According to the measurement principle of the traditional interferometer,a narrowband signal model is established and used,however,for wideband signals or multiple signals,this model is invalid.For the problems of dir...According to the measurement principle of the traditional interferometer,a narrowband signal model is established and used,however,for wideband signals or multiple signals,this model is invalid.For the problems of direction finding with interferometer for wideband signals and multiple signals scene,a frequency domain phase interferometer is proposed and the concrete implementation scheme is given.The proposed method computes the phase difference in frequency domain,and finds multi-target results with judging the spectrum amplitude changing,and uses the frequency phase difference to compute the arrival angle.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method effectively solves the problem of the angle estimation with phase interferometer for wideband signals,and has good performance in multiple signals scene with nonoverlapping spectrum or partially overlapping.In addition,the wider the signal bandwidth,the better direction finding performance of this algorithm.展开更多
To describe and analyze the current status of benefit-finding research in patients with chronic diseases and to provide a reference for clinical practice and future research in this field.Using Arksey and O’Malley’s...To describe and analyze the current status of benefit-finding research in patients with chronic diseases and to provide a reference for clinical practice and future research in this field.Using Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology as a framework,we searched PubMed,Web of Science,Science Direct,and CINAHL(4 English databases);and China National Knowledge Infrastructure,the VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals,the Wan Fang Database and China Biomedical Database(4 Chinese databases)for literature on benefit finding in patients with chronic diseases,with a search time frame of construction to April 20,2024,and the literature was screened,extracted,and summarized.A total of 44 papers were included,comprising 18 in Chinese and 26 in English.Among them,a total of 19 assessment tools were used,and the influential factors investigated were categorized into socio-demographic characteristics,disease-related characteristics,psychological and behavioral characteristics,coping styles,and social support.Benefit finding is found to be a positive psychological experience and important for patients with chronic diseases,and the influencing factors are complex and diverse,with a wide range of assessment tools.However,domestic tools lack autonomy and specificity.Clinical caregivers and staff should develop relevant assessment tools and formulate a personalized research plan based on the characteristics of patients with chronic diseases in China to promote the adoption of healthy lifestyles by patients with chronic diseases,improve their self-management ability,and provide a practical basis for improving the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Crohn’s disease(CD)patients with intestinal involvement often require surgical intervention due to resistance to medical therapy.Postoperative recurrence remains a significant challenge,with the Rutgeerts ...BACKGROUND Crohn’s disease(CD)patients with intestinal involvement often require surgical intervention due to resistance to medical therapy.Postoperative recurrence remains a significant challenge,with the Rutgeerts score commonly used to predict endoscopic recurrence.AIM To evaluate the relationship between microscopic and macroscopic pathological findings in resected intestinal specimens and the Rutgeerts score to predict endoscopic recurrence in CD patients.METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 32 patients over 18 years of age with intestinal CD who underwent surgery at General Surgery Clinic of Ankara Bilkent City Hospital between November 2019 and October 2023.Resection specimens were histopathologically re-examined,and postoperative colonoscopy reports were classified according to the Rutgeerts score.The association between pathological findings and endoscopic recurrence was analyzed statistically.RESULTS No significant association was found between macroscopic findings and Rutgeerts scores or endoscopic recurrence(P>0.05).However,the presence and severity of neutrophilic cryptitis(P=0.035)and crypt abscesses(P=0.010)in microscopic findings were significantly associated with higher Rutgeerts scores,indicating a parallel increase with endoscopic recurrence.Other microscopic findings showed no significant correlation with Rutgeerts scores or endoscopic recurrence(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The presence of neutrophilic cryptitis and crypt abscesses in resected intestinal specimens of CD patients increases the likelihood of endoscopic recurrence.Early postoperative medical treatment and close endoscopic follow-up may benefit high-risk patients to prevent recurrence,with treatment decisions made by a weekly multidisciplinary council involving General Surgery,Gastroenterology,and Radiology.展开更多
Reconstructing the trajectories of charged particles in high-energy physics experiments is a complex task,particularly for long-lived particles.At the future Super Tau-Charm Facility(STCF),such particles are expected ...Reconstructing the trajectories of charged particles in high-energy physics experiments is a complex task,particularly for long-lived particles.At the future Super Tau-Charm Facility(STCF),such particles are expected to appear in several key benchmark physics processes.A Common Tracking Software was used to reconstruct the trajectories of long-lived particles,revealing that the track-finding performance of the widely used combinatorial Kalman filter is limited by its seeding algorithm.This limitation can be mitigated by guiding the combinatorial Kalman filter using initial tracks provided by the Hough transform.The track-finding performance of the combined Hough transform and combinatorial Kalman filter was evaluated using the process J∕ψ→Λ(→pπ−)Λ(→pπ+)at STCF.展开更多
AIM:To analyze the ocular findings of patients who received lifelong leptin therapy due to congenital leptin deficiency(CLD),an extremely rare condition.METHODS:A prospective,cross-sectional comparative study was perf...AIM:To analyze the ocular findings of patients who received lifelong leptin therapy due to congenital leptin deficiency(CLD),an extremely rare condition.METHODS:A prospective,cross-sectional comparative study was performed on six patients with CLD and 13 healthy age-and sex-matched controls.The central corneal thickness(CCT),anterior chamber depth(ACD),axial length(AL),keratometry(K1,K2),optical coherence tomography(OCT),and OCT angiography parameters were compared between the leptin and control groups at the baseline visit.The change in these measurements in leptin patients over a two-year period was analyzed.RESULTS:CLD patients had lower mean AL,ACD,and CCT(P≤0.012 for all).Mean K1,K2(P≤0.047 for both),choroidal thickness(P≤0.001),and central ganglion cell layer(GCL)thickness(P=0.029)were higher in the leptin group.Perifoveal superficial capillary plexus(SCP)density was decreased in all quadrants except the temporal region(P<0.05),and parafoveal deep capillary plexus(DCP)density was decreased in the superior hemisphere,temporal quadrant(P≤0.036 for both)and nasal quadrant(P=0.048)in the leptin group.During the two-year follow-up,no changes in anterior and posterior segment measurements were observed in the leptin patients,except for subfoveal choroidal thickness(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:CLD patients exhibit structural alterations in both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye,including notable changes in retinal and choroidal vasculature.However,there is limited evidence concerning the influence of leptin therapy on the eye.展开更多
BACKGROUND Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma(MEITL)is an uncom-mon and highly aggressive form of lymphoma that represents less than 1%of all non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas.At present,few reports have fo...BACKGROUND Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma(MEITL)is an uncom-mon and highly aggressive form of lymphoma that represents less than 1%of all non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas.At present,few reports have focused on the imaging findings of MEITL,which poses significant challenges for clinical diagnosis.A 78-year-old female with recurrent vomiting and abdominal distension was admitted to our hospital.Magnetic resonance and^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography(^(18)F-FDG PET/CT)examinations revealed multiple segmental malignant tumors in the small intestine with me-senteric lymph node metastasis.An endoscopic biopsy revealed MEITL.After three cycles of reduced-dose cyclophosphamide,vinorelbine,and prednisone che-motherapy,follow-up^(18)F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated a partial response to treatment.The patient was still alive after 6 months of follow-up.CONCLUSION Magnetic resonance imaging serves as a valuable tool in detecting malignant tumor lesions of MEITL,whereas^(18)F-FDG PET/CT offers additional assistance in tumor staging and assessing treatment efficacy.展开更多
A solution to compute the optimal path based on a single-line-single-directional（SLSD）road network model is proposed.Unlike the traditional road network model,in the SLSD conceptual model,being single-directional an...A solution to compute the optimal path based on a single-line-single-directional（SLSD）road network model is proposed.Unlike the traditional road network model,in the SLSD conceptual model,being single-directional and single-line style,a road is no longer a linkage of road nodes but abstracted as a network node.Similarly,a road node is abstracted as the linkage of two ordered single-directional roads.This model can describe turn restrictions,circular roads,and other real scenarios usually described using a super-graph.Then a computing framework for optimal path finding（OPF）is presented.It is proved that classical Dijkstra and A algorithms can be directly used for OPF computing of any real-world road networks by transferring a super-graph to an SLSD network.Finally,using Singapore road network data,the proposed conceptual model and its corresponding optimal path finding algorithms are validated using a two-step optimal path finding algorithm with a pre-computing strategy based on the SLSD road network.展开更多
AIM:To validate the usefulness of screening endoscopy findings for predictingHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection status. METHODS:H. pylori infection status was determined by histology, serology, and the urea bre...AIM:To validate the usefulness of screening endoscopy findings for predictingHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection status. METHODS:H. pylori infection status was determined by histology, serology, and the urea breast test in 77 consecutive patients who underwent upper endoscopy. Based on the findings, patients were categorized as H. pylori -uninfected, -infected, or -eradicated cases. Using six photos of certain sites in the stomach per case, we determined the presence or absence of the following endoscopic findings:regular arrangement of collecting venules (RAC), linear erythema, hemorrhage, fundic gland polyp (FGP), atrophic change, rugal hyperplasia, edema, spotty erythema, exudate, xanthoma, and mottled patchy erythema (MPE). The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and inter-observer agreement (Kappa value) for these 11 endoscopic findings used in the determination of H. pylori infection status were calculated. RESULTS:Of the 77 patients [32 men and 45 women; mean age (SD), 39.7 (13.4) years] assessed, 28 were H. pylori uninfected, 28 were infected, and 21 were eradicated. DOR values were significantly high (< 0.05) for the following H. pylori cases:uninfected cases with RAC (11.5), linear erythema (24.5), hemorrhage (4.1), and FGP (34.5); for infected cases with atrophic change (8.67), rugal hyperplasia (15.8), edema (14.2), spotty erythema (11.5), and exudate (3.52); and for eradicated cases with atrophic change (32.4) and MPE (103.0). Kappa values were excellent for FGP (0.93), good for RAC (0.63), hemorrhage (0.79), atrophic change (0.74), and MPE (0.75), moderate for linear erythema (0.51), rugal hyperplasia (0.49), edema (0.58), spotty erythema (0.47), and exudate (0.46), and poor for xanthoma (0.19). CONCLUSION:The endoscopic findings of RAC, hemorrhage, FGP, atrophic change, and MPE will be useful for predicting H. pylori infection status.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the prevalence and implications of unusual histopathological findings in appendectomy specimens from patients with suspected acute appendicitis. METHODS: The demographic and histopathological data ...AIM: To investigate the prevalence and implications of unusual histopathological findings in appendectomy specimens from patients with suspected acute appendicitis. METHODS: The demographic and histopathological data of 1621 patients (≥ 16 years-old) who underwent appendectomy to treat an initial diagnosis of acute appendicitis between January 1999 and November 2011 were retrospectively assessed. Microscopic findings were used to classify the patients under six categories: appendix vermiformis, phlegmonous appendicitis, gan- grenous appendicitis, perforated appendicitis, supurative appendicitis, and unusual histopathologic findings. The demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with unusual histopathologic findings were evaluated in detail, and re-analysis of archived resected appendix specimens was carried out. RESULTS: A total of 912 males and 709 females, from16 to 94 years old, were included in the study and comprised 789 cases of suppurative appendicitis, 370 cases of appendix vermiformis, 243 cases of perforated gangrenous appendicitis, 53 cases of flegmaneous appendicitis, 32 cases of gangrenous appendicitis, and 134 (8.3%) cases of unusual histopathological findings. The unusual histopathological findings included fibrous obliteration (n = 62), enterobius vermicularis (n = 31), eosinophilic infiltration (n = 10), mucinous cystadenoma (n = 8), carcinoid tumor (n = 6), granulomatous inflammation (n = 5), adenocarcinoma (n = 4; one of them mucinous), and mucocele (n = 3), adenomatous polyp (n = 1), taenia sup (n = 1), ascaris lumbricoides (n = 1), appendiceal diverticula (n = 1), and B cell non-hodgkin lymphoma (n = 1). None of the 11 patients with subsequent diagnosis of tumor were suspected of cancer prior to the appendectomy. CONCLUSION: Even when the macroscopic appearance of appendectomy specimens is normal, histopathological assessment will allow early diagnosis of many unusual diseases.展开更多
Wide distribution of Cambrian salt-bearing basins is a prominent feature of older strata in Asia. The Cambrian salt-bearing sequences are mainly distributed in East Siberia of Russia, Iran, Oman, India, Pakistan, and ...Wide distribution of Cambrian salt-bearing basins is a prominent feature of older strata in Asia. The Cambrian salt-bearing sequences are mainly distributed in East Siberia of Russia, Iran, Oman, India, Pakistan, and China. The Cambrian was one of the most important epochs of potash deposition in the world. Potash salts are found in East Siberia, Iran, India, and Pakistan, and, among them, one of the largest potash deposits in the world-the Siberian Nepa Potash Basin-formed in the Early Cambrian. The Cambrian was also one of the most important epochs of rock gypsum and salt deposition in China. Gypsum deposits occur in all the three major continental blocks of China （Yangtze Block, North China Block, and Tarim Block）, forming four large marine salt-bearing basins. Extensive, thick rock salt deposits have been found in the Yangtze Block and Tarim Block, where better potashbearing hydrochemical manifestations and leaching coefficient anomalies have been found for the first time. In the North China Block, a number of gypsum deposits and occurrences have been observed and Cambrian high-salinity brine and halite crystals found in oil wells. This study for the first time relatively completely analyzes the distribution and tempo-spatial evolution of Cambrian gypsum and salt-bearing basins in China, which provide an important basis for the study of the history of Cambrian paleogeographic evolution over the globe and salt and potash exploration in Cambrian salt-bearing basins of China.展开更多
Objective:To determine Blastocystis frequency and subtypes(ST) in ulcerative colitis(UC) patients and analyse some laboratory findings between Blastocystis positive and negative cases.Methods:Faecal samples from 150 U...Objective:To determine Blastocystis frequency and subtypes(ST) in ulcerative colitis(UC) patients and analyse some laboratory findings between Blastocystis positive and negative cases.Methods:Faecal samples from 150 UC patients in Adnan Menderes University,Training and Research Hospital were examined by direct microscopy and cultivated in Jones medium.Blastocystis positive cultures were subjected to DNA isolation and subtypes were identified by sequencing of barcode region.A retrospective analysis was conducted on C reactive protein(CRP),leukocyte counts(WBC),neutrophil counts,and sedimentation rates.Results:The overall positive rate of Blastocystis was 8%(12 patients) and the most abundant subtype was ST3(eight isolates,66.7%),followed by ST1,ST2 and ST7.Laboratory findings between Blastocystis infected and non-infected UC patients were not significantly different.Blastocystisfrequency was 3.8% among the patients in active stage,while it was 11.8% among the patients in remission stage.Conclusions:The present study confirms previous findings that have indicated the predominance of Blastocystis ST3 in humans and contributes additional evidence that suggests the low colonization of Blastocystis infection in ulcerative colitis patients during active stage.展开更多
The academic world is still uncertain about the classification of Taisui. It is debating whether Taisui is living or not, myxomycete complex or fungi. The passage studies the 228 finding reports of Taisui in modern Ch...The academic world is still uncertain about the classification of Taisui. It is debating whether Taisui is living or not, myxomycete complex or fungi. The passage studies the 228 finding reports of Taisui in modern China. It confirms that the first finding time of Taisui in modern China is 1963, and the first reported time is 1992. Taisui has been found in 25 administrative divisions. Taisui occurs the most times in Shandong Province. Besides, provinces where Taisui has been found most times are in northern China. Finding locations of Taisui vary from place to place. Taisui is most often found in normal earth layer, with different burying depth. Taisui is mainly found through seeing, tramping, and digging. Taisui findings lack subjective motivations and are connected with the life and production of the finders. Conclusion: Taisui is an object growing in earth layer.展开更多
AIM:To characterize the histopathologic specifications of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)according to age and gender.METHODS:An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in two private gastroenterology clinic...AIM:To characterize the histopathologic specifications of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)according to age and gender.METHODS:An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in two private gastroenterology clinics on biopsy proven patients suffering from NASH.Biopsy histopathologic findings as well as demographic and laboratory data of the patients at the time of biopsy were gathered retrospectively from clinical records.The grading and staging of histopathologic findings were performed according to the Brunt method after reevaluation of the slides by a pathologist.Patients were divided into two groups according to age(belowand above 55 years).Mean quantitative grade of all pathologic findings were also calculated according to Brunt scoring values.RESULTS:A total number of 77 NASH patients,consisting of 58 males(75.3%)and 19(24.7%)females with a mean age of 41.99±11.80 years(range,18-70 years),were enrolled.The mean age(48.72±13.99 years vs 39.74±10.16 years,P=0.004)and aspartate aminotransferase level(75.11±29.68 U/L vs 52.78± 25.00 U/L,P=0.002)was significantly higher in female patients.Mean quantitative grade of hepatosteatosis was significantly higher in females(2.00±0.82 vs 1.59 ±0.68,P=0.031)compared to males.Fifty four percent(34/65)of young patients had mild hepatosteatosis (GradeⅠ)while only one patient(11.2%)in the older group had gradeⅠhepatosteatosis.Patients aged≥55 had significantly more severe hepatosteatosis(GradeⅢ) (44.4%vs 9.5%,P=0.007)and the mean quantitative grade of hepatosteatosis was significantly higher among them(2.33±0.71 vs 1.56±0.67,P=0.002).Multivariate analysis after omitting the confounding role of age revealed a higher grade of hepatosteatosis in female patients(P=0.010).CONCLUSION:These findings point toward the possible influence of age in the severity of steatohepatitis,portal and lobar inflammation in patients suffering from NASH while gender independently might contribute to the level of steatohepatitis.展开更多
A method of improving the accuracy of laser pulse range finding from ±10 m to ±1 m inexpensively by means of time scale up is described. Time scale up can stretch the entire flight time by a factor of 1 00...A method of improving the accuracy of laser pulse range finding from ±10 m to ±1 m inexpensively by means of time scale up is described. Time scale up can stretch the entire flight time by a factor of 1 000 and then the stretched result is counted to calculate the distance. The use of this technique decreases the resolution of counting from nanosecond to microsecond, therefore a separate counting oscillator followed by an interpolation operation is unnecessary. This technique can improve the accuracy of laser pulse range finding inexpensively and effectively.展开更多
Introduction In their article entitled‘Investigating genetic causal relationships between blood pressure and anxiety,depressive symptoms,neuroticism and subjective well-being’,Cai and colleagues1 presented the resul...Introduction In their article entitled‘Investigating genetic causal relationships between blood pressure and anxiety,depressive symptoms,neuroticism and subjective well-being’,Cai and colleagues1 presented the results of a two-sample Mendelian randomisation2(MR)study examining associations between blood pressure traits(systolic,diastolic,hypertension and pulse pressure)and psychological traits(anxiety,depression,neuroticism and subjective well-being).After correction for multiple testing.展开更多
A 39-year-old patient with Crohn's disease (CD) was referred to our hospital for maintenance treatment of CD.He was diagnosed as having CD of the small and large intestines at 32 years old.He underwent partial res...A 39-year-old patient with Crohn's disease (CD) was referred to our hospital for maintenance treatment of CD.He was diagnosed as having CD of the small and large intestines at 32 years old.He underwent partial resection of the ileum at 35 years old because of ileal perforation.He had received enteral nutritional supplement (1200 kcal/d) and metronidazole preparation (500 mg/d),and was in remission Crohn's disease activity index 73.We performed a routine gastroduodenal endoscopic examination,which revealed the representative endoscopic findings of gastroduodenal lesions in CD,namely,bamboo-joint-like appearance of the gastric body and cardia and a notched sign in the duodenum.These findings were clearly observed by using indigo carmine dye spraying.In our patient,typical gastroduodenal findings were observed even in the remission stage,suggesting that these findings would contribute to the early diagnosis of CD not only in the active stage but also during remission.展开更多
AIM: To investigate whether congenital lumbar spinal stenosis(CLSS) is associated with a specific degenerative changes of the lumbar spine. METHODS: The lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging studies of 52 subjects w...AIM: To investigate whether congenital lumbar spinal stenosis(CLSS) is associated with a specific degenerative changes of the lumbar spine. METHODS: The lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging studies of 52 subjects with CLSS and 48 control subjects were retrospectively evaluated. In each examination, the five lumbar levels were assessed for the presence or absence of circumferential or shallow annular bulges, annular tears, anterior or posterior disc herniations, epidural lipomatosis, Schmorl's nodes,spondylolisthesis, pars defects, and stress reactions of the posterior vertebral elements. RESULTS: Compared to control individuals, subjects with CLSS exhibited increased incidence of circumferential and shallow annular bulges, annular tears, discherniations and spondylolisthesis(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CLSS is associated with increased incidence of degenerative changes in specific osseous and soft-tissue elements of the lumbar spine.展开更多
Inflammatory fibroid polyp(IFP) is a rare benign lesion of the gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of computed tomography(CT) imaging finding of a gastric IFP with massive fibrosis. CT scans showed thickening of ...Inflammatory fibroid polyp(IFP) is a rare benign lesion of the gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of computed tomography(CT) imaging finding of a gastric IFP with massive fibrosis. CT scans showed thickening of submucosal layer with overlying mucosal hyperenhancement in the gastric antrum. The submucosal layer showed increased enhancement on delayed phase imaging. An antrectomy with gastroduodenostomy was performed because gastric cancer was suspected, particularly signet ring cell carcinoma. The histopathological diagnosis was an IFP with massive fibrosis. The authors suggest that when the submucosal layer of the gastric wall is markedly thickened with delayed enhancement and preservation of the mucosal layer, an IFP with massive fibrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis.展开更多
The existing direction of arrival （DOA） estimation algorithms based on the electromagnetic vector sensors array barely deal with the coexisting of independent and coherent signals. A two-dimensional direction findin...The existing direction of arrival （DOA） estimation algorithms based on the electromagnetic vector sensors array barely deal with the coexisting of independent and coherent signals. A two-dimensional direction finding method using an L-shape electromagnetic vector sensors array is proposed. According to this method, the DOAs of the independent signals and the coherent signals are estimated separately, so that the array aperture can be exploited sufficiently. Firstly, the DOAs of the independent signals are estimated by the estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques, and the influence of the co- herent signals can be eliminated by utilizing the property of the coherent signals. Then the data covariance matrix containing the information of the coherent signals only is obtained by exploiting the Toeplitz property of the independent signals, and an improved polarimetric angular smoothing technique is proposed to de-correlate the coherent signals. This new method is more practical in actual signal environment than common DOA estimation algorithms and can expand the array aperture. Simulation results are presented to show the estimating performance of the proposed method.展开更多
Objective: Primary lymphoma of bone (PLB) is a rare malignant bone tumor often presenting in the fifth-sixth decades involving appendicular long bones. Published radiological findings indicate that PLB typically prese...Objective: Primary lymphoma of bone (PLB) is a rare malignant bone tumor often presenting in the fifth-sixth decades involving appendicular long bones. Published radiological findings indicate that PLB typically presents as a moth-eaten osteolytic lesion with periosteal reaction, while MRI commonly demonstrates marrow infiltration with extraosseous extension. Given rarity and variable appearances, PLB may not be primarily considered prior to biopsy. Our objective was to evaluate preoperative imaging findings in effort to increase awareness and improve a perceived deficiency in preoperative diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Following IRB approval, retrospective review identified 60 patients with newly diagnosed bone lesions proven to represent PLB in accordance with WHO definition. Preoperative radiographs (n = 46), MRI (n = 33) and PET (n = 37) were independently reviewed by two radiologists. At radiography, lesions were classified: purely lytic, mixed, purely sclerotic, or occult;lytic lesions were graded utilizing Lodwick’s classification. At MRI, lesions were defined as focal or infiltrative and the presence or absence of extraosseous disease was recorded. Extraosseous masses were defined as small (1 cm) and subjectively correlated with degree of cortical destruction. At PET, lesions were recorded as FDG-avid or not. Primary radiograph reports when available (n = 33) were reviewed and exact wording of differential considerations was recorded. Results: Radiographs demonstrated mixed (n = 22), lytic (n = 15), and sclerotic (n = 8) appearances;one radiographically occult lesion was seen by MRI. Lytic lesions were graded: IB (n = 3), IC (n = 5), II (n = 4), and III (n = 3);none were IA. At MRI, 30 lesions were infiltrative and 3 were focal;11 were not associated with extraosseous extension, while 22 showed bony disease with small (n = 7) or large (n = 15) soft tissue mass. Of large masses, 13 demonstrated minimal cortical destruction. At PET, 36 demonstrated FDG uptake;one study was technically limited. Review of reports found that only 5 included “lymphoma” as a diagnostic consideration. Conclusion: Contrary to most published data, we suggest that PLB typically demonstrates some degree of osteosclerosis, often a mixed pattern of sclerosis and lucency;purely lytic lesions may be less common. Similar to existing reports, MRI commonly demonstrates marrow infiltration with extraosseous extension of disease, typically a large soft tissue mass with disproportionate (minimal) cortical destruction. Familiarity with these findings should improve preoperative consideration of PLB in the appropriate clinical scenario when a new osteoblastic lesion is identified.展开更多
文摘According to the measurement principle of the traditional interferometer,a narrowband signal model is established and used,however,for wideband signals or multiple signals,this model is invalid.For the problems of direction finding with interferometer for wideband signals and multiple signals scene,a frequency domain phase interferometer is proposed and the concrete implementation scheme is given.The proposed method computes the phase difference in frequency domain,and finds multi-target results with judging the spectrum amplitude changing,and uses the frequency phase difference to compute the arrival angle.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method effectively solves the problem of the angle estimation with phase interferometer for wideband signals,and has good performance in multiple signals scene with nonoverlapping spectrum or partially overlapping.In addition,the wider the signal bandwidth,the better direction finding performance of this algorithm.
文摘To describe and analyze the current status of benefit-finding research in patients with chronic diseases and to provide a reference for clinical practice and future research in this field.Using Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodology as a framework,we searched PubMed,Web of Science,Science Direct,and CINAHL(4 English databases);and China National Knowledge Infrastructure,the VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals,the Wan Fang Database and China Biomedical Database(4 Chinese databases)for literature on benefit finding in patients with chronic diseases,with a search time frame of construction to April 20,2024,and the literature was screened,extracted,and summarized.A total of 44 papers were included,comprising 18 in Chinese and 26 in English.Among them,a total of 19 assessment tools were used,and the influential factors investigated were categorized into socio-demographic characteristics,disease-related characteristics,psychological and behavioral characteristics,coping styles,and social support.Benefit finding is found to be a positive psychological experience and important for patients with chronic diseases,and the influencing factors are complex and diverse,with a wide range of assessment tools.However,domestic tools lack autonomy and specificity.Clinical caregivers and staff should develop relevant assessment tools and formulate a personalized research plan based on the characteristics of patients with chronic diseases in China to promote the adoption of healthy lifestyles by patients with chronic diseases,improve their self-management ability,and provide a practical basis for improving the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases.
文摘BACKGROUND Crohn’s disease(CD)patients with intestinal involvement often require surgical intervention due to resistance to medical therapy.Postoperative recurrence remains a significant challenge,with the Rutgeerts score commonly used to predict endoscopic recurrence.AIM To evaluate the relationship between microscopic and macroscopic pathological findings in resected intestinal specimens and the Rutgeerts score to predict endoscopic recurrence in CD patients.METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 32 patients over 18 years of age with intestinal CD who underwent surgery at General Surgery Clinic of Ankara Bilkent City Hospital between November 2019 and October 2023.Resection specimens were histopathologically re-examined,and postoperative colonoscopy reports were classified according to the Rutgeerts score.The association between pathological findings and endoscopic recurrence was analyzed statistically.RESULTS No significant association was found between macroscopic findings and Rutgeerts scores or endoscopic recurrence(P>0.05).However,the presence and severity of neutrophilic cryptitis(P=0.035)and crypt abscesses(P=0.010)in microscopic findings were significantly associated with higher Rutgeerts scores,indicating a parallel increase with endoscopic recurrence.Other microscopic findings showed no significant correlation with Rutgeerts scores or endoscopic recurrence(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The presence of neutrophilic cryptitis and crypt abscesses in resected intestinal specimens of CD patients increases the likelihood of endoscopic recurrence.Early postoperative medical treatment and close endoscopic follow-up may benefit high-risk patients to prevent recurrence,with treatment decisions made by a weekly multidisciplinary council involving General Surgery,Gastroenterology,and Radiology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12375194,12341504,12375197,12025502)。
文摘Reconstructing the trajectories of charged particles in high-energy physics experiments is a complex task,particularly for long-lived particles.At the future Super Tau-Charm Facility(STCF),such particles are expected to appear in several key benchmark physics processes.A Common Tracking Software was used to reconstruct the trajectories of long-lived particles,revealing that the track-finding performance of the widely used combinatorial Kalman filter is limited by its seeding algorithm.This limitation can be mitigated by guiding the combinatorial Kalman filter using initial tracks provided by the Hough transform.The track-finding performance of the combined Hough transform and combinatorial Kalman filter was evaluated using the process J∕ψ→Λ(→pπ−)Λ(→pπ+)at STCF.
文摘AIM:To analyze the ocular findings of patients who received lifelong leptin therapy due to congenital leptin deficiency(CLD),an extremely rare condition.METHODS:A prospective,cross-sectional comparative study was performed on six patients with CLD and 13 healthy age-and sex-matched controls.The central corneal thickness(CCT),anterior chamber depth(ACD),axial length(AL),keratometry(K1,K2),optical coherence tomography(OCT),and OCT angiography parameters were compared between the leptin and control groups at the baseline visit.The change in these measurements in leptin patients over a two-year period was analyzed.RESULTS:CLD patients had lower mean AL,ACD,and CCT(P≤0.012 for all).Mean K1,K2(P≤0.047 for both),choroidal thickness(P≤0.001),and central ganglion cell layer(GCL)thickness(P=0.029)were higher in the leptin group.Perifoveal superficial capillary plexus(SCP)density was decreased in all quadrants except the temporal region(P<0.05),and parafoveal deep capillary plexus(DCP)density was decreased in the superior hemisphere,temporal quadrant(P≤0.036 for both)and nasal quadrant(P=0.048)in the leptin group.During the two-year follow-up,no changes in anterior and posterior segment measurements were observed in the leptin patients,except for subfoveal choroidal thickness(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:CLD patients exhibit structural alterations in both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye,including notable changes in retinal and choroidal vasculature.However,there is limited evidence concerning the influence of leptin therapy on the eye.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82160330the Science and Technology Program of the Health Commission of Jiangxi Province,No.2025110045+1 种基金the Ganzhou Science and Technology Planning Project,No.GZ2024YLJ016,No.GZ2024YLJ026,and No.GZ2024ZSF064the Ganzhou Health Commission Scientific Research Planning Project,No.GZWJW202402108.
文摘BACKGROUND Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma(MEITL)is an uncom-mon and highly aggressive form of lymphoma that represents less than 1%of all non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas.At present,few reports have focused on the imaging findings of MEITL,which poses significant challenges for clinical diagnosis.A 78-year-old female with recurrent vomiting and abdominal distension was admitted to our hospital.Magnetic resonance and^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography(^(18)F-FDG PET/CT)examinations revealed multiple segmental malignant tumors in the small intestine with me-senteric lymph node metastasis.An endoscopic biopsy revealed MEITL.After three cycles of reduced-dose cyclophosphamide,vinorelbine,and prednisone che-motherapy,follow-up^(18)F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated a partial response to treatment.The patient was still alive after 6 months of follow-up.CONCLUSION Magnetic resonance imaging serves as a valuable tool in detecting malignant tumor lesions of MEITL,whereas^(18)F-FDG PET/CT offers additional assistance in tumor staging and assessing treatment efficacy.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 11th Five Year Plan Period(No.2008BAJ11B01)
文摘A solution to compute the optimal path based on a single-line-single-directional（SLSD）road network model is proposed.Unlike the traditional road network model,in the SLSD conceptual model,being single-directional and single-line style,a road is no longer a linkage of road nodes but abstracted as a network node.Similarly,a road node is abstracted as the linkage of two ordered single-directional roads.This model can describe turn restrictions,circular roads,and other real scenarios usually described using a super-graph.Then a computing framework for optimal path finding（OPF）is presented.It is proved that classical Dijkstra and A algorithms can be directly used for OPF computing of any real-world road networks by transferring a super-graph to an SLSD network.Finally,using Singapore road network data,the proposed conceptual model and its corresponding optimal path finding algorithms are validated using a two-step optimal path finding algorithm with a pre-computing strategy based on the SLSD road network.
基金Supported by A Grant from the National Center for Global Health and Medicine
文摘AIM:To validate the usefulness of screening endoscopy findings for predictingHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection status. METHODS:H. pylori infection status was determined by histology, serology, and the urea breast test in 77 consecutive patients who underwent upper endoscopy. Based on the findings, patients were categorized as H. pylori -uninfected, -infected, or -eradicated cases. Using six photos of certain sites in the stomach per case, we determined the presence or absence of the following endoscopic findings:regular arrangement of collecting venules (RAC), linear erythema, hemorrhage, fundic gland polyp (FGP), atrophic change, rugal hyperplasia, edema, spotty erythema, exudate, xanthoma, and mottled patchy erythema (MPE). The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and inter-observer agreement (Kappa value) for these 11 endoscopic findings used in the determination of H. pylori infection status were calculated. RESULTS:Of the 77 patients [32 men and 45 women; mean age (SD), 39.7 (13.4) years] assessed, 28 were H. pylori uninfected, 28 were infected, and 21 were eradicated. DOR values were significantly high (< 0.05) for the following H. pylori cases:uninfected cases with RAC (11.5), linear erythema (24.5), hemorrhage (4.1), and FGP (34.5); for infected cases with atrophic change (8.67), rugal hyperplasia (15.8), edema (14.2), spotty erythema (11.5), and exudate (3.52); and for eradicated cases with atrophic change (32.4) and MPE (103.0). Kappa values were excellent for FGP (0.93), good for RAC (0.63), hemorrhage (0.79), atrophic change (0.74), and MPE (0.75), moderate for linear erythema (0.51), rugal hyperplasia (0.49), edema (0.58), spotty erythema (0.47), and exudate (0.46), and poor for xanthoma (0.19). CONCLUSION:The endoscopic findings of RAC, hemorrhage, FGP, atrophic change, and MPE will be useful for predicting H. pylori infection status.
文摘AIM: To investigate the prevalence and implications of unusual histopathological findings in appendectomy specimens from patients with suspected acute appendicitis. METHODS: The demographic and histopathological data of 1621 patients (≥ 16 years-old) who underwent appendectomy to treat an initial diagnosis of acute appendicitis between January 1999 and November 2011 were retrospectively assessed. Microscopic findings were used to classify the patients under six categories: appendix vermiformis, phlegmonous appendicitis, gan- grenous appendicitis, perforated appendicitis, supurative appendicitis, and unusual histopathologic findings. The demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with unusual histopathologic findings were evaluated in detail, and re-analysis of archived resected appendix specimens was carried out. RESULTS: A total of 912 males and 709 females, from16 to 94 years old, were included in the study and comprised 789 cases of suppurative appendicitis, 370 cases of appendix vermiformis, 243 cases of perforated gangrenous appendicitis, 53 cases of flegmaneous appendicitis, 32 cases of gangrenous appendicitis, and 134 (8.3%) cases of unusual histopathological findings. The unusual histopathological findings included fibrous obliteration (n = 62), enterobius vermicularis (n = 31), eosinophilic infiltration (n = 10), mucinous cystadenoma (n = 8), carcinoid tumor (n = 6), granulomatous inflammation (n = 5), adenocarcinoma (n = 4; one of them mucinous), and mucocele (n = 3), adenomatous polyp (n = 1), taenia sup (n = 1), ascaris lumbricoides (n = 1), appendiceal diverticula (n = 1), and B cell non-hodgkin lymphoma (n = 1). None of the 11 patients with subsequent diagnosis of tumor were suspected of cancer prior to the appendectomy. CONCLUSION: Even when the macroscopic appearance of appendectomy specimens is normal, histopathological assessment will allow early diagnosis of many unusual diseases.
基金supported by the China Geological Survey (No.1212010011810)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U0833601)the Key Laboratory Open Foundation of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(No.ZS1113)
文摘Wide distribution of Cambrian salt-bearing basins is a prominent feature of older strata in Asia. The Cambrian salt-bearing sequences are mainly distributed in East Siberia of Russia, Iran, Oman, India, Pakistan, and China. The Cambrian was one of the most important epochs of potash deposition in the world. Potash salts are found in East Siberia, Iran, India, and Pakistan, and, among them, one of the largest potash deposits in the world-the Siberian Nepa Potash Basin-formed in the Early Cambrian. The Cambrian was also one of the most important epochs of rock gypsum and salt deposition in China. Gypsum deposits occur in all the three major continental blocks of China （Yangtze Block, North China Block, and Tarim Block）, forming four large marine salt-bearing basins. Extensive, thick rock salt deposits have been found in the Yangtze Block and Tarim Block, where better potashbearing hydrochemical manifestations and leaching coefficient anomalies have been found for the first time. In the North China Block, a number of gypsum deposits and occurrences have been observed and Cambrian high-salinity brine and halite crystals found in oil wells. This study for the first time relatively completely analyzes the distribution and tempo-spatial evolution of Cambrian gypsum and salt-bearing basins in China, which provide an important basis for the study of the history of Cambrian paleogeographic evolution over the globe and salt and potash exploration in Cambrian salt-bearing basins of China.
文摘Objective:To determine Blastocystis frequency and subtypes(ST) in ulcerative colitis(UC) patients and analyse some laboratory findings between Blastocystis positive and negative cases.Methods:Faecal samples from 150 UC patients in Adnan Menderes University,Training and Research Hospital were examined by direct microscopy and cultivated in Jones medium.Blastocystis positive cultures were subjected to DNA isolation and subtypes were identified by sequencing of barcode region.A retrospective analysis was conducted on C reactive protein(CRP),leukocyte counts(WBC),neutrophil counts,and sedimentation rates.Results:The overall positive rate of Blastocystis was 8%(12 patients) and the most abundant subtype was ST3(eight isolates,66.7%),followed by ST1,ST2 and ST7.Laboratory findings between Blastocystis infected and non-infected UC patients were not significantly different.Blastocystisfrequency was 3.8% among the patients in active stage,while it was 11.8% among the patients in remission stage.Conclusions:The present study confirms previous findings that have indicated the predominance of Blastocystis ST3 in humans and contributes additional evidence that suggests the low colonization of Blastocystis infection in ulcerative colitis patients during active stage.
文摘The academic world is still uncertain about the classification of Taisui. It is debating whether Taisui is living or not, myxomycete complex or fungi. The passage studies the 228 finding reports of Taisui in modern China. It confirms that the first finding time of Taisui in modern China is 1963, and the first reported time is 1992. Taisui has been found in 25 administrative divisions. Taisui occurs the most times in Shandong Province. Besides, provinces where Taisui has been found most times are in northern China. Finding locations of Taisui vary from place to place. Taisui is most often found in normal earth layer, with different burying depth. Taisui is mainly found through seeing, tramping, and digging. Taisui findings lack subjective motivations and are connected with the life and production of the finders. Conclusion: Taisui is an object growing in earth layer.
文摘AIM:To characterize the histopathologic specifications of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)according to age and gender.METHODS:An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in two private gastroenterology clinics on biopsy proven patients suffering from NASH.Biopsy histopathologic findings as well as demographic and laboratory data of the patients at the time of biopsy were gathered retrospectively from clinical records.The grading and staging of histopathologic findings were performed according to the Brunt method after reevaluation of the slides by a pathologist.Patients were divided into two groups according to age(belowand above 55 years).Mean quantitative grade of all pathologic findings were also calculated according to Brunt scoring values.RESULTS:A total number of 77 NASH patients,consisting of 58 males(75.3%)and 19(24.7%)females with a mean age of 41.99±11.80 years(range,18-70 years),were enrolled.The mean age(48.72±13.99 years vs 39.74±10.16 years,P=0.004)and aspartate aminotransferase level(75.11±29.68 U/L vs 52.78± 25.00 U/L,P=0.002)was significantly higher in female patients.Mean quantitative grade of hepatosteatosis was significantly higher in females(2.00±0.82 vs 1.59 ±0.68,P=0.031)compared to males.Fifty four percent(34/65)of young patients had mild hepatosteatosis (GradeⅠ)while only one patient(11.2%)in the older group had gradeⅠhepatosteatosis.Patients aged≥55 had significantly more severe hepatosteatosis(GradeⅢ) (44.4%vs 9.5%,P=0.007)and the mean quantitative grade of hepatosteatosis was significantly higher among them(2.33±0.71 vs 1.56±0.67,P=0.002).Multivariate analysis after omitting the confounding role of age revealed a higher grade of hepatosteatosis in female patients(P=0.010).CONCLUSION:These findings point toward the possible influence of age in the severity of steatohepatitis,portal and lobar inflammation in patients suffering from NASH while gender independently might contribute to the level of steatohepatitis.
文摘A method of improving the accuracy of laser pulse range finding from ±10 m to ±1 m inexpensively by means of time scale up is described. Time scale up can stretch the entire flight time by a factor of 1 000 and then the stretched result is counted to calculate the distance. The use of this technique decreases the resolution of counting from nanosecond to microsecond, therefore a separate counting oscillator followed by an interpolation operation is unnecessary. This technique can improve the accuracy of laser pulse range finding inexpensively and effectively.
基金This study was funded by the Medical Research Council(MC_UU_00011/6,MC_UU_00011/1).
文摘Introduction In their article entitled‘Investigating genetic causal relationships between blood pressure and anxiety,depressive symptoms,neuroticism and subjective well-being’,Cai and colleagues1 presented the results of a two-sample Mendelian randomisation2(MR)study examining associations between blood pressure traits(systolic,diastolic,hypertension and pulse pressure)and psychological traits(anxiety,depression,neuroticism and subjective well-being).After correction for multiple testing.
基金Supported by Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants for research on intractable diseases from Ministry of Health,Labour and Welfare of Japan,in part
文摘A 39-year-old patient with Crohn's disease (CD) was referred to our hospital for maintenance treatment of CD.He was diagnosed as having CD of the small and large intestines at 32 years old.He underwent partial resection of the ileum at 35 years old because of ileal perforation.He had received enteral nutritional supplement (1200 kcal/d) and metronidazole preparation (500 mg/d),and was in remission Crohn's disease activity index 73.We performed a routine gastroduodenal endoscopic examination,which revealed the representative endoscopic findings of gastroduodenal lesions in CD,namely,bamboo-joint-like appearance of the gastric body and cardia and a notched sign in the duodenum.These findings were clearly observed by using indigo carmine dye spraying.In our patient,typical gastroduodenal findings were observed even in the remission stage,suggesting that these findings would contribute to the early diagnosis of CD not only in the active stage but also during remission.
文摘AIM: To investigate whether congenital lumbar spinal stenosis(CLSS) is associated with a specific degenerative changes of the lumbar spine. METHODS: The lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging studies of 52 subjects with CLSS and 48 control subjects were retrospectively evaluated. In each examination, the five lumbar levels were assessed for the presence or absence of circumferential or shallow annular bulges, annular tears, anterior or posterior disc herniations, epidural lipomatosis, Schmorl's nodes,spondylolisthesis, pars defects, and stress reactions of the posterior vertebral elements. RESULTS: Compared to control individuals, subjects with CLSS exhibited increased incidence of circumferential and shallow annular bulges, annular tears, discherniations and spondylolisthesis(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CLSS is associated with increased incidence of degenerative changes in specific osseous and soft-tissue elements of the lumbar spine.
文摘Inflammatory fibroid polyp(IFP) is a rare benign lesion of the gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of computed tomography(CT) imaging finding of a gastric IFP with massive fibrosis. CT scans showed thickening of submucosal layer with overlying mucosal hyperenhancement in the gastric antrum. The submucosal layer showed increased enhancement on delayed phase imaging. An antrectomy with gastroduodenostomy was performed because gastric cancer was suspected, particularly signet ring cell carcinoma. The histopathological diagnosis was an IFP with massive fibrosis. The authors suggest that when the submucosal layer of the gastric wall is markedly thickened with delayed enhancement and preservation of the mucosal layer, an IFP with massive fibrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61102106)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (HEUCF1208 HEUCF100801)
文摘The existing direction of arrival （DOA） estimation algorithms based on the electromagnetic vector sensors array barely deal with the coexisting of independent and coherent signals. A two-dimensional direction finding method using an L-shape electromagnetic vector sensors array is proposed. According to this method, the DOAs of the independent signals and the coherent signals are estimated separately, so that the array aperture can be exploited sufficiently. Firstly, the DOAs of the independent signals are estimated by the estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques, and the influence of the co- herent signals can be eliminated by utilizing the property of the coherent signals. Then the data covariance matrix containing the information of the coherent signals only is obtained by exploiting the Toeplitz property of the independent signals, and an improved polarimetric angular smoothing technique is proposed to de-correlate the coherent signals. This new method is more practical in actual signal environment than common DOA estimation algorithms and can expand the array aperture. Simulation results are presented to show the estimating performance of the proposed method.
文摘Objective: Primary lymphoma of bone (PLB) is a rare malignant bone tumor often presenting in the fifth-sixth decades involving appendicular long bones. Published radiological findings indicate that PLB typically presents as a moth-eaten osteolytic lesion with periosteal reaction, while MRI commonly demonstrates marrow infiltration with extraosseous extension. Given rarity and variable appearances, PLB may not be primarily considered prior to biopsy. Our objective was to evaluate preoperative imaging findings in effort to increase awareness and improve a perceived deficiency in preoperative diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Following IRB approval, retrospective review identified 60 patients with newly diagnosed bone lesions proven to represent PLB in accordance with WHO definition. Preoperative radiographs (n = 46), MRI (n = 33) and PET (n = 37) were independently reviewed by two radiologists. At radiography, lesions were classified: purely lytic, mixed, purely sclerotic, or occult;lytic lesions were graded utilizing Lodwick’s classification. At MRI, lesions were defined as focal or infiltrative and the presence or absence of extraosseous disease was recorded. Extraosseous masses were defined as small (1 cm) and subjectively correlated with degree of cortical destruction. At PET, lesions were recorded as FDG-avid or not. Primary radiograph reports when available (n = 33) were reviewed and exact wording of differential considerations was recorded. Results: Radiographs demonstrated mixed (n = 22), lytic (n = 15), and sclerotic (n = 8) appearances;one radiographically occult lesion was seen by MRI. Lytic lesions were graded: IB (n = 3), IC (n = 5), II (n = 4), and III (n = 3);none were IA. At MRI, 30 lesions were infiltrative and 3 were focal;11 were not associated with extraosseous extension, while 22 showed bony disease with small (n = 7) or large (n = 15) soft tissue mass. Of large masses, 13 demonstrated minimal cortical destruction. At PET, 36 demonstrated FDG uptake;one study was technically limited. Review of reports found that only 5 included “lymphoma” as a diagnostic consideration. Conclusion: Contrary to most published data, we suggest that PLB typically demonstrates some degree of osteosclerosis, often a mixed pattern of sclerosis and lucency;purely lytic lesions may be less common. Similar to existing reports, MRI commonly demonstrates marrow infiltration with extraosseous extension of disease, typically a large soft tissue mass with disproportionate (minimal) cortical destruction. Familiarity with these findings should improve preoperative consideration of PLB in the appropriate clinical scenario when a new osteoblastic lesion is identified.
