To study actions of the genes associated with tight junction, adherent junction, focal adhesion, and gap junction during liver regeneration （LR）, these genes were obtained by collecting data from databases and thesi...To study actions of the genes associated with tight junction, adherent junction, focal adhesion, and gap junction during liver regeneration （LR）, these genes were obtained by collecting data from databases and thesis, and their expression profiles in rat regenerating liver were detected employing Rat Genome 230 2.0 array. Next the LR-associated genes were identified by comparing the difference between sham operation （SO） and partial hepatectomy （PH） groups. 79, 53, 109, 53 genes involved in the above four junctions were found to be LR-associated. The initial and total expression numbers of these genes occurring in the initial phase of LR, G0/G1, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and structure-functional rebuilding were 124, 43, 122, 10, and 249, 145, 957, 306, respectively, illustrating that genes were initi^ly expressed mainly in the initiation stage, and functioned in different phases. Up-regulation-and down-regulation to a total of 972 and 540 times, as well as, 41 types of expression patterns showed that the physiological and biochemical activities were diverse and complicated in LR. According to the data, there was an increase in the forepart and prophase, but a decrease in late-metaphase and anaphase for gap junction assembly. Focal adhesion formation displayed an enhancement in forepart, prophase, and anaphase; and formation of tight junctions and adherent junctions last throughout the LR.展开更多
The neural regeneration process is driven by a wide range of molecules and pathways. Adherens junctions are critical cellular junctions for the integrity of peripheral nerves. However, few studies have systematically ...The neural regeneration process is driven by a wide range of molecules and pathways. Adherens junctions are critical cellular junctions for the integrity of peripheral nerves. However, few studies have systematically characterized the transcript changes in the adherens junction pathway following injury. In this study, a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury was established by forceps. Deep sequencing data were analyzed using comprehensive transcriptome analysis at 0, 1, 4, 7, and 14 days after injury. Results showed that most individual molecules in the adherens junctions were either upregulated or downregulated after nerve injury. The m RNA expression of ARPC1 B, ARPC3, TUBA8, TUBA1 C, CTNNA2, ACTN3, MET, HGF, NME1 and ARF6, which are involved in the adherens junction pathway and in remodeling of adherens junctions, was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Most of these genes were upregulated in the sciatic nerve stump following peripheral nerve injury, except for CTNNA2, which was downregulated. Our findings reveal the dynamic changes of key molecules in adherens junctions and in remodeling of adherens junctions. These key genes provide a reference for the selection of clinical therapeutic targets for peripheral nerve injury.展开更多
[Objective] This study was performed to screen functional genes related to the fertility conversion of thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） lines of Brassica juncea L. [Method] A B. juncea TGMS line K121S was ...[Objective] This study was performed to screen functional genes related to the fertility conversion of thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） lines of Brassica juncea L. [Method] A B. juncea TGMS line K121S was selected as the experimental material. The total RNAs were isolated from fertile and sterile pollens at different development stages, including mother cell stage, tetrad stage, tricellular pollen stage and maturity stage. DDRT-PCR was carried out to identify differentially expressed genes. [Result] A total of 44 differentially expressed cDNA fragments were identified with Dot blot. And seven candidate genes related to fertility conversion of K121S were screened out by BLASTN, including callose synthase gene, aldehyde dehydrogenase gene and RNA polymerase I transcription factor RRN3 gene which were differentially expressed at the transcriptional level, H＇-ATPase gene, fructose diphosphate aldolase -class I gene, teucine-rich repeat receptor-Jike serine/threonine- protein kinase gene and alkaline/neutral invertase gene, which were differentially expressed at the post-transcriptional level. [Conclusion] The results of this study will help to explain the molecular mechanism of thermo-sensitive genic male sterility of B. juncea.展开更多
Anthocyanins confer the wide range of colors for plants and also play beneficial health roles as potentially protective factors against heart disease and cancer. Brassica juncea is cultivated as an edible oil resource...Anthocyanins confer the wide range of colors for plants and also play beneficial health roles as potentially protective factors against heart disease and cancer. Brassica juncea is cultivated as an edible oil resource and vegetable crop worldwide, thus elucidating the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway would be helpful to improve the nutritional quality of Brassica juncea through the breeding and cultivating of high anthocyanin content varieties. Herein, 129 genes in B. juncea were identified as orthologs of 41 anthocyanin biosynthetic genes(ABGs) in Arabidopsis thaliana by comparative genomic analyses. The B. juncea ABGs have expanded by whole genome triplication and subsequent allopolyploidizatoin, but lost mainly during the whole genome triplication between B. rapa/B. nigra and A. thaliana, rather than the allopolyploidization process between B. juncea and B. rapa/B. nigra, leading to different copy numbers retention of A. thaliana homologous genes. Although the overall expansion levels ABGs were similar to the whole genome, more negative regulatory genes were retained in the anthocyanin biosynthesis regulatory system. Transcriptional analysis of B. juncea with different anthocyanin accumulation showed that BjDFR, BjTT19, BjTT8 are significantly up-regulated in plants with purple leaves as compared with green leaves. The overexpression of BjTT8 and these target genes which were involved in late anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport might account for increasing levels of anthocyanin accumulation in purple leaves. Our results could promote the understanding of the genetic mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in B. juncea.展开更多
AIM To investigate the significance andmechanism of cx32 mRNA,cx43 mRNA and theirproteins in hepatocarcinogenesis.METHODS Sixty-one cases of HCC and 14cases of normal liver tissues were detected byimmunohistochemical ...AIM To investigate the significance andmechanism of cx32 mRNA,cx43 mRNA and theirproteins in hepatocarcinogenesis.METHODS Sixty-one cases of HCC and 14cases of normal liver tissues were detected byimmunohistochemical and in situ hybridization(ISH)methods.RESULTS In HCC grades Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and normalliver tissues,the positive rates of Cx32 proteinwere 55.6%,42.1%,18.2% and 92.9%,respectively.The detection rates of Cx43 proteinwere 44.4%,26.3%,12.1% and 78.6%,respectively.There was significant difference inCx32 and Cx43 protein between HCC and normalliver tissues(P【0.01).ISH the positive rates ofcx32 mRNA shown by ISH in HCC grades Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and normal liver tissues were 88.9%,84.2%,87.9% and 92.9%,respectively.Those of cx43mRNA were 77.8%,78.6%,78.8% and 85.7%,respectively.There was no statistical differencein the positive rates of cx32 mRNA and cx43mRNA between HCC and normal liver tissue(P】0.05).CONCLUSION The aberrant location of Cx32and Cx43 proteins could be responsible forprogression of hepatocarcinogenesis,and thedefect of cx genes in post-translationalprocessing might be the possible mechanism.展开更多
Neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis are critical steps for functional recovery following ischemic stroke.Damaged axons of the central nervous system in adult mammals exhibit limited regenerative capacity,resulting in...Neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis are critical steps for functional recovery following ischemic stroke.Damaged axons of the central nervous system in adult mammals exhibit limited regenerative capacity,resulting in enduring neurological deficits.Recent findings from our research indicate that inhibition of Rho-associated kinase(ROCK)2 facilitates neuroprotection in different models of central nervous system diseases.In addition,our prior studies have demonstrated that axonal protection enhances the regeneration of injured axons.However,it remains unclear whether the axonal protection mediated by ROCK2 inhibition also facilitates synaptogenesis.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of inhibiting ROCK2 expression on synaptogenesis and neurogenesis in ischemic stroke using an shRNA-expressing adeno-associated virus(AAV)vector(AAV-sh.ROCK2).We demonstrated that AAV-sh.ROCK2 increased neurite outgrowth and facilitated synaptogenesis in vivo.Furthermore,AAV-sh.ROCK2 increased neuronal survival and promoted neurogenesis following middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery as well as long-term motor functional recovery after ischemia/reperfusion injury.Notably,AAV-sh.ROCK2 also stimulated serotonergic and dopaminergic axon sprouting after ischemia/reperfusion injury.Mechanistically,AAV-sh.ROCK2 activity resulted in increased anti-collapsin response mediator protein 2 activation and reductions in RhoA and ROCK2 expression.Our study identified ROCK2 as a critical regulator of synaptogenesis and neurogenesis,highlighting it as a promising target to facilitate neuroprotection and regeneration in ischemic stroke.展开更多
A recently published study(Xin et al.,Prog Biochem Biophys,2026,53(2):431-441.DOI:10.3724/j.pibb.2025.0508)addresses the therapeutic challenges of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)by innovatively developing an or...A recently published study(Xin et al.,Prog Biochem Biophys,2026,53(2):431-441.DOI:10.3724/j.pibb.2025.0508)addresses the therapeutic challenges of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)by innovatively developing an orally administered nanogene delivery system.Designed to achieve in situ,efficient delivery of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)genes to tumor sites,this approach offers a novel strategy for CAR-macrophage(CAR-M)based immunotherapy.Its key highlights are as follows.展开更多
Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) are recognized as a primary threat to the sustainability of environment and human health in the 21^(st) century.Nanomaterials(NMs) have attracted substantial attention due to their un...Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) are recognized as a primary threat to the sustainability of environment and human health in the 21^(st) century.Nanomaterials(NMs) have attracted substantial attention due to their unique dimensions and structures.Unfortunately,emerging evidence suggests that NMs may facilitate the transmission of ARGs.It is crucial to elucidate how NMs affect the evolution and dissemination of ARGs.The current review comprehensively examines the role of NMs in the widespread transmission of ARGs in aquatic environments and the underlying mechanisms involved in the process.It aims to clarify the effects and mechanisms of NMs on the horizontal gene transfer processes that are associated with ARGs,including the enhancement of cell membrane permeability,the formation of nanopores on membranes,promotion of mutagenesis,and the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROSs).Furthermore,the trade-off between the removal of ARGs and horizontal transfer has been elucidated.The review aspires to guide future research directions,advance knowledge on the implications of NMs in the field of ARGs' transmission,and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of safer and more effective applications of NMs.展开更多
AIM:To identify key genes and inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of Hedysarum polybotrys polysaccharide(HPS)in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis(EIU).METHODS:EIU was induc...AIM:To identify key genes and inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of Hedysarum polybotrys polysaccharide(HPS)in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis(EIU).METHODS:EIU was induced in Wistar rats through subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS,200μg)and the rats were then randomly assigned to EIU group(n=5)and the HPS intervention group(n=5).HPS(400 mg/kg,intraperitoneally)or its carrier was administered 24h and 1h prior to EIU induction.Eyes were examined and enucleated 24h post-induction,and total RNA was extracted from the iris-ciliary body.Gene expression microarrays were used to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs),followed by bioinformatics analyses,including gene ontology(GO)and pathway analysis.Key findings were not experimentally validated at the mRNA or protein level.RESULTS:A total of 322 DEGs were identified,comprising 254 mRNA and 68 lncRNA genes.GO analysis revealed significant functional categories,including response to LPS.Pathway analysis identified key signaling pathways involved in uveitis,such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions.Notably,16 mRNA and 7 lncRNA DEGs emerged as central nodes in the gene correlation network.CONCLUSION:HPS exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through coordinated signaling pathways,offering insights into potential therapeutic targets for managing uveitis.展开更多
Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural pro...Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural products,thereby endangering human health.Extensive studies on Aspergillus fungi have been conducted on growth and development,aflatoxin biosynthesis,and their interactions with environment.Here,we summarized a series of functional genes of the main Aspergillus fungi relative to toxins occurrence in foods,which revealed the signal transduction mechanisms of their involvement in growth and development,toxin production,and response to light,anticipating providing theoretical guidance on developing control and prevention technologies for mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products to ensure food safety.展开更多
Catalpa bungei,a fast-growing timber tree,is threatened by the lepidopteran pest Omphisa plagialis.Previous studies in our laboratory successfully generated transgenic C.bungei lines overexpressing Cry genes(Cry1Ab,Cr...Catalpa bungei,a fast-growing timber tree,is threatened by the lepidopteran pest Omphisa plagialis.Previous studies in our laboratory successfully generated transgenic C.bungei lines overexpressing Cry genes(Cry1Ab,Cry2A,and Cry9-2)that exhibited resistance to O.plagialis,but their potential impact on soil bacterial communities remains unclear.In this study,we analyzed nine transgenic C.bungei lines(three independent lines for each Cry gene)to characterize their rhizosphere bacterial communities using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal DNA(rDNA)V4-V5 regions.A total of 628 amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)were shared among all transgenic and wild-type(WT)lines,forming a stable core microbiome dominated by Proteobacteria,Bacteroidota,Acidobacteriota,and Actinobacteriota.Alpha diversity showed no significant differences,while beta diversity revealed minor but distinct compositional shifts.Cry1Ab lines exhibited higher abundances of fast-growing taxa,particularly Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota;Cry2A lines displayed intermediate profiles,whereas Cry9-2 lines were nearly indistinguishable from WT communities.Linear discriminant analysis of the effect size revealed significant enrichment of taxa such as Burkholderiaceae and Ralstonia in the Cry1Ab rhizosphere,in contrast to the higher abundance of Chloroflexi in the WT.Functional predictions indicated consistent metabolic pathways across all treatments,suggesting strong ecological redundancy.This study demonstrates minimal impact on rhizosphere microbial communities in transgenic C.bungei plants.The Cry9-2 construct exhibited superior environmental stability,whereas the Cry1Ab construct caused only slight but ecologically acceptable shifts.These findings support the ecological safety of Bt-transgenic C.bungei and identify Cry9-2 as a particularly favorable candidate for forestry applications.This comparative evaluation of three Cry genes in a tree species provides a framework for future gene-specific biosafety assessments in woody plants.展开更多
As a large family of RNA helicases,DEAD-box(DDX)RNA helicases play crucial roles in almost all cellular RNA processing activities.However,the role of the DDX gene family in cold tolerance of mei(Prunus mume)remains un...As a large family of RNA helicases,DEAD-box(DDX)RNA helicases play crucial roles in almost all cellular RNA processing activities.However,the role of the DDX gene family in cold tolerance of mei(Prunus mume)remains unclear.In this study,we identified 45 DDX genes through whole-genome analysis unevenly distributed across eight chromosomes and scaffolds of mei.Based on the phylogenetic tree and gene structure analysis,the DDX genes were classified into nine subfamilies based on their motif compositions and intron-exon structures.The results of synteny analysis showed that segmental duplication was considered a major factor contributing to the amplification of the PmDDX family.RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR results revealed differential expression of PmDDX genes under cold stress.Among these,PmDDX39 was significantly up-regulated under cold stress,suggesting its positive role in modulating mei cold tolerance.We found that silenced PmDDX39 under cold stress led to greater damage than the wild seedlings via virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS).Conversely,overexpression of PmDDX39 in Arabidopsis enhanced cold stress tolerance.Moreover,dual luciferase and yeast one-hybrid(Y1H)demonstrated that PmDDX39 directly activates the expression of the C-repeat binding factor(PmCBFf)by binding to its promoters.This study provides new insights into the structure,evolution,and functional role of the PmDDX gene family in mei responses to cold stress.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Ischemia/reperfusion is the main cause of hepatic damage in liver transplantation.Immediate early genes(IEGs)encode proteins can regulate expression of cellular response genes after injury,and is associated...BACKGROUND:Ischemia/reperfusion is the main cause of hepatic damage in liver transplantation.Immediate early genes(IEGs)encode proteins can regulate expression of cellular response genes after injury,and is associated with tissue repair and cell apoptosis.The purpose of this re-search was to investigate the effects of preconditioning on expression of immediate early genes c-fos and c-jun follow-ing hepatic ischemia/reperfusion(IR)and its roles in cellu-lar regeneration and apoptosis.METHODS:Ninety-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into IR group and hepatic ischemic preconditioning(IPC)group,and each group was further divided into eight sub-groups(n=6).The model of partial liver ischemia/reper-fusion was used.The rats were subjected to 60-minute liver ischemia,preceded by 10-minute preconditioning.After 0-,0.5-,1-,2-,4-,8-,12-,24-hour reperfusion,the se-rum and liver tissue in each group were collected to detect the level of serum ALT/AST,liver histopathology,expres-sion of c-fos,and c-jun mRNA.Flow cytometer was used to detect Ki67 and Sub-G1 as the quantity indicators of cell regeneration and apoptosis respectively.RESULTS:Compared with IR group,IPC group showed a significantly lower ALT/AST level in 0.5-hour sub-group to 8-hour sub-group(P<0.05).Ki67 elevated significantly at 0.5,1,2 hours,but decreased significantly at 24 hours(P<0.05).Ap index decreased significantly after 1-hour reperfusion(P<0.05).Expressions of c-fos and c-jun mR-NA were low,especially c-jun at 0.5,1 and 2 hours after reperfusion.CONCLUSION:Ischemic preconditioning can protect liver cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury,and this protec-tive effect may be related to influence transcription levels of c-fos and c-jun.展开更多
Researchers from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,with collaborators,identified two sorghum genes(SbSLT1 and SbSLT2)that block Striga-a parasitic plant,also k...Researchers from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,with collaborators,identified two sorghum genes(SbSLT1 and SbSLT2)that block Striga-a parasitic plant,also known as“witchweed,”that causes$1.5 billion annual losses in Africa by draining crop nutrients.Published in Cell(February 12,2025),the study shows that these genes regulate strigolactones(SLs).展开更多
Objective To predict the autophagy-related pathogenesis and key diagnostic genes of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)through bioinformatics analysis,and to identify related Chinese medicines.Methods Data from sequencing mi...Objective To predict the autophagy-related pathogenesis and key diagnostic genes of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)through bioinformatics analysis,and to identify related Chinese medicines.Methods Data from sequencing microarrays GSE30528,GSE30529,and GSE1009 in the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)were employed.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)with adjusted P<0.05 from GSE30528 and GSE30529 were identified.Combining these DEGs with the human autophagy gene database,Gene Ontology(GO),Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses,and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis were conducted on the obtained DKD autophagy-related genes.Subsequently,the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression and support vector machinerecursive feature elimination(SVM-RFE)algorithms were adopted to select autophagy-related genes.The diagnostic capability of these genes was assessed through analysis with the external validation set from microarray GSE1009,and relevant Chinese medicines were inversely predicted using the SymMap database.Results A total of 2014 DEGs were selected from GSE30528 and GSE30529,leading to the identification of 37 DKD autophagy-related genes.GO analysis indicated 681 biological mechanisms,including autophagy regulation and plasma membrane microdomain activity.KEGG enrichment analysis identified 112 related signaling pathways.PPI network analysis showed a marked enrichment of autophagy-related genes in DKD.Through LASSO regression and SVM-RFE,four core diagnostic genes for autophagy in DKD were identified:protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15A(PPP1R15A),hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha subunit(HIF1α),deleted in liver cancer 1(DLC1),and ceroid lipofuscinosis neuronal 3(CLN3).The external validation set demonstrated high diagnostic efficiency for these genes.Finally,146 kinds of potential Chinese medicines were predicted using the SymMap database,with heatclearing and detoxifying medicine and blood-activating and stasis-eliminating medicine accounting for the largest proportion(25/146 and 13/146,respectively).Conclusion This study analyzed and validated bioinformatics sequencing databases to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of DKD autophagy and predicted key diagnostic genes,potential therapeutic targets,and related Chinese medicines,laying a solid foundation for clinical research and application.展开更多
Because of the recent widespread usage of antibiotics,the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes(ARGs)were prevalent in the majority of habitats.Generally,the biological wastewater treatment proc...Because of the recent widespread usage of antibiotics,the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes(ARGs)were prevalent in the majority of habitats.Generally,the biological wastewater treatment processes used in wastewater treatment plants have a limited efficiencies of antibiotics resistant bacteria(ARB)disinfection and ARGs degradation and even promote the proliferation of ARGs.Problematically,ARB and ARGs in effluent pose potential risks if they are not further treated.Photocatalytic oxidation is considered a promising disinfection technology,where the photocatalytic process generates many free radicals that enhance the interaction between light and deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)for ARB elimination and subsequent degradation of ARGs.This reviewaims to illustrate the progress of photocatalytic oxidation technology for removing antibiotics resistant(AR)from wastewater in recent years.We discuss the sources and transfer of ARGs in wastewater.The overall removal efficiencies of ultraviolet radiation(UV)/chlorination,UV/ozone,UV/H_(2)O_(2),and UV/sulfate-radical based system for ARB and ARGs,as well as the experimental parameters and removal mechanisms,are systematically discussed.The contribution of photocatalytic materials based on TiO_(2) and g-C_(3)N_(4) to the inactivation of ARB and degradation of ARGs is highlighted,producingmany free radicals to attack ARB and ARGs while effectively limiting the horizontal gene transfer(HGT)in wastewater.Finally,based on the reviewed studies,future research directions are proposed to realize specific photocatalytic oxidation technology applications and overcome current challenges.展开更多
Reductive soil disinfestation(RSD)is commonly employed for soil remediation in greenhouse cultivation.However,its influence on antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in soil remains uncertain.This study investigated the dyn...Reductive soil disinfestation(RSD)is commonly employed for soil remediation in greenhouse cultivation.However,its influence on antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in soil remains uncertain.This study investigated the dynamic changes in soil communities,potential bacterial pathogens,and ARG profiles under various organicmaterial treatments during RSD,including distillers’grains,potato peel,peanut vine,and peanut vine combined with charcoal.Results revealed that applying diverse organic materials in RSD significantly altered bacterial community composition and diminished the relative abundance of potential bacterial pathogens(P<0.05).The relative abundance of high-risk ARGs decreased by 10.7%-30.6%after RSD treatments,the main decreased ARG subtypeswere AAC(3)_Via,dfrA1,ErmB,lnuB,aadA.Actinobacteria was the primary host of ARGs and was suppressed by RSD.Soil physicochemical properties,such as total nitrogen,soil pH,total carbon,were crucial factors affecting ARG profiles.Our findings demonstrated that RSD treatment inhibited pathogenic bacteria and could be an option for reducing high-risk ARG proliferation in soil.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is an incurable disease of the digestive system;however,the therapeutic methods for IBD remain limited.The pathogenesis of IBD was systematically discussed and compared in this paper,pri...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is an incurable disease of the digestive system;however,the therapeutic methods for IBD remain limited.The pathogenesis of IBD was systematically discussed and compared in this paper,primarily comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.This paper focused on six common aspects:(1)Dysregulated immune responses;(2)Gene function changes;(3)Intestinal microbes disorder and imbalance;(4)Microbial infections;(5)Associations between IBD and other inflammatory diseases;and(6)Other factors.In addition,the pathogenesis differences between these two forms of IBD were unraveled and clearly distinguished.These unique aspects of pathogenesis provide crucial insights for the precise treatment of both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.This paper illustrates the root causes and beneficial factors of resistance to IBD,which provides novel insights on early prevention,development of new therapeutic agents,and treatment options of this disease.展开更多
The effects of disinfectants and plasmid-based antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)on the growth of microorganisms and the plasmid-mediated transfer of ARGs in the water and biofilm of the drinkingwater distribution syst...The effects of disinfectants and plasmid-based antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)on the growth of microorganisms and the plasmid-mediated transfer of ARGs in the water and biofilm of the drinkingwater distribution system under simulated conditionswere explored.The heterotrophic plate count of the water in reactors with 0.1 mg/L NaClO and NH_(2)Cl was higher than in the control groups.Therewas no similar phenomenon in biofilm.In thewater of reactors containing NaClO,the aphA and bla geneswere lower than in the antibiotic resistant bacteria group,while both genes were higher in the water of reactors with NH_(2)Cl than in the control group.Chloramine may promote the transfer of ARGs in the water phase.Both genes in the biofilm of the reactors containing chlorine were lower than the control group.Correlation analysis between ARGs and water quality parameters revealed that the copy numbers of the aphA gene were significantly positively correlated with the copy numbers of the bla gene in water and significantly negatively correlated in biofilm(p<0.05).The results of the sequencing assay showed that bacteria in the biofilm,in the presence of disinfectant,were primarily Gram-negative.1.0 mg/L chlorine decreased the diversity of the community in the biofilm.The relative abundance of some bacteria that may undergo transfer increased in the biofilm of the reactor containing 0.1 mg/L chlorine.展开更多
Expression of rol genes from Ri plasmid of Agrobacterium rhizogenes not only leads to the excessive formation of adventitious roots, but also exhibits various genetically modified characteristics that have bro...Expression of rol genes from Ri plasmid of Agrobacterium rhizogenes not only leads to the excessive formation of adventitious roots, but also exhibits various genetically modified characteristics that have broad prospects for the application of plant genetic improvement. Since the 1980s of the last century, much progress has been made in the studies of A. rhizogenes, in particular the agropine type Ri plasmid rol genes and their applications for plant genetic improvement, which involves the structure and function of Ri plasmid, the characters of rol genes, the influence of rol genes expression on plants growth and development, and the applications of rol genes for genetic improvement of forest tree. In this paper, the advances in this field are reviewed and the existing problems about the application of rol genes for genetic improvement of forest tree are also discussed.展开更多
基金the National Basic Research 973 Pre-research Program of China (No. 2006CB708506).
文摘To study actions of the genes associated with tight junction, adherent junction, focal adhesion, and gap junction during liver regeneration （LR）, these genes were obtained by collecting data from databases and thesis, and their expression profiles in rat regenerating liver were detected employing Rat Genome 230 2.0 array. Next the LR-associated genes were identified by comparing the difference between sham operation （SO） and partial hepatectomy （PH） groups. 79, 53, 109, 53 genes involved in the above four junctions were found to be LR-associated. The initial and total expression numbers of these genes occurring in the initial phase of LR, G0/G1, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and structure-functional rebuilding were 124, 43, 122, 10, and 249, 145, 957, 306, respectively, illustrating that genes were initi^ly expressed mainly in the initiation stage, and functioned in different phases. Up-regulation-and down-regulation to a total of 972 and 540 times, as well as, 41 types of expression patterns showed that the physiological and biochemical activities were diverse and complicated in LR. According to the data, there was an increase in the forepart and prophase, but a decrease in late-metaphase and anaphase for gap junction assembly. Focal adhesion formation displayed an enhancement in forepart, prophase, and anaphase; and formation of tight junctions and adherent junctions last throughout the LR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31700926the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China
文摘The neural regeneration process is driven by a wide range of molecules and pathways. Adherens junctions are critical cellular junctions for the integrity of peripheral nerves. However, few studies have systematically characterized the transcript changes in the adherens junction pathway following injury. In this study, a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury was established by forceps. Deep sequencing data were analyzed using comprehensive transcriptome analysis at 0, 1, 4, 7, and 14 days after injury. Results showed that most individual molecules in the adherens junctions were either upregulated or downregulated after nerve injury. The m RNA expression of ARPC1 B, ARPC3, TUBA8, TUBA1 C, CTNNA2, ACTN3, MET, HGF, NME1 and ARF6, which are involved in the adherens junction pathway and in remodeling of adherens junctions, was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Most of these genes were upregulated in the sciatic nerve stump following peripheral nerve injury, except for CTNNA2, which was downregulated. Our findings reveal the dynamic changes of key molecules in adherens junctions and in remodeling of adherens junctions. These key genes provide a reference for the selection of clinical therapeutic targets for peripheral nerve injury.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31160289)Rapeseed Industry Construction Program of Department of Agriculture of Yunnan ProvinceFund for Workstation of Academician Guan Chunyun from Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province~~
文摘[Objective] This study was performed to screen functional genes related to the fertility conversion of thermo-sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） lines of Brassica juncea L. [Method] A B. juncea TGMS line K121S was selected as the experimental material. The total RNAs were isolated from fertile and sterile pollens at different development stages, including mother cell stage, tetrad stage, tricellular pollen stage and maturity stage. DDRT-PCR was carried out to identify differentially expressed genes. [Result] A total of 44 differentially expressed cDNA fragments were identified with Dot blot. And seven candidate genes related to fertility conversion of K121S were screened out by BLASTN, including callose synthase gene, aldehyde dehydrogenase gene and RNA polymerase I transcription factor RRN3 gene which were differentially expressed at the transcriptional level, H＇-ATPase gene, fructose diphosphate aldolase -class I gene, teucine-rich repeat receptor-Jike serine/threonine- protein kinase gene and alkaline/neutral invertase gene, which were differentially expressed at the post-transcriptional level. [Conclusion] The results of this study will help to explain the molecular mechanism of thermo-sensitive genic male sterility of B. juncea.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100202)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2016JJ1010)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department,China(18C0305,17K035,17C0652,and 17C0653)。
文摘Anthocyanins confer the wide range of colors for plants and also play beneficial health roles as potentially protective factors against heart disease and cancer. Brassica juncea is cultivated as an edible oil resource and vegetable crop worldwide, thus elucidating the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway would be helpful to improve the nutritional quality of Brassica juncea through the breeding and cultivating of high anthocyanin content varieties. Herein, 129 genes in B. juncea were identified as orthologs of 41 anthocyanin biosynthetic genes(ABGs) in Arabidopsis thaliana by comparative genomic analyses. The B. juncea ABGs have expanded by whole genome triplication and subsequent allopolyploidizatoin, but lost mainly during the whole genome triplication between B. rapa/B. nigra and A. thaliana, rather than the allopolyploidization process between B. juncea and B. rapa/B. nigra, leading to different copy numbers retention of A. thaliana homologous genes. Although the overall expansion levels ABGs were similar to the whole genome, more negative regulatory genes were retained in the anthocyanin biosynthesis regulatory system. Transcriptional analysis of B. juncea with different anthocyanin accumulation showed that BjDFR, BjTT19, BjTT8 are significantly up-regulated in plants with purple leaves as compared with green leaves. The overexpression of BjTT8 and these target genes which were involved in late anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport might account for increasing levels of anthocyanin accumulation in purple leaves. Our results could promote the understanding of the genetic mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in B. juncea.
文摘AIM To investigate the significance andmechanism of cx32 mRNA,cx43 mRNA and theirproteins in hepatocarcinogenesis.METHODS Sixty-one cases of HCC and 14cases of normal liver tissues were detected byimmunohistochemical and in situ hybridization(ISH)methods.RESULTS In HCC grades Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and normalliver tissues,the positive rates of Cx32 proteinwere 55.6%,42.1%,18.2% and 92.9%,respectively.The detection rates of Cx43 proteinwere 44.4%,26.3%,12.1% and 78.6%,respectively.There was significant difference inCx32 and Cx43 protein between HCC and normalliver tissues(P【0.01).ISH the positive rates ofcx32 mRNA shown by ISH in HCC grades Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and normal liver tissues were 88.9%,84.2%,87.9% and 92.9%,respectively.Those of cx43mRNA were 77.8%,78.6%,78.8% and 85.7%,respectively.There was no statistical differencein the positive rates of cx32 mRNA and cx43mRNA between HCC and normal liver tissue(P】0.05).CONCLUSION The aberrant location of Cx32and Cx43 proteins could be responsible forprogression of hepatocarcinogenesis,and thedefect of cx genes in post-translationalprocessing might be the possible mechanism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82471327the Natural Science Foundation of ShandongProvince,No.ZR2024MH200(both to SL).
文摘Neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis are critical steps for functional recovery following ischemic stroke.Damaged axons of the central nervous system in adult mammals exhibit limited regenerative capacity,resulting in enduring neurological deficits.Recent findings from our research indicate that inhibition of Rho-associated kinase(ROCK)2 facilitates neuroprotection in different models of central nervous system diseases.In addition,our prior studies have demonstrated that axonal protection enhances the regeneration of injured axons.However,it remains unclear whether the axonal protection mediated by ROCK2 inhibition also facilitates synaptogenesis.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of inhibiting ROCK2 expression on synaptogenesis and neurogenesis in ischemic stroke using an shRNA-expressing adeno-associated virus(AAV)vector(AAV-sh.ROCK2).We demonstrated that AAV-sh.ROCK2 increased neurite outgrowth and facilitated synaptogenesis in vivo.Furthermore,AAV-sh.ROCK2 increased neuronal survival and promoted neurogenesis following middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery as well as long-term motor functional recovery after ischemia/reperfusion injury.Notably,AAV-sh.ROCK2 also stimulated serotonergic and dopaminergic axon sprouting after ischemia/reperfusion injury.Mechanistically,AAV-sh.ROCK2 activity resulted in increased anti-collapsin response mediator protein 2 activation and reductions in RhoA and ROCK2 expression.Our study identified ROCK2 as a critical regulator of synaptogenesis and neurogenesis,highlighting it as a promising target to facilitate neuroprotection and regeneration in ischemic stroke.
文摘A recently published study(Xin et al.,Prog Biochem Biophys,2026,53(2):431-441.DOI:10.3724/j.pibb.2025.0508)addresses the therapeutic challenges of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)by innovatively developing an orally administered nanogene delivery system.Designed to achieve in situ,efficient delivery of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)genes to tumor sites,this approach offers a novel strategy for CAR-macrophage(CAR-M)based immunotherapy.Its key highlights are as follows.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (Harbin Institute of Technology) (No.2022TS13)the key projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.2019YFC0408503)the Key Research Program of Wuhan (No.2022022202015015)。
文摘Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) are recognized as a primary threat to the sustainability of environment and human health in the 21^(st) century.Nanomaterials(NMs) have attracted substantial attention due to their unique dimensions and structures.Unfortunately,emerging evidence suggests that NMs may facilitate the transmission of ARGs.It is crucial to elucidate how NMs affect the evolution and dissemination of ARGs.The current review comprehensively examines the role of NMs in the widespread transmission of ARGs in aquatic environments and the underlying mechanisms involved in the process.It aims to clarify the effects and mechanisms of NMs on the horizontal gene transfer processes that are associated with ARGs,including the enhancement of cell membrane permeability,the formation of nanopores on membranes,promotion of mutagenesis,and the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROSs).Furthermore,the trade-off between the removal of ARGs and horizontal transfer has been elucidated.The review aspires to guide future research directions,advance knowledge on the implications of NMs in the field of ARGs' transmission,and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of safer and more effective applications of NMs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China(No.82101107No.81471575).
文摘AIM:To identify key genes and inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of Hedysarum polybotrys polysaccharide(HPS)in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis(EIU).METHODS:EIU was induced in Wistar rats through subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS,200μg)and the rats were then randomly assigned to EIU group(n=5)and the HPS intervention group(n=5).HPS(400 mg/kg,intraperitoneally)or its carrier was administered 24h and 1h prior to EIU induction.Eyes were examined and enucleated 24h post-induction,and total RNA was extracted from the iris-ciliary body.Gene expression microarrays were used to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs),followed by bioinformatics analyses,including gene ontology(GO)and pathway analysis.Key findings were not experimentally validated at the mRNA or protein level.RESULTS:A total of 322 DEGs were identified,comprising 254 mRNA and 68 lncRNA genes.GO analysis revealed significant functional categories,including response to LPS.Pathway analysis identified key signaling pathways involved in uveitis,such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions.Notably,16 mRNA and 7 lncRNA DEGs emerged as central nodes in the gene correlation network.CONCLUSION:HPS exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through coordinated signaling pathways,offering insights into potential therapeutic targets for managing uveitis.
基金supported by the key project of National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(U22A20551,32030085)the Major Project of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,China(2021hszd015)+2 种基金the Hubei Province Major Science and Technology Special Project,China(2023BBA002)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(U22A20551)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Excellent Youth Fund(32422072)。
文摘Aspergillus species are ubiquitous fungi that produce mycotoxins(secondary metabolites)known as sterigmatocystin and aflatoxins in many different kinds of foods,which leads to serious contamination in agricultural products,thereby endangering human health.Extensive studies on Aspergillus fungi have been conducted on growth and development,aflatoxin biosynthesis,and their interactions with environment.Here,we summarized a series of functional genes of the main Aspergillus fungi relative to toxins occurrence in foods,which revealed the signal transduction mechanisms of their involvement in growth and development,toxin production,and response to light,anticipating providing theoretical guidance on developing control and prevention technologies for mycotoxin contamination in agricultural products to ensure food safety.
基金funded by the Chinese Academy of Forestry-Special funds for basic scientific research service expenses of the central level public welfare research institutes(Grant No.CAFYBB2020QD001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32101550,32271917)+1 种基金Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(Grant No.CX(24)3052)National Forestry and Grassland Administration’s Center for Science and Technology Development Projects(Grant No.KJZXSA202202).
文摘Catalpa bungei,a fast-growing timber tree,is threatened by the lepidopteran pest Omphisa plagialis.Previous studies in our laboratory successfully generated transgenic C.bungei lines overexpressing Cry genes(Cry1Ab,Cry2A,and Cry9-2)that exhibited resistance to O.plagialis,but their potential impact on soil bacterial communities remains unclear.In this study,we analyzed nine transgenic C.bungei lines(three independent lines for each Cry gene)to characterize their rhizosphere bacterial communities using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal DNA(rDNA)V4-V5 regions.A total of 628 amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)were shared among all transgenic and wild-type(WT)lines,forming a stable core microbiome dominated by Proteobacteria,Bacteroidota,Acidobacteriota,and Actinobacteriota.Alpha diversity showed no significant differences,while beta diversity revealed minor but distinct compositional shifts.Cry1Ab lines exhibited higher abundances of fast-growing taxa,particularly Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota;Cry2A lines displayed intermediate profiles,whereas Cry9-2 lines were nearly indistinguishable from WT communities.Linear discriminant analysis of the effect size revealed significant enrichment of taxa such as Burkholderiaceae and Ralstonia in the Cry1Ab rhizosphere,in contrast to the higher abundance of Chloroflexi in the WT.Functional predictions indicated consistent metabolic pathways across all treatments,suggesting strong ecological redundancy.This study demonstrates minimal impact on rhizosphere microbial communities in transgenic C.bungei plants.The Cry9-2 construct exhibited superior environmental stability,whereas the Cry1Ab construct caused only slight but ecologically acceptable shifts.These findings support the ecological safety of Bt-transgenic C.bungei and identify Cry9-2 as a particularly favorable candidate for forestry applications.This comparative evaluation of three Cry genes in a tree species provides a framework for future gene-specific biosafety assessments in woody plants.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.QNTD202503)Forestry and Grassland Science and Technology Innovation Youth Top Talent Project of China(Grant No.2020132608)Beijing High-Precision Discipline Project,Discipline of Ecological Environment of Urban and Rural Human Settlements.
文摘As a large family of RNA helicases,DEAD-box(DDX)RNA helicases play crucial roles in almost all cellular RNA processing activities.However,the role of the DDX gene family in cold tolerance of mei(Prunus mume)remains unclear.In this study,we identified 45 DDX genes through whole-genome analysis unevenly distributed across eight chromosomes and scaffolds of mei.Based on the phylogenetic tree and gene structure analysis,the DDX genes were classified into nine subfamilies based on their motif compositions and intron-exon structures.The results of synteny analysis showed that segmental duplication was considered a major factor contributing to the amplification of the PmDDX family.RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR results revealed differential expression of PmDDX genes under cold stress.Among these,PmDDX39 was significantly up-regulated under cold stress,suggesting its positive role in modulating mei cold tolerance.We found that silenced PmDDX39 under cold stress led to greater damage than the wild seedlings via virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS).Conversely,overexpression of PmDDX39 in Arabidopsis enhanced cold stress tolerance.Moreover,dual luciferase and yeast one-hybrid(Y1H)demonstrated that PmDDX39 directly activates the expression of the C-repeat binding factor(PmCBFf)by binding to its promoters.This study provides new insights into the structure,evolution,and functional role of the PmDDX gene family in mei responses to cold stress.
文摘BACKGROUND:Ischemia/reperfusion is the main cause of hepatic damage in liver transplantation.Immediate early genes(IEGs)encode proteins can regulate expression of cellular response genes after injury,and is associated with tissue repair and cell apoptosis.The purpose of this re-search was to investigate the effects of preconditioning on expression of immediate early genes c-fos and c-jun follow-ing hepatic ischemia/reperfusion(IR)and its roles in cellu-lar regeneration and apoptosis.METHODS:Ninety-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into IR group and hepatic ischemic preconditioning(IPC)group,and each group was further divided into eight sub-groups(n=6).The model of partial liver ischemia/reper-fusion was used.The rats were subjected to 60-minute liver ischemia,preceded by 10-minute preconditioning.After 0-,0.5-,1-,2-,4-,8-,12-,24-hour reperfusion,the se-rum and liver tissue in each group were collected to detect the level of serum ALT/AST,liver histopathology,expres-sion of c-fos,and c-jun mRNA.Flow cytometer was used to detect Ki67 and Sub-G1 as the quantity indicators of cell regeneration and apoptosis respectively.RESULTS:Compared with IR group,IPC group showed a significantly lower ALT/AST level in 0.5-hour sub-group to 8-hour sub-group(P<0.05).Ki67 elevated significantly at 0.5,1,2 hours,but decreased significantly at 24 hours(P<0.05).Ap index decreased significantly after 1-hour reperfusion(P<0.05).Expressions of c-fos and c-jun mR-NA were low,especially c-jun at 0.5,1 and 2 hours after reperfusion.CONCLUSION:Ischemic preconditioning can protect liver cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury,and this protec-tive effect may be related to influence transcription levels of c-fos and c-jun.
文摘Researchers from the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,with collaborators,identified two sorghum genes(SbSLT1 and SbSLT2)that block Striga-a parasitic plant,also known as“witchweed,”that causes$1.5 billion annual losses in Africa by draining crop nutrients.Published in Cell(February 12,2025),the study shows that these genes regulate strigolactones(SLs).
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82170747),and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine(20DZ2272200).
文摘Objective To predict the autophagy-related pathogenesis and key diagnostic genes of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)through bioinformatics analysis,and to identify related Chinese medicines.Methods Data from sequencing microarrays GSE30528,GSE30529,and GSE1009 in the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)were employed.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)with adjusted P<0.05 from GSE30528 and GSE30529 were identified.Combining these DEGs with the human autophagy gene database,Gene Ontology(GO),Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses,and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis were conducted on the obtained DKD autophagy-related genes.Subsequently,the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression and support vector machinerecursive feature elimination(SVM-RFE)algorithms were adopted to select autophagy-related genes.The diagnostic capability of these genes was assessed through analysis with the external validation set from microarray GSE1009,and relevant Chinese medicines were inversely predicted using the SymMap database.Results A total of 2014 DEGs were selected from GSE30528 and GSE30529,leading to the identification of 37 DKD autophagy-related genes.GO analysis indicated 681 biological mechanisms,including autophagy regulation and plasma membrane microdomain activity.KEGG enrichment analysis identified 112 related signaling pathways.PPI network analysis showed a marked enrichment of autophagy-related genes in DKD.Through LASSO regression and SVM-RFE,four core diagnostic genes for autophagy in DKD were identified:protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15A(PPP1R15A),hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha subunit(HIF1α),deleted in liver cancer 1(DLC1),and ceroid lipofuscinosis neuronal 3(CLN3).The external validation set demonstrated high diagnostic efficiency for these genes.Finally,146 kinds of potential Chinese medicines were predicted using the SymMap database,with heatclearing and detoxifying medicine and blood-activating and stasis-eliminating medicine accounting for the largest proportion(25/146 and 13/146,respectively).Conclusion This study analyzed and validated bioinformatics sequencing databases to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms of DKD autophagy and predicted key diagnostic genes,potential therapeutic targets,and related Chinese medicines,laying a solid foundation for clinical research and application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52100182 and 52300204)the the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (No.2023RC3122).
文摘Because of the recent widespread usage of antibiotics,the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes(ARGs)were prevalent in the majority of habitats.Generally,the biological wastewater treatment processes used in wastewater treatment plants have a limited efficiencies of antibiotics resistant bacteria(ARB)disinfection and ARGs degradation and even promote the proliferation of ARGs.Problematically,ARB and ARGs in effluent pose potential risks if they are not further treated.Photocatalytic oxidation is considered a promising disinfection technology,where the photocatalytic process generates many free radicals that enhance the interaction between light and deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)for ARB elimination and subsequent degradation of ARGs.This reviewaims to illustrate the progress of photocatalytic oxidation technology for removing antibiotics resistant(AR)from wastewater in recent years.We discuss the sources and transfer of ARGs in wastewater.The overall removal efficiencies of ultraviolet radiation(UV)/chlorination,UV/ozone,UV/H_(2)O_(2),and UV/sulfate-radical based system for ARB and ARGs,as well as the experimental parameters and removal mechanisms,are systematically discussed.The contribution of photocatalytic materials based on TiO_(2) and g-C_(3)N_(4) to the inactivation of ARB and degradation of ARGs is highlighted,producingmany free radicals to attack ARB and ARGs while effectively limiting the horizontal gene transfer(HGT)in wastewater.Finally,based on the reviewed studies,future research directions are proposed to realize specific photocatalytic oxidation technology applications and overcome current challenges.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(No 2021CXGC010803)Pan’an County Chinese Medicine Industry Project(No.PZYF202103).
文摘Reductive soil disinfestation(RSD)is commonly employed for soil remediation in greenhouse cultivation.However,its influence on antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in soil remains uncertain.This study investigated the dynamic changes in soil communities,potential bacterial pathogens,and ARG profiles under various organicmaterial treatments during RSD,including distillers’grains,potato peel,peanut vine,and peanut vine combined with charcoal.Results revealed that applying diverse organic materials in RSD significantly altered bacterial community composition and diminished the relative abundance of potential bacterial pathogens(P<0.05).The relative abundance of high-risk ARGs decreased by 10.7%-30.6%after RSD treatments,the main decreased ARG subtypeswere AAC(3)_Via,dfrA1,ErmB,lnuB,aadA.Actinobacteria was the primary host of ARGs and was suppressed by RSD.Soil physicochemical properties,such as total nitrogen,soil pH,total carbon,were crucial factors affecting ARG profiles.Our findings demonstrated that RSD treatment inhibited pathogenic bacteria and could be an option for reducing high-risk ARG proliferation in soil.
基金Supported by Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission Grant,No.24ZXRKSY00010Program for Innovative Research Team in Peking Union Medical College,CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine,No.2023-I2M-2-008.
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is an incurable disease of the digestive system;however,the therapeutic methods for IBD remain limited.The pathogenesis of IBD was systematically discussed and compared in this paper,primarily comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.This paper focused on six common aspects:(1)Dysregulated immune responses;(2)Gene function changes;(3)Intestinal microbes disorder and imbalance;(4)Microbial infections;(5)Associations between IBD and other inflammatory diseases;and(6)Other factors.In addition,the pathogenesis differences between these two forms of IBD were unraveled and clearly distinguished.These unique aspects of pathogenesis provide crucial insights for the precise treatment of both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.This paper illustrates the root causes and beneficial factors of resistance to IBD,which provides novel insights on early prevention,development of new therapeutic agents,and treatment options of this disease.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52070145,51778453).
文摘The effects of disinfectants and plasmid-based antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)on the growth of microorganisms and the plasmid-mediated transfer of ARGs in the water and biofilm of the drinkingwater distribution system under simulated conditionswere explored.The heterotrophic plate count of the water in reactors with 0.1 mg/L NaClO and NH_(2)Cl was higher than in the control groups.Therewas no similar phenomenon in biofilm.In thewater of reactors containing NaClO,the aphA and bla geneswere lower than in the antibiotic resistant bacteria group,while both genes were higher in the water of reactors with NH_(2)Cl than in the control group.Chloramine may promote the transfer of ARGs in the water phase.Both genes in the biofilm of the reactors containing chlorine were lower than the control group.Correlation analysis between ARGs and water quality parameters revealed that the copy numbers of the aphA gene were significantly positively correlated with the copy numbers of the bla gene in water and significantly negatively correlated in biofilm(p<0.05).The results of the sequencing assay showed that bacteria in the biofilm,in the presence of disinfectant,were primarily Gram-negative.1.0 mg/L chlorine decreased the diversity of the community in the biofilm.The relative abundance of some bacteria that may undergo transfer increased in the biofilm of the reactor containing 0.1 mg/L chlorine.
文摘Expression of rol genes from Ri plasmid of Agrobacterium rhizogenes not only leads to the excessive formation of adventitious roots, but also exhibits various genetically modified characteristics that have broad prospects for the application of plant genetic improvement. Since the 1980s of the last century, much progress has been made in the studies of A. rhizogenes, in particular the agropine type Ri plasmid rol genes and their applications for plant genetic improvement, which involves the structure and function of Ri plasmid, the characters of rol genes, the influence of rol genes expression on plants growth and development, and the applications of rol genes for genetic improvement of forest tree. In this paper, the advances in this field are reviewed and the existing problems about the application of rol genes for genetic improvement of forest tree are also discussed.
