This paper presents a standardised workflow for conducting hazard assessments of mass wasting processes in remote mountain areas with limited data.The methodology integrates geomorphological mapping and remote sensing...This paper presents a standardised workflow for conducting hazard assessments of mass wasting processes in remote mountain areas with limited data.The methodology integrates geomorphological mapping and remote sensing techniques and is adaptable to different national standards,thus ensuring its applicability in a variety of contexts.The principal objective is to guarantee the safety of mountainous regions,particularly in the vicinity of essential infrastructure,where the scope for implementing structural measures is restricted.The framework commences with comprehensive geomorphological mapping,which facilitates the identification of past hazardous processes and potential future hazards.New technologies,such as uncrewed aerial vehicles(UAVs),are employed to create high-resolution DEMs,which are particularly beneficial in regions with limited data availability.These models facilitate the assessment of potential hazards and inform decisions regarding protective measures.The utilisation of UAVs enhances the accuracy and efficiency of data collection,particularly in remote mountainous regions where alternative remotely sensed information may be unavailable.The integration of modern approaches into traditional hazard assessment methods allows for a comprehensive analysis of the spatial distribution of factors driving mass wasting processes.This workflow provides valuable insights that assist in the prioritisation of interventions and the optimisation of risk reduction in high mountainous areas.展开更多
Geomorphological mapping plays a key role in landscape representation: it is the starting point for many applications and for the realization of thematic maps, such as hazard and risk maps, geoheritage and geotourism ...Geomorphological mapping plays a key role in landscape representation: it is the starting point for many applications and for the realization of thematic maps, such as hazard and risk maps, geoheritage and geotourism maps. Traditional geomorphological maps are useful for scientific purposes but they need to be simplified for different aims as management and education. In tourism valorization, mapping of geomorphological resources(i.e., geosites, and geomorphosites), and of geomorphic evidences of past hazardous geomorphological events, is important for increasing knowledge about landscape evolution and active processes, potentially involving geomorphosites and hiking trails. Active geomorphosites, as those widespread in mountain regions, testify the high dynamicity of geomorphic processes and their link with climatic conditions. In the present paper, we propose a method to produce and to update cartographic supports(Geomorphological Boxes)realized starting from a traditional geomorphological survey and mapping. The Geomorphological Boxes are geomorphological representation of single, composed or complex landforms drawn on satellite images, using the official Italian geomorphological legend(ISPRA symbols). Such cartographic representation is also addressed to the analysis(identification, evaluation and selection) of Potential Geomorphosites and Geotrails. The method has been tested in the upper portion of the Loana Valley(Western Italian Alps), located within the borders of the Sesia Val Grande Geopark, recognized by UNESCO in 2013. The area has a good potential for geotourism and for educational purposes. We identified 15 Potential Geomorphosites located along 2 Geotrails; they were ranked according to specific attributes also in relation with a Reference Geomorphosite located in the Loana hydrographic basin and inserted in official national and regional databases of geosites(ISPRA; Regione Piemonte). Finally, the ranking of Potential Geomorphosites allowed to select the most valuable ones for valorization or geoconservation purposes. In thisframework, examples of Geomorphological Boxes are proposed as supports to geo-risk education practices.展开更多
Geomorphologic maps are one of the most fundamental materials of the natural environment. They have been widely used in scientific research,resource exploration and extraction,education and military affairs etc. An ed...Geomorphologic maps are one of the most fundamental materials of the natural environment. They have been widely used in scientific research,resource exploration and extraction,education and military affairs etc. An editorial committee was established in 2001 to collect materials for researching and compiling a set of new 1：1,000,000 geomorphologic atlas of China. A digital geomorphologic database was created with visual interpretation from Landsat TM/ETM imageries and SRTM-DEM etc. The atlas compiled from the database was finished. The main characteristics of the atlas are as follows：Firstly,Landsat TM/ETM imageries,published geomorphologic maps or sketches,geographical base maps,digital geological maps,and other thematic maps were collected,which were uniformly geometrically rectified,clipped into uniform sheets,and stored in the foundation database. Secondly,based on the legends of 15 sheets 1：1,000,000 maps published in the 1980s,a geomorphologic classification system was built by combining morphology and genesis types. The system comprised seven hierarchical layers：basic morphology,genesis,sub-genesis,morphology,micro-morphology,slope and aspect,material composition and lithology. These layers were stored in the database during visual image interpretation. About 2000 kinds of morpho-genesis and 300 kinds of morpho-structure were interpreted. Thirdly,the legend system was built,which included color,symbol bases and note bases etc.,compilation standards and procedures were developed,74 sheets of 1：1,000,000 covering all land and sea territories of China were compiled,the 1：1,000,000 geomorphologic atlas of the People＇s Republic of China was finished and published. The atlas will fill the blanks in national basic scale thematic maps,and the geomorphologic database could be applied widely in many fields in the future.展开更多
Landform classification,which is a key topic of geography,is of great significance to a wide range of fields including human construction,geological structure research,environmental governance,etc.Previous studies of ...Landform classification,which is a key topic of geography,is of great significance to a wide range of fields including human construction,geological structure research,environmental governance,etc.Previous studies of landform classification generally paid attention to the topographic or texture information,whilst the watershed spatial structure has not been used.This study developed a new landform classification method based on watershed geospatial structure.Via abstracting the landform into the internal and marginal structure,we adopted the gully weighted complex network(GWCN)and watershed boundary profile(WBP)to simulate the watershed geospatial structure.Introducing various indices to quantitatively depict the watershed geospatial structure,we conducted the landform classification on the Northern Shaanxi of Loess Plateau with a watershed-based strategy and established the classification map.The classified landform distribution has significant spatial aggregation and clear regional boundaries.Classification accuracy reached 89%and the kappa coefficient reached 0.87%.Besides,the proposed method has a positive response to some similar and complex landforms.In general,the present study first utilized the watershed geospatial structure to conduct landform classification and is an efficient landform classification method with well accuracy and universality,offering additional insights for landform classification and mapping.展开更多
基金Open access funding provided by University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna(BOKU).
文摘This paper presents a standardised workflow for conducting hazard assessments of mass wasting processes in remote mountain areas with limited data.The methodology integrates geomorphological mapping and remote sensing techniques and is adaptable to different national standards,thus ensuring its applicability in a variety of contexts.The principal objective is to guarantee the safety of mountainous regions,particularly in the vicinity of essential infrastructure,where the scope for implementing structural measures is restricted.The framework commences with comprehensive geomorphological mapping,which facilitates the identification of past hazardous processes and potential future hazards.New technologies,such as uncrewed aerial vehicles(UAVs),are employed to create high-resolution DEMs,which are particularly beneficial in regions with limited data availability.These models facilitate the assessment of potential hazards and inform decisions regarding protective measures.The utilisation of UAVs enhances the accuracy and efficiency of data collection,particularly in remote mountainous regions where alternative remotely sensed information may be unavailable.The integration of modern approaches into traditional hazard assessment methods allows for a comprehensive analysis of the spatial distribution of factors driving mass wasting processes.This workflow provides valuable insights that assist in the prioritisation of interventions and the optimisation of risk reduction in high mountainous areas.
基金funded by the Fondi Potenziamento della Ricerca - Linea 2 - 2015 Project "Dynamic of active margins: from rift to collisional chains", leader Dr. Davide Zanoni
文摘Geomorphological mapping plays a key role in landscape representation: it is the starting point for many applications and for the realization of thematic maps, such as hazard and risk maps, geoheritage and geotourism maps. Traditional geomorphological maps are useful for scientific purposes but they need to be simplified for different aims as management and education. In tourism valorization, mapping of geomorphological resources(i.e., geosites, and geomorphosites), and of geomorphic evidences of past hazardous geomorphological events, is important for increasing knowledge about landscape evolution and active processes, potentially involving geomorphosites and hiking trails. Active geomorphosites, as those widespread in mountain regions, testify the high dynamicity of geomorphic processes and their link with climatic conditions. In the present paper, we propose a method to produce and to update cartographic supports(Geomorphological Boxes)realized starting from a traditional geomorphological survey and mapping. The Geomorphological Boxes are geomorphological representation of single, composed or complex landforms drawn on satellite images, using the official Italian geomorphological legend(ISPRA symbols). Such cartographic representation is also addressed to the analysis(identification, evaluation and selection) of Potential Geomorphosites and Geotrails. The method has been tested in the upper portion of the Loana Valley(Western Italian Alps), located within the borders of the Sesia Val Grande Geopark, recognized by UNESCO in 2013. The area has a good potential for geotourism and for educational purposes. We identified 15 Potential Geomorphosites located along 2 Geotrails; they were ranked according to specific attributes also in relation with a Reference Geomorphosite located in the Loana hydrographic basin and inserted in official national and regional databases of geosites(ISPRA; Regione Piemonte). Finally, the ranking of Potential Geomorphosites allowed to select the most valuable ones for valorization or geoconservation purposes. In thisframework, examples of Geomorphological Boxes are proposed as supports to geo-risk education practices.
基金Foundation： Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40871177 No.40830529
文摘Geomorphologic maps are one of the most fundamental materials of the natural environment. They have been widely used in scientific research,resource exploration and extraction,education and military affairs etc. An editorial committee was established in 2001 to collect materials for researching and compiling a set of new 1：1,000,000 geomorphologic atlas of China. A digital geomorphologic database was created with visual interpretation from Landsat TM/ETM imageries and SRTM-DEM etc. The atlas compiled from the database was finished. The main characteristics of the atlas are as follows：Firstly,Landsat TM/ETM imageries,published geomorphologic maps or sketches,geographical base maps,digital geological maps,and other thematic maps were collected,which were uniformly geometrically rectified,clipped into uniform sheets,and stored in the foundation database. Secondly,based on the legends of 15 sheets 1：1,000,000 maps published in the 1980s,a geomorphologic classification system was built by combining morphology and genesis types. The system comprised seven hierarchical layers：basic morphology,genesis,sub-genesis,morphology,micro-morphology,slope and aspect,material composition and lithology. These layers were stored in the database during visual image interpretation. About 2000 kinds of morpho-genesis and 300 kinds of morpho-structure were interpreted. Thirdly,the legend system was built,which included color,symbol bases and note bases etc.,compilation standards and procedures were developed,74 sheets of 1：1,000,000 covering all land and sea territories of China were compiled,the 1：1,000,000 geomorphologic atlas of the People＇s Republic of China was finished and published. The atlas will fill the blanks in national basic scale thematic maps,and the geomorphologic database could be applied widely in many fields in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 41771423,41491339,41771423,41491339,41930102,and 41601408,41771423,41930102,41601408,and 41491339].
文摘Landform classification,which is a key topic of geography,is of great significance to a wide range of fields including human construction,geological structure research,environmental governance,etc.Previous studies of landform classification generally paid attention to the topographic or texture information,whilst the watershed spatial structure has not been used.This study developed a new landform classification method based on watershed geospatial structure.Via abstracting the landform into the internal and marginal structure,we adopted the gully weighted complex network(GWCN)and watershed boundary profile(WBP)to simulate the watershed geospatial structure.Introducing various indices to quantitatively depict the watershed geospatial structure,we conducted the landform classification on the Northern Shaanxi of Loess Plateau with a watershed-based strategy and established the classification map.The classified landform distribution has significant spatial aggregation and clear regional boundaries.Classification accuracy reached 89%and the kappa coefficient reached 0.87%.Besides,the proposed method has a positive response to some similar and complex landforms.In general,the present study first utilized the watershed geospatial structure to conduct landform classification and is an efficient landform classification method with well accuracy and universality,offering additional insights for landform classification and mapping.
