High entropy materials(HEMs)are the promising electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane electrolyser(AEMs)and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to the intriguing cocktail effect,wide design space,tailo...High entropy materials(HEMs)are the promising electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane electrolyser(AEMs)and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to the intriguing cocktail effect,wide design space,tailorable electronic structure,and entropy stabilization effect.The precise fabrication of HEMs with functional nanostructures provides a crucial avenue to optimize the adsorption strength and catalytic activity for electrocatalysis.This review comprehensively summarizes the development of HEMs,focusing on the principles and strategies of structural design,and the catalytic mechanism towards hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction for the development of high-performance electrocatalysts.The complexity inherent in the interactions between different elements,the changes in the d-band center and the Gibbs free energies during the catalytic progress,as well as the coordination environment of the active sites associated with the unique crystal structure to improve the catalytic performance are discussed.We also provide a perspective on the challenges and future development direction of HEMs in electrocatalysis.This review will contribute to the design and development of HEMs-based catalysts for the next generation of electrochemical applications.展开更多
Flash Joule heating(FJH),as a high-efficiency and low-energy consumption technology for advanced materials synthesis,has shown significant potential in the synthesis of graphene and other functional carbon materials.B...Flash Joule heating(FJH),as a high-efficiency and low-energy consumption technology for advanced materials synthesis,has shown significant potential in the synthesis of graphene and other functional carbon materials.Based on the Joule effect,the solid carbon sources can be rapidly heated to ultra-high temperatures(>3000 K)through instantaneous high-energy current pulses during FJH,thus driving the rapid rearrangement and graphitization of carbon atoms.This technology demonstrates numerous advantages,such as solvent-and catalyst-free features,high energy conversion efficiency,and a short process cycle.In this review,we have systematically summarized the technology principle and equipment design for FJH,as well as its raw materials selection and pretreatment strategies.The research progress in the FJH synthesis of flash graphene,carbon nanotubes,graphene fibers,and anode hard carbon,as well as its by-products,is also presented.FJH can precisely optimize the microstructures of carbon materials(e.g.,interlayer spacing of turbostratic graphene,defect concentration,and heteroatom doping)by regulating its operation parameters like flash voltage and flash time,thereby enhancing their performances in various applications,such as composite reinforcement,metal-ion battery electrodes,supercapacitors,and electrocatalysts.However,this technology is still challenged by low process yield,macroscopic material uniformity,and green power supply system construction.More research efforts are also required to promote the transition of FJH from laboratory to industrial-scale applications,thus providing innovative solutions for advanced carbon materials manufacturing and waste management toward carbon neutrality.展开更多
Research efforts on electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials.These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight,porous,and...Research efforts on electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials.These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight,porous,and hierarchical.Due to their porous nature,interfacial compatibility,and electrical conductivity,biomass materials hold significant potential as EMI shielding materials.Despite concerted efforts on the EMI shielding of biomass materials have been reported,this research area is still relatively new compared to traditional EMI shielding materials.In particular,a more comprehensive study and summary of the factors influencing biomass EMI shielding materials including the pore structure adjustment,preparation process,and micro-control would be valuable.The preparation methods and characteristics of wood,bamboo,cellulose and lignin in EMI shielding field are critically discussed in this paper,and similar biomass EMI materials are summarized and analyzed.The composite methods and fillers of various biomass materials were reviewed.this paper also highlights the mechanism of EMI shielding as well as existing prospects and challenges for development trends in this field.展开更多
Fe-Mo functionally graded materials(FGMs)with different composition-change rates from 100%304 stainless steel to 100%Mo along the composition gradient direction were prepared by electron beam-directed energy depositio...Fe-Mo functionally graded materials(FGMs)with different composition-change rates from 100%304 stainless steel to 100%Mo along the composition gradient direction were prepared by electron beam-directed energy deposition(EB-DED)technique,including three samples with composition mutation of 100%,composition change rate of 10%and 30%.Results show that the composition-change rate significantly affects the microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples.In the sample with abrupt change of composition,the sharp shift in composition between 304 stainless steel and Mo leads to a great difference in the microstructure and hardness near the interface between the two materials.With the increase in the number of gradient layers,the composition changes continuously along the direction of deposition height,and the microstructure morphology shows a smooth transition from 304 stainless steel to Mo,which is gradually transformed from columnar crystal to dendritic crystal.Elements Fe,Mo,and other major elements transform linearly along the gradient direction,with sufficient interlayer diffusion between the deposited layers,leading to good metallurgical bonding.The smaller the change in composition gradient,the greater the microhardness value along the deposition direction.When the composition gradient is 10%,the gradient layer exhibits higher hardness(940 HV)and excellent resistance to surface abrasion,and the overall compressive properties of the samples are better,with the compressive fracture stress in the top region reaching 750.05±14 MPa.展开更多
With the continuously increasing awareness of energy conservation and the intensifying impacts of global warming, Personal Thermal Management (PTM) technologies are increasingly recognized for their potential to ensur...With the continuously increasing awareness of energy conservation and the intensifying impacts of global warming, Personal Thermal Management (PTM) technologies are increasingly recognized for their potential to ensure human thermal comfort in extreme environments. Biomimetic structures have emerged as a novel source of inspiration for PTM applications. This review systematically summarizes the biomimetic structures, phase change materials, manufacturing methods, and the performance of multifunctional PTM wearables. Firstly, it analyzes the biomimetic structures with thermal regulation and encapsulated phase change material functionalities from different dimensions, highlighting their applications in PTM. Subsequently, it outlines the conventional manufacturing methods incorporating various biomimetic structures, offering strategies for the production of PTM wearables. The review also discusses the typical performance characteristics of multifunctional PTM wearables, addressing the current demands in thermal management. Finally, opportunities and challenges in PTM field are proposed, proposing new directions for future research.展开更多
Four-dimensional printing allows for the transformation capabilities of 3D-printed architectures over time,altering their shape,properties,or function when exposed to external stimuli.This interdisciplinary technology...Four-dimensional printing allows for the transformation capabilities of 3D-printed architectures over time,altering their shape,properties,or function when exposed to external stimuli.This interdisciplinary technology endows the 3D architectures with unique functionalities,which has generated excitement in diverse research fields,such as soft robotics,biomimetics,biomedical devices,and sensors.Understanding the selection of the material,architectural designs,and employed stimuli is crucial to unlocking the potential of smart customization with 4D printing.This review summarizes recent significant developments in 4D printing and establishes links between smart materials,3D printing techniques,programmable structures,diversiform stimulus,and new functionalities for multidisciplinary applications.We start by introducing the advanced features of 4D printing and the key technological roadmap for its implementation.We then place considerable emphasis on printable smart materials and structural designs,as well as general approaches to designing programmable structures.We also review stimulus designs in smart materials and their associated stimulus-responsive mechanisms.Finally,we discuss new functionalities of 4D printing for potential applications and further development directions.展开更多
This paper prepared a novel as-cast W-Zr-Ti metallic ESM using high-frequency vacuum induction melting technique.The above ESM performs a typical elastic-brittle material feature and strain rate strengthening behavior...This paper prepared a novel as-cast W-Zr-Ti metallic ESM using high-frequency vacuum induction melting technique.The above ESM performs a typical elastic-brittle material feature and strain rate strengthening behavior.The specimens exhibit violent chemical reaction during the fracture process under the impact loading,and the size distribution of their residual debris follows Rosin-Rammler model.The dynamic fracture toughness is obtained by the fitting of debris length scale,approximately 1.87 MPa·m~(1/2).Microstructure observation on residual debris indicates that the failure process is determined by primary crack propagation under quasi-static compression,while it is affected by multiple cracks propagation in both particle and matrix in the case of dynamic impact.Impact test demonstrates that the novel energetic fragment performs brilliant penetration and combustion effect behind the front target,leading to the effective ignition of fuel tank.For the brittleness of as-cast W-ZrTi ESM,further study conducted bond-based peridynamic(BB-PD)C++computational code to simulate its fracture behavior during penetration.The BB-PD method successfully captured the fracture process and debris cloud formation of the energetic fragment.This paper explores a novel as-cast metallic ESM,and provides an available numerical avenue to the simulation of brittle energetic fragment.展开更多
Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is a major global health challenge,which causes significant illness and death worldwide.These include a range of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels,including coro-nary artery...Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is a major global health challenge,which causes significant illness and death worldwide.These include a range of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels,including coro-nary artery disease,stroke,peripheral artery disease,and heart failure.Despite advances in medicine and healthcare delivery,CVD continues to have a serious impact on individuals,families,and the healthcare system.This review begins by delineating the merits and demerits of commonly employed synthetic and natural materials for artificial blood vessels.It delves into various techniques commonly employed in the fabrication of artificial blood vessels,encompassing advanced textile technologies,electrospinning,ther-mally induced phase separation,and 3D printing.The review critically analyzes the attributes of different preparation methodologies alongside the latest advancements in research.The review also outlines the requisite performance requirements for artificial blood vessels,which encompass robust mechanical prop-erties,appropriate porosity,exceptional compatibility,and antibacterial attributes.It provides a succinct overview of ongoing effort s in vascular functionalization,particularly emphasizing thrombus mitigation,promotion of endothelialization,and enhancement of nitric oxide production.The review finally encap-sulates the primary challenges confronting vascular grafts and prospective avenues for future research.展开更多
Dynamic structuralcolors can change in response todifferent environmental stimuli.This ability remains effectiveeven when the size of the speciesresponsible for the structural coloris reduced to a few micrometers,prov...Dynamic structuralcolors can change in response todifferent environmental stimuli.This ability remains effectiveeven when the size of the speciesresponsible for the structural coloris reduced to a few micrometers,providing a promising sensingmechanism for solving microenvironmentalsensing problems inmicro-robotics and microfluidics.However, the lack of dynamicstructural colors that can encoderapidly, easily integrate, and accuratelyreflect changes in physical quantities hinders their use in microscale sensing applications. Herein, we present a 2.5-dimensionaldynamic structural color based on nanogratings of heterogeneous materials, which were obtained by interweaving a pH-responsive hydrogelwith an IP-L photoresist. Transverse gratings printed with pH-responsive hydrogels elongated the period of longitudinal grating in the swollenstate, resulting in pH-tuned structural colors at a 45° incidence. Moreover, the patterned encoding and array printing of dynamic structuralcolors were achieved using grayscale stripe images to accurately encode the periods and heights of the nanogrid structures. Overall, dynamicstructural color networks exhibit promising potential for applications in information encryption and in situ sensing for microfluidic chips.展开更多
SS316L alloy coupled with Inconel625 alloy were combined with Ti6Al4V or Inconel718 alloy through wire arc additive manufacturing technique to manufacture functionally graded materials(FGMs).Two FGMs,namely 60%SS316L+...SS316L alloy coupled with Inconel625 alloy were combined with Ti6Al4V or Inconel718 alloy through wire arc additive manufacturing technique to manufacture functionally graded materials(FGMs).Two FGMs,namely 60%SS316L+20%Inconel625+20%Ti6Al4V composite and 60%SS316L+20%Inconel625+20%Inconel718 composite,were prepared.The tensile strength,elongation,yield strength,hardness,cross section area of the parent material,and composition were analysed.Results illustrate that the 60%SS316L+20%Inconel625+20%Inconel718 composite has better mechanical properties than 60%SS316L+20%Inconel625+20%Ti6Al4V composite,and the comprehensive properties of 60%SS316L+20%Inconel 625+20%Ti6Al4V composite are better than those of the parent material SS316L.Hence,the composite of 60%SS316L+20%Inconel625+20%Inconel718 is optimal.Due to its high strength,the 60%SS316L+20%Inconel625+20%Inconel718 composite has great application potential in the field of high pressure pneumatic tool and defence tool.展开更多
Functional carbon-based materials have become a key research direction in the field of advanced electrocatalysis due to their unique structure and properties.Various strategies have been proposed to design and synthes...Functional carbon-based materials have become a key research direction in the field of advanced electrocatalysis due to their unique structure and properties.Various strategies have been proposed to design and synthesize high-performance carbon-based electrocatalysts.In this review,we comprehensively summarize the latest developments in carbon-based materials for advanced electrocatalysis,with particular emphasis on the structure design strategies and the intrinsic relationship between structure,activity,and performance.The functionalization of multi-dimensional carbon-based materials with enhanced electrocatalytic performance is first addressed.Next,the impact of electronic and structural engineering on the performance of carbon-based materials for electrocatalysis is discussed in terms of the advantages of different types of carbon-based materials in electrocatalytic applications.Finally,the prospects in areas such as precise tuning of functional carbon-based materials,the development of renewable carbon materials,the use of advanced characterization techniques and the promotion of smart manufacturing and responsiveness are high-lighted.展开更多
Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)are a cutting-edge energy storage solution,with several advantages over the state-of-art lithiumion batteries(LIBs).The use of magnesium(Mg)metal as an anode material provides a m...Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)are a cutting-edge energy storage solution,with several advantages over the state-of-art lithiumion batteries(LIBs).The use of magnesium(Mg)metal as an anode material provides a much higher gravimetric capacity compared to graphite,which is currently used as the anode material in LIBs.Despite the significant advances in electrolyte,the development of cathode material is limited to materials that operate at low average discharge voltage(<1.0 V vs.Mg/Mg^(2+)),and developing high voltage cathodes remains challenging.Only a few materials have been shown to intercalate Mg^(2+)ions reversibly at high voltage.This review focuses on the structural aspects of cathode material that can operate at high voltage,including the Mg^(2+)intercalation mechanism in relation to its electrochemical properties.The materials are categorized into transition metal oxides and polyanions and subcategorized by the intrinsic Mg^(2+)diffusion path.This review also provides insights into the future development of each material,aiming to stimulate and guide researchers working in this field towards further advancements in high voltage cathodes.展开更多
Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are innovative materials distinguished by gradual variations in composition and structure, offering exceptional properties for diverse applications. Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), mer...Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are innovative materials distinguished by gradual variations in composition and structure, offering exceptional properties for diverse applications. Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), merging the characteristics of polymers and ionic liquids, have emerged as viable options for the development of FGMs given their tunable skeleton, ionic conductivity, and compatibility with various functional materials. This review highlights the latest advancements in the design strategies of FGMs based on porous PILs, focusing on single and multi-gradient structures. Furthermore, we also highlight their emerging applications in molecular recognition, sensing, adsorption, separation, and catalysis. By exploring the interplay between porosity, ionic functionality, and gradient architecture, this review offers perspectives on the prospects of PIL-based FGMs for tackling global challenges in energy, environment, and healthcare.展开更多
Mechanical loading constitutes a fundamental determinant in the process of bone remodeling.This modeling encompasses the incorporation of mechanical stimuli,the involvement of cellular and molecular constituents,as we...Mechanical loading constitutes a fundamental determinant in the process of bone remodeling.This modeling encompasses the incorporation of mechanical stimuli,the involvement of cellular and molecular constituents,as well as the utilization of sophisticated computational methodologies.Such an approach is imperative for forecasting bone behaviour across varying environmental conditions.In the present study,key findings from bone mechanobiology are reviewed,along with the possibility that Functionally Graded Materials(FGM)enhances osseointegration and lowers the stress-shielding effect during bone remodeling and compared to titanium,FGM improves periprosthetic bone remodeling.To summarise some of the most important findings from computational models of bone mechanobiology,explaining how modifications to the mechanical environment affect implant design,growth of bone,and bone response.The impact that changes related to the mechanical environment have on bone response is examined using computational models and methods such as surface microtopography to determine how an implant’s bone density has increased over time.This review focuses on the refinement of advanced simulation frameworks and their synergy with imaging technologies to strengthen model validation,ultimately resulting in better clinical outcomes in the context of bone health treatments.展开更多
Polyvinyl chloride is the most widely used general-purpose plastic and plays a vital role in various industries.Mercury-based catalysts severely limit the green sustainability of industry.Non-metallic carbon materials...Polyvinyl chloride is the most widely used general-purpose plastic and plays a vital role in various industries.Mercury-based catalysts severely limit the green sustainability of industry.Non-metallic carbon materials are very promising alternatives in acetylene hydrochlorination,but their stability remains a challenge of major concern at present.Based on the principle of green chemistry,structurally tunable and defect-rich carbon materials were synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis using glucose as carbon source and m-phenylenediamine as nitrogen source and cross-linking agent.Experimental characterization and density functional theory confirmed that pyridinic N was the main active site.The introduction of N not only regulated the formation of the hierarchically porous structure of the carbon material,but also increased the adsorption of HCl and decreased the adsorption strength of C_(2)H_(2).The synergistic effect of high N content and porous structure significantly enhanced the catalytic performance of the catalysts in acetylene hydrochlorination.The C_(2)H_(2)conversion was maintained at around98%after 100 h under the reaction conditions(T=220°C,GHSV(C_(2)H_(2))=30 h^(-1),V_(HCl)/VC_(2)H_(2)=1.15).Thus,the one-pot synthesis process used here is a good benchmark for future catalyst research.展开更多
In this study,a framework for predicting the gas-sensitive properties of gas-sensitive materials by combining machine learning and density functional theory(DFT)has been proposed.The framework rapidly predicts the gas...In this study,a framework for predicting the gas-sensitive properties of gas-sensitive materials by combining machine learning and density functional theory(DFT)has been proposed.The framework rapidly predicts the gas response of materials by establishing relationships between multisource physical parameters and gas-sensitive properties.In order to prove its effectiveness,the perovskite Cs_(3)Cu_(2)I_(5) has been selected as the representative material.The physical parameters before and after the adsorption of various gases have been calculated using DFT,and then a machine learning model has been trained based on these parameters.Previous studies have shown that a single physical parameter alone is not enough to accurately predict the gas sensitivity of materials.Therefore,a variety of physical parameters have been selected for machine learning,and the final machine learning model achieved 92%accuracy in predicting gas sensitivity.It is important to note that although there have been no previous reports on the response of Cs_(3)Cu_(2)I_(5) to hydrogen sulfide,the resulting model predicts the gas response of H2S;it is subsequently confirmed experimentally.This method not only enhances the understanding of the gas sensing mechanism,but also has a universal nature,making it suitable for the development of various new gas-sensitive materials.展开更多
Thanks to its abundant reserves,relatively high energy density,and low reduction potential,potassium ion batteries(PIBs)have a high potential for large-scale energy storage applications.Due to the large radius of pota...Thanks to its abundant reserves,relatively high energy density,and low reduction potential,potassium ion batteries(PIBs)have a high potential for large-scale energy storage applications.Due to the large radius of potassium ions,most conventional anode materials undergo severe volume expansion,making it difficult to achieve stable and reversible energy storage.Therefore,developing high-performance anode materials is one of the critical factors in developing PIBs.In this sense,antimony(Sb)-based anode materials with high theoretical capacity and safe reaction potentials have a broad potential for application in PIBs.However,overcoming the rapid capacity decay induced by the large radius of potassium ions is still an issue that needs to be focused on.This paper reviews the latest research on different types of Sb-based anode materials and provides an in-depth analysis of their optimization strategies.We focus on material selection,structural design,and storage mechanisms to develop a detailed description of the material.In addition,the current challenges still faced by Sb-based anode materials are summarized,and some further optimization strategies have been added.We hope to provide some insights for researchers developing Sb-based anode materials for next-generation advanced PIBs.展开更多
Land use change is a fundamental factor affecting ecosystem’s structures and functions.However,few studies have explored the ecological disturbance caused by land use change from a combined structural and functional ...Land use change is a fundamental factor affecting ecosystem’s structures and functions.However,few studies have explored the ecological disturbance caused by land use change from a combined structural and functional perspective.In this study,the ecological structural disturbance index(SDI)and functional disturbance index(FDI)were introduced to quantitatively evaluate ecological disturbance caused by land use change in a typical karst area—Huangping County,Guizhou Province,China during 2009–2019.Results show that although the area of ecological land increased during past 10 yr,there had been a fragmentation trend of ecological land.Agricultural occupation was more severe than construction encroachment on ecological land.The grids with negative structural disturbance were consistent with areas of obvious dynamic loss and gain of ecological land.Ecological fragmentation had a greater impact than habitat gain in grids with negative structural disturbance.The ecosystem service functions of supply,adjustment,support,and culture were obviously affected by land use change,and the total FDI reflects the trade-off among them.Negative FDI values were easily observed in the rocky desertification area or water and soil loss area.The combination analysis of the SDI and FDI indicated the characteristic of codirectional ecologically structural and functional disturbance in the majority of grids.The findings improve our understanding of multiple relationships among ecological disturbances and provide valuable information for guiding land use activities.展开更多
Magnesium and its related materials have potential applications in the automotive sector for weight reduction,in energy storage technologies such as batteries and hydrogen storage,and in biomedical field due to their ...Magnesium and its related materials have potential applications in the automotive sector for weight reduction,in energy storage technologies such as batteries and hydrogen storage,and in biomedical field due to their biodegradability.In comparison,the researches on the latter ones are currently receiving more and more interests.This paper explores recent research advancements in Mg-based materials in these fields especially within recent 4 years in Germany.展开更多
To explore high value-added utilization pathways of fly ash,the mesoporous structure of silicon dioxide extracted from fly ash(FA-SiO_(2))was utilized to restrict the dicyandiamide(DCDA)thermal degradation process.Thi...To explore high value-added utilization pathways of fly ash,the mesoporous structure of silicon dioxide extracted from fly ash(FA-SiO_(2))was utilized to restrict the dicyandiamide(DCDA)thermal degradation process.This produced chemically bonded interacting composite photocatalysts of FA-SiO,and graphitic-phase carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)).Compared with the spherical silicon dioxide prepared using tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS-SiO_(2)),the mesoporous structure of FA-SiO_(2),allowed DCDA to react in a smaller space,which facilitated the transformation of DCDA to melamine by the thermal degradation kinetics of FA-C_(3)N_(4)/DCDA.This ultimately boosted the formation of an N-atom-removed triazine ring structure and a multistage structure combining lumps and rods in the composite photocatalysts of g-C_(3)N_(4),and FA-SiO_(2),which led to a higher visible-light utilization efficiency,a suitable valence-band position,and the photocatalytic activity for methylene blue reaching 3.56 times that of g-C_(3)N_(4).The findings indicate that mesoporous FA-SiO,has the potential to improve the structural and photocatalytic properties of g-C_(3)N_(4),-based materials.展开更多
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Project(2022A1515140061,No.11000-2344014)Startup Foundation for Postdoctor by Dongguan University of Technology(No.11000-221110149)the High-level Talents Program(contract number 2023JC10L014)of the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province。
文摘High entropy materials(HEMs)are the promising electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane electrolyser(AEMs)and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to the intriguing cocktail effect,wide design space,tailorable electronic structure,and entropy stabilization effect.The precise fabrication of HEMs with functional nanostructures provides a crucial avenue to optimize the adsorption strength and catalytic activity for electrocatalysis.This review comprehensively summarizes the development of HEMs,focusing on the principles and strategies of structural design,and the catalytic mechanism towards hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction for the development of high-performance electrocatalysts.The complexity inherent in the interactions between different elements,the changes in the d-band center and the Gibbs free energies during the catalytic progress,as well as the coordination environment of the active sites associated with the unique crystal structure to improve the catalytic performance are discussed.We also provide a perspective on the challenges and future development direction of HEMs in electrocatalysis.This review will contribute to the design and development of HEMs-based catalysts for the next generation of electrochemical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52276196)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion(FSKLCCA2508)the High-level Talent Foundation of Anhui Agricultural University(rc412307).
文摘Flash Joule heating(FJH),as a high-efficiency and low-energy consumption technology for advanced materials synthesis,has shown significant potential in the synthesis of graphene and other functional carbon materials.Based on the Joule effect,the solid carbon sources can be rapidly heated to ultra-high temperatures(>3000 K)through instantaneous high-energy current pulses during FJH,thus driving the rapid rearrangement and graphitization of carbon atoms.This technology demonstrates numerous advantages,such as solvent-and catalyst-free features,high energy conversion efficiency,and a short process cycle.In this review,we have systematically summarized the technology principle and equipment design for FJH,as well as its raw materials selection and pretreatment strategies.The research progress in the FJH synthesis of flash graphene,carbon nanotubes,graphene fibers,and anode hard carbon,as well as its by-products,is also presented.FJH can precisely optimize the microstructures of carbon materials(e.g.,interlayer spacing of turbostratic graphene,defect concentration,and heteroatom doping)by regulating its operation parameters like flash voltage and flash time,thereby enhancing their performances in various applications,such as composite reinforcement,metal-ion battery electrodes,supercapacitors,and electrocatalysts.However,this technology is still challenged by low process yield,macroscopic material uniformity,and green power supply system construction.More research efforts are also required to promote the transition of FJH from laboratory to industrial-scale applications,thus providing innovative solutions for advanced carbon materials manufacturing and waste management toward carbon neutrality.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201491)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001)The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,KSA for funding this research work through the project number“NBU-FPEJ-2024-1101-02”.
文摘Research efforts on electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials.These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight,porous,and hierarchical.Due to their porous nature,interfacial compatibility,and electrical conductivity,biomass materials hold significant potential as EMI shielding materials.Despite concerted efforts on the EMI shielding of biomass materials have been reported,this research area is still relatively new compared to traditional EMI shielding materials.In particular,a more comprehensive study and summary of the factors influencing biomass EMI shielding materials including the pore structure adjustment,preparation process,and micro-control would be valuable.The preparation methods and characteristics of wood,bamboo,cellulose and lignin in EMI shielding field are critically discussed in this paper,and similar biomass EMI materials are summarized and analyzed.The composite methods and fillers of various biomass materials were reviewed.this paper also highlights the mechanism of EMI shielding as well as existing prospects and challenges for development trends in this field.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51975286)。
文摘Fe-Mo functionally graded materials(FGMs)with different composition-change rates from 100%304 stainless steel to 100%Mo along the composition gradient direction were prepared by electron beam-directed energy deposition(EB-DED)technique,including three samples with composition mutation of 100%,composition change rate of 10%and 30%.Results show that the composition-change rate significantly affects the microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples.In the sample with abrupt change of composition,the sharp shift in composition between 304 stainless steel and Mo leads to a great difference in the microstructure and hardness near the interface between the two materials.With the increase in the number of gradient layers,the composition changes continuously along the direction of deposition height,and the microstructure morphology shows a smooth transition from 304 stainless steel to Mo,which is gradually transformed from columnar crystal to dendritic crystal.Elements Fe,Mo,and other major elements transform linearly along the gradient direction,with sufficient interlayer diffusion between the deposited layers,leading to good metallurgical bonding.The smaller the change in composition gradient,the greater the microhardness value along the deposition direction.When the composition gradient is 10%,the gradient layer exhibits higher hardness(940 HV)and excellent resistance to surface abrasion,and the overall compressive properties of the samples are better,with the compressive fracture stress in the top region reaching 750.05±14 MPa.
基金supported by Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2024A1515010772)State Key Laboratory of Massive Personalized Customization System and Technology,No.H&C-MPC-2023-02-06(Q)+2 种基金“CUG scholar”Scientific Research Funds at China University of Geosciences,Wuhan(No.CUG2022185)Guangzhou Youth Top Talent ProgramChina College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.S202410491063).
文摘With the continuously increasing awareness of energy conservation and the intensifying impacts of global warming, Personal Thermal Management (PTM) technologies are increasingly recognized for their potential to ensure human thermal comfort in extreme environments. Biomimetic structures have emerged as a novel source of inspiration for PTM applications. This review systematically summarizes the biomimetic structures, phase change materials, manufacturing methods, and the performance of multifunctional PTM wearables. Firstly, it analyzes the biomimetic structures with thermal regulation and encapsulated phase change material functionalities from different dimensions, highlighting their applications in PTM. Subsequently, it outlines the conventional manufacturing methods incorporating various biomimetic structures, offering strategies for the production of PTM wearables. The review also discusses the typical performance characteristics of multifunctional PTM wearables, addressing the current demands in thermal management. Finally, opportunities and challenges in PTM field are proposed, proposing new directions for future research.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22109021)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20200375)Jiangsu Shuangchuang Talent Program(JSSCBS20210100)。
文摘Four-dimensional printing allows for the transformation capabilities of 3D-printed architectures over time,altering their shape,properties,or function when exposed to external stimuli.This interdisciplinary technology endows the 3D architectures with unique functionalities,which has generated excitement in diverse research fields,such as soft robotics,biomimetics,biomedical devices,and sensors.Understanding the selection of the material,architectural designs,and employed stimuli is crucial to unlocking the potential of smart customization with 4D printing.This review summarizes recent significant developments in 4D printing and establishes links between smart materials,3D printing techniques,programmable structures,diversiform stimulus,and new functionalities for multidisciplinary applications.We start by introducing the advanced features of 4D printing and the key technological roadmap for its implementation.We then place considerable emphasis on printable smart materials and structural designs,as well as general approaches to designing programmable structures.We also review stimulus designs in smart materials and their associated stimulus-responsive mechanisms.Finally,we discuss new functionalities of 4D printing for potential applications and further development directions.
文摘This paper prepared a novel as-cast W-Zr-Ti metallic ESM using high-frequency vacuum induction melting technique.The above ESM performs a typical elastic-brittle material feature and strain rate strengthening behavior.The specimens exhibit violent chemical reaction during the fracture process under the impact loading,and the size distribution of their residual debris follows Rosin-Rammler model.The dynamic fracture toughness is obtained by the fitting of debris length scale,approximately 1.87 MPa·m~(1/2).Microstructure observation on residual debris indicates that the failure process is determined by primary crack propagation under quasi-static compression,while it is affected by multiple cracks propagation in both particle and matrix in the case of dynamic impact.Impact test demonstrates that the novel energetic fragment performs brilliant penetration and combustion effect behind the front target,leading to the effective ignition of fuel tank.For the brittleness of as-cast W-ZrTi ESM,further study conducted bond-based peridynamic(BB-PD)C++computational code to simulate its fracture behavior during penetration.The BB-PD method successfully captured the fracture process and debris cloud formation of the energetic fragment.This paper explores a novel as-cast metallic ESM,and provides an available numerical avenue to the simulation of brittle energetic fragment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82374295)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFE0111100)+1 种基金the Science and Technol-ogy Partnership Program by the Ministry of Science and Technol-ogy of China(No.KY202201002)the Jiangsu Provincial De-partment of Science and Technology(No.BZ2022017).
文摘Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is a major global health challenge,which causes significant illness and death worldwide.These include a range of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels,including coro-nary artery disease,stroke,peripheral artery disease,and heart failure.Despite advances in medicine and healthcare delivery,CVD continues to have a serious impact on individuals,families,and the healthcare system.This review begins by delineating the merits and demerits of commonly employed synthetic and natural materials for artificial blood vessels.It delves into various techniques commonly employed in the fabrication of artificial blood vessels,encompassing advanced textile technologies,electrospinning,ther-mally induced phase separation,and 3D printing.The review critically analyzes the attributes of different preparation methodologies alongside the latest advancements in research.The review also outlines the requisite performance requirements for artificial blood vessels,which encompass robust mechanical prop-erties,appropriate porosity,exceptional compatibility,and antibacterial attributes.It provides a succinct overview of ongoing effort s in vascular functionalization,particularly emphasizing thrombus mitigation,promotion of endothelialization,and enhancement of nitric oxide production.The review finally encap-sulates the primary challenges confronting vascular grafts and prospective avenues for future research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61925307).
文摘Dynamic structuralcolors can change in response todifferent environmental stimuli.This ability remains effectiveeven when the size of the speciesresponsible for the structural coloris reduced to a few micrometers,providing a promising sensingmechanism for solving microenvironmentalsensing problems inmicro-robotics and microfluidics.However, the lack of dynamicstructural colors that can encoderapidly, easily integrate, and accuratelyreflect changes in physical quantities hinders their use in microscale sensing applications. Herein, we present a 2.5-dimensionaldynamic structural color based on nanogratings of heterogeneous materials, which were obtained by interweaving a pH-responsive hydrogelwith an IP-L photoresist. Transverse gratings printed with pH-responsive hydrogels elongated the period of longitudinal grating in the swollenstate, resulting in pH-tuned structural colors at a 45° incidence. Moreover, the patterned encoding and array printing of dynamic structuralcolors were achieved using grayscale stripe images to accurately encode the periods and heights of the nanogrid structures. Overall, dynamicstructural color networks exhibit promising potential for applications in information encryption and in situ sensing for microfluidic chips.
文摘SS316L alloy coupled with Inconel625 alloy were combined with Ti6Al4V or Inconel718 alloy through wire arc additive manufacturing technique to manufacture functionally graded materials(FGMs).Two FGMs,namely 60%SS316L+20%Inconel625+20%Ti6Al4V composite and 60%SS316L+20%Inconel625+20%Inconel718 composite,were prepared.The tensile strength,elongation,yield strength,hardness,cross section area of the parent material,and composition were analysed.Results illustrate that the 60%SS316L+20%Inconel625+20%Inconel718 composite has better mechanical properties than 60%SS316L+20%Inconel625+20%Ti6Al4V composite,and the comprehensive properties of 60%SS316L+20%Inconel 625+20%Ti6Al4V composite are better than those of the parent material SS316L.Hence,the composite of 60%SS316L+20%Inconel625+20%Inconel718 is optimal.Due to its high strength,the 60%SS316L+20%Inconel625+20%Inconel718 composite has great application potential in the field of high pressure pneumatic tool and defence tool.
文摘Functional carbon-based materials have become a key research direction in the field of advanced electrocatalysis due to their unique structure and properties.Various strategies have been proposed to design and synthesize high-performance carbon-based electrocatalysts.In this review,we comprehensively summarize the latest developments in carbon-based materials for advanced electrocatalysis,with particular emphasis on the structure design strategies and the intrinsic relationship between structure,activity,and performance.The functionalization of multi-dimensional carbon-based materials with enhanced electrocatalytic performance is first addressed.Next,the impact of electronic and structural engineering on the performance of carbon-based materials for electrocatalysis is discussed in terms of the advantages of different types of carbon-based materials in electrocatalytic applications.Finally,the prospects in areas such as precise tuning of functional carbon-based materials,the development of renewable carbon materials,the use of advanced characterization techniques and the promotion of smart manufacturing and responsiveness are high-lighted.
基金supported by the Nano&Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(RS-2024-00446825)by the Technology Innovation Program(RS-2024-00418815)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea).
文摘Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)are a cutting-edge energy storage solution,with several advantages over the state-of-art lithiumion batteries(LIBs).The use of magnesium(Mg)metal as an anode material provides a much higher gravimetric capacity compared to graphite,which is currently used as the anode material in LIBs.Despite the significant advances in electrolyte,the development of cathode material is limited to materials that operate at low average discharge voltage(<1.0 V vs.Mg/Mg^(2+)),and developing high voltage cathodes remains challenging.Only a few materials have been shown to intercalate Mg^(2+)ions reversibly at high voltage.This review focuses on the structural aspects of cathode material that can operate at high voltage,including the Mg^(2+)intercalation mechanism in relation to its electrochemical properties.The materials are categorized into transition metal oxides and polyanions and subcategorized by the intrinsic Mg^(2+)diffusion path.This review also provides insights into the future development of each material,aiming to stimulate and guide researchers working in this field towards further advancements in high voltage cathodes.
基金support provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22471018,22071008,22208018)support provided by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20220818100012025).
文摘Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are innovative materials distinguished by gradual variations in composition and structure, offering exceptional properties for diverse applications. Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs), merging the characteristics of polymers and ionic liquids, have emerged as viable options for the development of FGMs given their tunable skeleton, ionic conductivity, and compatibility with various functional materials. This review highlights the latest advancements in the design strategies of FGMs based on porous PILs, focusing on single and multi-gradient structures. Furthermore, we also highlight their emerging applications in molecular recognition, sensing, adsorption, separation, and catalysis. By exploring the interplay between porosity, ionic functionality, and gradient architecture, this review offers perspectives on the prospects of PIL-based FGMs for tackling global challenges in energy, environment, and healthcare.
文摘Mechanical loading constitutes a fundamental determinant in the process of bone remodeling.This modeling encompasses the incorporation of mechanical stimuli,the involvement of cellular and molecular constituents,as well as the utilization of sophisticated computational methodologies.Such an approach is imperative for forecasting bone behaviour across varying environmental conditions.In the present study,key findings from bone mechanobiology are reviewed,along with the possibility that Functionally Graded Materials(FGM)enhances osseointegration and lowers the stress-shielding effect during bone remodeling and compared to titanium,FGM improves periprosthetic bone remodeling.To summarise some of the most important findings from computational models of bone mechanobiology,explaining how modifications to the mechanical environment affect implant design,growth of bone,and bone response.The impact that changes related to the mechanical environment have on bone response is examined using computational models and methods such as surface microtopography to determine how an implant’s bone density has increased over time.This review focuses on the refinement of advanced simulation frameworks and their synergy with imaging technologies to strengthen model validation,ultimately resulting in better clinical outcomes in the context of bone health treatments.
基金supported by the Tianchi Innovation Leading Talent Development Fund(No.CZ002710)in Xinjiangthe Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202103051)+4 种基金the Project of Science and Technology Development of Yantai City(No.2023JCYJ073)Natural science foundation of Shandong province(No.ZR2023MB064)special funds for over provincial level leading talent of Yantai citythe Start-Up Foundation for High-level Professionals of Shihezi University(No.RCZK201932)Tianshan Talents Training Program of Xinjiang(Science and Technology Innovation Team,No.2022TSYCTD0021)。
文摘Polyvinyl chloride is the most widely used general-purpose plastic and plays a vital role in various industries.Mercury-based catalysts severely limit the green sustainability of industry.Non-metallic carbon materials are very promising alternatives in acetylene hydrochlorination,but their stability remains a challenge of major concern at present.Based on the principle of green chemistry,structurally tunable and defect-rich carbon materials were synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis using glucose as carbon source and m-phenylenediamine as nitrogen source and cross-linking agent.Experimental characterization and density functional theory confirmed that pyridinic N was the main active site.The introduction of N not only regulated the formation of the hierarchically porous structure of the carbon material,but also increased the adsorption of HCl and decreased the adsorption strength of C_(2)H_(2).The synergistic effect of high N content and porous structure significantly enhanced the catalytic performance of the catalysts in acetylene hydrochlorination.The C_(2)H_(2)conversion was maintained at around98%after 100 h under the reaction conditions(T=220°C,GHSV(C_(2)H_(2))=30 h^(-1),V_(HCl)/VC_(2)H_(2)=1.15).Thus,the one-pot synthesis process used here is a good benchmark for future catalyst research.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20210494)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52303356).
文摘In this study,a framework for predicting the gas-sensitive properties of gas-sensitive materials by combining machine learning and density functional theory(DFT)has been proposed.The framework rapidly predicts the gas response of materials by establishing relationships between multisource physical parameters and gas-sensitive properties.In order to prove its effectiveness,the perovskite Cs_(3)Cu_(2)I_(5) has been selected as the representative material.The physical parameters before and after the adsorption of various gases have been calculated using DFT,and then a machine learning model has been trained based on these parameters.Previous studies have shown that a single physical parameter alone is not enough to accurately predict the gas sensitivity of materials.Therefore,a variety of physical parameters have been selected for machine learning,and the final machine learning model achieved 92%accuracy in predicting gas sensitivity.It is important to note that although there have been no previous reports on the response of Cs_(3)Cu_(2)I_(5) to hydrogen sulfide,the resulting model predicts the gas response of H2S;it is subsequently confirmed experimentally.This method not only enhances the understanding of the gas sensing mechanism,but also has a universal nature,making it suitable for the development of various new gas-sensitive materials.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22209057)the Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A04J0839)。
文摘Thanks to its abundant reserves,relatively high energy density,and low reduction potential,potassium ion batteries(PIBs)have a high potential for large-scale energy storage applications.Due to the large radius of potassium ions,most conventional anode materials undergo severe volume expansion,making it difficult to achieve stable and reversible energy storage.Therefore,developing high-performance anode materials is one of the critical factors in developing PIBs.In this sense,antimony(Sb)-based anode materials with high theoretical capacity and safe reaction potentials have a broad potential for application in PIBs.However,overcoming the rapid capacity decay induced by the large radius of potassium ions is still an issue that needs to be focused on.This paper reviews the latest research on different types of Sb-based anode materials and provides an in-depth analysis of their optimization strategies.We focus on material selection,structural design,and storage mechanisms to develop a detailed description of the material.In addition,the current challenges still faced by Sb-based anode materials are summarized,and some further optimization strategies have been added.We hope to provide some insights for researchers developing Sb-based anode materials for next-generation advanced PIBs.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41661088,32101593,42361028)Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Province(No.Qiankehe Zhongyindi[2023]005)+1 种基金2024 Humanities and Social Science Research Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education(No.24RWZX007)Graduate Research Fund Project of Guizhou Province(No.2024YJSKYJJ153)。
文摘Land use change is a fundamental factor affecting ecosystem’s structures and functions.However,few studies have explored the ecological disturbance caused by land use change from a combined structural and functional perspective.In this study,the ecological structural disturbance index(SDI)and functional disturbance index(FDI)were introduced to quantitatively evaluate ecological disturbance caused by land use change in a typical karst area—Huangping County,Guizhou Province,China during 2009–2019.Results show that although the area of ecological land increased during past 10 yr,there had been a fragmentation trend of ecological land.Agricultural occupation was more severe than construction encroachment on ecological land.The grids with negative structural disturbance were consistent with areas of obvious dynamic loss and gain of ecological land.Ecological fragmentation had a greater impact than habitat gain in grids with negative structural disturbance.The ecosystem service functions of supply,adjustment,support,and culture were obviously affected by land use change,and the total FDI reflects the trade-off among them.Negative FDI values were easily observed in the rocky desertification area or water and soil loss area.The combination analysis of the SDI and FDI indicated the characteristic of codirectional ecologically structural and functional disturbance in the majority of grids.The findings improve our understanding of multiple relationships among ecological disturbances and provide valuable information for guiding land use activities.
文摘Magnesium and its related materials have potential applications in the automotive sector for weight reduction,in energy storage technologies such as batteries and hydrogen storage,and in biomedical field due to their biodegradability.In comparison,the researches on the latter ones are currently receiving more and more interests.This paper explores recent research advancements in Mg-based materials in these fields especially within recent 4 years in Germany.
基金supported by the Medical Special Cultivation Project of Anhui University of Science and Technology(Nos.YZ2023H2B013 and YZ2023H2B012),China.
文摘To explore high value-added utilization pathways of fly ash,the mesoporous structure of silicon dioxide extracted from fly ash(FA-SiO_(2))was utilized to restrict the dicyandiamide(DCDA)thermal degradation process.This produced chemically bonded interacting composite photocatalysts of FA-SiO,and graphitic-phase carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)).Compared with the spherical silicon dioxide prepared using tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS-SiO_(2)),the mesoporous structure of FA-SiO_(2),allowed DCDA to react in a smaller space,which facilitated the transformation of DCDA to melamine by the thermal degradation kinetics of FA-C_(3)N_(4)/DCDA.This ultimately boosted the formation of an N-atom-removed triazine ring structure and a multistage structure combining lumps and rods in the composite photocatalysts of g-C_(3)N_(4),and FA-SiO_(2),which led to a higher visible-light utilization efficiency,a suitable valence-band position,and the photocatalytic activity for methylene blue reaching 3.56 times that of g-C_(3)N_(4).The findings indicate that mesoporous FA-SiO,has the potential to improve the structural and photocatalytic properties of g-C_(3)N_(4),-based materials.
