Groundwater is a vital component of the hydrological cycle and essential for the sustainable development of ecosystems.Numerical simulation methods are key tools for addressing scientific challenges in groundwater res...Groundwater is a vital component of the hydrological cycle and essential for the sustainable development of ecosystems.Numerical simulation methods are key tools for addressing scientific challenges in groundwater research.This study uses bibliometric visualization analysis to examine the progress and trends in groundwater numerical simulation methods.By analyzing literature indexed in the Web of Science database from January 1990 to February 2023,and employing tools such as Citespace and VOSviewer,we assessed publication volume,research institutions and their collaborations,prolific scholars,keyword clustering,and emerging trends.The findings indicate an overall upward trend in both the number of publications and citations concerning groundwater numerical simulations.Since 2010,the number of publications has tripled compared to the total before 2010,underscoring the increasing significance and potential of numerical simulation methods in groundwater science.China,in particular,has shown remarkable growth in this field over the past decade,surpassing the United States,Canada,and Germany.This progress is closely linked to strong national support and active participation from research institutions,especially the contributions from teams at Hohai University,China University of Geosciences,and the University of Science and Technology of China.Collaboration between research teams is primarily seen between China and the United States,with less noticeable cooperation among other countries,resulting in a diverse and dispersed development pattern.Keyword analysis highlights that international research hotspots include groundwater recharge,karst water,geothermal water migration,seawater intrusion,variable density flow,contaminant and solute transport,pollution remediation,and land subsidence.Looking ahead,groundwater numerical simulations are expected to play a more prominent role in areas such as climate change,surface water-groundwater interactions,the impact of groundwater nitrates on the environment and health,submarine groundwater discharge,ecological water use,groundwater management,and risk prevention.展开更多
The groundwater table has been declining at a rate of 0.65 m/yr in Luancheng County since large scale groundwater extraction carried out in the 1960s. The drop of precipitation, substantial increase in agricultural ou...The groundwater table has been declining at a rate of 0.65 m/yr in Luancheng County since large scale groundwater extraction carried out in the 1960s. The drop of precipitation, substantial increase in agricultural output, variations of crop planting structure and construction of water conservancy projects in the headwater area all tie up with the decline of the groundwater table. On the basis of analyzing the hydrogeological conditions and the water resources utilization of Luancheng County, a three-dimensional groundwater flow model was developed to simulate the county抯 groundwater flow through finite-difference method using Visual Modflow software. We divide the research field into four parts after analyzing the hydrogeological condition. Based on parameter calibration and adjustment using measured data, the hydraulic conductivity and specific yield were simulated. Using the calibrated model, we analyze the agricultural water saving potentiality and its influence on the groundwater. The results are as follows: (1) if we decrease the amount of water extracted by 0.14×108 m3, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will rise by 0.33 m; (2) if we decrease the water by 0.29×108 m3, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will rise by 0.64 m; and (3) if we increase the water by 0.29×108 m3, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will decline by 0.45 m. So we can draw a conclusion that controlling the agricultural water use is an important way to prevent the decline of groundwater table.展开更多
Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. （Fabaceae） is a spiny, perennial herb. The species grows in the salinized, arid regions in North China. This study investigated the response characteristics of the root growth and the dis- t...Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. （Fabaceae） is a spiny, perennial herb. The species grows in the salinized, arid regions in North China. This study investigated the response characteristics of the root growth and the dis- tribution of one-year-old A. sparsifolia seedlings to different groundwater depths in controlled plots. The eco- logical adaptability of the root systems of A. sparsifolia seedlings was examined using the artificial digging method. Results showed that： （1） A. sparsifolia seedlings adapted to an increase in groundwater depth mainly through increasing the penetration depth and growth rate of vertical roots. The vertical roots grew rapidly when soil moisture content reached 3%-9%, but slowly when soil moisture content was 13%-20%. The vertical roots stopped growing when soil moisture content reached 30% （the critical soil moisture point）. （2） The morphological plasticity of roots is an important strategy used by A. sparsifolia seedlings to obtain water and adapt to dry soil conditions. When the groundwater table was shallow, horizontal roots quickly expanded and tillering increased in order to compete for light resources, whereas when the groundwater table was deeper, vertical roots developed quickly to exploit space in the deeper soil layers. （3） The decrease in groundwater depth was probably respon- sible for the root distribution in the shallow soil layers. Root biomass and surface area both decreased with soil depth. One strategy of A. sparsifolia seedlings in dealing with the increase in groundwater depth is to increase root biomass in the deep soil layers. The relationship between the root growth/distribution of A. sparsifolia and the depth of groundwater table can be used as guidance for harvesting A. sparsifolia biomass and managing water resources for forage grasses. It is also of ecological significance as it reveals how desert plants adapt to arid environments.展开更多
Although the recent concept of Integrated Water Resources Management(IWRM)is continuously searching for modern operational approaches to be implemented in practice,the Decision Support Systems(DSSs)have been considere...Although the recent concept of Integrated Water Resources Management(IWRM)is continuously searching for modern operational approaches to be implemented in practice,the Decision Support Systems(DSSs)have been considered a major effective tool for supporting IWRM.According to the weaknesses and limitations in the current DSSs,this paper presents a new DSS development strategy based on an architecture design including higher levels of competitive advantages in system flexibility,product maintenance,and user acceptance.Instead of producing a DSS as a stand-alone product limited to realtime monitoring,the selected approach presents a design for a real-time DSS service setup with a multilayered user interface and a multimodular modeling system.The methodology has been used and implemented over the Var catchment(2800 km^(2))and has been validated with an operational application.The designed DSS is currently used by the local management authorities with a high level of user satisfaction with monitoring and forecast services.The obtained result underlines the promising applicability of the proposed approach for other DSSs addressing utilities.展开更多
In a multi-barrier system of geological disposal for high-level radioactive waste(HLW),it is considered that the disposal container is the first layer of protective barrier to HLW.Low carbon steel is considered as the...In a multi-barrier system of geological disposal for high-level radioactive waste(HLW),it is considered that the disposal container is the first layer of protective barrier to HLW.Low carbon steel is considered as the most promising candidate material for geological disposal container given its mechanical performances and cost-effectiveness.In a long-term geological disposal process,corrosion resistance and corrosion evolution law of low carbon steel in a deep geological environment determine the service life of the disposal containers.Based on a large number of electrochemical corrosion experimental results in a simulated groundwater environment in Beishan,a candidate site for geological disposal of HLW in China,this paper reviews corrosion behavior of low carbon steel from the principles of chemical thermodynamics and kinetics respectively.The effects of environmental factors such as deaeration,aeration,chemical compositions of groundwater on the evolution of corrosion products with immersion time were explored,and the secondary effect of corrosion product on the change of corrosion mode was proposed.In addition,by evaluating corrosion rate as a function of exposure time duration and simulated environment,the feasibility of manufacturing the geological disposal container with low carbon steel was introduced.展开更多
基金supported by the Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,China Geological Survey"Coupling analysis of groundwater and land subsidence in typical cities of the North China Plain based on InSAR-GRACE technology"project under Grant No.KY202302the China Geological Survey"Research and promotion of digital water resources survey technology"project under Grant No.DD20230427the"Cloud platform geological survey node operation and maintenance and network security guarantee(Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology)"project under Grant No.DD20230719.
文摘Groundwater is a vital component of the hydrological cycle and essential for the sustainable development of ecosystems.Numerical simulation methods are key tools for addressing scientific challenges in groundwater research.This study uses bibliometric visualization analysis to examine the progress and trends in groundwater numerical simulation methods.By analyzing literature indexed in the Web of Science database from January 1990 to February 2023,and employing tools such as Citespace and VOSviewer,we assessed publication volume,research institutions and their collaborations,prolific scholars,keyword clustering,and emerging trends.The findings indicate an overall upward trend in both the number of publications and citations concerning groundwater numerical simulations.Since 2010,the number of publications has tripled compared to the total before 2010,underscoring the increasing significance and potential of numerical simulation methods in groundwater science.China,in particular,has shown remarkable growth in this field over the past decade,surpassing the United States,Canada,and Germany.This progress is closely linked to strong national support and active participation from research institutions,especially the contributions from teams at Hohai University,China University of Geosciences,and the University of Science and Technology of China.Collaboration between research teams is primarily seen between China and the United States,with less noticeable cooperation among other countries,resulting in a diverse and dispersed development pattern.Keyword analysis highlights that international research hotspots include groundwater recharge,karst water,geothermal water migration,seawater intrusion,variable density flow,contaminant and solute transport,pollution remediation,and land subsidence.Looking ahead,groundwater numerical simulations are expected to play a more prominent role in areas such as climate change,surface water-groundwater interactions,the impact of groundwater nitrates on the environment and health,submarine groundwater discharge,ecological water use,groundwater management,and risk prevention.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 4987102049801003 and 49890330-4-2The Scientific Department of Hebei Province No. 01220703D
文摘The groundwater table has been declining at a rate of 0.65 m/yr in Luancheng County since large scale groundwater extraction carried out in the 1960s. The drop of precipitation, substantial increase in agricultural output, variations of crop planting structure and construction of water conservancy projects in the headwater area all tie up with the decline of the groundwater table. On the basis of analyzing the hydrogeological conditions and the water resources utilization of Luancheng County, a three-dimensional groundwater flow model was developed to simulate the county抯 groundwater flow through finite-difference method using Visual Modflow software. We divide the research field into four parts after analyzing the hydrogeological condition. Based on parameter calibration and adjustment using measured data, the hydraulic conductivity and specific yield were simulated. Using the calibrated model, we analyze the agricultural water saving potentiality and its influence on the groundwater. The results are as follows: (1) if we decrease the amount of water extracted by 0.14×108 m3, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will rise by 0.33 m; (2) if we decrease the water by 0.29×108 m3, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will rise by 0.64 m; and (3) if we increase the water by 0.29×108 m3, the average groundwater table of the five observation wells in December will decline by 0.45 m. So we can draw a conclusion that controlling the agricultural water use is an important way to prevent the decline of groundwater table.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-EW-316)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31070477,30870471)the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XBBS201105)
文摘Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. （Fabaceae） is a spiny, perennial herb. The species grows in the salinized, arid regions in North China. This study investigated the response characteristics of the root growth and the dis- tribution of one-year-old A. sparsifolia seedlings to different groundwater depths in controlled plots. The eco- logical adaptability of the root systems of A. sparsifolia seedlings was examined using the artificial digging method. Results showed that： （1） A. sparsifolia seedlings adapted to an increase in groundwater depth mainly through increasing the penetration depth and growth rate of vertical roots. The vertical roots grew rapidly when soil moisture content reached 3%-9%, but slowly when soil moisture content was 13%-20%. The vertical roots stopped growing when soil moisture content reached 30% （the critical soil moisture point）. （2） The morphological plasticity of roots is an important strategy used by A. sparsifolia seedlings to obtain water and adapt to dry soil conditions. When the groundwater table was shallow, horizontal roots quickly expanded and tillering increased in order to compete for light resources, whereas when the groundwater table was deeper, vertical roots developed quickly to exploit space in the deeper soil layers. （3） The decrease in groundwater depth was probably respon- sible for the root distribution in the shallow soil layers. Root biomass and surface area both decreased with soil depth. One strategy of A. sparsifolia seedlings in dealing with the increase in groundwater depth is to increase root biomass in the deep soil layers. The relationship between the root growth/distribution of A. sparsifolia and the depth of groundwater table can be used as guidance for harvesting A. sparsifolia biomass and managing water resources for forage grasses. It is also of ecological significance as it reveals how desert plants adapt to arid environments.
基金The work benefited from the data provided by the Metropole Nice Côte d'Azur,Conseil Départemental des Alpes-Maritimes,Meteo France,and H2EAPart of this research is funded by the National Key Research Program(2019YFC1510603)the“Five talents”Plan of the China Insititute of Water Resource and Hydropower Research(WH0145B062022).
文摘Although the recent concept of Integrated Water Resources Management(IWRM)is continuously searching for modern operational approaches to be implemented in practice,the Decision Support Systems(DSSs)have been considered a major effective tool for supporting IWRM.According to the weaknesses and limitations in the current DSSs,this paper presents a new DSS development strategy based on an architecture design including higher levels of competitive advantages in system flexibility,product maintenance,and user acceptance.Instead of producing a DSS as a stand-alone product limited to realtime monitoring,the selected approach presents a design for a real-time DSS service setup with a multilayered user interface and a multimodular modeling system.The methodology has been used and implemented over the Var catchment(2800 km^(2))and has been validated with an operational application.The designed DSS is currently used by the local management authorities with a high level of user satisfaction with monitoring and forecast services.The obtained result underlines the promising applicability of the proposed approach for other DSSs addressing utilities.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1867216,51701222 and 51471175)
文摘In a multi-barrier system of geological disposal for high-level radioactive waste(HLW),it is considered that the disposal container is the first layer of protective barrier to HLW.Low carbon steel is considered as the most promising candidate material for geological disposal container given its mechanical performances and cost-effectiveness.In a long-term geological disposal process,corrosion resistance and corrosion evolution law of low carbon steel in a deep geological environment determine the service life of the disposal containers.Based on a large number of electrochemical corrosion experimental results in a simulated groundwater environment in Beishan,a candidate site for geological disposal of HLW in China,this paper reviews corrosion behavior of low carbon steel from the principles of chemical thermodynamics and kinetics respectively.The effects of environmental factors such as deaeration,aeration,chemical compositions of groundwater on the evolution of corrosion products with immersion time were explored,and the secondary effect of corrosion product on the change of corrosion mode was proposed.In addition,by evaluating corrosion rate as a function of exposure time duration and simulated environment,the feasibility of manufacturing the geological disposal container with low carbon steel was introduced.
