The fatigue resistance of casting polyurethane(CPU)is crucial in various sectors,such as construction,healthcare,and the automotive industry.Despite its importance,no studies have reported on the fatigue threshold of ...The fatigue resistance of casting polyurethane(CPU)is crucial in various sectors,such as construction,healthcare,and the automotive industry.Despite its importance,no studies have reported on the fatigue threshold of CPU.This study employed an advanced Intrinsic Strength Analyzer(ISA)to evaluate the fatigue threshold of CPUs,systematically exploring the effects of three types of isocyanates(PPDI,NDI,TDI)that contribute to hard segment structures based on the cutting method.Employing multiple advanced characterization techniques(XRD,TEM,DSC,AFM),the results indicate that PPDI-based polyurethane exhibits the highest fatigue threshold(182.89 J/m^(2))due to a highest phase separation and a densely packed spherulitic structure,although the hydrogen bonding degree is the lowest(48.3%).Conversely,NDI-based polyurethane,despite having the high hydrogen bonding degree(53.6%),exhibits moderate fatigue performance(122.52 J/m^(2)),likely due to a more scattered microstructure.TDI-based polyurethane,with the highest hydrogen bonding degree(59.1%)but absence of spherulitic structure,shows the lowest fatigue threshold(46.43 J/m^(2)).Compared to common rubbers(NR,NBR,EPDM,BR),the superior fatigue performance of CPU is attributed to its well-organized microstructure,polyurethane possesses a higher fatigue threshold due to its high phase separation degree and orderly and dense spherulitic structure which enhances energy dissipation and reduces crack propagation.展开更多
Polyester-based biodegradable polyurethane （PU） with different hard segment ratios was selected to modify the impact toughness of poly（L-lactide） （PLLA）. The influence of blending composition and hard segment ra...Polyester-based biodegradable polyurethane （PU） with different hard segment ratios was selected to modify the impact toughness of poly（L-lactide） （PLLA）. The influence of blending composition and hard segment ratio of PU on the phase morphology, crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of PLLA/PU blends has been investigated systematically. The results showed that the PU particles were uniformly dispersed in PLLA matrix at a scale from sub- microns to several microns. The glass transition temperature of PU within these blends decreased compared to that of neat PU, but rose slightly with its content and hard segment ratio. The presence of PU retarded the crystallization ability of PLLA, whereas enhanced its elongation at break and impact resistance effectively. As the PU content reaches up to 30 wt%, the phenomenon of brittle-ductile transition occurred, resulting in a rougher fracture surface with the formation of fibril-like structure. Moreover, under the same concentrations, the elongation at break and impact strength of PLLA blends decreased slightly with the increase of hard segment ratio of PU.展开更多
Three model polyurethane hard segments based on dimethylol butanoic acid (DMBA) and 1,6-hexane diisocyanate (HDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) were prepared by the soluti...Three model polyurethane hard segments based on dimethylol butanoic acid (DMBA) and 1,6-hexane diisocyanate (HDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) were prepared by the solution method. Fourier Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to study the H-bonds in these model polyurethanes. The model polyurethane hard segment prepared from HDI and 1,4-butanodiol (BDO) was used for comparison. It was found that the incorporation of the pendent carboxyl through DMBA into the model hard segments weakens the original NH…O = C H-bond but gives more H-bond patterns based on the two H-bond donors, urethane NH and carboxylic OH. The carboxylic dimer is one of the main H-bond types and is stronger than another main H-bond type NH…O=C. In addition, the H-bond in aromatic model hard segments is stronger than that of aliphatic hard segments. The appearance of the free C=O and the fact that almost all N—H is H-bonded suggest that there possibly exist either the third H-bond acceptor or the H-bond formed by one acceptor with two donors.展开更多
The thermally stimulated shape memory behavior of ethylene oxide-butylene terephthalate (EOBT) segmented copolymers with different soft segment molecular weight and hard segment content was investigated. The deformati...The thermally stimulated shape memory behavior of ethylene oxide-butylene terephthalate (EOBT) segmented copolymers with different soft segment molecular weight and hard segment content was investigated. The deformation recovery ratio R-f of the EOBT samples increases with the soft segment molecular weight and the hard segment weight content, while the average overall deformation recovery speed V-r increases with the hard segment content. The temperature of maximum deformation recovery speed (T-M) is determined by the melting temperature of the soft segment crystals and the stability of the crystallized hard segment domains.展开更多
· AIM: To describe a new surgical technique for managing dislocated sclerotic cataractous lens.· METHODS: Six patients with advanced posteriorly dislocated cataracts were operated at a tertiary care centre a...· AIM: To describe a new surgical technique for managing dislocated sclerotic cataractous lens.· METHODS: Six patients with advanced posteriorly dislocated cataracts were operated at a tertiary care centre and analyzed retrospectively. After standard 3 port23 G pars plana vitrectomy and perfluorocarbon liquid(PFCL) injection, the dislocated white cataract was held with occlusion using phaco fragmatome and then chopped into smaller pieces with a sharp tipped chopper using 25 G chandelier endoilluminator. Each piece was emulsified individually. Following aspiration of PFCL,Fluid Air Exchange was done in all the cases and surgery completed uneventfully.·RESULTS: Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) in all the patients was better than 6/12 after one month of follow up. No serious complications were noted till minimum 6mo of follow up.·CONCLUSION: Four port posterior segment nucleotomy with a chandelier endoilluminator, fragmatome and a chopper appears to be a safe, easy and effective procedure for managing dislocated sclerotic cataractous nuclei. Ultrasonic energy used and adverse thermal effects of the fragmatome on the sclera may be lesser.展开更多
针对柑橘罐头生产中橘瓣外观检测的速度和精度低的问题,以及主流检测模型的参数量较高问题,提出一种轻量化橘瓣外观检测模型,即YOLOv7-VSS。首先,该模型引入利用Hard-Swish激活函数改进后的EfficientViT网络作为主干网络,通过输入不同...针对柑橘罐头生产中橘瓣外观检测的速度和精度低的问题,以及主流检测模型的参数量较高问题,提出一种轻量化橘瓣外观检测模型,即YOLOv7-VSS。首先,该模型引入利用Hard-Swish激活函数改进后的EfficientViT网络作为主干网络,通过输入不同层次的特征减少不同检测头的映射相似度,缓解冗余计算,并通过级联组注意力机制增强网络的特征提取能力;其次,引入一种slim-neck模块,融合标准卷积和深度可分离卷积的特性,减小模型的规模,同时保持高精度;然后,为进一步缩小模型体积并加快推理速度,将SPPCSPC替换为SPPF结构;最后,为符合数据集中橘瓣的位置特点,使用MPDIoU损失函数来提升预测框的回归精度。实验结果表明,所提出的橘瓣外观检测模型的大小相比于YOLOv7减小了63.81%,检测精度达到了96.57%;同时,经过在Jetson Orin Nano上部署测试,模型大小和检测精度的平衡性相较于同类型的方法有较大提升,可满足柑橘罐头生产线的要求。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52473228).
文摘The fatigue resistance of casting polyurethane(CPU)is crucial in various sectors,such as construction,healthcare,and the automotive industry.Despite its importance,no studies have reported on the fatigue threshold of CPU.This study employed an advanced Intrinsic Strength Analyzer(ISA)to evaluate the fatigue threshold of CPUs,systematically exploring the effects of three types of isocyanates(PPDI,NDI,TDI)that contribute to hard segment structures based on the cutting method.Employing multiple advanced characterization techniques(XRD,TEM,DSC,AFM),the results indicate that PPDI-based polyurethane exhibits the highest fatigue threshold(182.89 J/m^(2))due to a highest phase separation and a densely packed spherulitic structure,although the hydrogen bonding degree is the lowest(48.3%).Conversely,NDI-based polyurethane,despite having the high hydrogen bonding degree(53.6%),exhibits moderate fatigue performance(122.52 J/m^(2)),likely due to a more scattered microstructure.TDI-based polyurethane,with the highest hydrogen bonding degree(59.1%)but absence of spherulitic structure,shows the lowest fatigue threshold(46.43 J/m^(2)).Compared to common rubbers(NR,NBR,EPDM,BR),the superior fatigue performance of CPU is attributed to its well-organized microstructure,polyurethane possesses a higher fatigue threshold due to its high phase separation degree and orderly and dense spherulitic structure which enhances energy dissipation and reduces crack propagation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51403210)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2014M550801)President Fund of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y35102CN00)
文摘Polyester-based biodegradable polyurethane （PU） with different hard segment ratios was selected to modify the impact toughness of poly（L-lactide） （PLLA）. The influence of blending composition and hard segment ratio of PU on the phase morphology, crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of PLLA/PU blends has been investigated systematically. The results showed that the PU particles were uniformly dispersed in PLLA matrix at a scale from sub- microns to several microns. The glass transition temperature of PU within these blends decreased compared to that of neat PU, but rose slightly with its content and hard segment ratio. The presence of PU retarded the crystallization ability of PLLA, whereas enhanced its elongation at break and impact resistance effectively. As the PU content reaches up to 30 wt%, the phenomenon of brittle-ductile transition occurred, resulting in a rougher fracture surface with the formation of fibril-like structure. Moreover, under the same concentrations, the elongation at break and impact strength of PLLA blends decreased slightly with the increase of hard segment ratio of PU.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (004030600)
文摘Three model polyurethane hard segments based on dimethylol butanoic acid (DMBA) and 1,6-hexane diisocyanate (HDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) were prepared by the solution method. Fourier Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to study the H-bonds in these model polyurethanes. The model polyurethane hard segment prepared from HDI and 1,4-butanodiol (BDO) was used for comparison. It was found that the incorporation of the pendent carboxyl through DMBA into the model hard segments weakens the original NH…O = C H-bond but gives more H-bond patterns based on the two H-bond donors, urethane NH and carboxylic OH. The carboxylic dimer is one of the main H-bond types and is stronger than another main H-bond type NH…O=C. In addition, the H-bond in aromatic model hard segments is stronger than that of aliphatic hard segments. The appearance of the free C=O and the fact that almost all N—H is H-bonded suggest that there possibly exist either the third H-bond acceptor or the H-bond formed by one acceptor with two donors.
文摘The thermally stimulated shape memory behavior of ethylene oxide-butylene terephthalate (EOBT) segmented copolymers with different soft segment molecular weight and hard segment content was investigated. The deformation recovery ratio R-f of the EOBT samples increases with the soft segment molecular weight and the hard segment weight content, while the average overall deformation recovery speed V-r increases with the hard segment content. The temperature of maximum deformation recovery speed (T-M) is determined by the melting temperature of the soft segment crystals and the stability of the crystallized hard segment domains.
文摘· AIM: To describe a new surgical technique for managing dislocated sclerotic cataractous lens.· METHODS: Six patients with advanced posteriorly dislocated cataracts were operated at a tertiary care centre and analyzed retrospectively. After standard 3 port23 G pars plana vitrectomy and perfluorocarbon liquid(PFCL) injection, the dislocated white cataract was held with occlusion using phaco fragmatome and then chopped into smaller pieces with a sharp tipped chopper using 25 G chandelier endoilluminator. Each piece was emulsified individually. Following aspiration of PFCL,Fluid Air Exchange was done in all the cases and surgery completed uneventfully.·RESULTS: Best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) in all the patients was better than 6/12 after one month of follow up. No serious complications were noted till minimum 6mo of follow up.·CONCLUSION: Four port posterior segment nucleotomy with a chandelier endoilluminator, fragmatome and a chopper appears to be a safe, easy and effective procedure for managing dislocated sclerotic cataractous nuclei. Ultrasonic energy used and adverse thermal effects of the fragmatome on the sclera may be lesser.
文摘针对柑橘罐头生产中橘瓣外观检测的速度和精度低的问题,以及主流检测模型的参数量较高问题,提出一种轻量化橘瓣外观检测模型,即YOLOv7-VSS。首先,该模型引入利用Hard-Swish激活函数改进后的EfficientViT网络作为主干网络,通过输入不同层次的特征减少不同检测头的映射相似度,缓解冗余计算,并通过级联组注意力机制增强网络的特征提取能力;其次,引入一种slim-neck模块,融合标准卷积和深度可分离卷积的特性,减小模型的规模,同时保持高精度;然后,为进一步缩小模型体积并加快推理速度,将SPPCSPC替换为SPPF结构;最后,为符合数据集中橘瓣的位置特点,使用MPDIoU损失函数来提升预测框的回归精度。实验结果表明,所提出的橘瓣外观检测模型的大小相比于YOLOv7减小了63.81%,检测精度达到了96.57%;同时,经过在Jetson Orin Nano上部署测试,模型大小和检测精度的平衡性相较于同类型的方法有较大提升,可满足柑橘罐头生产线的要求。
