors(gray,red,yellow,green,and blue)by CIE.Color difference was calculated according to the four formulas,and 111 pairs of experimental samples meeting the CIELAB gray scale color difference requirements(1.0-14.0)were selected.Ten observers,aged between 22 and 27 with normal color vision,were participated in this study,using the gray scale method from psychophysical experiments to conduct color difference evaluations under the four light sources,with repeated experiments for each observer.The results indicated that the overall effect of the D65 light source on 3D objects color difference was minimal.In contrast,D50 and A light sources had a significant impact within the small color difference range,while the TL84 light source influenced both large and small color difference considerably.Among the four color difference formulas,CIEDE2000 demonstrated the best predictive performance for color difference in 3D objects,followed by CMC(1:1),CIE94,and CIELAB.
基金Hong Kong Research Grants Council under the GRF(9043664).
文摘This article briefly reviews the topic of complex network synchronization,with its graph-theoretic criterion,showing that the homogeneous and symmetrical network structures are essential for optimal synchronization.Furthermore,it briefly reviews the notion of higher-order network topologies and shows their promising potential in application to evaluating the optimality of network synchronizability.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12305043 and 12165016)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20220511)+1 种基金the Project of Undergraduate Scientific Research(Grant No.22A684)the support from the Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Program。
文摘Information spreading has been investigated for many years,but the mechanism of why the information explosively catches on overnight is still under debate.This explosive spreading phenomenon was usually considered driven separately by social reinforcement or higher-order interactions.However,due to the limitations of empirical data and theoretical analysis,how the higher-order network structure affects the explosive information spreading under the role of social reinforcement has not been fully explored.In this work,we propose an information-spreading model by considering the social reinforcement in real and synthetic higher-order networks,describable as hypergraphs.Depending on the average group size(hyperedge cardinality)and node membership(hyperdegree),we observe two different spreading behaviors:(i)The spreading progress is not sensitive to social reinforcement,resulting in the information localized in a small part of nodes;(ii)a strong social reinforcement will promote the large-scale spread of information and induce an explosive transition.Moreover,a large average group size and membership would be beneficial to the appearance of the explosive transition.Further,we display that the heterogeneity of the node membership and group size distributions benefit the information spreading.Finally,we extend the group-based approximate master equations to verify the simulation results.Our findings may help us to comprehend the rapidly information-spreading phenomenon in modern society.
文摘AIM:To compare the visual outcomes and corneal higherorder aberrations(HOAs)of patients with high or low myopic astigmatism after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE).METHODS:A total of 157 eyes of 157 patients who underwent SMILE were included in this retrospective,nonrandomized,comparative study.All the eyes which were with the rule astigmatism were divided into high astigmatism group(HAG;astigmatism≤-2.00 D,73 eyes)and low astigmatism group(LAG;astigmatism≥-1.00 D,84 eyes).Visual and refractive examinations were performed,HOAs of the anterior surface,posterior surface,and total cornea of the eyes were evaluated preoperatively and 6mo postoperatively.RESULTS:At the postoperative 6-month follow-up,uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or better was achieved in 97%and 100%eyes in HAG and LAG respectively and 74%and 100%eyes were within-0.50 D.Vector analysis revealed no significant differences in the correction index(P=0.066),angle of error(P=0.091)or flattening index(P=0.987)between two groups.The magnitude of error was-0.37±0.31 D in HAG and-0.04±0.19 D in LAG(P<0.001).Index of success(IOS)was 0.22±0.09 in the HAG and 0.50±0.46 in the LAG(P<0.001).HOAs of most anterior,posterior and total cornea significantly increased after SMILE,especially the spherical aberration and coma.For HAG,the SMILE procedure induced significantly higher anterior,posterior and total cornea horizontal coma and total corneal total HOAs compared with LAG(P<0.001)and these surgically induced HOAs predominantly originated from the anterior surface of the cornea.CONCLUSION:SMILE surgery induces more HOAs and a mild under-correction of astigmatism in eyes with high astigmatism.The increment in HOAs after SMILE is related to preoperative astigmatism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2267207)Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory(No.KFKT-05-FWHTWU-2023004).
文摘Higher-order modes of the neutron diffusion/transport equation can be used to study the temporal behavior of nuclear reactors and can be applied in modal analysis, transient analysis, and online monitoring of the reactor core. Both the deterministic method and the Monte Carlo(MC) method can be used to solve the higher-order modes. However, MC method, compared to the deterministic method, faces challenges in terms of computational efficiency and α mode calculation stability, whereas the deterministic method encounters issues arising from homogenization-related geometric and energy spectra adaptation.Based on the higher-order mode diffusion calculation code HARMONY, we developed a new higher-order mode calculation code, HARMONY2.0, which retains the functionality of computing λ and α higher-order modes from HARMONY1.0, but enhances the ability to treat complex geometries and arbitrary energy spectra using the MC-deterministic hybrid two-step strategy. In HARMONY2.0, the mesh homogenized multigroup constants were obtained using OpenMC in the first step,and higher-order modes were then calculated with the mesh homogenized core diffusion model using the implicitly restarted Arnoldi method(IRAM), which was also adopted in the HARMONY1.0 code. In addition, to improve the calculation efficiency, particularly in large higher-order modes, event-driven parallelization/domain decomposition methods are embedded in the HARMONY2.0 code to accelerate the inner iteration of λ∕α mode using OpenMP. Furthermore, the higher-order modes of complex geometric models, such as Hoogenboom and ATR reactors for λ mode and the MUSE-4 experiment facility for the prompt α mode, were computed using diffusion theory.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ30817)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation-Hengyang City Joint Fund Project(2025JJ70129)+1 种基金Changsha Natural Science Foundation(kq2403057)China。
文摘Objective:Near vision loss(NVL)is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide,exerting a profound impact on individual quality of life and socio-economic development.This study aims to analyze the burden of NVL in China by sex and age groups from 1990 to 2021 and to project trends over the next 15 years.Methods:Using data from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 database,we conducted descriptive analyses of NVL prevalence in China,calculated age-standardized prevalence rates(ASPR)and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rates(ASDR)to compare burden differences between sexes and age groups,and applied an autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA)model to predict NVL trends for the next 15 years.The model selection was based on best-fit criteria to ensure reliable projections.Results:From 1990 to 2021,China’s ASPR of NVL rose from 10096.24/100000 to 15624.54/100000,and ASDR increased from 101.75/100000 to 158.75/100000.In 2021,ASPR(16551.70/100000)and ASDR(167.69/100000)were higher among females than males(14686.21/100000 and 149.76/100000,respectively).China ranked highest globally in both NVL cases and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),with female burden significantly exceeding male burden.Projections indicated this trend and sex gap will persist until 2036.Compared with 1990,the prevalence cases and DALYs increased by 239.20%and 238.82%,respectively in 2021,with the highest burden among females and the 55−59 age group.The ARIMA model predicted continued increases in prevalence and DALYs by 2036,with females maintaining a higher burden than males.Conclusion:This study reveals a marked increase in the NVL burden in China and predicts continued growth in the coming years.Public health policies should prioritize NVL prevention and control,with special attention to women and middle-aged populations to mitigate long-term societal and health impacts.
文摘The higher-order Kaup-Newell equation is examined by applying the Fokas unified method on the half-line.We demonstrate that the solution can be expressed in relation to the resolution of the Riemann-Hilbert problem.The jump matrix for this problem is derived from the spectral matrix,which is calculated based on both the initial conditions and the boundary conditions.The jump matrix is explicitly dependent and expressed through the spectral functions,which are derived from the initial and boundary information,respectively.These spectral functions are interdependent and adhere to a so-called global relationship.
文摘In this paper,the exact boundary controllability of the higher-order KdVtype equation on torus is studied.That is,given the initial and final states in the appropriate space,by adding the appropriate control function on the boundary,the solution of the system can transition from the initial state to the specified final value.Firstly,we establish the observability inequality for the higher-order KdV-type equation by Ingham inequality.Then,based on the observability inequality,Hilbert uniqueness method and a integral identity we obtain the exact boundary controllability of the higher-order KdV-type equation.
基金Supported by The Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen,No.SZSM202211003Shenzhen-Hong Kong Jointly Funded Project,Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,No.SGDX20230116093645007+1 种基金Shenzhen Second People's Hospital Clinical Project,No.20243357003Shenzhen Medical Research Fund,No.B2303005.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychological challenges among patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS),affecting individuals across both sex and age groups.AIM To explore the network structure of depression and anxiety symptoms,with a focus on identifying differences at the symptom level between sex and age subgroups.METHODS A total of 1955 participants diagnosed with AIS aged 10-18 years were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale(PHO-9)and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7),and 765 patients exhibiting PHQ-9 or GAD-7 scores ≥ 5 were enrolled in our study. Network analysis and network comparison tests were utilized toconstruct and compare the depression-anxiety symptoms networks among sex and age subgroups.RESULTSThe results revealed GAD3 “Excessive worry” and PHQ2 “Sad mood” were the most significant central symptomsin all subgroups, while “Sad mood” had higher strength than “Excessive worry” in the lower age group. In thenetwork comparisons, the female network exhibited tighter connectivity, especially on GAD6 “Irritability” andGAD2 “Uncontrollable worry”, while only PHQ3 “Sleep” and PHQ9 “Suicidal ideation” had differences at thelocal level in the lower age group.CONCLUSIONSeveral interventions targeting excessive worry and sad mood could reduce the risk of depression and anxietysymptoms in the AIS population. Furthermore, specific anxiety symptoms in females, along with sleep disturbancesand suicidal ideation in the lower age group, should be addressed at an early stage to prevent significantdisruptions in mental health trajectories.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFF0703200Key Technology Fund of the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control,Grant/Award Number:GJJS-2022-1-5。
文摘Experimental mice play a critical role in biomedical research.The phenotype and application of different substrains vary due to genetic differentiation and variation.To ensure validity and reliability of results,it is imperative to adhere to standardized experiments and controls.This paper objectively reviews the origin,differentiation,and phenotypic and genetic differences between the C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse substrains.Furthermore,an optimal selection strategy is proposed based on the genetic quality control technology to facilitate the precise application of these two mouse substrains.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12304539,12074108,12474151,12347101)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Grant No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0568)Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics(Grant No.2024BNLCMPKF025)。
文摘In recent years,there has been a surge of interest in higher-order topological phases(HOTPs)across various disciplines within the field of physics.These unique phases are characterized by their ability to harbor topological protected boundary states at lower-dimensional boundaries,a distinguishing feature that sets them apart from conventional topological phases and is attributed to the higher-order bulk-boundary correspondence.Two-dimensional(2D)twisted systems offer an optimal platform for investigating HOTPs,owing to their strong controllability and experimental feasibility.Here,we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest research advancements on HOTPs in 2D twisted multilayer systems.We will mainly review the HOTPs in electronic,magnonic,acoustic,photonic and mechanical twisted systems,and finally provide a perspective of this topic.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12201417)the Project funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M733173)partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12375006)。
文摘We are concerned with a Camassa-Holm type equation with higher-order nonlinearity including some integrable peakon models such as the Camassa-Holm equation,the Degasperis-Procesi equation,and the Novikov equation.We show that all the horizontal symmetric waves for this equation must be traveling waves.This extends the previous results for the Camassa-Holm and Novikov equations.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62205102)。
文摘The pulsed single-longitudinal-mode(SLM)operation caused by the modal-gain difference in a repetitively passively Q-switched(PQS)laser is studied in detail.Firstly,the analytical expressions for the pulse buildup-time difference of repetitively PQS four-level and quasi-three-level lasers have been developed respectively.Then,according to the temporal criterion,the required conditions for repetitively PQS four-level and quasi-three-level lasers to achieve SLM operation are analyzed.The analysis results show that in addition to the short cavity is conducive to obtaining the pulsed SLM laser,the use of a lower pump power(compared to the threshold power)will help to obtain a longer pulse buildup-time difference and thus enabling the SLM operation.Moreover,it is worth noting that for the quasi-three-level lasers,the pulse buildup-time difference also depends on the initial population inversion density.The results also reveal that setting resonator parameters that can obtain large initial population inversion density will be helpful to the SLM operation in both four-level and quasithree-level regimes.In addition,the use of saturable absorber with a low absorption cross-section ratio between the excited state and ground state also contributes to the realization of the SLM.Finally,the optimization model of passively Q-switched single-longitudinal-mode laser is established.In addition to predicting the output performance of the laser,this model can also be used to obtain the optimal resonator parameters and the upper limit of pump power for SLM operation.
基金Supported by Shanxi Province Natural Science Research(202203021212249)Special/Youth Foundation of Taiyuan University of Technology(2022QN101)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12301556)Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2021-029)International Cooperation Base and Platform Project of Shanxi Province(202104041101019)Basic Research Plan of Shanxi Province(202203021211129)。
文摘To enhance the computational efficiency of spatio-temporally discretized phase-field models,we present a high-speed solver specifically designed for the Poisson equations,a component frequently used in the numerical computation of such models.This efficient solver employs algorithms based on discrete cosine transformations(DCT)or discrete sine transformations(DST)and is not restricted by any spatio-temporal schemes.Our proposed methodology is appropriate for a variety of phase-field models and is especially efficient when combined with flow field systems.Meanwhile,this study has conducted an extensive numerical comparison and found that employing DCT and DST techniques not only yields results comparable to those obtained via the Multigrid(MG)method,a conventional approach used in the resolution of the Poisson equations,but also enhances computational efficiency by over 90%.
基金funded by the Project PNRR M4C2—Innovation Grant DIRECT:Digital twIns foR EmergenCy supporT—CUP F83C22000740001.
文摘Recent engineering applications increasingly adopt smart materials,whose mechanical responses are sensitive to magnetic and electric fields.In this context,new and computationally efficient modeling strategies are essential to predict the multiphysic behavior of advanced structures accurately.Therefore,the manuscript presents a higher-order formulation for the static analysis of laminated anisotropic magneto-electro-elastic doubly-curved shell structures.The fundamental relations account for the full coupling between the electric field,magnetic field,and mechanical elasticity.The configuration variables are expanded along the thickness direction using a generalized formulation based on the Equivalent Layer-Wise approach.Higher-order polynomials are selected,allowing for the assessment of prescribed values of the configuration variables at the top and bottom sides of solids.In addition,an effective strategy is provided for modeling general surface distributions of mechanical pressures and electromagnetic external fluxes.The model is based on a continuum-based formulation which employs an analytical homogenization of the multifield material properties,based on Mori&Tanaka approach,of a magneto-electro-elastic composite material obtained from a piezoelectric and a piezomagnetic phase,with coupled magneto-electro-elastic effects.A semi-analytical Navier solution is applied to the fundamental equations,and an efficient post-processing equilibrium-based procedure is here used,based on the numerical assessment with the Generalized Differential Quadrature(GDQ)method,to recover the response of three-dimensional shells.The formulation is validated through various examples,investigating the multifield response of panels of different curvatures and lamination schemes.An efficient homogenization procedure,based on the Mori&Tanaka approach,is employed to obtain the three-dimensional constitutive relation of magneto-electro-elastic materials.Each model is validated against three-dimensional finite-element simulations,as developed in commercial codes.Furthermore,the full coupling effect between the electric and magnetic response is evaluated via a parametric investigation,with useful insights for design purposes of many engineering applications.The paper,thus,provides a formulation for the magneto-electro-elastic analysis of laminated structures,with a high computational efficiency,since it provides results with three-dimensional capabilities with a two-dimensional formulation.The adoption of higher-order theories,indeed,allows us to efficiently predict not only the mechanical response of the structure as happens in existing literature,but also the through-the-thickness distribution of electric and magnetic variables.A novel higher-order theory has been proposed in this work for the magneto-electro-elastic analysis of laminated shell structures with varying curvatures.This theory employs a generalized method to model the distribution of the displacement field components,electrostatic,and magneto-static potential,accounting for higher-order polynomials.The thickness functions have been defined to prescribe the arbitrary values of configuration variables at the top and bottom surfaces,even though the model is ESL-based.The fundamental governing equations have been derived in curvilinear principal coordinates,considering all coupling effects among different physical phenomena,including piezoelectric,piezomagnetic,and magneto-electric effects.A homogenization algorithm based on a Mori&Tanaka approach has been adopted to obtain the equivalent magneto-electro-mechanical properties of a two-phase transversely isotropic composite.In addition,an effective method has been adopted involving the external loads in terms of surface tractions,as well as the electric and magnetic fluxes.In the post-processing stage,a GDQ-based procedure provides the actual 3D response of a doubly-curved solid.The model has been validated through significant numerical examples,showing that the results of this semi-analytical theory align well with those obtained from 3D numerical models from commercial codes.In particular,the accuracy of the model has been verified for lamination schemes with soft layers and various curvatures under different loading conditions.Moreover,this formulation has been used to predict the effect of combined electric and magnetic loads on the mechanical response of panels with different curvatures and lamination schemes.As a consequence,this theory can be applied in engineering applications where the combined effect of electric and magnetic loads is crucial,thus facilitating their study and design.An existing limitation of this study is that the solution is that it is derived only for structures with uniform curvature,cross-ply lamination scheme,and simply supported boundary conditions.Furthermore,it requires that each lamina within the stacking sequence exhibits magneto-electro-elastic behavior.Therefore,at the present stage,it cannot be used for multifield analysis of classical composite structures with magneto-electric patches.A further enhancement of the research work could be the derivation of a solution employing a numerical technique,to overcome the limitations of the Navier method.In this way,the same theory may be adopted to predict the multifield response of structures with variable curvatures and thickness,as well as anisotropic materials and more complicated boundary conditions.Acknowledgement:The authors are grateful to the Department of Innovation Engineering of Univer-sity of Salento for the support.
