The development of electronic products and increased electronic waste have triggered a series of ecological problems on Earth.Meanwhile,amidst energy crises and the pursuit of carbon neutrality,the recycling of discar...The development of electronic products and increased electronic waste have triggered a series of ecological problems on Earth.Meanwhile,amidst energy crises and the pursuit of carbon neutrality,the recycling of discarded biomass has attracted the attention of many researchers.In recent years,the transformation of discarded biomass into value-added electronic products has emerged as a promising endeavor in the field of green and flexible electronics.In this review,the attempts and advancements in biomass conversion into flexible electronic materials and devices are systematically summarized.We focus on reviewing the research progress in biomass conversion into substrates,electrodes,and materials tailored for optical and thermal management.Furthermore,we explore component combinations suitable for applications in environmental monitoring and health management.Finally,we discuss the challenges in techniques and cost-effectiveness currently faced by biomass conversion into flexible electronic devices and propose improvement strategies.Drawing insights from both fundamental research and industrial applications,we offer prospects for future developments in this burgeoning field.展开更多
Power-conversion-efficiencies(PCEs)of organic solar cells(OSCs)in laboratory,normally processed by spin-coating technology with toxic halogenated solvents,have reached over 19%.However,there is usually a marked PCE dr...Power-conversion-efficiencies(PCEs)of organic solar cells(OSCs)in laboratory,normally processed by spin-coating technology with toxic halogenated solvents,have reached over 19%.However,there is usually a marked PCE drop when the bladecoating and/or green-solvents toward large-scale printing are used instead,which hampers the practical development of OSCs.Here,a new series of N-alkyl-tailored small molecule acceptors named YR-SeNF with a same molecular main backbone are developed by combining selenium-fused central-core and naphthalene-fused endgroup.Thanks to the N-alkyl engineering,NIR-absorbing YR-SeNF series show different crystallinity,packing patterns,and miscibility with polymeric donor.The studies exhibit that the molecular packing,crystallinity,and vertical distribution of active layer morphologies are well optimized by introducing newly designed vip acceptor associated with tailored N-alkyl chains,providing the improved charge transfer dynamics and stability for the PM6:L8-BO:YRSeNF-based OSCs.As a result,a record-high PCE approaching 19%is achieved in the blade-coating OSCs fabricated from a greensolvent o-xylene with high-boiling point.Notably,ternary OSCs offer robust operating stability under maximum-power-point tracking and well-keep>80%of the initial PCEs for even over 400 h.Our alkyl-tailored vip acceptor strategy provides a unique approach to develop green-solvent and blade-coating processed high-efficiency and operating stable OSCs,which paves a way for industrial development.展开更多
Basic organic chemicals and high value–added products are mainly produced by hydrocarbon nitridation and oxidation.However,several drawbacks limit the application of the traditional oxidation and nitridation technolo...Basic organic chemicals and high value–added products are mainly produced by hydrocarbon nitridation and oxidation.However,several drawbacks limit the application of the traditional oxidation and nitridation technologies in the future,such as complex processes,poor intrinsic safety,low atom utilization,and serious environmental pollution.The green nitridation and oxidation technologies are urgently needed.Hydrogen peroxide,a well–known green oxidant,is widely used in green hydrocarbon oxidation and nitridation.But its industrial production in China adopts fixed–bed technology,which is fall behind slurry–bed technology adopted by advanced foreign chemical companies,limiting the development of hydrogen peroxide industry and green hydrocarbon nitridation or oxidation industry.This article reviews the industrial production technologies of hydrogen peroxide and basic organic chemicals such as caprolactam,aniline,propene oxide,epichlorohydrin,phenol,and benzenediol,especially introduces the green production technologies of basic organic chemicals related with H_(2)O_(2).The article also emphasis on the efforts of Chinese researchers in developing its own slurry–bed technology of hydrogen peroxide production,and corresponding green hydrocarbon nitridation or oxidation technologies with hydrogen peroxide.Compared with traditional nitridation or oxidation technologies,green production technologies of caprolactam,propene oxide,epichlorohydrin,and benzenediol with hydrogen peroxide promote the nitrogen atom utilization from 60%to near 100%and the carbon atom utilization from 80%to near 100%.The waste emissions and environmental investments are reduced dramatically.Technological blockade against the green chemical industry of China are partially broken down,and technological upgrade in the chemical industry of China is guaranteed.展开更多
1. Introduction Over the next few years, the manufacturing industry worldwide will face intense challenges, as finite supplies of raw materials dwindle and the cheap energy from fossil fuels becomes scarcer. Many conv...1. Introduction Over the next few years, the manufacturing industry worldwide will face intense challenges, as finite supplies of raw materials dwindle and the cheap energy from fossil fuels becomes scarcer. Many conventional manufacturing processes will be outlawed on environmental grounds. For engineers and scientists, these inter- related problems also present an enormous opportunity. Robust new technologies are needed： They must be cost effective and energy efficient, and they must minimize pollution.展开更多
This work aims to develop a model that will improve the performance and energy efficiency of a novel electrocoagulation(EC)process utilized in wastewater treatment to extrapolate the findings to an industrial scale.Ut...This work aims to develop a model that will improve the performance and energy efficiency of a novel electrocoagulation(EC)process utilized in wastewater treatment to extrapolate the findings to an industrial scale.Utilizing Design of experiments(DOE)allows us to maximize treatment efficiency while minimizing energy consumption.This evaluation was conducted by employing aluminum electrodes as sacrificial anodes.The main factors identified in preliminary experiments are the pH of the medium,the applied potential,and the treatment time.A three-level(3^(3))factorial design was employed to examine the relationship between efficiency performance and energy consumption.Under optimal conditions,treatment efficiency is around 66%for biological oxygen demand within 5 days(BOD_(5)),98%for chemical oxygen demand(COD),associated with a minimum energy consumption of 2.39 kW·h·mg^(-1)of COD.The parameters most significantly influenced by the mathematical models obtained were the potential or applied current,treatment time,and their interaction.The modeling results were also correlated with the experimental results and there were minimal discrepancies.The modeling results were also correlated with the experimental results to assess the accuracy and validity of the model's predictions and there were minimal discrepancies.The results provide promising possibilities for advancing an environmentally friendly wastewater treatment methodology and an economically viable technological solution.展开更多
Long-term research on key techniques of clean utilization of potassic rocks from over twenty localities has been performed to settle the shortage of soluble potassium resources in China. The results show that K-feldsp...Long-term research on key techniques of clean utilization of potassic rocks from over twenty localities has been performed to settle the shortage of soluble potassium resources in China. The results show that K-feldspar as the principal mineral enriched in potassium could be decomposed in the media of Ca（OH）_2, NaOH, KOH-H_2O solution via hydrothermal treatment, into tobermorite, hydroxylcancrinite, and kalsilite respectively. By further processing, these compounds are feasible for being as slow-release carrier of potassium nitrate, extracting alumina, and preparing farm-oriented fertilizers of potassium sulphate and nitrate. Correspondingly, the filtrate is KOH,（Na, K）_2SiO_3, and K_2SiO_3 solution, from which potassium carbonate, sulphate, nitrate, and phosphate could be easily fabricated. As NaO H and KOH are recycled in the processing chains by causticizing sodium and/or potassium metasilicate solutions, the hydrothermal alkaline techniques as developed in this research have several advantages as lower consumption of disposable mineral resources and energy, maximized utilization of potassic mineral resources, as well as clean productions etc. Based on the approaches presented in this paper, the technical system of efficiently utilizing insoluble potassium resources has been established. The hydrothermal alkaline methods are feasible to be industrialized on a large scale, thus resulting in decreasing imports of potash fertilizers, improving the pattern of potassium fertilizer consumption, and enhancing the supplying guarantee of potassium resource in China.展开更多
High-quality wood products and valuable wood crafts receive everyone’s favor with the rapid development of the economy.In order to improve the cutting surface quality of wood forming parts,the cutting experiment of r...High-quality wood products and valuable wood crafts receive everyone’s favor with the rapid development of the economy.In order to improve the cutting surface quality of wood forming parts,the cutting experiment of renewable Fraxinus mandshurica was conducted by waterjet-assisted CO_(2)laser(WACL)technology.A quadratic mathematical model for describing the relationship between surface roughness changes and cutting parameters was established.The effects of cutting speed,flow pressure and laser power on the kerf surface roughness of Fraxinus mandshurica when cutting transversally were discussed by response surface method.The experimental results showed that kerf surface roughness decreased under a lower laser power,higher cutting speed and higher flow pressure.When the cutting speed was 30 mm/s,flow pressure was 1.58 MPa and laser power was 45 W,the actual surface roughness of the optimized Fraxinus mandshurica was 2.41μm,and it was in accord with the theoretically predicted surface roughness value of 2.54μm,so the model fitted the actual situation well.Through the analysis of 3D profile morphology and micromorphology,it was concluded that the optimized kerf surface of Fraxinus mandshurica was smoother,the cell wall was not destroyed and the tracheid was clear.It provides the theoretical basis for wood micromachining.展开更多
The 2022′s Youth Forum on Resources Chemicals and Materials was held on November 12-13,2022,in Shenyang,Liaoning Province.Panel discussions focus on the cutting-edge researches on“Fine chemicals and advanced alloy m...The 2022′s Youth Forum on Resources Chemicals and Materials was held on November 12-13,2022,in Shenyang,Liaoning Province.Panel discussions focus on the cutting-edge researches on“Fine chemicals and advanced alloy materials”and“Utilization of fossil and renewable carbon resources”.This perspective summarizes the major di-rections of scientific research and technical developments aligned in the discussions.Fine chemical industry tends to pursue green and low-carbon products,intelligent product design,and start manufacturing.In recent years,great efforts have been made for transformation of cellulose into advanced electronic as well as life-service bio-materials and to the high-selectivity extraction of bio-base aromatic chemicals from lignin.Concerning high-end alloy materials,regulating deformation mechanism of crystal to construct bimodal microstructure seems highly prospective in harmonizing precipitate hardening effect and plastic deformation capacity.As we know,utiliza-tion of fossil carbon resources constitutes the major anthropogenic carbon emissions,and the related innovations thus should be,for possibly a long period,on increasing energy production efficiency and low-carbon cascaded conversion of fossil fuels,especially of coal.展开更多
As a part of the green process for manufacturing chromium compounds, two steps are involved in the synthesis of ultra-fine Cr2O3 powders： the first is the hydrogen reduction of K2CrO4 into intermediate trivalent （C...As a part of the green process for manufacturing chromium compounds, two steps are involved in the synthesis of ultra-fine Cr2O3 powders： the first is the hydrogen reduction of K2CrO4 into intermediate trivalent （Cr^3＋） or tetravalent （Cr^4＋） chromium compounds; the second is the decomposing of the intermediate into Cr2O3 by heat treating. The intermediate is well characterized by means of SEM, XRD, and XPS. The possible reaction mechanism of the process is analyzed.展开更多
The development of high-performance nearinfrared(NIR)absorbing electron acceptors is a major challenge in achieving high short-circuit current density(JSC)to increase power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar c...The development of high-performance nearinfrared(NIR)absorbing electron acceptors is a major challenge in achieving high short-circuit current density(JSC)to increase power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs).Herein,three new multi-heteroatomized Y-series acceptors(bi-asy-Y-Br,bi-asy-Y-FBr,and bi-asy-Y-FBrF)were developed by combining dual-asymmetric selenium-fused core and brominated end-groups with different numbers of fluorine substitutions.With gradually increasing fluorination,three acceptors exhibit red-shift absorption.Among them,biasy-Y-FBrF presents planar molecular geometry,the maximum average electrostatic potential,and the minimum molecular dipole moment,which are conducive to intramolecular packing and charge transport.Moreover,D18:bi-asy-Y-FBrF active layer presents higher crystallinity,more suitable phase separation,and reduced charge recombination compared to D18:bi-asy-Y-Br and D18:bi-asy-Y-FBr blends.Consequently,among theses binary OSCs,D18:bi-asy-Y-FBrF device achieves a higher PCE of 15.74% with an enhanced JSC of 26.28 mA cm^(-2),while D18:bi-asy-Y-Br device obtains a moderate PCE of 15.04% with the highest open-circuit voltage(VOC)of 0.926 V.Inspired by its high VOC and complementary absorption with NIR-absorbing BTP-eC9 as acceptor,bi-asy-Y-Br is introduced into binary D18:BTP-eC9 to construct ternary OSCs,achieving a further boosted PCE of 19.12%,which is among the top values for the reported green solvent processed OSCs.展开更多
Bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells （PSCs） have at- tracted considerable attention owning to their potential for fabricating flexible, light-weight and large area solar cell panels via high-throughput roll-to-ro...Bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells （PSCs） have at- tracted considerable attention owning to their potential for fabricating flexible, light-weight and large area solar cell panels via high-throughput roll-to-roll technologies. Compared with conventional PSCs comprising small mol- ecule acceptors, such as fullerenes, all-polymer solar cells （all-PSCs） containing blends of p-type/n-type polymers in the photoactive layer provide advantages including easily tunable absorption band, enhanced absorption coefficient,展开更多
The green process to recover magnesium chlor-ide from the residue solution of a potassium chloride pro-duction plant,which comes from the leach solution of a potash mine in Laos,is designed and optimized.The res-idue ...The green process to recover magnesium chlor-ide from the residue solution of a potassium chloride pro-duction plant,which comes from the leach solution of a potash mine in Laos,is designed and optimized.The res-idue solution contains magnesium chloride above 25 wt-%,potassium chloride and sodium chloride together below 5 wt-%and a few other ions such as Br-,SO_(2)-4and Ca2+.The recovery process contains two steps:the previous impurity removal operation and the two-stage evapora-tion-cooling crystallization procedure to produce magnes-ium chloride.The crystallized impurity carnallite obtained from the first step is recycled to the potassium chloride plant to recover the potassium salt.The developed process is a zero discharge one and thus fulfills the requirements for green chemical industrial production.The produced magnesium chloride is up to industrial criteria.展开更多
A series of diatomite supported Cu/Ni bimetallic catalysts were prepared using the co-impregnation method to improve the efficiency and selectivity toward methyl 12-hydroxystearate in the hydrogenation of methyl ricin...A series of diatomite supported Cu/Ni bimetallic catalysts were prepared using the co-impregnation method to improve the efficiency and selectivity toward methyl 12-hydroxystearate in the hydrogenation of methyl ricinoleate.The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDS),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and temperature programmed reduction(H2-TPR).All the characterization results verified the formation of highly dispersed Cu/Ni alloy on support.Moreover,by subtly regulating the Ni/Cu molar ratio as well as the reaction parameters,the hydrogenation of methyl ricinoleate to methyl 12-hydroxystearate proceeded efficiently and selectively,affording 97%yield of methyl 12-hydroxystearate and nearly equivalent conversion of methyl ricinoleate under 2 MPa H2 pressure and at 130 C in 4 h with only 1 wt%of the catalyst Ni7Cu1/diatomite(based on methyl ricinoleate).Besides,the supported Cu–Ni bimetallic catalyst is stable during recycle and reuse.After five cycles of reuse,much catalytic activity is still preserved.Therefore,this low-cost and stable bimetallic catalyst would be promising for the hydrogenation of methyl ricinoleate to methyl 12-hydroxystearate,representing an example of green catalysis for efficiently conversion of biomass to value-added chemicals and materials.展开更多
This research was conducted to investigate the biooxidation and copper dissolution from raw low-grade refractory copper sulphide ores located in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China using adapted Thiobacillus ferro...This research was conducted to investigate the biooxidation and copper dissolution from raw low-grade refractory copper sulphide ores located in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China using adapted Thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria.In order to accelerate the bioleach-ing rate,the adapted mixed bacteria and silver ion catalyst were tested in the leach columns at laboratory scale.The overall acid consumption was 4.3kg sulphuric acid per kg of dissolved copper and was linearly related to the percent copper dissolution.The calculated copper dissolution rates obey the Shrinking Core Model.The relative activation energy of the whole biooxidative leaching stages was calculated to be 48.58kJ/mol.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0901700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278241)+1 种基金a grant from the Institute Guo Qiang,Tsinghua University(2021GQG1016)Department of Chemical Engineering-iBHE Joint Cooperation Fund。
文摘The development of electronic products and increased electronic waste have triggered a series of ecological problems on Earth.Meanwhile,amidst energy crises and the pursuit of carbon neutrality,the recycling of discarded biomass has attracted the attention of many researchers.In recent years,the transformation of discarded biomass into value-added electronic products has emerged as a promising endeavor in the field of green and flexible electronics.In this review,the attempts and advancements in biomass conversion into flexible electronic materials and devices are systematically summarized.We focus on reviewing the research progress in biomass conversion into substrates,electrodes,and materials tailored for optical and thermal management.Furthermore,we explore component combinations suitable for applications in environmental monitoring and health management.Finally,we discuss the challenges in techniques and cost-effectiveness currently faced by biomass conversion into flexible electronic devices and propose improvement strategies.Drawing insights from both fundamental research and industrial applications,we offer prospects for future developments in this burgeoning field.
基金the support from the NSFC (22209131, 22005121, 21875182, and 52173023)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFE0132400)+4 种基金Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Project of Shaanxi Province (2020TD-002)111 project 2.0 (BP0618008)Open Fund of Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications (Changzhou University, GDRGCS2022002)Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education (Jiangxi Normal University, KFSEMC-202201)acquired at beamlines 7.3.3 and 11.0.1.2 at the Advanced Light Source, which is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0205CH11231
文摘Power-conversion-efficiencies(PCEs)of organic solar cells(OSCs)in laboratory,normally processed by spin-coating technology with toxic halogenated solvents,have reached over 19%.However,there is usually a marked PCE drop when the bladecoating and/or green-solvents toward large-scale printing are used instead,which hampers the practical development of OSCs.Here,a new series of N-alkyl-tailored small molecule acceptors named YR-SeNF with a same molecular main backbone are developed by combining selenium-fused central-core and naphthalene-fused endgroup.Thanks to the N-alkyl engineering,NIR-absorbing YR-SeNF series show different crystallinity,packing patterns,and miscibility with polymeric donor.The studies exhibit that the molecular packing,crystallinity,and vertical distribution of active layer morphologies are well optimized by introducing newly designed vip acceptor associated with tailored N-alkyl chains,providing the improved charge transfer dynamics and stability for the PM6:L8-BO:YRSeNF-based OSCs.As a result,a record-high PCE approaching 19%is achieved in the blade-coating OSCs fabricated from a greensolvent o-xylene with high-boiling point.Notably,ternary OSCs offer robust operating stability under maximum-power-point tracking and well-keep>80%of the initial PCEs for even over 400 h.Our alkyl-tailored vip acceptor strategy provides a unique approach to develop green-solvent and blade-coating processed high-efficiency and operating stable OSCs,which paves a way for industrial development.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U19B6002)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0301600).
文摘Basic organic chemicals and high value–added products are mainly produced by hydrocarbon nitridation and oxidation.However,several drawbacks limit the application of the traditional oxidation and nitridation technologies in the future,such as complex processes,poor intrinsic safety,low atom utilization,and serious environmental pollution.The green nitridation and oxidation technologies are urgently needed.Hydrogen peroxide,a well–known green oxidant,is widely used in green hydrocarbon oxidation and nitridation.But its industrial production in China adopts fixed–bed technology,which is fall behind slurry–bed technology adopted by advanced foreign chemical companies,limiting the development of hydrogen peroxide industry and green hydrocarbon nitridation or oxidation industry.This article reviews the industrial production technologies of hydrogen peroxide and basic organic chemicals such as caprolactam,aniline,propene oxide,epichlorohydrin,phenol,and benzenediol,especially introduces the green production technologies of basic organic chemicals related with H_(2)O_(2).The article also emphasis on the efforts of Chinese researchers in developing its own slurry–bed technology of hydrogen peroxide production,and corresponding green hydrocarbon nitridation or oxidation technologies with hydrogen peroxide.Compared with traditional nitridation or oxidation technologies,green production technologies of caprolactam,propene oxide,epichlorohydrin,and benzenediol with hydrogen peroxide promote the nitrogen atom utilization from 60%to near 100%and the carbon atom utilization from 80%to near 100%.The waste emissions and environmental investments are reduced dramatically.Technological blockade against the green chemical industry of China are partially broken down,and technological upgrade in the chemical industry of China is guaranteed.
文摘1. Introduction Over the next few years, the manufacturing industry worldwide will face intense challenges, as finite supplies of raw materials dwindle and the cheap energy from fossil fuels becomes scarcer. Many conventional manufacturing processes will be outlawed on environmental grounds. For engineers and scientists, these inter- related problems also present an enormous opportunity. Robust new technologies are needed： They must be cost effective and energy efficient, and they must minimize pollution.
文摘This work aims to develop a model that will improve the performance and energy efficiency of a novel electrocoagulation(EC)process utilized in wastewater treatment to extrapolate the findings to an industrial scale.Utilizing Design of experiments(DOE)allows us to maximize treatment efficiency while minimizing energy consumption.This evaluation was conducted by employing aluminum electrodes as sacrificial anodes.The main factors identified in preliminary experiments are the pH of the medium,the applied potential,and the treatment time.A three-level(3^(3))factorial design was employed to examine the relationship between efficiency performance and energy consumption.Under optimal conditions,treatment efficiency is around 66%for biological oxygen demand within 5 days(BOD_(5)),98%for chemical oxygen demand(COD),associated with a minimum energy consumption of 2.39 kW·h·mg^(-1)of COD.The parameters most significantly influenced by the mathematical models obtained were the potential or applied current,treatment time,and their interaction.The modeling results were also correlated with the experimental results and there were minimal discrepancies.The modeling results were also correlated with the experimental results to assess the accuracy and validity of the model's predictions and there were minimal discrepancies.The results provide promising possibilities for advancing an environmentally friendly wastewater treatment methodology and an economically viable technological solution.
基金granted by China Geological Survey Project(12120113087700)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2652014017)+10 种基金the National Eleventh Five-year Supporting Plan for Science and Technology(2006BAD10B04)Specialized Research Funds for Doctoral Program of Higher Education(1999049114)supported by the Provincial Science and Technology Programs of Henan(0524250042)Inner Mongolia(20020307)Shanxi(001065)Beijing(953500400)enterprises of Shaanxi Daqin Potassium Industry CorporationTongling Chemical Industry Group CorporationShanxi Ziguang Potassium Industry CorporationHenan Qianhe Mining Corporationthe Geological Survey of Tianjin
文摘Long-term research on key techniques of clean utilization of potassic rocks from over twenty localities has been performed to settle the shortage of soluble potassium resources in China. The results show that K-feldspar as the principal mineral enriched in potassium could be decomposed in the media of Ca（OH）_2, NaOH, KOH-H_2O solution via hydrothermal treatment, into tobermorite, hydroxylcancrinite, and kalsilite respectively. By further processing, these compounds are feasible for being as slow-release carrier of potassium nitrate, extracting alumina, and preparing farm-oriented fertilizers of potassium sulphate and nitrate. Correspondingly, the filtrate is KOH,（Na, K）_2SiO_3, and K_2SiO_3 solution, from which potassium carbonate, sulphate, nitrate, and phosphate could be easily fabricated. As NaO H and KOH are recycled in the processing chains by causticizing sodium and/or potassium metasilicate solutions, the hydrothermal alkaline techniques as developed in this research have several advantages as lower consumption of disposable mineral resources and energy, maximized utilization of potassic mineral resources, as well as clean productions etc. Based on the approaches presented in this paper, the technical system of efficiently utilizing insoluble potassium resources has been established. The hydrothermal alkaline methods are feasible to be industrialized on a large scale, thus resulting in decreasing imports of potash fertilizers, improving the pattern of potassium fertilizer consumption, and enhancing the supplying guarantee of potassium resource in China.
基金supported by the Joint Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Hainan Province(2021CXLH0001)the Teaching Reform in Higher Education of Heilongjiang Province(SJGY20210135)+4 种基金the Key Subject of Education Planning in Heilongjiang Province(GJB1423352)the Guiding Innovation Fund Project of Northeast Petroleum University(2022YDL-06 and 2021YDL-13)Daqing City Guiding Science and Technology Project(zd-2021-41)the Scientific Research Start-Up Fund Project of Northeast Petroleum University(2021KQ09 and 2019KQ67)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0601004).
文摘High-quality wood products and valuable wood crafts receive everyone’s favor with the rapid development of the economy.In order to improve the cutting surface quality of wood forming parts,the cutting experiment of renewable Fraxinus mandshurica was conducted by waterjet-assisted CO_(2)laser(WACL)technology.A quadratic mathematical model for describing the relationship between surface roughness changes and cutting parameters was established.The effects of cutting speed,flow pressure and laser power on the kerf surface roughness of Fraxinus mandshurica when cutting transversally were discussed by response surface method.The experimental results showed that kerf surface roughness decreased under a lower laser power,higher cutting speed and higher flow pressure.When the cutting speed was 30 mm/s,flow pressure was 1.58 MPa and laser power was 45 W,the actual surface roughness of the optimized Fraxinus mandshurica was 2.41μm,and it was in accord with the theoretically predicted surface roughness value of 2.54μm,so the model fitted the actual situation well.Through the analysis of 3D profile morphology and micromorphology,it was concluded that the optimized kerf surface of Fraxinus mandshurica was smoother,the cell wall was not destroyed and the tracheid was clear.It provides the theoretical basis for wood micromachining.
基金supported by The Liaoning Industrial Technology Insti-tute,and organized by Shenyang University of Chemical Technology.
文摘The 2022′s Youth Forum on Resources Chemicals and Materials was held on November 12-13,2022,in Shenyang,Liaoning Province.Panel discussions focus on the cutting-edge researches on“Fine chemicals and advanced alloy materials”and“Utilization of fossil and renewable carbon resources”.This perspective summarizes the major di-rections of scientific research and technical developments aligned in the discussions.Fine chemical industry tends to pursue green and low-carbon products,intelligent product design,and start manufacturing.In recent years,great efforts have been made for transformation of cellulose into advanced electronic as well as life-service bio-materials and to the high-selectivity extraction of bio-base aromatic chemicals from lignin.Concerning high-end alloy materials,regulating deformation mechanism of crystal to construct bimodal microstructure seems highly prospective in harmonizing precipitate hardening effect and plastic deformation capacity.As we know,utiliza-tion of fossil carbon resources constitutes the major anthropogenic carbon emissions,and the related innovations thus should be,for possibly a long period,on increasing energy production efficiency and low-carbon cascaded conversion of fossil fuels,especially of coal.
基金the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.082813)the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50234040)+1 种基金the National Science & Technology Pillar Program in the Eleventh Five-year Plan Period(No.2006BAC02A05)the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China(No.2007CB613500)
文摘As a part of the green process for manufacturing chromium compounds, two steps are involved in the synthesis of ultra-fine Cr2O3 powders： the first is the hydrogen reduction of K2CrO4 into intermediate trivalent （Cr^3＋） or tetravalent （Cr^4＋） chromium compounds; the second is the decomposing of the intermediate into Cr2O3 by heat treating. The intermediate is well characterized by means of SEM, XRD, and XPS. The possible reaction mechanism of the process is analyzed.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0132400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(22209131 and 22405204)+6 种基金the Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Project of Shaanxi Province(2020TD-002)the 111 project 2.0(BP0618008)the Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Support Program(BX20230285)the Science and Technology Program of Shaanxi Province(2023-JC-QN-0448)the Outstanding Youth Science and Technology Fund Project of Xi’an University of Science and Technology(8159922001)the Open Fund of Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications(Changzhou University)(GDRGCS2023002)supported by the Director,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231.
文摘The development of high-performance nearinfrared(NIR)absorbing electron acceptors is a major challenge in achieving high short-circuit current density(JSC)to increase power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs).Herein,three new multi-heteroatomized Y-series acceptors(bi-asy-Y-Br,bi-asy-Y-FBr,and bi-asy-Y-FBrF)were developed by combining dual-asymmetric selenium-fused core and brominated end-groups with different numbers of fluorine substitutions.With gradually increasing fluorination,three acceptors exhibit red-shift absorption.Among them,biasy-Y-FBrF presents planar molecular geometry,the maximum average electrostatic potential,and the minimum molecular dipole moment,which are conducive to intramolecular packing and charge transport.Moreover,D18:bi-asy-Y-FBrF active layer presents higher crystallinity,more suitable phase separation,and reduced charge recombination compared to D18:bi-asy-Y-Br and D18:bi-asy-Y-FBr blends.Consequently,among theses binary OSCs,D18:bi-asy-Y-FBrF device achieves a higher PCE of 15.74% with an enhanced JSC of 26.28 mA cm^(-2),while D18:bi-asy-Y-Br device obtains a moderate PCE of 15.04% with the highest open-circuit voltage(VOC)of 0.926 V.Inspired by its high VOC and complementary absorption with NIR-absorbing BTP-eC9 as acceptor,bi-asy-Y-Br is introduced into binary D18:BTP-eC9 to construct ternary OSCs,achieving a further boosted PCE of 19.12%,which is among the top values for the reported green solvent processed OSCs.
文摘Bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells （PSCs） have at- tracted considerable attention owning to their potential for fabricating flexible, light-weight and large area solar cell panels via high-throughput roll-to-roll technologies. Compared with conventional PSCs comprising small mol- ecule acceptors, such as fullerenes, all-polymer solar cells （all-PSCs） containing blends of p-type/n-type polymers in the photoactive layer provide advantages including easily tunable absorption band, enhanced absorption coefficient,
文摘The green process to recover magnesium chlor-ide from the residue solution of a potassium chloride pro-duction plant,which comes from the leach solution of a potash mine in Laos,is designed and optimized.The res-idue solution contains magnesium chloride above 25 wt-%,potassium chloride and sodium chloride together below 5 wt-%and a few other ions such as Br-,SO_(2)-4and Ca2+.The recovery process contains two steps:the previous impurity removal operation and the two-stage evapora-tion-cooling crystallization procedure to produce magnes-ium chloride.The crystallized impurity carnallite obtained from the first step is recycled to the potassium chloride plant to recover the potassium salt.The developed process is a zero discharge one and thus fulfills the requirements for green chemical industrial production.The produced magnesium chloride is up to industrial criteria.
基金supported by the National Program on Key Research Project(2016YFA0602900)Nankai University Engineering Research Center for Castor and also supported by"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities",Nankai University(000082).
文摘A series of diatomite supported Cu/Ni bimetallic catalysts were prepared using the co-impregnation method to improve the efficiency and selectivity toward methyl 12-hydroxystearate in the hydrogenation of methyl ricinoleate.The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDS),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and temperature programmed reduction(H2-TPR).All the characterization results verified the formation of highly dispersed Cu/Ni alloy on support.Moreover,by subtly regulating the Ni/Cu molar ratio as well as the reaction parameters,the hydrogenation of methyl ricinoleate to methyl 12-hydroxystearate proceeded efficiently and selectively,affording 97%yield of methyl 12-hydroxystearate and nearly equivalent conversion of methyl ricinoleate under 2 MPa H2 pressure and at 130 C in 4 h with only 1 wt%of the catalyst Ni7Cu1/diatomite(based on methyl ricinoleate).Besides,the supported Cu–Ni bimetallic catalyst is stable during recycle and reuse.After five cycles of reuse,much catalytic activity is still preserved.Therefore,this low-cost and stable bimetallic catalyst would be promising for the hydrogenation of methyl ricinoleate to methyl 12-hydroxystearate,representing an example of green catalysis for efficiently conversion of biomass to value-added chemicals and materials.
基金Financial contributions from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.20776019 and 40573044)the“A Hundred Talents Program”of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.0560051057)+1 种基金the Key Program of Department of Education of Sichuan Government(No.2004A146)the Applied Basic Research Program of Sichuan Government(Nos.05JY029-089-1,05JY029-089-2)are acknowl-edged.
文摘This research was conducted to investigate the biooxidation and copper dissolution from raw low-grade refractory copper sulphide ores located in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region of China using adapted Thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria.In order to accelerate the bioleach-ing rate,the adapted mixed bacteria and silver ion catalyst were tested in the leach columns at laboratory scale.The overall acid consumption was 4.3kg sulphuric acid per kg of dissolved copper and was linearly related to the percent copper dissolution.The calculated copper dissolution rates obey the Shrinking Core Model.The relative activation energy of the whole biooxidative leaching stages was calculated to be 48.58kJ/mol.
