This work proposes a bioinspired hierarchical actuation strategy based on liquid crystal elastomers(LCEs),inspired by the helical topological dynamic adaptation mechanism of plant tendrils,to overcome the bottleneck o...This work proposes a bioinspired hierarchical actuation strategy based on liquid crystal elastomers(LCEs),inspired by the helical topological dynamic adaptation mechanism of plant tendrils,to overcome the bottleneck of precise anisotropic control in LCEs.Mechanically pre-programmed hierarchical LCE structures responsive to near-infrared(NIR)light were fabricated:the oriented constrained actuator achieves asymmetric contraction under NIR irradiation,enabling reversible switching between helix and planar morphologies with multi-terrain grasping capability;the biomimetic vine-like helical actuator,composed of Ag nanowire photothermal layers combined with helical LCE,utilizes temperaturegradient-induced phase transition wave propagation to achieve NIR-controlled climbing motion;the M?bius topology actuator realizes reversible deformation or self-locking states by tuning the twist angle(180°/360°);based on these,a bioinspired koala-like concentric soft robot was constructed,successfully demonstrating tree trunk climbing.This study reveals that artificial helical stretching significantly enhances the molecular chain orientation of LCEs(surpassing uniaxial stretching),reaching up to 1000%pre-strain,and the Ag NWs/LCE/PI(Polyimide)tri-layer structure achieves efficient photothermal-mechanical energy conversion via localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR).This study provides a new paradigm for soft robotics material design and topological programming,demonstrating the potential for remote operation and adaptive grasping.展开更多
In this work the flower-like hierarchical structures(HS) based on 3 D pristine ZnO,ZnO:Eu^3+ and ZnO:Eu^3+ @Au were successfully obtained by a template-free solvothermal and deposition-precipitation method.The decolor...In this work the flower-like hierarchical structures(HS) based on 3 D pristine ZnO,ZnO:Eu^3+ and ZnO:Eu^3+ @Au were successfully obtained by a template-free solvothermal and deposition-precipitation method.The decolorization/photodegradation of these structures towards model organic dye(rhodamine 6 G) was studied.The synthesized ZnO-based HS were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),UV-vis and photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopies.The proposed synthesis approaches allow to obtain highly crystalline 3 D ZnO,ZnO:Eu^3+ and ZnO:Eu^3+ @Au composites.Results of scanning microscopy show that ZnO flower-like HS are assemblies from smaller components,forming larger ones,the whole ZnO structure was approximately 3 μm.Au nanoparticles(size^10 nm)are successfully deposited on ZnO HS surface.Luminescent studies show that ZnO is an ideal matrix for incorporation of Eu^3+ ions in broad concentration range(Eu^3+=1.0 at%-5.0 at%) with an efficient red luminescence.The strong UV emission in ZnO,as well as ZnO;Eu^3+HS is observed under 325 nm excitation.Doping of ZnO HS matrix by Eu^3+ions leads to the red shift of deep level emission peak(DLE).The PL intensity reaches the maximum up to 5 at% Eu^3+.The photocatalytic properties of ZnO and ZnO:Eu^3+ @Au HS were investigated under UV-Vis light irradiation towards rhodamine 6 G.The obtained results demonstrate the synergetic effect of the deposited gold nanoparticles and Eu3^+ doping on photocatalytic activity of ZnO:Eu^3+@Au HS in comparison to pristine ZnO and ZnO:Eu^3+ HS.展开更多
Conducting polymers(CPs),including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS),are promising coating materials for neural electrodes.However,the weak adhesion of CP coatings to substrates such a...Conducting polymers(CPs),including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS),are promising coating materials for neural electrodes.However,the weak adhesion of CP coatings to substrates such as platinum-iridium is a significant challenge that limits their practical application.To address this issue,we used femtosecond laser-prepared hierarchical structures on platinum-iridium(Pt-Ir)substrates to enhance the adhesion of PEDOT:PSS coatings.Next,we used cyclic voltammetry(CV)stress and accelerated aging tests to evaluate the stability of both drop cast and electrodeposited PEDOT:PSS coatings on Pt-Ir substrates,both with and without hierarchical structures.Our results showed that after 2000 CV cycles or five weeks of aging at 60℃,the morphology and electrochemical properties of the coatings on the Pt-Ir substrates with hierarchical structures remained relatively stable.In contrast,we found that smooth Pt-Ir substrate surfaces caused delamination of the PEDOT:PSS coating and exhibited both decreased charge storage capacity and increased impedance.Overall,enhancing the stability of PEDOT:PSS coatings used on common platinum-iridium neural electrodes offers great potential for improving their electrochemical performance and developing new functionalities.展开更多
One of the critical issues in gram-negative bacterial adhesion is how wettability regulates adhesion as the surface wettability varies from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic,and what is the relevant/contributing ro...One of the critical issues in gram-negative bacterial adhesion is how wettability regulates adhesion as the surface wettability varies from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic,and what is the relevant/contributing role of the lipopolysaccharide（LPS） outer layer of the gram-negative shell during this procedure.Herein,by avoiding the unexpected influence induced by the varied topographies,control over gram-negative bacteria adhesion by wettability is achieved on biomimetic hierarchical surfaces,which is mainly mediated by LPS layer.The study provides a methodology to have a good control over bacteria cell adhesion by properly designing wettable surface structures.This design concept is helpful for developing new generations of biomaterials in order to control a variety of diseases induced by gramnegative bacteria,which still continue to be very important and necessary in the fields of biomedicine.展开更多
In this paper,a three-dimensional(3D)hierar-chical ZnO structure consisting of nanosheets modified with ultrafine NiO particles was synthesized via a facile two-step chemical precipitate method.Various techniques char...In this paper,a three-dimensional(3D)hierar-chical ZnO structure consisting of nanosheets modified with ultrafine NiO particles was synthesized via a facile two-step chemical precipitate method.Various techniques characterized the as-synthesized ZnO/NiO composites and pure ZnO.The p-NiO/n-ZnO junctions formed between adjacent ZnO and NiO nanoparticles,improving the gas sensing performance.The ZnO/NiO composite with the Ni:Zn atomic ratio of 7.42:100 exhibited the best iso-propanol sensing properties.Compared to pure ZnO,it showed high selectivity and sensitivity(R_(a)/R_(g)=221.3 toward 400×10^(-6)isopropanol),fast response rate(less than 10 s),short recovery time,and simultaneously low operating temperature.Also,the ZnO/NiO composite exhibited a wide sensing range(1×10^(-6)-1000×10^(-6))to isopropanol and processed good long-term stability.The experimental results suggested the potential application in fabricating efficient isopropanol sensors using this ZnO/NiO composite.The enhanced isopropanol sensing mech-anism is also discussed in charge transfer between heterojunctions,surface area,and surface defects.展开更多
In this work,hierarchical hybrid composites consisting of porous three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide(3D-rGO)skeleton and lamellar boron nitride(BN)/silicon carbide(SiC)coatings are prepared by chemical vapor infi...In this work,hierarchical hybrid composites consisting of porous three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide(3D-rGO)skeleton and lamellar boron nitride(BN)/silicon carbide(SiC)coatings are prepared by chemical vapor infiltration(CVI)process.The graphene framework prepared by 3D printing and frozen self-assembly exhibits a lightweight structure and a perforated conductive network,which extends the transmission path of incident microwaves.The introduced ceramic coatings can effectively tune the impedance matching degree and supply a lossy phase,and the hierarchical structure of the composites enhances the multiple scattering of the incident microwaves.As expected,the 3D-rGO/BN/SiC composites possess an excellent absorbing performance with a minimum reflection loss value of–37.8 dB,and the widest effective absorbing bandwidth(RL<–10 dB)of 5.90 GHz is obtained.The controllable fabrication of composites can provide a guideline for rational design and fabrication of high-performance electromagnetic waves absorbing materials in practical applications.展开更多
Amplifying the intrinsic wettability of substrate material by changing the solid/liquid contact area is considered to be the main mechanism for controlling the wettability of rough or structured surfaces.Through theor...Amplifying the intrinsic wettability of substrate material by changing the solid/liquid contact area is considered to be the main mechanism for controlling the wettability of rough or structured surfaces.Through theoretical analysis and experimental exploration,we have found that in addition to this wettability structure amplification effect,the surface structure also simultaneously controls surface wettability by regulating the wetting state via changing the threshold Young angles of the Cassie-Baxter and Wenzel wetting regions.This wetting state regulation effect provides us with an alternative strategy to overcome the inherent limitation in surface chemistry by tailoring surface structure.The wetting state regulation effect created by multi-scale hierarchical structures is quite significant and plays is a crucial role in promoting the superhydrophobicity,superhydrophilicity and the transition between these two extreme wetting properties,as well as stabilizing the Cassie-Baxter superhydrophobic state on the fabricated lotus-like hierarchically structured Cu surface and the natural lotus leaf.展开更多
The design and fabrication of efficient catalysts for ammonium perchlorate(AP)decomposition is crucial for the performance of composite solid propellants.Herein,a novel hierarchical structure material of Cu-WO_(3) nan...The design and fabrication of efficient catalysts for ammonium perchlorate(AP)decomposition is crucial for the performance of composite solid propellants.Herein,a novel hierarchical structure material of Cu-WO_(3) nanowire arrays on a nanoflower flake(Cu-WO_(3) NANF)was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal reaction.The negatively charged(001)polar facets of hexagonal WO_(3) and the action of Cu^(2+) induced growth were two important factors for the formation of hierarchical structures.The Cu-WO_(3) NANF exhibited remarkable catalytic activity for the thermal decomposition of AP.The temperature and activation energy of high temperature AP decomposition were significantly decreased to 378.3℃ and 147.01 kJ mol^(−1),respectively,which are attributed to the more oxygen vacancies and lower band gap energy of the Cu-WO_(3) NANF.Thus,it was excited at a lower heat to produce activated species.Under the strong adsorption of Cu-WO_(3) NANF surface Lewis acid,the activated species can react with NH3 quickly and deeply to produce N_(2),N_(2)O,NO_(2) and NO gases,accompanied by a heat release of up to 1118 J g^(−1).The proposed catalytic mechanism was further corroborated by the in situ TG-MS result.This facile strategy provided a new idea for the design of hierarchical catalysts,and our research opened up a new field for WO_(3) applications.展开更多
Replacing the oxygen evolution half-reaction by a sulfion oxidation reaction(SOR)with ultra-low theoretical oxidation potential and designing efficient SOR catalysts are promising strategies to decrease the energy con...Replacing the oxygen evolution half-reaction by a sulfion oxidation reaction(SOR)with ultra-low theoretical oxidation potential and designing efficient SOR catalysts are promising strategies to decrease the energy consumption of electrochemical hydrogen production.Here,Ni-doped cobaltous carbonate hydroxide nanorod arrays(Ni-Co-C/NF)are used as unique pre-electrocatalysts for SOR.Ni-doped cobalt carbonate hydroxide in situ transforms into Ni,Co-based sulfides with a high degree of amorphization(Ni-Co-S/NF)during the SOR process.Ni-Co-S/NF achieves high SOR intrinsic activity,and just needs an ultra-low potential of 0.366 V vs.RHE to reach a current density of 100 mA cm^(−2).Meanwhile,a dissymmetrical acid–base coupled electrolytic system is designed for simultaneous hydrogen and sulfur production using Ni-Co-S/NF as the catalytic electrode.This well-designed system significantly decreases the energy consumption of hydrogen production,and can even generate extra electric energy at low current density.This work provides unique insights into an in situ reconstruction and dissymmetrical electrolyte,which will promote the fast development of hydrogen energy.展开更多
The lack of freshwater resources is a global problem.Fast and efficient water capture from fog is a good solution for many organisms living in arid regions.Compared with superhydrophobic surfaces,slippery liquid-fille...The lack of freshwater resources is a global problem.Fast and efficient water capture from fog is a good solution for many organisms living in arid regions.Compared with superhydrophobic surfaces,slippery liquid-filled porous surfaces(SLIPS)exhibit excellent droplet transport and shedding properties with very low sliding angles(SAs).It is not easy to produce a water film which can effectively improve the efficiency of fog collection.The shape and size of the micro/nanostructure are flexibly adjusted by laser etching,the nanowires on the micron-scale pillars and groove structure are uniformly covered by ammonia etching,and silicone oil is injected by spin-coating to obtain a slippery liquid-infused surface with a micro/nanostructure.Under the synergistic effect of our constructed micro/nanostructure,the superhydrophobic surface injected with lubricant exhibited efficient droplet capture,aggregation,and removal properties,which greatly improved the fog collection efficiency(107%higher than that of the original sample).More importantly,the surface has excellent stability,ice resistance,and acid/alkali resistance and is expected to be used in various extreme adjustments.展开更多
The regulation of the interfacial electric field plays a pivotal role in magnifying the electromagnetic en-ergy attenuation capability during the design and synthesis of efficient and tunable absorbers for elec-tromag...The regulation of the interfacial electric field plays a pivotal role in magnifying the electromagnetic en-ergy attenuation capability during the design and synthesis of efficient and tunable absorbers for elec-tromagnetic waves(EMW).Herein,a rational and universally applicable two-step hydrothermal method strategy was proposed to effectively control the electronic structure of Mott-Schottky EMW absorbing materials derived from Co-MOF.The as-synthesized Co_(3)S_(4)@MoS_(2)/NC ensures efficient electron transfer,while the change redistribution leads to the emergence of additional electric dipoles under an external EMM field.In addition,the hierarchical Co_(3)S_(4)@MoS_(2)/NC nano-architecture with a hierarchical arrange-ment in 2D and 3D offers more polarization sites,thereby extending the path for EMW transmission through multiple reflections and scattering.The potential to enhance the EMW absorption performance of Co_(3)S_(4)@MoS_(2)/NC lies in its unique microstructure and substantial surface area,which optimize impedance matching properties through a synergistic effect of dipole and interfacial polarization induced by Mott-Schottky heterointerfaces.As anticipated,the Co_(3)S_(4)@MoS_(2)/NC exhibits a maximum EMW absorption ca-pacity with an RLmin value of-41.97 dB and a broad EAB of 4.24 GHz at a thickness of 2.0 mm.This study provides insights for designing highly efficient Mott-Schottky EMW absorbing materials at the molecular level rationally.展开更多
Addressing irregular bone defects is a formidable clinical challenge,as traditional scaffolds frequently fail to meet the complex requirements of bone regeneration,resulting in suboptimal healing.This study introduces...Addressing irregular bone defects is a formidable clinical challenge,as traditional scaffolds frequently fail to meet the complex requirements of bone regeneration,resulting in suboptimal healing.This study introduces a novel 3D-printed magnesium scaffold with hierarchical structure(macro-,meso-,and nano-scales)and tempered degradation(microscale),intricately customized at multiple scales to bolster bone regeneration according to patient-specific needs.For the hierarchical structure,at the macroscale,it can feature anatomic geometries for seamless integration with the bone defect;The mesoscale pores are devised with optimized curvature and size,providing an adequate mechanical response as well as promoting cellular proliferation and vascularization,essential for natural bone mimicry;The nanoscale textured surface is enriched with a layered double hydroxide membrane,augmenting bioactivity and osteointegration.Moreover,microscale enhancements involve a duallayer coating of high-temperature oxidized film and hydrotalcite,offering a robust shield against fast degradation.Eventually,this scaffold demonstrates superior geometrical characteristics,load-bearing capacity,and degradation performance,significantly outperforming traditional scaffolds based on in vitro and in vivo assessments,marking a breakthrough in repairing customized bone defects.展开更多
Living organisms,such as geckos and insects,exhibit excellent climbing ability on various complex surfaces due to the hair-like hierarchical adhesive systems of their attachment devices.Over the past few decades,an in...Living organisms,such as geckos and insects,exhibit excellent climbing ability on various complex surfaces due to the hair-like hierarchical adhesive systems of their attachment devices.Over the past few decades,an increased understanding of the mechanisms of multiscale hierarchical adhesion systems and the continual improvement of theoretical modeling have promoted the rapid advancement in the design and application of biomimetic artificial adhesives.The modeling of biomimetic artificial adhesives has developed from simple structures to complex constructions with multilevel hierarchical properties.A review of advances in the development of these contact mechanics models is presented here.Adhesion and friction models considering multiscale hierarchical structural forms are discussed,with a focus on multiscale hierarchical models based on the development of the Cantor‒Borodich profiles.Finally,the most recent developments in studies of artificial setae with spatula-like ends,both axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric,are reviewed.展开更多
Hierarchical micro/nanograting structures have attracted increasing attention owing to their significant applications in the fields of structural coloring,anti-counterfeiting,and decoration.Thus,the fabrication of hie...Hierarchical micro/nanograting structures have attracted increasing attention owing to their significant applications in the fields of structural coloring,anti-counterfeiting,and decoration.Thus,the fabrication of hierarchical micro/nanograting structures is important for these applications.In this study,a strategy for machining hierarchical micro/nanograting structures is developed by controlling the tool movement trajectory.A coupling Euler-Lagrange finite element model is established to simulate the machining process.The effect of the machining methods on the nanograting formation is demonstrated,and a suitable machining method for reducing the cutting force is obtained.The height of the nanograting decreases with an increase in the tool edge radius.Furthermore,optical variable devices(OVDs)are machined using an array overlap machining approach.Coding schemes for the parallel column unit crossover and column unit in the groove crossover are designed to achieve high-quality machining of OVDs.The coloring of the logo of the Harbin Institute of Technology and the logo of the centennial anniversary of the Harbin Institute of Technology on the surface of metal samples,such as aluminum alloys,is realized.The findings of this study provide a method for the fabrication of hierarchical micro/nanograting structures that can be used to prepare OVDs.展开更多
A focus of the current nanotechnology has shifted from routine fabrication of nanostructures to designing functional electronic devices and realizing their immense potentials for applications. Due to infusion of multi...A focus of the current nanotechnology has shifted from routine fabrication of nanostructures to designing functional electronic devices and realizing their immense potentials for applications. Due to infusion of multi-functionality into a single system, the utilization of hetero-, core/shell and hierarchical nanostructures has become the key issue for building such devices. ZnS, due to its direct wide bandgap, high index of refraction, high transparency in the visible range and intrinsic polarity, is one of the most useful semiconductors for a wide range of electronics applications. This article provides a dense review of the state-of-the-art research activities in one-dimensional （1D） ZnS-based hetero-, core/shell and hierarchical nanostructures. The particular emphasis is put on their syntheses and applications.展开更多
The potential of personal cooling technologies in reducing air conditioning energy consumption and enhancing human thermal comfort is substantial.This review focuses on recent advancements in hierarchical structure de...The potential of personal cooling technologies in reducing air conditioning energy consumption and enhancing human thermal comfort is substantial.This review focuses on recent advancements in hierarchical structure design for innovative cooling textiles.Beginning with insights into fundamental heat transfer processes between the human body,textile,and the surroundings,we uncover key control mechanisms.Then the advanced hierarchical structure designs enabling effective radiation,sweat evaporation,conduction management,and integration of cold energy sources for realizing effective human body cooling are systematically summarized.Additionally,we explore multifunctional designs beyond cooling,including switchable cooling-heating and sensing.Finally,we engage in discussions on unifying cooling performance tests and additional multiple requirements to make strides toward practical applications.This review is anticipated to be a valuable resource,providing the scientific and industrial communities with a quick grasp of past advancements,current challenges,and future directions in achieving effective human body cooling.展开更多
The hierarchical crystalline morphologies and orientation structures across the thickness direction in high-density polyethylene （HDPE） molded bars were investigated via a novel melt-penetrating processing method na...The hierarchical crystalline morphologies and orientation structures across the thickness direction in high-density polyethylene （HDPE） molded bars were investigated via a novel melt-penetrating processing method named multi-melt multi-injection molding （M3IM）. The samples with various mold temperatures （20, 40 and 60 ℃） were prepared, and the effects of the external temperature profile on the evolution of crystalline microstructures were studied. With scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, the transition of crystalline morphology from ring-banded structure to oriented lamellae was observed with decreasing mold temperature, and the oriented lamellae were formed at the sub-skin layer of the samples at the lowest mold temperature, which was further testified by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. With the decline of mold temperature, the degree of orientation, obtained from two-dimensional small angle X-ray scattering （2D-SAXS）, was increased and long periods rose a little. Thus, decreasing mold temperature was beneficial to the formation of orientation structures because the relaxation of chains was weakened.展开更多
Efficient light absorption and trapping are of vital importance for the solar water evaporation by hydrogel-based photothermal conversion materials.Conventional strategies are focused on the development of the composi...Efficient light absorption and trapping are of vital importance for the solar water evaporation by hydrogel-based photothermal conversion materials.Conventional strategies are focused on the development of the composition and structure of the hydrogers internal network.In our point of view,the importance of the surface structure of hydrogel has usually been underestimated or ignored.Here inspired by the excellent absorbance and water transportation ability of biological surface structure,the hierarchical structured hydrogel evaporators(HSEs)increased the light absorption,trapping,water transportation and water-air interface,which is the beneficial photothermal conversion and water evaporation.The HSEs showed a rapid evaporation rate of 1.77 kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1)at about 92%energy efficiency under one sun(1 kW·m^(-2)).Furthermore,the superhydrophilic window device was used in this work to collect the condensed water,which avoids the light-blocking caused by the water mist formed by the small droplets and the problem of the droplets stick on the device dropping back to the bulk water.Integrated with the excellent photothermal conversion hydrogel and superhydrophilic window equipment,this work provides efficient evaporation and desalination of hydrogel-based solar evaporators in practical large-scale applications.展开更多
Endowing stimuli-responsive materials with micro-nano structures is an intriguing strategy for the fabrication of superwetting surfaces;however,its application is limited by poor chemical/mechanical stability.Herein,a...Endowing stimuli-responsive materials with micro-nano structures is an intriguing strategy for the fabrication of superwetting surfaces;however,its application is limited by poor chemical/mechanical stability.Herein,a simple and versatile strategy was developed to fabricate durable polymeric superwetting surfaces with photoswitchable wettability on hierarchically structured metallic substrates.Inspired by nature,a novel functional terpolymer incorporating mussel-inspired catechol groups,photoresponsive azobenzene groups,and low-surface-energy fluorine-containing groups was synthesized via solution radical polymerization.The azobenzene-containing terpolymer possesses outstanding photoresponsiveness in both the solution and film states because of the trans-cis isomerization of the azobenzene moieties.After dip-coating with the mussel-inspired azo-copolymer,the as-prepared smart surfaces exhibited a photo-triggered change in wettability between high hydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity.More importantly,these superwetting surfaces with enhanced adhesion properties can tolerate harsh environmental conditions and repeated abrasion tests,thereby demonstrating excellent chemical robustness and mechanical durability.This study paves a new avenue for the convenient and large-scale fabrication of robust smart surfaces that could find widespread potential applications in microfluidic devices,water treatment,and functional coatings.展开更多
In the background of carbon neutrality,monolithic ceramic catalysts are universally used in energy conversion and chemical catalysis due to the high heat and mass transfer efficiencies,low bed pressures,and scalabilit...In the background of carbon neutrality,monolithic ceramic catalysts are universally used in energy conversion and chemical catalysis due to the high heat and mass transfer efficiencies,low bed pressures,and scalability through modular design.However,traditional manufacturing processes are limited by mold dependence,organic solvent toxicity,and insufficient molding capability for complex structures,resulting in difficulty achieving precise regulation of cross-scale pores.Additive manufacturing(AM)technology employs a digital layered molding strategy to achieve the cross-scale structural regulation of catalysts from macroscopic flow channels to mesopores and micropores.This paper summarizes recent advances in the structural design of monolithic catalysts enabled by AM technologies and highlights their emerging applications in catalytic processes.Structurally,AM-fabricated monoliths have been effectively employed in key chemical reactions such as fuel reforming,CO_(2)conversion,biofuel synthesis.Strategies such as geometrical topology optimization,multi-scale pore synergy,biomimetic structural design,and functional gradient integration have been utilized to enhance heat and mass transport,reduce pressure drops,and improve overall catalytic performance.By overcoming the limitations of traditional catalysts,AM technologies create a new paradigm for addressing the longstanding challenge of coupling mass transfer with reaction kinetics.This approach provides a feasible pathway for driving both theoretical innovation and practical implementation of high-efficiency catalytic systems.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52275290 and 51905222)the Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Oscillation(No.MSV202419)+2 种基金Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Basic Theory and Key Technology of Tri-Co Robots(No.92248301)Opening Project of the Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering(Ministry of Education),Jilin University(No.KF2023006)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.SJCX23_2091)。
文摘This work proposes a bioinspired hierarchical actuation strategy based on liquid crystal elastomers(LCEs),inspired by the helical topological dynamic adaptation mechanism of plant tendrils,to overcome the bottleneck of precise anisotropic control in LCEs.Mechanically pre-programmed hierarchical LCE structures responsive to near-infrared(NIR)light were fabricated:the oriented constrained actuator achieves asymmetric contraction under NIR irradiation,enabling reversible switching between helix and planar morphologies with multi-terrain grasping capability;the biomimetic vine-like helical actuator,composed of Ag nanowire photothermal layers combined with helical LCE,utilizes temperaturegradient-induced phase transition wave propagation to achieve NIR-controlled climbing motion;the M?bius topology actuator realizes reversible deformation or self-locking states by tuning the twist angle(180°/360°);based on these,a bioinspired koala-like concentric soft robot was constructed,successfully demonstrating tree trunk climbing.This study reveals that artificial helical stretching significantly enhances the molecular chain orientation of LCEs(surpassing uniaxial stretching),reaching up to 1000%pre-strain,and the Ag NWs/LCE/PI(Polyimide)tri-layer structure achieves efficient photothermal-mechanical energy conversion via localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR).This study provides a new paradigm for soft robotics material design and topological programming,demonstrating the potential for remote operation and adaptive grasping.
基金Project supported by the National Science Centre of Poland by the SONATA 11 project UMO-2016/21/D/ST3/00962
文摘In this work the flower-like hierarchical structures(HS) based on 3 D pristine ZnO,ZnO:Eu^3+ and ZnO:Eu^3+ @Au were successfully obtained by a template-free solvothermal and deposition-precipitation method.The decolorization/photodegradation of these structures towards model organic dye(rhodamine 6 G) was studied.The synthesized ZnO-based HS were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),UV-vis and photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopies.The proposed synthesis approaches allow to obtain highly crystalline 3 D ZnO,ZnO:Eu^3+ and ZnO:Eu^3+ @Au composites.Results of scanning microscopy show that ZnO flower-like HS are assemblies from smaller components,forming larger ones,the whole ZnO structure was approximately 3 μm.Au nanoparticles(size^10 nm)are successfully deposited on ZnO HS surface.Luminescent studies show that ZnO is an ideal matrix for incorporation of Eu^3+ ions in broad concentration range(Eu^3+=1.0 at%-5.0 at%) with an efficient red luminescence.The strong UV emission in ZnO,as well as ZnO;Eu^3+HS is observed under 325 nm excitation.Doping of ZnO HS matrix by Eu^3+ions leads to the red shift of deep level emission peak(DLE).The PL intensity reaches the maximum up to 5 at% Eu^3+.The photocatalytic properties of ZnO and ZnO:Eu^3+ @Au HS were investigated under UV-Vis light irradiation towards rhodamine 6 G.The obtained results demonstrate the synergetic effect of the deposited gold nanoparticles and Eu3^+ doping on photocatalytic activity of ZnO:Eu^3+@Au HS in comparison to pristine ZnO and ZnO:Eu^3+ HS.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2400201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81830033)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(No.2023J05097)the Young and Middle-aged Teacher Education Research Project of the Education Department of Fujian Province,China(No.JAT220004)。
文摘Conducting polymers(CPs),including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS),are promising coating materials for neural electrodes.However,the weak adhesion of CP coatings to substrates such as platinum-iridium is a significant challenge that limits their practical application.To address this issue,we used femtosecond laser-prepared hierarchical structures on platinum-iridium(Pt-Ir)substrates to enhance the adhesion of PEDOT:PSS coatings.Next,we used cyclic voltammetry(CV)stress and accelerated aging tests to evaluate the stability of both drop cast and electrodeposited PEDOT:PSS coatings on Pt-Ir substrates,both with and without hierarchical structures.Our results showed that after 2000 CV cycles or five weeks of aging at 60℃,the morphology and electrochemical properties of the coatings on the Pt-Ir substrates with hierarchical structures remained relatively stable.In contrast,we found that smooth Pt-Ir substrate surfaces caused delamination of the PEDOT:PSS coating and exhibited both decreased charge storage capacity and increased impedance.Overall,enhancing the stability of PEDOT:PSS coatings used on common platinum-iridium neural electrodes offers great potential for improving their electrochemical performance and developing new functionalities.
基金the NSFC(Nos.51273111,51173105,51573092)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,No.2012CB933803)SJTU-UM Collaborative Research Program,the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at the Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning
文摘One of the critical issues in gram-negative bacterial adhesion is how wettability regulates adhesion as the surface wettability varies from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic,and what is the relevant/contributing role of the lipopolysaccharide（LPS） outer layer of the gram-negative shell during this procedure.Herein,by avoiding the unexpected influence induced by the varied topographies,control over gram-negative bacteria adhesion by wettability is achieved on biomimetic hierarchical surfaces,which is mainly mediated by LPS layer.The study provides a methodology to have a good control over bacteria cell adhesion by properly designing wettable surface structures.This design concept is helpful for developing new generations of biomaterials in order to control a variety of diseases induced by gramnegative bacteria,which still continue to be very important and necessary in the fields of biomedicine.
基金financially supported by the Distinguished Taishan Scholars in Climbing Plan (No. tspd20161006)the Major-Special Science and Technology Projects in Shandong Province(Nos.2019JZZY010303 and 2019JZZY010360)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. ZR2019MEM049)。
文摘In this paper,a three-dimensional(3D)hierar-chical ZnO structure consisting of nanosheets modified with ultrafine NiO particles was synthesized via a facile two-step chemical precipitate method.Various techniques characterized the as-synthesized ZnO/NiO composites and pure ZnO.The p-NiO/n-ZnO junctions formed between adjacent ZnO and NiO nanoparticles,improving the gas sensing performance.The ZnO/NiO composite with the Ni:Zn atomic ratio of 7.42:100 exhibited the best iso-propanol sensing properties.Compared to pure ZnO,it showed high selectivity and sensitivity(R_(a)/R_(g)=221.3 toward 400×10^(-6)isopropanol),fast response rate(less than 10 s),short recovery time,and simultaneously low operating temperature.Also,the ZnO/NiO composite exhibited a wide sensing range(1×10^(-6)-1000×10^(-6))to isopropanol and processed good long-term stability.The experimental results suggested the potential application in fabricating efficient isopropanol sensors using this ZnO/NiO composite.The enhanced isopropanol sensing mech-anism is also discussed in charge transfer between heterojunctions,surface area,and surface defects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51772310)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52222202)+3 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences(No.QYZDYSSWJSC031)Key Deployment Projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ZDRW-CN2019-01)Shanghai Sailing Program(No.21YF1454600)Outstanding Chinese and Foreign Youth Exchange Program of China Association of Science and Technology.
文摘In this work,hierarchical hybrid composites consisting of porous three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide(3D-rGO)skeleton and lamellar boron nitride(BN)/silicon carbide(SiC)coatings are prepared by chemical vapor infiltration(CVI)process.The graphene framework prepared by 3D printing and frozen self-assembly exhibits a lightweight structure and a perforated conductive network,which extends the transmission path of incident microwaves.The introduced ceramic coatings can effectively tune the impedance matching degree and supply a lossy phase,and the hierarchical structure of the composites enhances the multiple scattering of the incident microwaves.As expected,the 3D-rGO/BN/SiC composites possess an excellent absorbing performance with a minimum reflection loss value of–37.8 dB,and the widest effective absorbing bandwidth(RL<–10 dB)of 5.90 GHz is obtained.The controllable fabrication of composites can provide a guideline for rational design and fabrication of high-performance electromagnetic waves absorbing materials in practical applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52105303 and 52025053)Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No.20220101209JC)Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52021003).
文摘Amplifying the intrinsic wettability of substrate material by changing the solid/liquid contact area is considered to be the main mechanism for controlling the wettability of rough or structured surfaces.Through theoretical analysis and experimental exploration,we have found that in addition to this wettability structure amplification effect,the surface structure also simultaneously controls surface wettability by regulating the wetting state via changing the threshold Young angles of the Cassie-Baxter and Wenzel wetting regions.This wetting state regulation effect provides us with an alternative strategy to overcome the inherent limitation in surface chemistry by tailoring surface structure.The wetting state regulation effect created by multi-scale hierarchical structures is quite significant and plays is a crucial role in promoting the superhydrophobicity,superhydrophilicity and the transition between these two extreme wetting properties,as well as stabilizing the Cassie-Baxter superhydrophobic state on the fabricated lotus-like hierarchically structured Cu surface and the natural lotus leaf.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21972158)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(201901D211583 and 20210302124625)the Doctoral Start-up Foundation of Shanxi Province(SQ2019006).
文摘The design and fabrication of efficient catalysts for ammonium perchlorate(AP)decomposition is crucial for the performance of composite solid propellants.Herein,a novel hierarchical structure material of Cu-WO_(3) nanowire arrays on a nanoflower flake(Cu-WO_(3) NANF)was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal reaction.The negatively charged(001)polar facets of hexagonal WO_(3) and the action of Cu^(2+) induced growth were two important factors for the formation of hierarchical structures.The Cu-WO_(3) NANF exhibited remarkable catalytic activity for the thermal decomposition of AP.The temperature and activation energy of high temperature AP decomposition were significantly decreased to 378.3℃ and 147.01 kJ mol^(−1),respectively,which are attributed to the more oxygen vacancies and lower band gap energy of the Cu-WO_(3) NANF.Thus,it was excited at a lower heat to produce activated species.Under the strong adsorption of Cu-WO_(3) NANF surface Lewis acid,the activated species can react with NH3 quickly and deeply to produce N_(2),N_(2)O,NO_(2) and NO gases,accompanied by a heat release of up to 1118 J g^(−1).The proposed catalytic mechanism was further corroborated by the in situ TG-MS result.This facile strategy provided a new idea for the design of hierarchical catalysts,and our research opened up a new field for WO_(3) applications.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.81927809)Chengdu University new faculty start-up funding(No.2081920074).
文摘Replacing the oxygen evolution half-reaction by a sulfion oxidation reaction(SOR)with ultra-low theoretical oxidation potential and designing efficient SOR catalysts are promising strategies to decrease the energy consumption of electrochemical hydrogen production.Here,Ni-doped cobaltous carbonate hydroxide nanorod arrays(Ni-Co-C/NF)are used as unique pre-electrocatalysts for SOR.Ni-doped cobalt carbonate hydroxide in situ transforms into Ni,Co-based sulfides with a high degree of amorphization(Ni-Co-S/NF)during the SOR process.Ni-Co-S/NF achieves high SOR intrinsic activity,and just needs an ultra-low potential of 0.366 V vs.RHE to reach a current density of 100 mA cm^(−2).Meanwhile,a dissymmetrical acid–base coupled electrolytic system is designed for simultaneous hydrogen and sulfur production using Ni-Co-S/NF as the catalytic electrode.This well-designed system significantly decreases the energy consumption of hydrogen production,and can even generate extra electric energy at low current density.This work provides unique insights into an in situ reconstruction and dissymmetrical electrolyte,which will promote the fast development of hydrogen energy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52442507).
文摘The lack of freshwater resources is a global problem.Fast and efficient water capture from fog is a good solution for many organisms living in arid regions.Compared with superhydrophobic surfaces,slippery liquid-filled porous surfaces(SLIPS)exhibit excellent droplet transport and shedding properties with very low sliding angles(SAs).It is not easy to produce a water film which can effectively improve the efficiency of fog collection.The shape and size of the micro/nanostructure are flexibly adjusted by laser etching,the nanowires on the micron-scale pillars and groove structure are uniformly covered by ammonia etching,and silicone oil is injected by spin-coating to obtain a slippery liquid-infused surface with a micro/nanostructure.Under the synergistic effect of our constructed micro/nanostructure,the superhydrophobic surface injected with lubricant exhibited efficient droplet capture,aggregation,and removal properties,which greatly improved the fog collection efficiency(107%higher than that of the original sample).More importantly,the surface has excellent stability,ice resistance,and acid/alkali resistance and is expected to be used in various extreme adjustments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22271178,22301239)Science and Technology New Star in Shaanxi Province(No.2023KJXX-045)+3 种基金the Youth Talent Promotion Project of Science and Technology Association of Universities of Shaanxi Province(No.20240601)Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education service local special project,industrialization cultivation project(No.23JC007)the Research Program of the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(Nos.23JK0596,23JP135)the Open Foundation of Xi’an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials(No.CFZKFKT23003).
文摘The regulation of the interfacial electric field plays a pivotal role in magnifying the electromagnetic en-ergy attenuation capability during the design and synthesis of efficient and tunable absorbers for elec-tromagnetic waves(EMW).Herein,a rational and universally applicable two-step hydrothermal method strategy was proposed to effectively control the electronic structure of Mott-Schottky EMW absorbing materials derived from Co-MOF.The as-synthesized Co_(3)S_(4)@MoS_(2)/NC ensures efficient electron transfer,while the change redistribution leads to the emergence of additional electric dipoles under an external EMM field.In addition,the hierarchical Co_(3)S_(4)@MoS_(2)/NC nano-architecture with a hierarchical arrange-ment in 2D and 3D offers more polarization sites,thereby extending the path for EMW transmission through multiple reflections and scattering.The potential to enhance the EMW absorption performance of Co_(3)S_(4)@MoS_(2)/NC lies in its unique microstructure and substantial surface area,which optimize impedance matching properties through a synergistic effect of dipole and interfacial polarization induced by Mott-Schottky heterointerfaces.As anticipated,the Co_(3)S_(4)@MoS_(2)/NC exhibits a maximum EMW absorption ca-pacity with an RLmin value of-41.97 dB and a broad EAB of 4.24 GHz at a thickness of 2.0 mm.This study provides insights for designing highly efficient Mott-Schottky EMW absorbing materials at the molecular level rationally.
基金funded by Tsinghua-Toyota Joint Research Fund,National Natural Science Foundation of China(52175274)Tsinghua Precision Medicine Foundation.X.W.thanks the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant ID:81630064)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant ID:7232129).
文摘Addressing irregular bone defects is a formidable clinical challenge,as traditional scaffolds frequently fail to meet the complex requirements of bone regeneration,resulting in suboptimal healing.This study introduces a novel 3D-printed magnesium scaffold with hierarchical structure(macro-,meso-,and nano-scales)and tempered degradation(microscale),intricately customized at multiple scales to bolster bone regeneration according to patient-specific needs.For the hierarchical structure,at the macroscale,it can feature anatomic geometries for seamless integration with the bone defect;The mesoscale pores are devised with optimized curvature and size,providing an adequate mechanical response as well as promoting cellular proliferation and vascularization,essential for natural bone mimicry;The nanoscale textured surface is enriched with a layered double hydroxide membrane,augmenting bioactivity and osteointegration.Moreover,microscale enhancements involve a duallayer coating of high-temperature oxidized film and hydrotalcite,offering a robust shield against fast degradation.Eventually,this scaffold demonstrates superior geometrical characteristics,load-bearing capacity,and degradation performance,significantly outperforming traditional scaffolds based on in vitro and in vivo assessments,marking a breakthrough in repairing customized bone defects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11932004 and HWG2022001)the Opening Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics,Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,China.
文摘Living organisms,such as geckos and insects,exhibit excellent climbing ability on various complex surfaces due to the hair-like hierarchical adhesive systems of their attachment devices.Over the past few decades,an increased understanding of the mechanisms of multiscale hierarchical adhesion systems and the continual improvement of theoretical modeling have promoted the rapid advancement in the design and application of biomimetic artificial adhesives.The modeling of biomimetic artificial adhesives has developed from simple structures to complex constructions with multilevel hierarchical properties.A review of advances in the development of these contact mechanics models is presented here.Adhesion and friction models considering multiscale hierarchical structural forms are discussed,with a focus on multiscale hierarchical models based on the development of the Cantor‒Borodich profiles.Finally,the most recent developments in studies of artificial setae with spatula-like ends,both axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric,are reviewed.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52035004,52105434).
文摘Hierarchical micro/nanograting structures have attracted increasing attention owing to their significant applications in the fields of structural coloring,anti-counterfeiting,and decoration.Thus,the fabrication of hierarchical micro/nanograting structures is important for these applications.In this study,a strategy for machining hierarchical micro/nanograting structures is developed by controlling the tool movement trajectory.A coupling Euler-Lagrange finite element model is established to simulate the machining process.The effect of the machining methods on the nanograting formation is demonstrated,and a suitable machining method for reducing the cutting force is obtained.The height of the nanograting decreases with an increase in the tool edge radius.Furthermore,optical variable devices(OVDs)are machined using an array overlap machining approach.Coding schemes for the parallel column unit crossover and column unit in the groove crossover are designed to achieve high-quality machining of OVDs.The coloring of the logo of the Harbin Institute of Technology and the logo of the centennial anniversary of the Harbin Institute of Technology on the surface of metal samples,such as aluminum alloys,is realized.The findings of this study provide a method for the fabrication of hierarchical micro/nanograting structures that can be used to prepare OVDs.
基金World Premier International Research Center Initiative(WPI Initiative)on Materials Nanoarchitronics,MEXT,Japanthe Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)for a support in the form of a fellowship tenable at the National Institute for Materials Science,Tsukuba,Japan.
文摘A focus of the current nanotechnology has shifted from routine fabrication of nanostructures to designing functional electronic devices and realizing their immense potentials for applications. Due to infusion of multi-functionality into a single system, the utilization of hetero-, core/shell and hierarchical nanostructures has become the key issue for building such devices. ZnS, due to its direct wide bandgap, high index of refraction, high transparency in the visible range and intrinsic polarity, is one of the most useful semiconductors for a wide range of electronics applications. This article provides a dense review of the state-of-the-art research activities in one-dimensional （1D） ZnS-based hetero-, core/shell and hierarchical nanostructures. The particular emphasis is put on their syntheses and applications.
基金jointly supported by the National Key Research and Development Programme of China(Nos.2022YFA1404704 and 2020YFA0406104)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52372197 and 52002168)+2 种基金Excellent Research Programme of Nanjing University(No.ZYJH005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.021314380184,021314380208,021314380190,021314380140,and 021314380150)State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies(Wuhan Textile University,No.FZ2022011).
文摘The potential of personal cooling technologies in reducing air conditioning energy consumption and enhancing human thermal comfort is substantial.This review focuses on recent advancements in hierarchical structure design for innovative cooling textiles.Beginning with insights into fundamental heat transfer processes between the human body,textile,and the surroundings,we uncover key control mechanisms.Then the advanced hierarchical structure designs enabling effective radiation,sweat evaporation,conduction management,and integration of cold energy sources for realizing effective human body cooling are systematically summarized.Additionally,we explore multifunctional designs beyond cooling,including switchable cooling-heating and sensing.Finally,we engage in discussions on unifying cooling performance tests and additional multiple requirements to make strides toward practical applications.This review is anticipated to be a valuable resource,providing the scientific and industrial communities with a quick grasp of past advancements,current challenges,and future directions in achieving effective human body cooling.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21174092,51473105 and 51421061)the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(973 program)(No.2012CB025902)
文摘The hierarchical crystalline morphologies and orientation structures across the thickness direction in high-density polyethylene （HDPE） molded bars were investigated via a novel melt-penetrating processing method named multi-melt multi-injection molding （M3IM）. The samples with various mold temperatures （20, 40 and 60 ℃） were prepared, and the effects of the external temperature profile on the evolution of crystalline microstructures were studied. With scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, the transition of crystalline morphology from ring-banded structure to oriented lamellae was observed with decreasing mold temperature, and the oriented lamellae were formed at the sub-skin layer of the samples at the lowest mold temperature, which was further testified by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. With the decline of mold temperature, the degree of orientation, obtained from two-dimensional small angle X-ray scattering （2D-SAXS）, was increased and long periods rose a little. Thus, decreasing mold temperature was beneficial to the formation of orientation structures because the relaxation of chains was weakened.
基金We thank Prof.Cunming Yu and Dr.Xiao Xiao for providing COMSLO simulation.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar(No.21725401)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0207800)+1 种基金the 111 project(B14009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Efficient light absorption and trapping are of vital importance for the solar water evaporation by hydrogel-based photothermal conversion materials.Conventional strategies are focused on the development of the composition and structure of the hydrogers internal network.In our point of view,the importance of the surface structure of hydrogel has usually been underestimated or ignored.Here inspired by the excellent absorbance and water transportation ability of biological surface structure,the hierarchical structured hydrogel evaporators(HSEs)increased the light absorption,trapping,water transportation and water-air interface,which is the beneficial photothermal conversion and water evaporation.The HSEs showed a rapid evaporation rate of 1.77 kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1)at about 92%energy efficiency under one sun(1 kW·m^(-2)).Furthermore,the superhydrophilic window device was used in this work to collect the condensed water,which avoids the light-blocking caused by the water mist formed by the small droplets and the problem of the droplets stick on the device dropping back to the bulk water.Integrated with the excellent photothermal conversion hydrogel and superhydrophilic window equipment,this work provides efficient evaporation and desalination of hydrogel-based solar evaporators in practical large-scale applications.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2022MB034)the Development Program Project of the Young Innovation Team of Institutions of Higher Learning in Shandong Province。
文摘Endowing stimuli-responsive materials with micro-nano structures is an intriguing strategy for the fabrication of superwetting surfaces;however,its application is limited by poor chemical/mechanical stability.Herein,a simple and versatile strategy was developed to fabricate durable polymeric superwetting surfaces with photoswitchable wettability on hierarchically structured metallic substrates.Inspired by nature,a novel functional terpolymer incorporating mussel-inspired catechol groups,photoresponsive azobenzene groups,and low-surface-energy fluorine-containing groups was synthesized via solution radical polymerization.The azobenzene-containing terpolymer possesses outstanding photoresponsiveness in both the solution and film states because of the trans-cis isomerization of the azobenzene moieties.After dip-coating with the mussel-inspired azo-copolymer,the as-prepared smart surfaces exhibited a photo-triggered change in wettability between high hydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity.More importantly,these superwetting surfaces with enhanced adhesion properties can tolerate harsh environmental conditions and repeated abrasion tests,thereby demonstrating excellent chemical robustness and mechanical durability.This study paves a new avenue for the convenient and large-scale fabrication of robust smart surfaces that could find widespread potential applications in microfluidic devices,water treatment,and functional coatings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52405414)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M762580)+1 种基金Young Talent Fund of Xi'an Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.0959202513033)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities,and the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities.The authors gratefully acknowledge the support by the Instrumental Analysis Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University for sample characterization.
文摘In the background of carbon neutrality,monolithic ceramic catalysts are universally used in energy conversion and chemical catalysis due to the high heat and mass transfer efficiencies,low bed pressures,and scalability through modular design.However,traditional manufacturing processes are limited by mold dependence,organic solvent toxicity,and insufficient molding capability for complex structures,resulting in difficulty achieving precise regulation of cross-scale pores.Additive manufacturing(AM)technology employs a digital layered molding strategy to achieve the cross-scale structural regulation of catalysts from macroscopic flow channels to mesopores and micropores.This paper summarizes recent advances in the structural design of monolithic catalysts enabled by AM technologies and highlights their emerging applications in catalytic processes.Structurally,AM-fabricated monoliths have been effectively employed in key chemical reactions such as fuel reforming,CO_(2)conversion,biofuel synthesis.Strategies such as geometrical topology optimization,multi-scale pore synergy,biomimetic structural design,and functional gradient integration have been utilized to enhance heat and mass transport,reduce pressure drops,and improve overall catalytic performance.By overcoming the limitations of traditional catalysts,AM technologies create a new paradigm for addressing the longstanding challenge of coupling mass transfer with reaction kinetics.This approach provides a feasible pathway for driving both theoretical innovation and practical implementation of high-efficiency catalytic systems.
