研判光热发电(concentrating solar power,CSP)技术发展进程,可为全球能源互联网规划和建设提供重要参考依据。建立基于S型曲线的光热发电技术成熟度(global energy interconnection,GEI)预测模型,通过整理分析光热发电技术专利信息,对...研判光热发电(concentrating solar power,CSP)技术发展进程,可为全球能源互联网规划和建设提供重要参考依据。建立基于S型曲线的光热发电技术成熟度(global energy interconnection,GEI)预测模型,通过整理分析光热发电技术专利信息,对模型参数进行回归分析,进而预测未来典型年份光热发电的技术成熟度,并分析政策驱动和资金投入对光热发电技术发展进程的影响。研究表明,当前光热发电技术成熟度较低,仍处于技术发展期的初级阶段,预计在2032年左右,全球光热发电技术高度成熟,将进入大规模商业化应用阶段,在北非、南美洲东西海岸、我国西部等地区推进大型光热电站建设,支撑全球能源互联网构建。展开更多
GEIS(Grid Based Emergency Inter-Act System)是一个基于主体网格的城市应急联动与社会综合服务系统,通过主体网格和通信系统将治安、消防、卫生急救、交通、公共设施、自然灾害等突发事件的应急联动与综合服务,调度集成在一个管理平台...GEIS(Grid Based Emergency Inter-Act System)是一个基于主体网格的城市应急联动与社会综合服务系统,通过主体网格和通信系统将治安、消防、卫生急救、交通、公共设施、自然灾害等突发事件的应急联动与综合服务,调度集成在一个管理平台中,通过共享指挥平台和基础信息,实现统一接处警,统一指挥、联合行动、快速反应、为市民提供更加便捷的紧急救援及相关服务,为政府科学决策和处置各种紧急与灾害事件提供技术支持,为城市公共安全提供技术保障。GEIS的一个突出优势是将范例推理(Case Base Reasoning,CBR)与规则推理(Rule Base Reasoning,RBR)两种人工智能技术相结合,实现了快速预案生成系统。它能在紧急情况发生的时候,为应急部门提供快速的辅助预案支持,为科学决策打下良好基础。目前,GEIS已经应用到抗洪抢险和交通事故处理中,效果表明它具有跨平台性好,稳定性强,响应速度快,易操作的独特优势。展开更多
Facing the trend of increasing population,how to increase maize grain yield is a very important issue to ensure food security.In this study,28 nationally approved maize hybrids were evaluated across 24 different clima...Facing the trend of increasing population,how to increase maize grain yield is a very important issue to ensure food security.In this study,28 nationally approved maize hybrids were evaluated across 24 different climatic conditions for two consecutive years(2018-2019).The purpose of this study was to select high-yield with stable genotypes and identify important agronomic traits for maize breeding program improvement.The results of this study showed that the genotypeenvironment interaction effects of the 12 evaluated agronomic traits was highly significant(P<0.001).We introduced a novel multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index(MGIDI)to select genotypes based on multiple agronomic traits.The selection process exhibited by this method is unique and easy to understand,so the MGIDI index will have more and more important applications in future multi-environment trials(METs)research.The genotypes selected by the MGIDI index were G22,G10,G12 and G1 as the high yielding and stable genotypes.The parents of these selected genotypes have the ability to play a greater role as the basic germplasm in the breeding process.A new form of genotype(G)main effects and genotype(G)-by-environment(E)interaction(GGE)technician,genotypeyieldtrait(GYT)biplot,based on multiple traits for genotypes selection was also applied in this study.The GYT biplot ranked genotypes by combining grain yield with other evaluated agronomic traits,and displayed the distribution of their traits,namely strengths and weaknesses.展开更多
Power transmission across the sea is an important part of global energy interconnection(GEI).To support the construction of GEI and to serve the needs of future clean energy trans-sea transportation and offshore wind ...Power transmission across the sea is an important part of global energy interconnection(GEI).To support the construction of GEI and to serve the needs of future clean energy trans-sea transportation and offshore wind power development,this study a)analyzes the requirements of the GEI backbone network pertaining to direct current(DC)submarine cable technology,and b)defines the key technical and economic indices of ultrahigh-voltage direct current(UHVDC)submarine cable based on theoretical computations.The research is based on the thermoelectric coupling model and the finite element method.It is shown that the dielectric strength of the insulating materials of the±800 kV~±1100 kV/4000 MW^12000 MW UHVDC submarine cable(extrusion insulation)should be not less than 43~65 kV/mm,while the heat resistance is not less than 110°C.As the cost of submarine cable is 5~10 times higher than that of the overhead line,the project investment need to be decreased to a level within the economical carrying capacity to guarantee extensive applicability of the HVDC submarine cable technology.展开更多
Breeding of forage maize should combine improvement achieved for grain with the specific needs of forage hybrids. Production stability is important when maize is used for silage if the planting area is not in the idea...Breeding of forage maize should combine improvement achieved for grain with the specific needs of forage hybrids. Production stability is important when maize is used for silage if the planting area is not in the ideal agronomic environment. The objectives of the present research were:(i) to quantify environmental and genetic and their interaction effects on maize silage traits;(ii) to identify possible heterotic groups for forage aptitude and suggest the formation of potential heterotic patterns, and(iii) to identify suitable inbred line combinations for producing hybrids with forage aptitude. Forty-five hybrids derived from diallelic crosses(without reciprocals) among ten inbred lines of maize were evaluated in this study. Combined ANOVA over environments showed differences between genotypes(G), environments(E), and their interactions(GEI). Heritability(H2), and genotypic and phenotypic correlations were estimated to evaluate the variation in and relationships between forage traits. Postdictive and predictive AMMI models were fitted to determine the importance of each source of variation, G, E, and GEI, and to select genotypes simultaneously on yield, quality and stability. A predominance of additive effects was found in the evaluated traits. The heterotic pattern Reid-BSSS × Argentine flint was confirmed for ear yield(EY) and harvest index(HI). High and broad genetic variation was found for stover and whole plant traits. Some inbred lines had genes with differential breeding aptitude for ear and stover. Stover and ear yield should be the main breeding objectives in maize forage breeding.展开更多
Vigorously developing global renewable energy such as wind energy,solar energy,and hydropower and realizing global clean resource sharing are paramount driving forces for building the Global Energy Interconnection(GEI...Vigorously developing global renewable energy such as wind energy,solar energy,and hydropower and realizing global clean resource sharing are paramount driving forces for building the Global Energy Interconnection(GEI).With the help of a comparative analysis of renewable energy development and global renewable energy development scenarios,this paper expounds on the similarities between China^1 and global renewable energy development.Based on the analysis of renewable energy development and the status of global renewable energy development in China,this paper summarizes the relevant experience and problems of renewable energy development in China.According to these problems,this paper also puts forward the corresponding solutions and measures,that is,to promote the healthy and steady development of renewable energy in China through the source-network-load-storage and market coordination.Finally,by analyzing the development requirements and current foundation of GEI,insights and suggestions are proposed for the future development of renewable energy for the GEI construction.展开更多
After the implementation of the Reform and Opening-up Policy for a period of 40 years, the exploitation of Chin a's hydropower resources developed significa ntly. Through vast amounts of scie ntific and tech no lo...After the implementation of the Reform and Opening-up Policy for a period of 40 years, the exploitation of Chin a's hydropower resources developed significa ntly. Through vast amounts of scie ntific and tech no logical research and construction practices, China has accumulated abundant engineering experience with respect to the construction technologies required for 300-meter-high concrete arch dams, 200-meter-high roller-compacted concrete gravity dams, 200-meter-high concrete face rockfill dams, 250?meter?high earth core rockfill dams, large-flow discharge and energy dissipation, huge underground cavern group constructions, complicated foundation treatments for high earth and rockfill dams and high and steep slope reinforceme nts. These series of tech no logies have now reached an inter national leadi ng level. In the near future, these technical improvements will likely have broader application prospects and make greater contributions toward hydropower development both in China and across the world.展开更多
文摘研判光热发电(concentrating solar power,CSP)技术发展进程,可为全球能源互联网规划和建设提供重要参考依据。建立基于S型曲线的光热发电技术成熟度(global energy interconnection,GEI)预测模型,通过整理分析光热发电技术专利信息,对模型参数进行回归分析,进而预测未来典型年份光热发电的技术成熟度,并分析政策驱动和资金投入对光热发电技术发展进程的影响。研究表明,当前光热发电技术成熟度较低,仍处于技术发展期的初级阶段,预计在2032年左右,全球光热发电技术高度成熟,将进入大规模商业化应用阶段,在北非、南美洲东西海岸、我国西部等地区推进大型光热电站建设,支撑全球能源互联网构建。
文摘GEIS(Grid Based Emergency Inter-Act System)是一个基于主体网格的城市应急联动与社会综合服务系统,通过主体网格和通信系统将治安、消防、卫生急救、交通、公共设施、自然灾害等突发事件的应急联动与综合服务,调度集成在一个管理平台中,通过共享指挥平台和基础信息,实现统一接处警,统一指挥、联合行动、快速反应、为市民提供更加便捷的紧急救援及相关服务,为政府科学决策和处置各种紧急与灾害事件提供技术支持,为城市公共安全提供技术保障。GEIS的一个突出优势是将范例推理(Case Base Reasoning,CBR)与规则推理(Rule Base Reasoning,RBR)两种人工智能技术相结合,实现了快速预案生成系统。它能在紧急情况发生的时候,为应急部门提供快速的辅助预案支持,为科学决策打下良好基础。目前,GEIS已经应用到抗洪抢险和交通事故处理中,效果表明它具有跨平台性好,稳定性强,响应速度快,易操作的独特优势。
基金This research was funded by the Key Research&Development Projects of Hebei Province(20326305D)Key Research and Development Program of Hengshui City(2020014005C)+1 种基金Demonstration and Transformation of Major Achievements of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences in 2020,Innovative Project funded by Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Special Fund for National System(Maize)of Modern Industrial Technology(CARS-02)the Science and Technology Support Program of Hebei Province(16226323D-X).
文摘Facing the trend of increasing population,how to increase maize grain yield is a very important issue to ensure food security.In this study,28 nationally approved maize hybrids were evaluated across 24 different climatic conditions for two consecutive years(2018-2019).The purpose of this study was to select high-yield with stable genotypes and identify important agronomic traits for maize breeding program improvement.The results of this study showed that the genotypeenvironment interaction effects of the 12 evaluated agronomic traits was highly significant(P<0.001).We introduced a novel multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index(MGIDI)to select genotypes based on multiple agronomic traits.The selection process exhibited by this method is unique and easy to understand,so the MGIDI index will have more and more important applications in future multi-environment trials(METs)research.The genotypes selected by the MGIDI index were G22,G10,G12 and G1 as the high yielding and stable genotypes.The parents of these selected genotypes have the ability to play a greater role as the basic germplasm in the breeding process.A new form of genotype(G)main effects and genotype(G)-by-environment(E)interaction(GGE)technician,genotypeyieldtrait(GYT)biplot,based on multiple traits for genotypes selection was also applied in this study.The GYT biplot ranked genotypes by combining grain yield with other evaluated agronomic traits,and displayed the distribution of their traits,namely strengths and weaknesses.
基金supported by the Global Energy Interconnection Group Co.,Ltd.Science and Technology Project(Project No.101662224/Title:UHV large-capacity DC submarine cable key technology and roadmap research)the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFB0900702)
文摘Power transmission across the sea is an important part of global energy interconnection(GEI).To support the construction of GEI and to serve the needs of future clean energy trans-sea transportation and offshore wind power development,this study a)analyzes the requirements of the GEI backbone network pertaining to direct current(DC)submarine cable technology,and b)defines the key technical and economic indices of ultrahigh-voltage direct current(UHVDC)submarine cable based on theoretical computations.The research is based on the thermoelectric coupling model and the finite element method.It is shown that the dielectric strength of the insulating materials of the±800 kV~±1100 kV/4000 MW^12000 MW UHVDC submarine cable(extrusion insulation)should be not less than 43~65 kV/mm,while the heat resistance is not less than 110°C.As the cost of submarine cable is 5~10 times higher than that of the overhead line,the project investment need to be decreased to a level within the economical carrying capacity to guarantee extensive applicability of the HVDC submarine cable technology.
文摘Breeding of forage maize should combine improvement achieved for grain with the specific needs of forage hybrids. Production stability is important when maize is used for silage if the planting area is not in the ideal agronomic environment. The objectives of the present research were:(i) to quantify environmental and genetic and their interaction effects on maize silage traits;(ii) to identify possible heterotic groups for forage aptitude and suggest the formation of potential heterotic patterns, and(iii) to identify suitable inbred line combinations for producing hybrids with forage aptitude. Forty-five hybrids derived from diallelic crosses(without reciprocals) among ten inbred lines of maize were evaluated in this study. Combined ANOVA over environments showed differences between genotypes(G), environments(E), and their interactions(GEI). Heritability(H2), and genotypic and phenotypic correlations were estimated to evaluate the variation in and relationships between forage traits. Postdictive and predictive AMMI models were fitted to determine the importance of each source of variation, G, E, and GEI, and to select genotypes simultaneously on yield, quality and stability. A predominance of additive effects was found in the evaluated traits. The heterotic pattern Reid-BSSS × Argentine flint was confirmed for ear yield(EY) and harvest index(HI). High and broad genetic variation was found for stover and whole plant traits. Some inbred lines had genes with differential breeding aptitude for ear and stover. Stover and ear yield should be the main breeding objectives in maize forage breeding.
文摘Vigorously developing global renewable energy such as wind energy,solar energy,and hydropower and realizing global clean resource sharing are paramount driving forces for building the Global Energy Interconnection(GEI).With the help of a comparative analysis of renewable energy development and global renewable energy development scenarios,this paper expounds on the similarities between China^1 and global renewable energy development.Based on the analysis of renewable energy development and the status of global renewable energy development in China,this paper summarizes the relevant experience and problems of renewable energy development in China.According to these problems,this paper also puts forward the corresponding solutions and measures,that is,to promote the healthy and steady development of renewable energy in China through the source-network-load-storage and market coordination.Finally,by analyzing the development requirements and current foundation of GEI,insights and suggestions are proposed for the future development of renewable energy for the GEI construction.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Development Plan(973 Plan)(2013CB036400)
文摘After the implementation of the Reform and Opening-up Policy for a period of 40 years, the exploitation of Chin a's hydropower resources developed significa ntly. Through vast amounts of scie ntific and tech no logical research and construction practices, China has accumulated abundant engineering experience with respect to the construction technologies required for 300-meter-high concrete arch dams, 200-meter-high roller-compacted concrete gravity dams, 200-meter-high concrete face rockfill dams, 250?meter?high earth core rockfill dams, large-flow discharge and energy dissipation, huge underground cavern group constructions, complicated foundation treatments for high earth and rockfill dams and high and steep slope reinforceme nts. These series of tech no logies have now reached an inter national leadi ng level. In the near future, these technical improvements will likely have broader application prospects and make greater contributions toward hydropower development both in China and across the world.
