Traditional wooden joinery is the craft of connecting wood pieces for buildings or producing utensils by utilizing only the geometry of the components and material properties of the wood,without other materials such a...Traditional wooden joinery is the craft of connecting wood pieces for buildings or producing utensils by utilizing only the geometry of the components and material properties of the wood,without other materials such as glue or metal connectors.In its thousands of years of tradition,this construction technique has achieved high accomplishment in both East Asian and European architectural civilizations.Although sharing the same basic principles,joinery techniques vary between regions and cultures,rooted in the geographical environment,available wood species and their material properties,characteristics of craftsmanship,tools,and structural systems.Wood framing systems from China,Japan,and Western Europe are selected for comparison to assess the relationship between wood joinery and other aspects of building technology.The main conclusions include:in East Asia,the building tradition pays great attention to the design and execution of joinery(sunmao榫卯),making it responsible for multiple functions including architectural mechanics and the stability of the entire frame,which leads to a broader role meant by the term“joint”itself,while in Europe joinery is treated as the“node”or literally“joint”of the structure.Although in both East Asia and Europe wooden joinery serves as an aesthetic factor of the structure,its expression in East Asia is subtle,veiled,and restrained,while in Europe it is explicit and direct.The most important lesson we learn from the study of traditional joinery technology is that it should be seen in the context of the building process as a whole,taking into account geographical environment,material resources,craftsmanship,tools,construction methods,structural form,and the structural system.展开更多
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Large Language Models(LLMs)has led to their increasing integration into various domains,from text generation and translation to question-answering.However,a crit...The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Large Language Models(LLMs)has led to their increasing integration into various domains,from text generation and translation to question-answering.However,a critical question remains:do these sophisticated models,much like humans,exhibit susceptibility to cognitive biases?Understanding the presence and nature of such biases in AI is paramount for assessing their reliability,enhancing their performance,and predicting their societal impact.This research specifically investigates the susceptibility of Google’s Gemini 1.5 Pro and DeepSeek,two prominent LLMs,to framing effects and confirmation bias.The study meticulously designed a series of experimental trials,systematically manipulating information proportions and presentation orders to evaluate these biases.In the framing effect experiment,a genetic testing decision-making scenario was constructed.The proportion of positive and negative information(e.g.,20%,50%,or 80%positive)and their presentation order were varied.The models’inclination towards undergoing genetic testing was recorded.For the confirmation bias experiment,two reports-one positive and one negative-about“RoboTaxi”autonomous vehicles were provided.The proportion of erroneous information within these reports(10%,30%,and 50%)and their presentation order were systematically altered,and the models’support for each report was assessed.The findings demonstrate that both Gemini 1.5 Pro and DeepSeek are susceptible to framing effects.In the genetic testing scenario,their decision-making was primarily influenced by the proportion of positive and negative information presented.When the proportion of positive information was higher,both models showed a greater inclination to recommend or proceed with genetic testing.Conversely,a higher proportion of negative information led to greater caution or a tendency not to recommend the testing.Importantly,the order in which this information was presented did not significantly influence their decisions in the framing effect scenarios.Regarding confirmation bias,the two models exhibited distinct behaviors.Gemini 1.5 Pro did not show an overall preference for either positive or negative reports.However,its judgments were significantly influenced by the order of information presentation,demonstrating a“recency effect,”meaning it tended to support the report presented later.The proportion of erroneous information within the reports had no significant impact on Gemini 1.5 Pro’s decisions.In contrast,DeepSeek exhibited an overall confirmation bias,showing a clear preference for positive reports.Similar to Gemini 1.5 Pro,DeepSeek’s decisions were also significantly affected by the order of information presentation,while the proportion of misinformation had no significant effect.These results reveal human-like cognitive vulnerabilities in advanced LLMs,highlighting critical challenges to their reliability and objectivity in decision-making processes.Gemini 1.5 Pro’s sensitivity to presentation order and DeepSeek’s general preference for positive information,coupled with its sensitivity to order,underscore the need for careful evaluation of potential cognitive biases during the development and application of AI.The study suggests that effective measures are necessary to mitigate these biases and prevent potential negative societal impacts.Future research should include a broader range of models for comparative analysis and explore more complex interactive scenarios to further understand and address these phenomena.The findings contribute significantly to understanding the limitations and capabilities of current AI systems,guiding their responsible development,and anticipating their potential societal implications.展开更多
At present,strengthening China’s international communication capabilities and enhancing China’s global influence have become important tasks.This study selects 60 pieces of soft news from China Daily from March 2023...At present,strengthening China’s international communication capabilities and enhancing China’s global influence have become important tasks.This study selects 60 pieces of soft news from China Daily from March 2023 to February 2024 as research objects and explores China’s national image from the source texts.Then,based on Mona Baker’s narrative theory,it analyzes the translation strategies to reconstruct the image of China,further revealing the regular characteristics of their application.Through translation,the reconstructed national image of China becomes more positive and more acceptable to foreign readers,effectively promoting the dissemination of Chinese stories in the international community.It is significant for promoting international understanding and cooperation,as well as effectively utilizing translation as a tool to enhance China’s national image.展开更多
As an emerging media format with immense growth potential,micro-dramas(MDs)carry the critical mission of inheriting and innovating China’s fine traditional culture in the new era.From the three dimensions of time,spa...As an emerging media format with immense growth potential,micro-dramas(MDs)carry the critical mission of inheriting and innovating China’s fine traditional culture in the new era.From the three dimensions of time,space,and landscape in media geography,the pathways for cultural inheritance and innovation through MDs can be summarized as follows:Temporally,cultural MDs construct cultural narratives from the“past”to the“future;”spatially,they build immersive cultural spaces blending reality and imagination,enhancing viewers’audiovisual experiences;through the interplay of time and space,they create diversified cultural landscapes on new media platforms,revitalize enduring cultural memories and foster a sense of community for the Chinese nation through media innovation.展开更多
Carbonates present complex pore systems that strongly influence the physical properties and their interrelationships.This study proposes a new approach to establish pore-type mixing-based permeability transforms by in...Carbonates present complex pore systems that strongly influence the physical properties and their interrelationships.This study proposes a new approach to establish pore-type mixing-based permeability transforms by integrating well-log and core data.We investigate the influence of pore-structure heterogeneity on permeability and velocity through the rock-frame flexibility factors(γ and γ_(μ)),derivable using standard sonic and density logs.We derive permeability transforms,with correlation coefficients,R of 0.8 to 0.9,from core measurements and pore-structure variations-dependent physical parameters,namely the porosity exponent(m),Poisson’s ratio(σ),velocity deviation log(VDL),and velocity ratio(VR).Through extrapolation using log-data,the m-and VDL-based correlations provide significantly better permeability estimates,with the highest accuracy attained with the m-based correlation,whereas the VR-andσ-based correlations lead to permeability overes-timation for high porosities.We plotted log-derived porosity vs.permeability,obtained applying the m-based correlation,to generate consistent porosity-permeability relationships,which account for pore-structure heterogeneity,by sorting the scattering points into distinct groups/trends by considering the variations of pore-structure types and abundance of a specific porosity.For the studied oilfield,three porosity-permeability relationships are identified,with correlation coefficients approaching 0.9,thus validating the approach and supporting its application in petrophysically similar reservoirs.展开更多
State this study looks at how well a three-phase bidirectional converter works for Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G)services by using both Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)and Proportional-Integral(PI)controllers.When c...State this study looks at how well a three-phase bidirectional converter works for Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G)services by using both Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)and Proportional-Integral(PI)controllers.When compared with ANFIS controllers,traditional controllers such as PI and PID show challenges.They may not sufficiently react to changing conditions or non-linearity’s and use fixed gain values requiring hand tuning.By means of learning,ANFIS controllers can thus dynamically change their parameters,so providing enhanced accuracy and flexibility in real-time control.The main objectives are to control the DC link voltage,lower total harmonic distortion(THD),and lower the errors.The Synchronous Reference Frame(SRF)transformation changes three-phase AC into a two-axis(d-q)system,making it easier to control active and reactive power separately.We developed a thorough Simulink model in MATLAB 2023a to model the bidirectional off-board fast charger at a power level of 60 kW.After validation,a 5-kW hardware prototype was built in the lab.The main platform is an AC-DC converter,followed by a DC-DC converter.A programmable DC power supply,Chroma 62050H-600S,connected to the DC-DC converter,mimics the dynamic characteristics of a battery.The control algorithm,deployed on a Spartan-6 LX9 FPGA,manages both voltage and current,maintaining a stable DC link voltage of 800 V.The results obtained indicate that the ANFIS controller outperforms a conventional PI controller when handling dynamic load variations.展开更多
The primary synchronization signal and the secondary synchronization signal are respectively used to fulfill the subframe and frame synchronization in the long term evolution （LTE） systems. Based on the assumption t...The primary synchronization signal and the secondary synchronization signal are respectively used to fulfill the subframe and frame synchronization in the long term evolution （LTE） systems. Based on the assumption that the channel frequency response of the primary synchronization signal symbol is nearly the same as that of the secondary synchronization symbol in frequency division duplex-LTE （FDD-LTE）, a new synchronization method is proposed. The frame synchronization success probability is simulated in different wireless channel models and the Mento-Carlo method is used in the simulation. Simulation results show that if the LMMSE channel estimation is adopted, the proposed method is robust at a low signal noise ratio （SNR） scenario and works well when cartier frequency offset and fast Fourier transform （FFT） window timing offset are considered in practical applications. The frame synchronization success probability can still exceed 99% with an SNR of 0 dB when the maximum Doppler shift is very large, which means that this robust frame synchronization method can be applicable in most mobile situations. Simulation results also show that the success probability of the proposed frame synchronization method is higher than that of the method which fulfills the frame synchronization through correlating the received secondary synchronization symbol with local sequences in practical applications.展开更多
MTL(Monoidal T-norm based logic)代数是基于左连续三角模的模糊逻辑系统的语义代数,而理想理论是研究MTL代数性质的重要工具。利用加法运算给出了MTL代数理想的等价刻画和生成理想的具体结构。通过定义交、并、蕴涵与补运算,证明了全...MTL(Monoidal T-norm based logic)代数是基于左连续三角模的模糊逻辑系统的语义代数,而理想理论是研究MTL代数性质的重要工具。利用加法运算给出了MTL代数理想的等价刻画和生成理想的具体结构。通过定义交、并、蕴涵与补运算,证明了全体理想之集在集合的包含序下是一个代数格。同时,给出了由全体理想之集构成MTL代数和对合MTL代数的充分且必要条件。展开更多
There exist three problems in the calculation of lateral vibration of the train-track time-variant system athome and abroad and the method to solve them is presented. Spatially coupling vibration analysis model of tra...There exist three problems in the calculation of lateral vibration of the train-track time-variant system athome and abroad and the method to solve them is presented. Spatially coupling vibration analysis model of train-track time-variant system is put forward. Each vehicle is modeled as a multi-body system with 26 degrees of freedomand the action of coupler is also considered. The track structure is modeled as an assembly of track elements with 30degrees of freedom, then the spatially coupling vibration matrix equation of the train-track time-variant system is es-tablished on the basis of the principle of total potential energy with stationary value and the "set-in-right-position"rule. The track vertical geometric irregularity is considered as the excitation source of the vertical vibration of thesystem, and the hunting wave of car bogie frame is taken as the excitation source of lateral vibration of the system.The spatially coupling vibration matrix equation of the system is solved by Wilson-θ direct integration method. Theapproximation of the calculated results to the spot test results demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of thepresented analysis method. Finally, some other vibration responses of the system are also obtained.展开更多
The workpiece frames relative to each robot base frame should be known in advance for the proper operation of twin-robot nondestructive testing system. However, when two robots are separated from the workpieces, the t...The workpiece frames relative to each robot base frame should be known in advance for the proper operation of twin-robot nondestructive testing system. However, when two robots are separated from the workpieces, the twin robots cannot reach the same point to complete the process of workpiece frame positioning. Thus, a new method is proposed to solve the problem of coincidence between workpiece frames. Transformation between two robot base frames is initiated by measuring the coordinate values of three non-collinear calibration points. The relationship between the workpiece frame and that of the slave robot base frame is then determined according to the known transformation of two robot base frames, as well as the relationship between the workpiece frame and that of the master robot base frame. Only one robot is required to actually measure the coordinate values of the calibration points on the workpiece. This requirement is beneficial when one of the robots cannot reach and measure the calibration points. The coordinate values of the calibration points are derived by driving the robot hand to the points and recording the values of top center point（TCP） coordinates. The translation and rotation matrices relate either the two robot base frames or the workpiece and master robot. The coordinated are solved using the measured values of the calibration points according to the Cartesian transformation principle. An optimal method is developed based on exponential mapping of Lie algebra to ensure that the rotation matrix is orthogonal. Experimental results show that this method involves fewer steps, offers significant advantages in terms of operation and time-saving. A method used to synchronize workpiece frames in twin-robot system automatically is presented.展开更多
A flame length optimization scheme is proposed for multi-antenna downlink systems to guarantee diverse delay- bound violation probability constraints. Due to the difficulties of extracting the quality of service （QoS...A flame length optimization scheme is proposed for multi-antenna downlink systems to guarantee diverse delay- bound violation probability constraints. Due to the difficulties of extracting the quality of service （QoS） metrics from the conventional physical-layer channel models, the link-layer models named effective bandwidth and effective capacity are applied to statistically characterize the source traffic patterns and the queuing service dynamics. With these link-layer models, the source traffic process and the channel service process are mapped to certain QoS parameters. The packet delay-bound violation probability constraints are converted into minimum data rate constraints and the optimization problem is thus formulated into simultaneous inequalities. With the assumption of ergodic block-fading channels, the optimal frame lengths of single-user and multiuser systems are calculated respectively by numerical iterative methods. Theoretical analyses and simulation results show that the given delay-bound violation probability constraints are well satisfied with the optimal frame length.展开更多
An ultrafast framing camera with a pulse-dilation device,a microchannel plate(MCP)imager,and an electronic imaging system were reported.The camera achieved a temporal resolution of 10 ps by using a pulse-dilation devi...An ultrafast framing camera with a pulse-dilation device,a microchannel plate(MCP)imager,and an electronic imaging system were reported.The camera achieved a temporal resolution of 10 ps by using a pulse-dilation device and gated MCP imager,and a spatial resolution of 100μm by using an electronic imaging system comprising combined magnetic lenses.The spatial resolution characteristics of the camera were studied both theoretically and experimentally.The results showed that the camera with combined magnetic lenses reduced the field curvature and acquired a larger working area.A working area with a diameter of 53 mm was created by applying four magnetic lenses to the camera.Furthermore,the camera was used to detect the X-rays produced by the laser-targeting device.The diagnostic results indicated that the width of the X-ray pulse was approximately 18 ps.展开更多
Wi-Fi devices have limited battery life because of which conserving battery life is imperative. The 802.11 Wi-Fi standard provides power management feature that allows stations(STAs) to enter into sleep state to prese...Wi-Fi devices have limited battery life because of which conserving battery life is imperative. The 802.11 Wi-Fi standard provides power management feature that allows stations(STAs) to enter into sleep state to preserve energy without any frame losses. After the STA wakes up, it sends a null data or PS-Poll frame to retrieve frame(s) buffered by the access point(AP), if any during its sleep period. An attacker can launch a power save denial of service(PS-DoS) attack on the sleeping STA(s) by transmitting a spoofed null data or PS-Poll frame(s) to retrieve the buffered frame(s) of the sleeping STA(s) from the AP causing frame losses for the targeted STA(s). Current approaches to prevent or detect the PS-DoS attack require encryption,change in protocol or installation of proprietary hardware. These solutions suffer from expensive setup, maintenance, scalability and deployment issues. The PS-DoS attack does not differ in semantics or statistics under normal and attack circumstances.So signature and anomaly based intrusion detection system(IDS) are unfit to detect the PS-DoS attack. In this paper we propose a timed IDS based on real time discrete event system(RTDES) for detecting PS-DoS attack. The proposed DES based IDS overcomes the drawbacks of existing systems and detects the PS-DoS attack with high accuracy and detection rate. The correctness of the RTDES based IDS is proved by experimenting all possible attack scenarios.展开更多
This paper presents the results of a parametric study of self-centering seismic retrofit schemes for reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings. The self-centering retrofit system features flag-shaped hysteresis and min...This paper presents the results of a parametric study of self-centering seismic retrofit schemes for reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings. The self-centering retrofit system features flag-shaped hysteresis and minimal residual deformation. For comparison purpose,an alternate seismic retrofit scheme that uses a bilinear-hysteresis retrofit system such as buckling-restrained braces (BRB) is also considered in this paper. The parametric study was carried out in a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system framework since a multi-story building structure may be idealized as an equivalent SDOF system and investigation of the performance of this equivalent SDOF system can provide insight into the seismic response of the multi-story building. A peak-oriented hysteresis model which can consider the strength and stiffness degradation is used to describe the hysteretic behavior of RC structures. The parametric study involves two key parameters -the strength ratio and elastic stiffness ratio between the seismic retrofit system and the original RC frame. An ensemble of 172 earthquake ground motion records scaled to the design basis earthquake in California with a probability of exceedance of 10% in 50 years was constructed for the simulation-based parametric study. The effectiveness of the two seismic retrofit schemes considered in this study is evaluated in terms of peak displacement ratio,peak acceleration ratio,energy dissipation demand ratio and residual displacement ratio between the SDOF systems with and without retrofit. It is found from this parametric study that RC structures retrofitted with the self-centering retrofit scheme (SCRS) can achieve a seismic performance level comparable to the bilinear-hysteresis retrofit scheme (BHRS) in terms of peak displacement and energy dissipation demand ratio while having negligible residual displacement after earthquake.展开更多
A full-scale, two-story, two-by-one bay, steel braced-frame was subjected to a number of unidirectional ground motions using three shake tables at the UNR-NEES site. The test-bed frame was designed to study the seismi...A full-scale, two-story, two-by-one bay, steel braced-frame was subjected to a number of unidirectional ground motions using three shake tables at the UNR-NEES site. The test-bed frame was designed to study the seismic performance of nonstructural systems including steel-framed gypsum partition walls, suspended ceilings and fire sprinkler systems. The frame can be configured to perform as an elastic or inelastic system to generate large floor accelerations or large inter story drift, respectively. In this study, the dynamic performance of the linear and nonlinear test-beds was comprehensively studied. The seismic performance of nonstructural systems installed in the linear and nonlinear test-beds were assessed during extreme excitations. In addition, the dynamic interactions of the test-bed and installed nonstructural systems are investigated.展开更多
This paper presents the experimental and numerical studies conducted on a steel column and a steel frame structure using free vibration analysis.The effects of damages on structures were investigated,which were simula...This paper presents the experimental and numerical studies conducted on a steel column and a steel frame structure using free vibration analysis.The effects of damages on structures were investigated,which were simulated by introducing multiple cracks at different locations in the experimental and numerical models.The acceleration responses of the test models,were recorded through an accelerometer,and were used to calibrate the numerical models developed in finite element based software.Modal frequencies of damaged and undamaged structures were compared and analyzed,to derive relationships for damaged and undamaged structures’frequencies in terms of crack depth.It was found that,due to the presence of cracks,the mechanical properties of a structure changes,whereby,the modal frequencies decrease.An approximately linear trend was observed for the frequency decrease with the increase in crack depth,which was also confirmed by the numerical models.The derived relationships were extended to further develop a mechanics-based damage scale for steel structures,to help facilitate structural health monitoring and screening of vulnerable structures.展开更多
People as third-party observers,without direct self-interest,may punish norm violators to maintain social norms.However,third-party judgment and the follow-up punishment might be susceptible to the way we frame(i.e.,v...People as third-party observers,without direct self-interest,may punish norm violators to maintain social norms.However,third-party judgment and the follow-up punishment might be susceptible to the way we frame(i.e.,verbally describe)a norm violation.We conducted a behavioral and a neuroimaging experiment to investigate the above phenomenon,which we call the“third-party framing effect”.In these experiments,participants observed an anonymous perpetrator deciding whether to keep her/his economic benefit while exposing a victim to a risk of physical pain(described as“harming others”in one condition and“not helping others”in the other condition),then they had a chance to punish that perpetrator at their own cost.Our results showed that the participants were more willing to execute third-party punishment under the harm frame compared to the help frame,manifesting a framing effect.Self-reported anger toward perpetrators mediated the relationship between empathy toward victims and the framing effect.Meanwhile,activation of the insula mediated the relationship between mid-cingulate cortex activation and the framing effect;the functional connectivity between these regions significantly predicted the size of the framing effect.These findings shed light on the psychological and neural mechanisms of the third-party framing effect.展开更多
A model system was employed to study the operating conditions and primary parameters of enzymic hydrolysis of cod proteins. Pancreatin, papain, and bromelain were used to hydrolyse minced cod fillets under controlled ...A model system was employed to study the operating conditions and primary parameters of enzymic hydrolysis of cod proteins. Pancreatin, papain, and bromelain were used to hydrolyse minced cod fillets under controlled conditions and with the rate of hydrolysis being continually monitored via both the pH-stat and TNBS method. The two methods were compared and evaluated. The rate of protein solubilisation was plotted against the degree of hydrolysis (DH). Dry fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) powders having short, medium and high degrees of hydrolysis (DH of approximately 8%, 11% and 16% respectively) were produced and analysed for their molecular weight distribution, using size exclusion chromatography. Almost complete protein solubilisation (75 g soluble protein per kg hydrolysis solution) could be achieved within an hour, at 40oC, at 1% enzyme/substrate ratio (w/w) with papain and bromelain. The pH-stat was found capable of continuously following the rate of hydrolysis but only at low DH. The TNBS could be accurately used even at high DH to estimate the percentage of the peptide bonds cleaved, but required chemical analysis of withdrawn samples.展开更多
Frame and frequency synchronization are essential for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems. The frame offset owing to incorrect start point position of the fast Fourier transform （FFT） window,...Frame and frequency synchronization are essential for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems. The frame offset owing to incorrect start point position of the fast Fourier transform （FFT） window, and the carrier frequency offset （CFO） due to Doppler frequency shift or the frequency mismatch between the transmitter and receiver oscil ators, can bring severe inter-symbol interference （ISI） and inter-carrier interference （ICI） for the OFDM system. Relying on the relatively good correlation charac-teristic of the pseudo-noise （PN） sequence, a joint frame offset and normalized CFO estimation algorithm based on PN preamble in time domain is developed to realize the frame and frequency synchronization in the OFDM system. By comparison, the perfor-mances of the traditional algorithm and the improved algorithm are simulated under different conditions. The results indicate that the PN preamble based algorithm both in frame offset estimation and CFO estimation is more accurate, resource-saving and robust even under poor channel condition, such as low signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） and large normalized CFO.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52008194)。
文摘Traditional wooden joinery is the craft of connecting wood pieces for buildings or producing utensils by utilizing only the geometry of the components and material properties of the wood,without other materials such as glue or metal connectors.In its thousands of years of tradition,this construction technique has achieved high accomplishment in both East Asian and European architectural civilizations.Although sharing the same basic principles,joinery techniques vary between regions and cultures,rooted in the geographical environment,available wood species and their material properties,characteristics of craftsmanship,tools,and structural systems.Wood framing systems from China,Japan,and Western Europe are selected for comparison to assess the relationship between wood joinery and other aspects of building technology.The main conclusions include:in East Asia,the building tradition pays great attention to the design and execution of joinery(sunmao榫卯),making it responsible for multiple functions including architectural mechanics and the stability of the entire frame,which leads to a broader role meant by the term“joint”itself,while in Europe joinery is treated as the“node”or literally“joint”of the structure.Although in both East Asia and Europe wooden joinery serves as an aesthetic factor of the structure,its expression in East Asia is subtle,veiled,and restrained,while in Europe it is explicit and direct.The most important lesson we learn from the study of traditional joinery technology is that it should be seen in the context of the building process as a whole,taking into account geographical environment,material resources,craftsmanship,tools,construction methods,structural form,and the structural system.
文摘The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Large Language Models(LLMs)has led to their increasing integration into various domains,from text generation and translation to question-answering.However,a critical question remains:do these sophisticated models,much like humans,exhibit susceptibility to cognitive biases?Understanding the presence and nature of such biases in AI is paramount for assessing their reliability,enhancing their performance,and predicting their societal impact.This research specifically investigates the susceptibility of Google’s Gemini 1.5 Pro and DeepSeek,two prominent LLMs,to framing effects and confirmation bias.The study meticulously designed a series of experimental trials,systematically manipulating information proportions and presentation orders to evaluate these biases.In the framing effect experiment,a genetic testing decision-making scenario was constructed.The proportion of positive and negative information(e.g.,20%,50%,or 80%positive)and their presentation order were varied.The models’inclination towards undergoing genetic testing was recorded.For the confirmation bias experiment,two reports-one positive and one negative-about“RoboTaxi”autonomous vehicles were provided.The proportion of erroneous information within these reports(10%,30%,and 50%)and their presentation order were systematically altered,and the models’support for each report was assessed.The findings demonstrate that both Gemini 1.5 Pro and DeepSeek are susceptible to framing effects.In the genetic testing scenario,their decision-making was primarily influenced by the proportion of positive and negative information presented.When the proportion of positive information was higher,both models showed a greater inclination to recommend or proceed with genetic testing.Conversely,a higher proportion of negative information led to greater caution or a tendency not to recommend the testing.Importantly,the order in which this information was presented did not significantly influence their decisions in the framing effect scenarios.Regarding confirmation bias,the two models exhibited distinct behaviors.Gemini 1.5 Pro did not show an overall preference for either positive or negative reports.However,its judgments were significantly influenced by the order of information presentation,demonstrating a“recency effect,”meaning it tended to support the report presented later.The proportion of erroneous information within the reports had no significant impact on Gemini 1.5 Pro’s decisions.In contrast,DeepSeek exhibited an overall confirmation bias,showing a clear preference for positive reports.Similar to Gemini 1.5 Pro,DeepSeek’s decisions were also significantly affected by the order of information presentation,while the proportion of misinformation had no significant effect.These results reveal human-like cognitive vulnerabilities in advanced LLMs,highlighting critical challenges to their reliability and objectivity in decision-making processes.Gemini 1.5 Pro’s sensitivity to presentation order and DeepSeek’s general preference for positive information,coupled with its sensitivity to order,underscore the need for careful evaluation of potential cognitive biases during the development and application of AI.The study suggests that effective measures are necessary to mitigate these biases and prevent potential negative societal impacts.Future research should include a broader range of models for comparative analysis and explore more complex interactive scenarios to further understand and address these phenomena.The findings contribute significantly to understanding the limitations and capabilities of current AI systems,guiding their responsible development,and anticipating their potential societal implications.
文摘At present,strengthening China’s international communication capabilities and enhancing China’s global influence have become important tasks.This study selects 60 pieces of soft news from China Daily from March 2023 to February 2024 as research objects and explores China’s national image from the source texts.Then,based on Mona Baker’s narrative theory,it analyzes the translation strategies to reconstruct the image of China,further revealing the regular characteristics of their application.Through translation,the reconstructed national image of China becomes more positive and more acceptable to foreign readers,effectively promoting the dissemination of Chinese stories in the international community.It is significant for promoting international understanding and cooperation,as well as effectively utilizing translation as a tool to enhance China’s national image.
基金supported by“Reliable,Admirable,Respectable:The Inheritance and Innovation of Li Bai’s Image in ACG Media”(Project No.LB24-A05)funded by the Research Center of Libai,a Key Research Base for Philosophy and Social Sciences in Sichuan Province,“Mechanisms for Enhancing the Modern Dissemination of Three Kingdoms Figures Through Short-Form Dramas”(Project No.24ZGL05).
文摘As an emerging media format with immense growth potential,micro-dramas(MDs)carry the critical mission of inheriting and innovating China’s fine traditional culture in the new era.From the three dimensions of time,space,and landscape in media geography,the pathways for cultural inheritance and innovation through MDs can be summarized as follows:Temporally,cultural MDs construct cultural narratives from the“past”to the“future;”spatially,they build immersive cultural spaces blending reality and imagination,enhancing viewers’audiovisual experiences;through the interplay of time and space,they create diversified cultural landscapes on new media platforms,revitalize enduring cultural memories and foster a sense of community for the Chinese nation through media innovation.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA14010302)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC0603104)the Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche,Agence Nigérienne des Allocations et des Bourses,ANAB-Niger(No.2015563007).
文摘Carbonates present complex pore systems that strongly influence the physical properties and their interrelationships.This study proposes a new approach to establish pore-type mixing-based permeability transforms by integrating well-log and core data.We investigate the influence of pore-structure heterogeneity on permeability and velocity through the rock-frame flexibility factors(γ and γ_(μ)),derivable using standard sonic and density logs.We derive permeability transforms,with correlation coefficients,R of 0.8 to 0.9,from core measurements and pore-structure variations-dependent physical parameters,namely the porosity exponent(m),Poisson’s ratio(σ),velocity deviation log(VDL),and velocity ratio(VR).Through extrapolation using log-data,the m-and VDL-based correlations provide significantly better permeability estimates,with the highest accuracy attained with the m-based correlation,whereas the VR-andσ-based correlations lead to permeability overes-timation for high porosities.We plotted log-derived porosity vs.permeability,obtained applying the m-based correlation,to generate consistent porosity-permeability relationships,which account for pore-structure heterogeneity,by sorting the scattering points into distinct groups/trends by considering the variations of pore-structure types and abundance of a specific porosity.For the studied oilfield,three porosity-permeability relationships are identified,with correlation coefficients approaching 0.9,thus validating the approach and supporting its application in petrophysically similar reservoirs.
基金the financial support provided by the Royal Academy of Engineering,UK(Project Reference No:TSP-2526-7102),which enabled the successful execution of this research work.
文摘State this study looks at how well a three-phase bidirectional converter works for Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G)services by using both Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System(ANFIS)and Proportional-Integral(PI)controllers.When compared with ANFIS controllers,traditional controllers such as PI and PID show challenges.They may not sufficiently react to changing conditions or non-linearity’s and use fixed gain values requiring hand tuning.By means of learning,ANFIS controllers can thus dynamically change their parameters,so providing enhanced accuracy and flexibility in real-time control.The main objectives are to control the DC link voltage,lower total harmonic distortion(THD),and lower the errors.The Synchronous Reference Frame(SRF)transformation changes three-phase AC into a two-axis(d-q)system,making it easier to control active and reactive power separately.We developed a thorough Simulink model in MATLAB 2023a to model the bidirectional off-board fast charger at a power level of 60 kW.After validation,a 5-kW hardware prototype was built in the lab.The main platform is an AC-DC converter,followed by a DC-DC converter.A programmable DC power supply,Chroma 62050H-600S,connected to the DC-DC converter,mimics the dynamic characteristics of a battery.The control algorithm,deployed on a Spartan-6 LX9 FPGA,manages both voltage and current,maintaining a stable DC link voltage of 800 V.The results obtained indicate that the ANFIS controller outperforms a conventional PI controller when handling dynamic load variations.
文摘The primary synchronization signal and the secondary synchronization signal are respectively used to fulfill the subframe and frame synchronization in the long term evolution （LTE） systems. Based on the assumption that the channel frequency response of the primary synchronization signal symbol is nearly the same as that of the secondary synchronization symbol in frequency division duplex-LTE （FDD-LTE）, a new synchronization method is proposed. The frame synchronization success probability is simulated in different wireless channel models and the Mento-Carlo method is used in the simulation. Simulation results show that if the LMMSE channel estimation is adopted, the proposed method is robust at a low signal noise ratio （SNR） scenario and works well when cartier frequency offset and fast Fourier transform （FFT） window timing offset are considered in practical applications. The frame synchronization success probability can still exceed 99% with an SNR of 0 dB when the maximum Doppler shift is very large, which means that this robust frame synchronization method can be applicable in most mobile situations. Simulation results also show that the success probability of the proposed frame synchronization method is higher than that of the method which fulfills the frame synchronization through correlating the received secondary synchronization symbol with local sequences in practical applications.
文摘MTL(Monoidal T-norm based logic)代数是基于左连续三角模的模糊逻辑系统的语义代数,而理想理论是研究MTL代数性质的重要工具。利用加法运算给出了MTL代数理想的等价刻画和生成理想的具体结构。通过定义交、并、蕴涵与补运算,证明了全体理想之集在集合的包含序下是一个代数格。同时,给出了由全体理想之集构成MTL代数和对合MTL代数的充分且必要条件。
基金Project (50078006) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project (2001G029) supported by the Foundation of the Science and Technology Section of the Railway Bureau
文摘There exist three problems in the calculation of lateral vibration of the train-track time-variant system athome and abroad and the method to solve them is presented. Spatially coupling vibration analysis model of train-track time-variant system is put forward. Each vehicle is modeled as a multi-body system with 26 degrees of freedomand the action of coupler is also considered. The track structure is modeled as an assembly of track elements with 30degrees of freedom, then the spatially coupling vibration matrix equation of the train-track time-variant system is es-tablished on the basis of the principle of total potential energy with stationary value and the "set-in-right-position"rule. The track vertical geometric irregularity is considered as the excitation source of the vertical vibration of thesystem, and the hunting wave of car bogie frame is taken as the excitation source of lateral vibration of the system.The spatially coupling vibration matrix equation of the system is solved by Wilson-θ direct integration method. Theapproximation of the calculated results to the spot test results demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of thepresented analysis method. Finally, some other vibration responses of the system are also obtained.
基金Supported by International S&T Cooperation Program of China(Grant No.2012DFA70260)High-end CNC Machine and Basic Manufacturing Equipment of Chinese Key National Science and Technology(Grant No.2011ZX04014-081)
文摘The workpiece frames relative to each robot base frame should be known in advance for the proper operation of twin-robot nondestructive testing system. However, when two robots are separated from the workpieces, the twin robots cannot reach the same point to complete the process of workpiece frame positioning. Thus, a new method is proposed to solve the problem of coincidence between workpiece frames. Transformation between two robot base frames is initiated by measuring the coordinate values of three non-collinear calibration points. The relationship between the workpiece frame and that of the slave robot base frame is then determined according to the known transformation of two robot base frames, as well as the relationship between the workpiece frame and that of the master robot base frame. Only one robot is required to actually measure the coordinate values of the calibration points on the workpiece. This requirement is beneficial when one of the robots cannot reach and measure the calibration points. The coordinate values of the calibration points are derived by driving the robot hand to the points and recording the values of top center point（TCP） coordinates. The translation and rotation matrices relate either the two robot base frames or the workpiece and master robot. The coordinated are solved using the measured values of the calibration points according to the Cartesian transformation principle. An optimal method is developed based on exponential mapping of Lie algebra to ensure that the rotation matrix is orthogonal. Experimental results show that this method involves fewer steps, offers significant advantages in terms of operation and time-saving. A method used to synchronize workpiece frames in twin-robot system automatically is presented.
基金The National Science and Technology M ajor Project(No.2012ZX03004005-003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61171081,61201175)the Research Fund of National M obile Communications Research Laboratory of Southeast University(No.2014A03)
文摘A flame length optimization scheme is proposed for multi-antenna downlink systems to guarantee diverse delay- bound violation probability constraints. Due to the difficulties of extracting the quality of service （QoS） metrics from the conventional physical-layer channel models, the link-layer models named effective bandwidth and effective capacity are applied to statistically characterize the source traffic patterns and the queuing service dynamics. With these link-layer models, the source traffic process and the channel service process are mapped to certain QoS parameters. The packet delay-bound violation probability constraints are converted into minimum data rate constraints and the optimization problem is thus formulated into simultaneous inequalities. With the assumption of ergodic block-fading channels, the optimal frame lengths of single-user and multiuser systems are calculated respectively by numerical iterative methods. Theoretical analyses and simulation results show that the given delay-bound violation probability constraints are well satisfied with the optimal frame length.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.11775147)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2019A1515110130 and 2024A1515011832)+1 种基金Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics(ZDSYS20210623092006020)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Nos.JCYJ20210324095007020,JCYJ20200109105201936 and JCYJ20230808105019039).
文摘An ultrafast framing camera with a pulse-dilation device,a microchannel plate(MCP)imager,and an electronic imaging system were reported.The camera achieved a temporal resolution of 10 ps by using a pulse-dilation device and gated MCP imager,and a spatial resolution of 100μm by using an electronic imaging system comprising combined magnetic lenses.The spatial resolution characteristics of the camera were studied both theoretically and experimentally.The results showed that the camera with combined magnetic lenses reduced the field curvature and acquired a larger working area.A working area with a diameter of 53 mm was created by applying four magnetic lenses to the camera.Furthermore,the camera was used to detect the X-rays produced by the laser-targeting device.The diagnostic results indicated that the width of the X-ray pulse was approximately 18 ps.
基金supported by TATA Consultancy Servies(TCS)Research Fellowship Program,India
文摘Wi-Fi devices have limited battery life because of which conserving battery life is imperative. The 802.11 Wi-Fi standard provides power management feature that allows stations(STAs) to enter into sleep state to preserve energy without any frame losses. After the STA wakes up, it sends a null data or PS-Poll frame to retrieve frame(s) buffered by the access point(AP), if any during its sleep period. An attacker can launch a power save denial of service(PS-DoS) attack on the sleeping STA(s) by transmitting a spoofed null data or PS-Poll frame(s) to retrieve the buffered frame(s) of the sleeping STA(s) from the AP causing frame losses for the targeted STA(s). Current approaches to prevent or detect the PS-DoS attack require encryption,change in protocol or installation of proprietary hardware. These solutions suffer from expensive setup, maintenance, scalability and deployment issues. The PS-DoS attack does not differ in semantics or statistics under normal and attack circumstances.So signature and anomaly based intrusion detection system(IDS) are unfit to detect the PS-DoS attack. In this paper we propose a timed IDS based on real time discrete event system(RTDES) for detecting PS-DoS attack. The proposed DES based IDS overcomes the drawbacks of existing systems and detects the PS-DoS attack with high accuracy and detection rate. The correctness of the RTDES based IDS is proved by experimenting all possible attack scenarios.
基金Univeristy of Maryland,Start-up Grant to the First Author
文摘This paper presents the results of a parametric study of self-centering seismic retrofit schemes for reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings. The self-centering retrofit system features flag-shaped hysteresis and minimal residual deformation. For comparison purpose,an alternate seismic retrofit scheme that uses a bilinear-hysteresis retrofit system such as buckling-restrained braces (BRB) is also considered in this paper. The parametric study was carried out in a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system framework since a multi-story building structure may be idealized as an equivalent SDOF system and investigation of the performance of this equivalent SDOF system can provide insight into the seismic response of the multi-story building. A peak-oriented hysteresis model which can consider the strength and stiffness degradation is used to describe the hysteretic behavior of RC structures. The parametric study involves two key parameters -the strength ratio and elastic stiffness ratio between the seismic retrofit system and the original RC frame. An ensemble of 172 earthquake ground motion records scaled to the design basis earthquake in California with a probability of exceedance of 10% in 50 years was constructed for the simulation-based parametric study. The effectiveness of the two seismic retrofit schemes considered in this study is evaluated in terms of peak displacement ratio,peak acceleration ratio,energy dissipation demand ratio and residual displacement ratio between the SDOF systems with and without retrofit. It is found from this parametric study that RC structures retrofitted with the self-centering retrofit scheme (SCRS) can achieve a seismic performance level comparable to the bilinear-hysteresis retrofit scheme (BHRS) in terms of peak displacement and energy dissipation demand ratio while having negligible residual displacement after earthquake.
基金National Science Foundation under Grant No.0721399
文摘A full-scale, two-story, two-by-one bay, steel braced-frame was subjected to a number of unidirectional ground motions using three shake tables at the UNR-NEES site. The test-bed frame was designed to study the seismic performance of nonstructural systems including steel-framed gypsum partition walls, suspended ceilings and fire sprinkler systems. The frame can be configured to perform as an elastic or inelastic system to generate large floor accelerations or large inter story drift, respectively. In this study, the dynamic performance of the linear and nonlinear test-beds was comprehensively studied. The seismic performance of nonstructural systems installed in the linear and nonlinear test-beds were assessed during extreme excitations. In addition, the dynamic interactions of the test-bed and installed nonstructural systems are investigated.
文摘This paper presents the experimental and numerical studies conducted on a steel column and a steel frame structure using free vibration analysis.The effects of damages on structures were investigated,which were simulated by introducing multiple cracks at different locations in the experimental and numerical models.The acceleration responses of the test models,were recorded through an accelerometer,and were used to calibrate the numerical models developed in finite element based software.Modal frequencies of damaged and undamaged structures were compared and analyzed,to derive relationships for damaged and undamaged structures’frequencies in terms of crack depth.It was found that,due to the presence of cracks,the mechanical properties of a structure changes,whereby,the modal frequencies decrease.An approximately linear trend was observed for the frequency decrease with the increase in crack depth,which was also confirmed by the numerical models.The derived relationships were extended to further develop a mechanics-based damage scale for steel structures,to help facilitate structural health monitoring and screening of vulnerable structures.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871109,32071083,and 31900779)Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science—Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions(2021SHIBS0003).
文摘People as third-party observers,without direct self-interest,may punish norm violators to maintain social norms.However,third-party judgment and the follow-up punishment might be susceptible to the way we frame(i.e.,verbally describe)a norm violation.We conducted a behavioral and a neuroimaging experiment to investigate the above phenomenon,which we call the“third-party framing effect”.In these experiments,participants observed an anonymous perpetrator deciding whether to keep her/his economic benefit while exposing a victim to a risk of physical pain(described as“harming others”in one condition and“not helping others”in the other condition),then they had a chance to punish that perpetrator at their own cost.Our results showed that the participants were more willing to execute third-party punishment under the harm frame compared to the help frame,manifesting a framing effect.Self-reported anger toward perpetrators mediated the relationship between empathy toward victims and the framing effect.Meanwhile,activation of the insula mediated the relationship between mid-cingulate cortex activation and the framing effect;the functional connectivity between these regions significantly predicted the size of the framing effect.These findings shed light on the psychological and neural mechanisms of the third-party framing effect.
文摘A model system was employed to study the operating conditions and primary parameters of enzymic hydrolysis of cod proteins. Pancreatin, papain, and bromelain were used to hydrolyse minced cod fillets under controlled conditions and with the rate of hydrolysis being continually monitored via both the pH-stat and TNBS method. The two methods were compared and evaluated. The rate of protein solubilisation was plotted against the degree of hydrolysis (DH). Dry fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) powders having short, medium and high degrees of hydrolysis (DH of approximately 8%, 11% and 16% respectively) were produced and analysed for their molecular weight distribution, using size exclusion chromatography. Almost complete protein solubilisation (75 g soluble protein per kg hydrolysis solution) could be achieved within an hour, at 40oC, at 1% enzyme/substrate ratio (w/w) with papain and bromelain. The pH-stat was found capable of continuously following the rate of hydrolysis but only at low DH. The TNBS could be accurately used even at high DH to estimate the percentage of the peptide bonds cleaved, but required chemical analysis of withdrawn samples.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6130110561102069)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2013M531351)the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Founding(NN2012022)the Open Fund of Graduate Innovated Base(Laboratory)for the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics(KFJJ120219)
文摘Frame and frequency synchronization are essential for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems. The frame offset owing to incorrect start point position of the fast Fourier transform （FFT） window, and the carrier frequency offset （CFO） due to Doppler frequency shift or the frequency mismatch between the transmitter and receiver oscil ators, can bring severe inter-symbol interference （ISI） and inter-carrier interference （ICI） for the OFDM system. Relying on the relatively good correlation charac-teristic of the pseudo-noise （PN） sequence, a joint frame offset and normalized CFO estimation algorithm based on PN preamble in time domain is developed to realize the frame and frequency synchronization in the OFDM system. By comparison, the perfor-mances of the traditional algorithm and the improved algorithm are simulated under different conditions. The results indicate that the PN preamble based algorithm both in frame offset estimation and CFO estimation is more accurate, resource-saving and robust even under poor channel condition, such as low signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） and large normalized CFO.
