Evolutionary biologists have a long-standing interest in how acoustic signals in animals vary geographically,because divergent ecology and sensory perception play an important role in speciation.Geographic comparisons...Evolutionary biologists have a long-standing interest in how acoustic signals in animals vary geographically,because divergent ecology and sensory perception play an important role in speciation.Geographic comparisons are valuable in determining the factors that influence divergence of acoustic signals.Bats are social mammals and they depend mainly on echolocation pulses to locate prey,to navigate and to communicate.Mounting evidence shows that geographic variation of bat echolocation pulses is common,with a mean 5-10 kHz differences in peak frequency,and a high level of individual variation may be nested in this geographical variation.However,understanding the geographic variation of echolocation pulses in bats is very difficult,because of differences in sample and statistical analysis techniques as well as the variety of factors shaping the vocal geographic evolution.Geographic differences in echolocation pulses of bats generally lack latitudinal,longitudinal and elevational patterns,and little is known about vocal dialects.Evidence is accumulating to support the fact that geographic variation in echolocation pulses of bats may be caused by genetic drift,cultural drift,ecological selection,sexual selection and social selection.Future studies could relate geographic differences in echolocation pulses to social adaptation,vocal learning strategies and patterns of dispersal.In addition,new statistical techniques and acoustic playback experiments may help to illustrate the causes and consequences of the geographic evolution of echolocation pulse in bats.展开更多
Ecosystem health(EH)assessment is vital for understanding and improving the state of ecosystems.Analyzing the geographical and temporal evolution and predicting future EH trends under land-use changes deepens our unde...Ecosystem health(EH)assessment is vital for understanding and improving the state of ecosystems.Analyzing the geographical and temporal evolution and predicting future EH trends under land-use changes deepens our understanding of regional ecosystem dynamics.This method offers valuable insights for managing and sustaining ecosystems,highlighting the importance of incorporating land-use changes in EH assessments.In this study,the CA-Markov model is used to predict future vegetation and land use in 2030.Additionally,it utilizes the vigor–organization–resilience(VOR)framework to evaluate the current and future health of the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau(QXP)ecosystem.The analysis is based on vegetation and land-use data from 1980 to 2020.展开更多
基金We are grateful to Joseph R.Hoyt for improving the English language in the present paper.This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31030011,31100280,31470457)the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20110043120015).
文摘Evolutionary biologists have a long-standing interest in how acoustic signals in animals vary geographically,because divergent ecology and sensory perception play an important role in speciation.Geographic comparisons are valuable in determining the factors that influence divergence of acoustic signals.Bats are social mammals and they depend mainly on echolocation pulses to locate prey,to navigate and to communicate.Mounting evidence shows that geographic variation of bat echolocation pulses is common,with a mean 5-10 kHz differences in peak frequency,and a high level of individual variation may be nested in this geographical variation.However,understanding the geographic variation of echolocation pulses in bats is very difficult,because of differences in sample and statistical analysis techniques as well as the variety of factors shaping the vocal geographic evolution.Geographic differences in echolocation pulses of bats generally lack latitudinal,longitudinal and elevational patterns,and little is known about vocal dialects.Evidence is accumulating to support the fact that geographic variation in echolocation pulses of bats may be caused by genetic drift,cultural drift,ecological selection,sexual selection and social selection.Future studies could relate geographic differences in echolocation pulses to social adaptation,vocal learning strategies and patterns of dispersal.In addition,new statistical techniques and acoustic playback experiments may help to illustrate the causes and consequences of the geographic evolution of echolocation pulse in bats.
基金supported by the Second TP Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(grant number 2019QZKK0608)
文摘Ecosystem health(EH)assessment is vital for understanding and improving the state of ecosystems.Analyzing the geographical and temporal evolution and predicting future EH trends under land-use changes deepens our understanding of regional ecosystem dynamics.This method offers valuable insights for managing and sustaining ecosystems,highlighting the importance of incorporating land-use changes in EH assessments.In this study,the CA-Markov model is used to predict future vegetation and land use in 2030.Additionally,it utilizes the vigor–organization–resilience(VOR)framework to evaluate the current and future health of the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau(QXP)ecosystem.The analysis is based on vegetation and land-use data from 1980 to 2020.
