Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase （ HGPRT, EC 2.4.2.8） is a key enzyme of the purine salvage pathway, which allows recycling of purine bases into DNA and RNA. It is widely distributed in nature and has ...Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase （ HGPRT, EC 2.4.2.8） is a key enzyme of the purine salvage pathway, which allows recycling of purine bases into DNA and RNA. It is widely distributed in nature and has been studied both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In humans, a complete lack of HGPRT activity causes the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, which is characterized by hyperuricaemia and neural disorders,展开更多
In recent years,the depletion risk of fossil fuels has driven increasing interest in renewable energy.Among various technologies,proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)stand out due to their fast startup and high ...In recent years,the depletion risk of fossil fuels has driven increasing interest in renewable energy.Among various technologies,proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)stand out due to their fast startup and high power density.However,the commonly used Nafion membranes suffer from reduced proton conductivity under low humidity and high temperatures,limiting their practical application.Polyoxometalates(POMs),with their excellent proton conductivity and thermal stability,have emerged as promising alternatives.Yet,their high water solubility raises safety concerns,and their water-dependent conduction mechanisms and structure–function relationships remain insufficiently understood.These issues hinder the practical development of POM-based proton conductors.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the key properties and proton conduction mechanisms of POMs,with a particular focus on POM crystals and their composites exhibiting high proton conductivity.Representative studies are analyzed to elucidate design strategies,structure–function relationships,and recent research progress over the past five years.Finally,perspectives and recommendations are proposed to inform future research directions and promote practical applications in the field of proton-conducting materials.展开更多
The study was planned with an objective to assess the level of antisperm antibodies (ASA) in the blood serum and seminal plasma of breeding cow bulls and their relationship with sperm function and fertility tests. ASA...The study was planned with an objective to assess the level of antisperm antibodies (ASA) in the blood serum and seminal plasma of breeding cow bulls and their relationship with sperm function and fertility tests. ASA was analyzed in blood serum and seminal plasma by SpermMar test, Immuno peroxidase assay (IPA) and Enzyme linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA). In SpermMar test, about 54% bulls were with >40% IgG in blood serum against sperm surface antigens, whereas none of the bulls were with >10% IgG in seminal plasma. More than 20% and >10% IgA against sperm surface antigens were detected in the blood serum and seminal plasma of 65.8% and 37% bulls, respectively. Out of 26 bulls, seminal plasma of 21 bulls reacted with spermatozoa both in IPA and IgA latex particles and that of only 12 bulls reacted with IgG. In IPA, about 50% of the bulls had >40% ASA against head surface antigens, whereas, there were 23% bulls with >10% ASA in seminal plasma. Also ELISA indicated a higher antibody titre in blood serum (3200 - 6400) and seminal plasma (40 - 80) of 50% and 42% bulls, respectively. There were 11 bulls with low values of HOST/in vitro acrosome reaction/cervical mucus penetration assay and higher level of either serum or seminal plasma ASA. Our study revealed that a significant level of ASA in serum or seminal plasma may have effect on the fertility of bulls by affecting the sperm function.展开更多
乳源免疫调节肽(immunomodulatory peptides from milk,IPM)是一类具有免疫调节、抗菌、抗氧化等多种生物活性的多肽。相比于微生物发酵法,酶法制备因其酶切位点特异性强、产物结构明确、过程可控性高成为制备高活性、标准化IPM的首选...乳源免疫调节肽(immunomodulatory peptides from milk,IPM)是一类具有免疫调节、抗菌、抗氧化等多种生物活性的多肽。相比于微生物发酵法,酶法制备因其酶切位点特异性强、产物结构明确、过程可控性高成为制备高活性、标准化IPM的首选策略。本文综述近年来酶法制备IPM的关键进展,阐述酶选择策略,从电荷、疏水性及肽链长度三方面解析IPM构效关系,并探讨IPM在调节先天与适应性免疫中的双向机制,指出当前产业化面临的苦味去除、膜污染控制及口服生物利用度低等核心挑战。未来研究应结合人工智能辅助的虚拟筛选与纳米封装技术,以突破IPM的应用瓶颈。展开更多
s Western Yunnan is located at the boundary of collision or underthrusting zone of Eurasian plate and is influenced by many times tectonic movements. With very complex geological environment and tectonic background, i...s Western Yunnan is located at the boundary of collision or underthrusting zone of Eurasian plate and is influenced by many times tectonic movements. With very complex geological environment and tectonic background, it is one of the seismically active areas. In the paper, the teleseismic records were selected from 16 national, local and mo-bile stations, including 4 very-wide-band mobile stations of PASSCAL. And nearly 2 000 receiver functions were extracted. Two measuring lines are 650 km and 450 km, respectively and across some major tectonic units in Western Yunnan. It is indicated that Nujiang might be a seam characterized by underthrusting. The western and eastern boundaries of Sichuan-Yunnan rhombus block, i.e., Honghe and Xiaojiang faults, might be an erection seam or collision belt. Panxi tectonic zone still has the characteristics of continental rift valley, that is, the surface is hollow and the upper mantle is upwarping. The tectonic situation in Western Yunnan is of certain regulation with the interlacing distribution of orogenic zone and seam. The crustal thickness decreases gradually from the north to the south and the S wave velocity is globally lower here.展开更多
目的:本研究旨在通过孟德尔随机化(mendelian randomization,MR)方法,探讨5种甲状腺功能指标与甲状腺癌之间是否存在因果关系。方法:从IEU Open GWAS数据库获取甲状腺功能汇总数据,从IEU Open GWAS数据库及芬兰数据库提取甲状腺癌GWAS...目的:本研究旨在通过孟德尔随机化(mendelian randomization,MR)方法,探讨5种甲状腺功能指标与甲状腺癌之间是否存在因果关系。方法:从IEU Open GWAS数据库获取甲状腺功能汇总数据,从IEU Open GWAS数据库及芬兰数据库提取甲状腺癌GWAS数据。采用逆方差加权法,同时使用其他4种分析方法进行补充(包括加权中位数法、MR-Egger回归、简单众数法、加权众数法),进行双样本MR分析。此外,采用MR-Egger截距和MR-PRESSO方法进行基因多效性检测,Cochran Q检验及留一法评估结果的异质性和敏感性,并进行反向MR分析。结果:MR分析结果显示,甲状腺过氧化物酶(thyroid peroxidase,TPO)水平升高与滤泡状甲状腺癌(follicular thyroid cancer,FTC)发生风险呈负相关(OR=0.504,95%CI:0.299~0.848,P=0.010)。多效性检验(P=0.757)与MR-PRESSO全局检验(P=0.973)均未检测到明显的水平多效性。异质性检验表明不存在异质性(P=0.963)。反向MR分析结果显示,FTC与TPO之间没有显著相关性(P>0.05)。功能富集分析结果显示,TPO主要与细胞粘附、细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用等信号通路有关。结论:高水平TPO能够降低FTC的患病风险。展开更多
文摘Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase （ HGPRT, EC 2.4.2.8） is a key enzyme of the purine salvage pathway, which allows recycling of purine bases into DNA and RNA. It is widely distributed in nature and has been studied both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In humans, a complete lack of HGPRT activity causes the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, which is characterized by hyperuricaemia and neural disorders,
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22203027 and U22A20107)the Henan Province Science and Technology Attack Plan Project(No.242102230020)+6 种基金the Students Innovative Pilot Plan of Henan University(Nos.202510475004 and XJ2025182)“Grassland Talents”of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.NJYT23030)Technology Breakthrough Engineering Hydrogen Energy Field“Unveiling and Leading”Project(No.2024KJTW0018)“Steed plan High level Talents”of Inner Mongolia University,Carbon neutralization research project(No.STZX202218)Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation(No.2023MS02002)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion(No.MATEC2024KF011)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFA1205201).
文摘In recent years,the depletion risk of fossil fuels has driven increasing interest in renewable energy.Among various technologies,proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)stand out due to their fast startup and high power density.However,the commonly used Nafion membranes suffer from reduced proton conductivity under low humidity and high temperatures,limiting their practical application.Polyoxometalates(POMs),with their excellent proton conductivity and thermal stability,have emerged as promising alternatives.Yet,their high water solubility raises safety concerns,and their water-dependent conduction mechanisms and structure–function relationships remain insufficiently understood.These issues hinder the practical development of POM-based proton conductors.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the key properties and proton conduction mechanisms of POMs,with a particular focus on POM crystals and their composites exhibiting high proton conductivity.Representative studies are analyzed to elucidate design strategies,structure–function relationships,and recent research progress over the past five years.Finally,perspectives and recommendations are proposed to inform future research directions and promote practical applications in the field of proton-conducting materials.
文摘The study was planned with an objective to assess the level of antisperm antibodies (ASA) in the blood serum and seminal plasma of breeding cow bulls and their relationship with sperm function and fertility tests. ASA was analyzed in blood serum and seminal plasma by SpermMar test, Immuno peroxidase assay (IPA) and Enzyme linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA). In SpermMar test, about 54% bulls were with >40% IgG in blood serum against sperm surface antigens, whereas none of the bulls were with >10% IgG in seminal plasma. More than 20% and >10% IgA against sperm surface antigens were detected in the blood serum and seminal plasma of 65.8% and 37% bulls, respectively. Out of 26 bulls, seminal plasma of 21 bulls reacted with spermatozoa both in IPA and IgA latex particles and that of only 12 bulls reacted with IgG. In IPA, about 50% of the bulls had >40% ASA against head surface antigens, whereas, there were 23% bulls with >10% ASA in seminal plasma. Also ELISA indicated a higher antibody titre in blood serum (3200 - 6400) and seminal plasma (40 - 80) of 50% and 42% bulls, respectively. There were 11 bulls with low values of HOST/in vitro acrosome reaction/cervical mucus penetration assay and higher level of either serum or seminal plasma ASA. Our study revealed that a significant level of ASA in serum or seminal plasma may have effect on the fertility of bulls by affecting the sperm function.
文摘乳源免疫调节肽(immunomodulatory peptides from milk,IPM)是一类具有免疫调节、抗菌、抗氧化等多种生物活性的多肽。相比于微生物发酵法,酶法制备因其酶切位点特异性强、产物结构明确、过程可控性高成为制备高活性、标准化IPM的首选策略。本文综述近年来酶法制备IPM的关键进展,阐述酶选择策略,从电荷、疏水性及肽链长度三方面解析IPM构效关系,并探讨IPM在调节先天与适应性免疫中的双向机制,指出当前产业化面临的苦味去除、膜污染控制及口服生物利用度低等核心挑战。未来研究应结合人工智能辅助的虚拟筛选与纳米封装技术,以突破IPM的应用瓶颈。
基金State Key Basic Research Development and Programming Project of China (G1998040700).
文摘s Western Yunnan is located at the boundary of collision or underthrusting zone of Eurasian plate and is influenced by many times tectonic movements. With very complex geological environment and tectonic background, it is one of the seismically active areas. In the paper, the teleseismic records were selected from 16 national, local and mo-bile stations, including 4 very-wide-band mobile stations of PASSCAL. And nearly 2 000 receiver functions were extracted. Two measuring lines are 650 km and 450 km, respectively and across some major tectonic units in Western Yunnan. It is indicated that Nujiang might be a seam characterized by underthrusting. The western and eastern boundaries of Sichuan-Yunnan rhombus block, i.e., Honghe and Xiaojiang faults, might be an erection seam or collision belt. Panxi tectonic zone still has the characteristics of continental rift valley, that is, the surface is hollow and the upper mantle is upwarping. The tectonic situation in Western Yunnan is of certain regulation with the interlacing distribution of orogenic zone and seam. The crustal thickness decreases gradually from the north to the south and the S wave velocity is globally lower here.
文摘目的:本研究旨在通过孟德尔随机化(mendelian randomization,MR)方法,探讨5种甲状腺功能指标与甲状腺癌之间是否存在因果关系。方法:从IEU Open GWAS数据库获取甲状腺功能汇总数据,从IEU Open GWAS数据库及芬兰数据库提取甲状腺癌GWAS数据。采用逆方差加权法,同时使用其他4种分析方法进行补充(包括加权中位数法、MR-Egger回归、简单众数法、加权众数法),进行双样本MR分析。此外,采用MR-Egger截距和MR-PRESSO方法进行基因多效性检测,Cochran Q检验及留一法评估结果的异质性和敏感性,并进行反向MR分析。结果:MR分析结果显示,甲状腺过氧化物酶(thyroid peroxidase,TPO)水平升高与滤泡状甲状腺癌(follicular thyroid cancer,FTC)发生风险呈负相关(OR=0.504,95%CI:0.299~0.848,P=0.010)。多效性检验(P=0.757)与MR-PRESSO全局检验(P=0.973)均未检测到明显的水平多效性。异质性检验表明不存在异质性(P=0.963)。反向MR分析结果显示,FTC与TPO之间没有显著相关性(P>0.05)。功能富集分析结果显示,TPO主要与细胞粘附、细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用等信号通路有关。结论:高水平TPO能够降低FTC的患病风险。
