Increasing human activity is altering the struc-ture of forests,which affects the composition of communi-ties,including birds.However,little is known about the key forest structure variables that determine the richnes...Increasing human activity is altering the struc-ture of forests,which affects the composition of communi-ties,including birds.However,little is known about the key forest structure variables that determine the richness of bird communities in European temperate oak forests.We,there-fore,aimed to identify key variables in these habitats that could contribute to the design of management strategies for forest conservation by surveying 11 oak-dominated forest sites throughout the mid-mountain range of Hungary at 86 survey points to reveal the role of different compositional and structural variables for forest stands that influence the breeding bird assemblages in the forests at the functional group and individual species levels.Based on decision tree modelling,our results showed that the density of trees larger than 30 cm DBH was an overall important variable,indi-cating that large-diameter trees were essential to provide diverse bird communities.The total abundance of birds,the foliage-gleaners,primary and secondary cavity nest-ers,residents,and five specific bird species were related to the density of high trunk diameter trees.The abundance of shrub nesters was negatively influenced by a high density of trees over 10 cm DBH.The density of the shrub layer positively affected total bird abundance and the abundance of foliage gleaners,secondary cavity nesters and residents.Analysis of the co-dominant tree species showed that the presence of linden,beech,and hornbeam was important in influencing the abundance of various bird species,e.g.,Eur-asian Treecreeper(Certhia familiaris),Marsh Tit(Poecile palustris)and Wood Warbler(Phylloscopus sibilatrix).Our results indicated that large trees,high tree diversity,and dense shrub layer were essential for forest bird communities and are critical targets for protection to maintain diverse and abundant bird communities in oak-dominated forest habitats.展开更多
Although fairy rings are widely observed,little is known about the community processes associated with them.Here,we studied fairy rings in a natural grassland in northern Mongolia by sampling soils outside(future stag...Although fairy rings are widely observed,little is known about the community processes associated with them.Here,we studied fairy rings in a natural grassland in northern Mongolia by sampling soils outside(future stage),directly under(present stage),and within(past stage)the rings,to represent different time stages during the expansion of fairy rings.Soil DNA was extracted for amplicon sequencing of the fungal ITS1 region.The present stage had reduced fungal diversity and different fungal communities toward the other stages.Most strikingly,there was an increase in the pathogenic fungus Gibberella baccata in the present stage of most rings and the saprotrophic fairy ring fungus Lepista luscina in several.However,no mushrooms of Lepista had been recorded from any of these rings during several years of observation.Known fairy ring fungi were not found in the present stage of every ring,even in some known rings to have previously displayed mushrooms of such species.It is possible that these fungi occurred or were more abundant at the unsampled leading edge of the ring.The increase in G.baccata is intriguing,but its importance,if any,is unclear.It is also unclear whether consortia of fungi or other microbes might be present in these rings.The absence or low abundance of the previously reported fairy ring fungal species suggests that their presence is transient,with rapid replacement by other fungi.No differences in soil parameters were found between the fairy ring stages,except for aluminum.There is a need for broader sampling,including analysis of non-fungal biota,to understand the functional diversity of fairy ring fungi and the consequences for plant communities.展开更多
●Habitat fragmentation decreased α-diversity of nematodes and protozoa,but had little effect on β-diversity.●Soil multifunctionality resistance declined with fragmentation intensity(from the large to small island...●Habitat fragmentation decreased α-diversity of nematodes and protozoa,but had little effect on β-diversity.●Soil multifunctionality resistance declined with fragmentation intensity(from the large to small islands).●Nematode α-diversity,particularly bacterivorous taxa,directly enhanced multifunctionality resistance.●Protist β-diversity explained multifunctionality resistance to warming.Habitat fragmentation poses significant threats to soil biodiversity and ecosystem stability,yet its impacts on multifunctionality resistance under global change remain unclear.Here,we investigated 61 islands in China’s subtropical Zhelin Lake Reservoir,through experiments simulating multiple stressors,to assess how changes in soil biodiversity induced by habitat fragmentation affect the multifunctionality resistance to nitrogen enrichment,warming,and wetting-drying cycles disturbances.Our results revealed that soil moisture,nematode/protistα-diversity,and multifunctionality resistance(quantified through nutrient cycling stability)declined with fragmentation intensity(from the large to small islands).Nematodeα-diversity,particularly bacterivorous taxa,emerged as a keystone mediator,directly enhancing resistance to global change stressors via microbial regulation and nutrient cycling.Conversely,protistβ-diversity reduced warming resistance through community destabilization.Structural equation modeling demonstrated dual fragmentation effects:direct moisture-driven functional decline versus indirect biodiversity-mediated stabilization.Stressor-specific mechanisms diverged fungal-nematode synergies buffered nitrogen enrichment impacts,while protist community turnover exacerbated thermal vulnerability.These findings challenge microbial-centric paradigms,highlighting the predominate role of microfauna in regulating soil multifunctionality resistance to global change.Our study highlights that conservation strategies should prioritize preserving larger fragments and soil micro-faunal diversity to sustain multifunctionality under global change,emphasizing the conservation of soil microorganisms such as nematodes and protists in fragmented landscapes.展开更多
How sex-related root traits and soil microbes and their interactions respond to drought remains unclear.Here,we investigated how fine root traits and the composition of rhizosphere microbial communities in Populus eup...How sex-related root traits and soil microbes and their interactions respond to drought remains unclear.Here,we investigated how fine root traits and the composition of rhizosphere microbial communities in Populus euphratica females and males respond to drought in concert in 17-year-old plantations.Females increased specific root length(SRL)in response to drought.However,males showed no changes in their roots but significant increases in arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal biomass and population of Gram-negative bacteria in the rhizosphere.Also,fungal symbiotroph communities associated with root systems in males differed from those in females under drought.We further demonstrated that the Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria ratios positively correlated with the SRL,while fungi to bacteria ratios were negatively correlated.Meanwhile,the relative abundance of symbiotrophs was negatively correlated with the SRL,while saprotroph abundance was positively correlated.Nevertheless,the relative abundance of symbiotrophs was positively correlated with the root carbon content(RCC).These findings indicate that microbial responses to drought depend highly upon the sex of the plant and microbial group and are related to root trait adjustments to drought.This discovery also highlights the role of plant-microbial interactions in the ecosystems of P.euphratica forest plantations.展开更多
基金supported part ia l l y by LIFE4Oak Forests Project LIFE16NAT/IT/000245)the RRF 2.3.121202200008 projectthe MERLiN project funded under the European Commission H2020 Programme(101036337 MERLiN H2020 LC GD 2020)。
文摘Increasing human activity is altering the struc-ture of forests,which affects the composition of communi-ties,including birds.However,little is known about the key forest structure variables that determine the richness of bird communities in European temperate oak forests.We,there-fore,aimed to identify key variables in these habitats that could contribute to the design of management strategies for forest conservation by surveying 11 oak-dominated forest sites throughout the mid-mountain range of Hungary at 86 survey points to reveal the role of different compositional and structural variables for forest stands that influence the breeding bird assemblages in the forests at the functional group and individual species levels.Based on decision tree modelling,our results showed that the density of trees larger than 30 cm DBH was an overall important variable,indi-cating that large-diameter trees were essential to provide diverse bird communities.The total abundance of birds,the foliage-gleaners,primary and secondary cavity nest-ers,residents,and five specific bird species were related to the density of high trunk diameter trees.The abundance of shrub nesters was negatively influenced by a high density of trees over 10 cm DBH.The density of the shrub layer positively affected total bird abundance and the abundance of foliage gleaners,secondary cavity nesters and residents.Analysis of the co-dominant tree species showed that the presence of linden,beech,and hornbeam was important in influencing the abundance of various bird species,e.g.,Eur-asian Treecreeper(Certhia familiaris),Marsh Tit(Poecile palustris)and Wood Warbler(Phylloscopus sibilatrix).Our results indicated that large trees,high tree diversity,and dense shrub layer were essential for forest bird communities and are critical targets for protection to maintain diverse and abundant bird communities in oak-dominated forest habitats.
基金supported by the PIRE Mongolia project funded by the U.S.National Science Foundation(OISE 0729786)supported by the Taylor Family-Asia Foundation Endowed Chair in Ecology and Conservation Biology,Mongoliasupported by a grant funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea(Nos.NRF-2018R1C1B6007755,NRF-2022R1F1A1066643)。
文摘Although fairy rings are widely observed,little is known about the community processes associated with them.Here,we studied fairy rings in a natural grassland in northern Mongolia by sampling soils outside(future stage),directly under(present stage),and within(past stage)the rings,to represent different time stages during the expansion of fairy rings.Soil DNA was extracted for amplicon sequencing of the fungal ITS1 region.The present stage had reduced fungal diversity and different fungal communities toward the other stages.Most strikingly,there was an increase in the pathogenic fungus Gibberella baccata in the present stage of most rings and the saprotrophic fairy ring fungus Lepista luscina in several.However,no mushrooms of Lepista had been recorded from any of these rings during several years of observation.Known fairy ring fungi were not found in the present stage of every ring,even in some known rings to have previously displayed mushrooms of such species.It is possible that these fungi occurred or were more abundant at the unsampled leading edge of the ring.The increase in G.baccata is intriguing,but its importance,if any,is unclear.It is also unclear whether consortia of fungi or other microbes might be present in these rings.The absence or low abundance of the previously reported fairy ring fungal species suggests that their presence is transient,with rapid replacement by other fungi.No differences in soil parameters were found between the fairy ring stages,except for aluminum.There is a need for broader sampling,including analysis of non-fungal biota,to understand the functional diversity of fairy ring fungi and the consequences for plant communities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42177272,32201404,and 32301441)the Junma Program of the Inner Mongolia University(Grant No.10000-23112101/159).
文摘●Habitat fragmentation decreased α-diversity of nematodes and protozoa,but had little effect on β-diversity.●Soil multifunctionality resistance declined with fragmentation intensity(from the large to small islands).●Nematode α-diversity,particularly bacterivorous taxa,directly enhanced multifunctionality resistance.●Protist β-diversity explained multifunctionality resistance to warming.Habitat fragmentation poses significant threats to soil biodiversity and ecosystem stability,yet its impacts on multifunctionality resistance under global change remain unclear.Here,we investigated 61 islands in China’s subtropical Zhelin Lake Reservoir,through experiments simulating multiple stressors,to assess how changes in soil biodiversity induced by habitat fragmentation affect the multifunctionality resistance to nitrogen enrichment,warming,and wetting-drying cycles disturbances.Our results revealed that soil moisture,nematode/protistα-diversity,and multifunctionality resistance(quantified through nutrient cycling stability)declined with fragmentation intensity(from the large to small islands).Nematodeα-diversity,particularly bacterivorous taxa,emerged as a keystone mediator,directly enhancing resistance to global change stressors via microbial regulation and nutrient cycling.Conversely,protistβ-diversity reduced warming resistance through community destabilization.Structural equation modeling demonstrated dual fragmentation effects:direct moisture-driven functional decline versus indirect biodiversity-mediated stabilization.Stressor-specific mechanisms diverged fungal-nematode synergies buffered nitrogen enrichment impacts,while protist community turnover exacerbated thermal vulnerability.These findings challenge microbial-centric paradigms,highlighting the predominate role of microfauna in regulating soil multifunctionality resistance to global change.Our study highlights that conservation strategies should prioritize preserving larger fragments and soil micro-faunal diversity to sustain multifunctionality under global change,emphasizing the conservation of soil microorganisms such as nematodes and protists in fragmented landscapes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1803231).
文摘How sex-related root traits and soil microbes and their interactions respond to drought remains unclear.Here,we investigated how fine root traits and the composition of rhizosphere microbial communities in Populus euphratica females and males respond to drought in concert in 17-year-old plantations.Females increased specific root length(SRL)in response to drought.However,males showed no changes in their roots but significant increases in arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal biomass and population of Gram-negative bacteria in the rhizosphere.Also,fungal symbiotroph communities associated with root systems in males differed from those in females under drought.We further demonstrated that the Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria ratios positively correlated with the SRL,while fungi to bacteria ratios were negatively correlated.Meanwhile,the relative abundance of symbiotrophs was negatively correlated with the SRL,while saprotroph abundance was positively correlated.Nevertheless,the relative abundance of symbiotrophs was positively correlated with the root carbon content(RCC).These findings indicate that microbial responses to drought depend highly upon the sex of the plant and microbial group and are related to root trait adjustments to drought.This discovery also highlights the role of plant-microbial interactions in the ecosystems of P.euphratica forest plantations.
