In current study, the expressions of protein kinase C （PKC）-α, βⅠ and βⅡ as well as their correlation to the expression of transforming growth factor-βⅠ （TGF-βⅠ） and vascular endothelial growth factor （V...In current study, the expressions of protein kinase C （PKC）-α, βⅠ and βⅡ as well as their correlation to the expression of transforming growth factor-βⅠ （TGF-βⅠ） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） were investigated in glomeruli of normal renal tissues taken from human kidney tumors and kidney tissues from patients with diabetic nephropathy （DN）. The accumulation of glomerular extracelluar matrix （ECM） was determined by PAS staining, the expressions of PKC-α, PKC-βⅠ, PKC-βⅡ, TGF-βⅠ and VEGF were measured by semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that in glomeruli of normal renal tissues, PKC-α and βⅡ had a strong expression whereas the expression of PKC-βⅠ was weak; in glomeruli of DN patients, the expressions of PKC-α, PKC-βⅠ, VEGF and TGF-βⅠ and the accumulation of ECM increased significantly, but the expression of PKC-βⅡ decreased markedly. Meanwhile, the expressions of PKC-α and βⅠ had a positive correlation to the expressions of VEGF and TGF-βⅠ respectively, whereas PKC-βⅡ showed no correlation to VEGF and TGF-βⅠ. It is concluded that the expressions of PKC-α, βⅠ and βⅡ in glomeruli of normal subjects and DN patients are different. PKC-α seems to play a critical role in human DN by up-regulating VEGF expression, whereas PKC-βⅠ is relatively important for the up-regulation of TGF-βⅠ and the accumulation of ECM under diabetic conditions.展开更多
Tolfactory system of adult lepidopterans is among the best described neuronal circuits.However,comparatively little is known about the organization of the olfactory system in the larval stage of these insects.Here,we ...Tolfactory system of adult lepidopterans is among the best described neuronal circuits.However,comparatively little is known about the organization of the olfactory system in the larval stage of these insects.Here,we explore the expression of olfactory receptors and the organization of olfactory sensory neurons in caterpillars of Pieris brassicae,a significant pest species in Europe and a well-studied species for its chemical ecology.To describe the larval olfactory system in this species,we first analyzed the head transcriptome of third-instar larvae(L3)and identified 16 odorant receptors(ORs)including the OR coreceptor(Orco),13 ionotropic receptors(IRs),and 8 gustatory receptors(GRs).We then quantified the expression of these 16 ORs in different life stages,using qPCR,and found that the majority of ORs had significantly higher expression in the L4 stage than in the L3 and L5 stages,indicating that the larval olfactory system is not static throughout caterpillar development.Using an Orco-specific antibody,we identified all olfactory receptor neurons(ORNs)expressing the Orco protein in L3,L4,and L5 caterpillars and found a total of 34 Orco-positive ORNs,distributed among three sensilla on the antenna.The number of Orco-positive ORNs did not differ among the three larval instars.Finally,we used retrograde axon tracing of the antennal nerve and identified a mean of 15 glomeruli in the larval antennal center(LAC),suggesting that the caterpillar olfactory system follows a similar design as the adult olfactory system,although with a lower numerical redundancy.Taken together,our results provide a detailed analysis of the larval olfactory neurons in P brassicae,highlighting both the differences as well as the commonalities with the adult olfactory system.These findings contribute to a better understanding of the development of the olfactory system in insects and its life-stage-specific adaptations.展开更多
Glomeruli are an essential functional element of renal filtration.The majority of renal diseases caused by glomerular sclerosis or fibrosis may result in renal dysfunction.A fomulate protein profile,a comprehensive an...Glomeruli are an essential functional element of renal filtration.The majority of renal diseases caused by glomerular sclerosis or fibrosis may result in renal dysfunction.A fomulate protein profile,a comprehensive analysis of glomeruli of normal rats was conducted in this study via protein spectrum.Functional annotation and classification of these proteins were performed and it was found that 26 had the same glomerule(endothelial cells,podocytes and mesangial cells)markers with proteins.展开更多
文摘In current study, the expressions of protein kinase C （PKC）-α, βⅠ and βⅡ as well as their correlation to the expression of transforming growth factor-βⅠ （TGF-βⅠ） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） were investigated in glomeruli of normal renal tissues taken from human kidney tumors and kidney tissues from patients with diabetic nephropathy （DN）. The accumulation of glomerular extracelluar matrix （ECM） was determined by PAS staining, the expressions of PKC-α, PKC-βⅠ, PKC-βⅡ, TGF-βⅠ and VEGF were measured by semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that in glomeruli of normal renal tissues, PKC-α and βⅡ had a strong expression whereas the expression of PKC-βⅠ was weak; in glomeruli of DN patients, the expressions of PKC-α, PKC-βⅠ, VEGF and TGF-βⅠ and the accumulation of ECM increased significantly, but the expression of PKC-βⅡ decreased markedly. Meanwhile, the expressions of PKC-α and βⅠ had a positive correlation to the expressions of VEGF and TGF-βⅠ respectively, whereas PKC-βⅡ showed no correlation to VEGF and TGF-βⅠ. It is concluded that the expressions of PKC-α, βⅠ and βⅡ in glomeruli of normal subjects and DN patients are different. PKC-α seems to play a critical role in human DN by up-regulating VEGF expression, whereas PKC-βⅠ is relatively important for the up-regulation of TGF-βⅠ and the accumulation of ECM under diabetic conditions.
基金financed by a VENI grant(016.Veni.192.116)of the Dutch Research Council(NWO)to AHa China Scholarship Council grant(no.201903250092)to QW.
文摘Tolfactory system of adult lepidopterans is among the best described neuronal circuits.However,comparatively little is known about the organization of the olfactory system in the larval stage of these insects.Here,we explore the expression of olfactory receptors and the organization of olfactory sensory neurons in caterpillars of Pieris brassicae,a significant pest species in Europe and a well-studied species for its chemical ecology.To describe the larval olfactory system in this species,we first analyzed the head transcriptome of third-instar larvae(L3)and identified 16 odorant receptors(ORs)including the OR coreceptor(Orco),13 ionotropic receptors(IRs),and 8 gustatory receptors(GRs).We then quantified the expression of these 16 ORs in different life stages,using qPCR,and found that the majority of ORs had significantly higher expression in the L4 stage than in the L3 and L5 stages,indicating that the larval olfactory system is not static throughout caterpillar development.Using an Orco-specific antibody,we identified all olfactory receptor neurons(ORNs)expressing the Orco protein in L3,L4,and L5 caterpillars and found a total of 34 Orco-positive ORNs,distributed among three sensilla on the antenna.The number of Orco-positive ORNs did not differ among the three larval instars.Finally,we used retrograde axon tracing of the antennal nerve and identified a mean of 15 glomeruli in the larval antennal center(LAC),suggesting that the caterpillar olfactory system follows a similar design as the adult olfactory system,although with a lower numerical redundancy.Taken together,our results provide a detailed analysis of the larval olfactory neurons in P brassicae,highlighting both the differences as well as the commonalities with the adult olfactory system.These findings contribute to a better understanding of the development of the olfactory system in insects and its life-stage-specific adaptations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30670983)
文摘Glomeruli are an essential functional element of renal filtration.The majority of renal diseases caused by glomerular sclerosis or fibrosis may result in renal dysfunction.A fomulate protein profile,a comprehensive analysis of glomeruli of normal rats was conducted in this study via protein spectrum.Functional annotation and classification of these proteins were performed and it was found that 26 had the same glomerule(endothelial cells,podocytes and mesangial cells)markers with proteins.
