As cataract surgery progresses from “restoration of sight” to “refractive correction”, precise prediction of intraocular lens (IOL) power is critical for enhancing postoperative visual quality in patients. IOL pow...As cataract surgery progresses from “restoration of sight” to “refractive correction”, precise prediction of intraocular lens (IOL) power is critical for enhancing postoperative visual quality in patients. IOL power calculation methods have evolved and innovated throughout time, from early theoretical and regression formulas to nonlinear formulas for estimating effective lens position (ELP), multivariable formulas, and innovative formulas that use optical principles and AI-based online formulas. This paper thoroughly discusses the development and iteration of traditional IOL calculation formulas, the emergence of new IOL calculation formulas, and the selection of IOL calculation formulas for different patients in the era of refractive cataract surgery, serving as a reference for “personalized” IOL implantation in clinical practice.展开更多
Let Gq(R_(n))be the Grassmannian of all linear q dimensional subspaces of R_(n)and I an integral invariant of p+q−n dimensional submanifolds of R_(n).Then we give methods of evaluating Crofton type integral∫G_(q)(R^(...Let Gq(R_(n))be the Grassmannian of all linear q dimensional subspaces of R_(n)and I an integral invariant of p+q−n dimensional submanifolds of R_(n).Then we give methods of evaluating Crofton type integral∫G_(q)(R^(n))I(M∩L)dL The methods also work for various generalizations of Gq(R_(n))such as complex Grassmannians.展开更多
This paper reviews the related formulas of Sugemule,introduces the advances in research of clinical application of these formulas in treating Heyi type insomnia,cardiac diseases,and renal diseases.Besides,it summarize...This paper reviews the related formulas of Sugemule,introduces the advances in research of clinical application of these formulas in treating Heyi type insomnia,cardiac diseases,and renal diseases.Besides,it summarizes pharmacological research advances regarding these formulas,including their anti-insomnia effects,cardioprotective properties,and ovarian function preservation capabilities.This study is expected to provide a reference and insight for in-depth and systematic research on classical Mongolian medicinal formulas.展开更多
OBJECTIVES:To systematically review the efficacy and safety of Jianpi formulas(健脾剂)in reducing the recurrence of colorectal adenoma(CRA)after polypectomy.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)investigating Jian...OBJECTIVES:To systematically review the efficacy and safety of Jianpi formulas(健脾剂)in reducing the recurrence of colorectal adenoma(CRA)after polypectomy.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)investigating Jianpi formulas for CRA post-polypectomy were systematically retrieved from eight electronic databases.The quality of the methodology was assessed using the Cochrane collaboration tool.The Grades of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation(GRADE)approach was employed for evidence assessment.Statistical analyses were conducted using Statistics and Data Analysis(STATA)17(StataCorp(College Station,TX,USA)and Review Manager(RevMan)5.4(The Cochrane Collaboration(London,UK).RESULTS:The Meta-analysis,encompassing 18 RCTs with 1838 patients,revealed that Jianpi formulas significantly outperformed postoperative routine treatment.It demonstrated a reduction in the half-year recurrence rate[relative risk(RR)=0.41,95%confidence interval(CI)=0.33-0.49,Z=9.08,P<0.00001],the oneyear recurrence rate[RR=0.58,95%CI=0.49-0.69,Z=6.12,P<0.00001],and an enhancement in the clinical effective rate[RR=1.27,95%CI=1.19-1.36,Z=7.06,P<0.00001].The half-year recurrence rate and the clinical effective rate were medium-quality evidence.The one-year recurrence rate was low-quality evidence.Additionally,Jianpi formulas appear to be safe and do not increase adverse reactions compared to postoperative routine treatment alone.CONCLUSION:Jianpi formulas exhibit efficacy in reducing postoperative half-year and one-year recurrence rates while improving the clinical effective rate after polypectomy for CRA.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine formula(TCMF)represents a fundamental component of Chinese medical practice,incorporating medical knowledge and practices from both Han Chinese and various ethnic minorities,while providin...Traditional Chinese medicine formula(TCMF)represents a fundamental component of Chinese medical practice,incorporating medical knowledge and practices from both Han Chinese and various ethnic minorities,while providing comprehensive insights into health and disease.The foundation of TCMF lies in its holistic approach,manifested through herbal compatibility theory,which has emerged from extensive clinical experience and evolved into a highly refined knowledge system.Within this framework,Chinese herbal medicines exhibit intricated characteristics,including multi-component interactions,diverse target sites,and varied biological pathways.These complexities pose significant challenges for understanding their molecular mechanisms.Contemporary advances in artificial intelligence(AI)are reshaping research in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),offering immense potential to transform our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TCMFs.This review explores the application of AI in uncovering these mechanisms,highlighting its role in compound absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)prediction,molecular target identification,compound and target synergy recognition,pharmacological mechanisms exploration,and herbal formula optimization.Furthermore,the review discusses the challenges and opportunities in AI-assisted research on TCMF molecular mechanisms,promoting the modernization and globalization of TCM.展开更多
Recent trends suggest that Chinese herbal medicine formulas(CHM formulas)are promising treatments for complex diseases.To characterize the precise syndromes,precise diseases and precise targets of the precise targets ...Recent trends suggest that Chinese herbal medicine formulas(CHM formulas)are promising treatments for complex diseases.To characterize the precise syndromes,precise diseases and precise targets of the precise targets between complex diseases and CHM formulas,we developed an artificial intelligence-based quantitative predictive algorithm(DeepTCM).DeepTCM has gone through multilevel model calibration and validation against a comprehensive set of herb and disease data so that it accurately captures the complex cellular signaling,molecular and theoretical levels of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).As an example,our model simulated the optimal CHM formulas for the treatment of coronary heart disease(CHD)with depression,and through model sensitivity analysis,we calculated the balanced scoring of the formulas.Furthermore,we constructed a biological knowledge graph representing interactions by associating herb-target and gene-disease interactions.Finally,we experimentally confirmed the therapeutic effect and pharmacological mechanism of a novel model-predicted intervention in humans and mice.This novel multiscale model opened up a new avenue to combine“disease syndrome”and“macro micro”system modeling to facilitate translational research in CHM formulas.展开更多
Perchlorate and chlorate are ubiquitous pollutants that can adversely affect the thyroid function in humans.This study assessed the potential health risks associated with the dietary exposure of infants and young chil...Perchlorate and chlorate are ubiquitous pollutants that can adversely affect the thyroid function in humans.This study assessed the potential health risks associated with the dietary exposure of infants and young children to perchlorate and chlorate present in infant formulas available in Shanghai.The assessment was based on risk monitoring data from 150 samples of infant formulas in Shanghai between 2020 and 2022,along with the dietary consumption data of infants and young children.The detection rates of perchlorate and chlorate in infant formulas were 46.0%and 98.7%,with mean contents of 9.98μg/kg and 112.01μg/kg,and the maximum values of 151.00μg/kg and 1475.00μg/kg,respectively.The mean and 95th percentile(P95)values of daily perchlorate exposure of 0-36-month-old infant and young children via infant formulas were 0.07 and 0.17μg/kg body weight(bw)per day,respectively,which were lower than the tolerable daily intake(TDI)of perchlorate(0.3μg/kg bw per day).The mean and P95 values of chlorate exposure via infant formulas in 0-36-month-old infants and young children were 0.83 and 1.89μg/kg bw per day,which were lower than the TDI of chlorate(3μg/kg bw per day).The P95 exposure of different age groups(0-6 months,7-12 months and 13-36 months)of infants and young children to perchlorate and chlorate in infant formulas was below the TDI.Therefore,the risk associated with the exposure of 0-36-month-old infants and young children to perchlorate and chlorate from infant formulas in Shanghai is considered acceptable.Prioritizing environmental pollution control efforts to reduce the levels of perchlorate and chlorate in food products is important to safeguard the health of the infants and children under the One Health concept.展开更多
Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that presents significant treatment challenges due to its complexity,especially in terms of the various side effects that traditional medications may bring...Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that presents significant treatment challenges due to its complexity,especially in terms of the various side effects that traditional medications may bring during the chronic course of the disease.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has emerged as a promising complementary therapy for UC.Based on the latest research,our editorial explored the current issues and potential essential research directions for TCM in treating UC.We anticipate that future high-quality research will pave the way for the optimization of TCM formulas for UC and their broader global application.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the source of substitutive substrate raw materials for cultivation of edible fungi,reduce the cutting and use of woody materials,and realize harmless treatment and resou...[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the source of substitutive substrate raw materials for cultivation of edible fungi,reduce the cutting and use of woody materials,and realize harmless treatment and resource utilization of byproducts from Chinese medicine production and bamboo processing.[Methods]Traditional Chinese medicine residue and bamboo shavings were used to partially replace hardwood sawdust in the conventional formula,and the growth of Auricularia auricula mycelia in large test tubes under different substrate formulas was studied.[Results]The results showed that the mycelia of A.auricula could grow normally on substrates with byproducts,and the mycelia grew differently with different formulas,and the performance of different strains of the same species was also different.Compared with the conventional formula,the suitable substitution amount of bamboo shavings for A.auricula strains was 10%-30%,and the substitution amount of Chinese medicine residue was 5%-15%.[Conclusions]This study provides reference for the efficient utilization of byproducts and the expansion of raw material sources for production of edible fungi.展开更多
We compare Newton’s force law of universal gravitation with a corrected simple approach based on Bhandari’s recently presented work, where the gravitation constant G is maintained. A reciprocity relation exists betw...We compare Newton’s force law of universal gravitation with a corrected simple approach based on Bhandari’s recently presented work, where the gravitation constant G is maintained. A reciprocity relation exists between both alternative gravity formulas with respect to the distances between mass centers. We conclude a one-to-one mapping of the two gravitational formulas. We don’t need Einstein’s construct of spacetime bending by matter.展开更多
Background Meat originating from the spent hen is an important source of poultry meat production;however,multiple factors cause the decline in the meat quality of spent hens.Chinese herbs have been widely used as medi...Background Meat originating from the spent hen is an important source of poultry meat production;however,multiple factors cause the decline in the meat quality of spent hens.Chinese herbs have been widely used as medi-cine for a long time to prevent diseases and as nutrient supplements to improve the product quality.This experi-ment explored the effects of adding 1.0%Chinese herbal formula(CHF,including 0.30%Leonurus japonicus Houtt.,0.20%Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.,0.25%Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,and 0.25%Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)for 120 d to the spent hens’diet through metabolomics,network pharmacology,and microbiome strategies.Results The results indicated that CHF supplementation improved the meat quality by reducing drip loss(P<0.05),b*value(P=0.058),and shear force(P=0.099)and increasing cooked meat percentage(P=0.054)and dry matter(P<0.05)of breast muscle.The addition of CHF improved the nutritional value of breast muscle by increasing(P<0.05)the content of C18:2n-6,n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA),total PUFA,PUFA-to-saturated fatty acids(SFA)ratio,and hypocholesterolemic-to-hypercholesterolemic ratio,and tending to increase serine content(P=0.069).The targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the biosynthesis of SFA,linoleic acid metabolism,fatty acid degradation,fatty acid elongation,and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were enriched by CHF supplementation.Furthermore,the network pharmacology analysis indicated that CHF was closely associated with oxidative stress and lipid metabo-lism.The CHF supplementation increased the glutathione peroxidase level(P<0.05)and upregulated gene expres-sion related to the Nrf2 pathway(including HO-1,P<0.05;Nrf2,P=0.098;CAT,P=0.060;GPX1,P=0.063;and SOD2,P=0.052)and lipid metabolism(including PPARγ,P<0.05;SREBP1,P=0.059;and CPT1A,P=0.058).Additionally,CHF supplementation increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes,Spirochaetes,and Synergistetes abundances(P<0.05),which may contribute to better meat quality.Conclusions Our results suggest that CHF supplementation improved the quality and nutritional value of meat,which will provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of CHF as a feed additive in spent hens’diets.展开更多
Objective The study of medicine formulas is a core component of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),yet traditional learning methods often lack interactivity and contextual understanding,making it challenging for beginn...Objective The study of medicine formulas is a core component of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),yet traditional learning methods often lack interactivity and contextual understanding,making it challenging for beginners to grasp the intricate composition rules of formulas.To address this gap,we introduce Formula-S,a situated visualization method for TCM formula learning in augmented reality(AR)and evaluate its performance.This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Formula-S in enhancing TCM formula learning for beginners by comparing it with traditional text-based formula learning and web-based visualization.Methods Formula-S is an interactive AR tool designed for TCM formula learning,featuring three modes(3D,Web,and Table).The dataset included TCM formulas and herb properties extracted from authoritative references,including textbook and the SymMap database.In Formula-S,the hierarchical visualization of the formulas as herbal medicine compositions,is linked to the multidimensional herb attribute visualization and embedded in the real world,where real herb samples are presented.To evaluate its effectiveness,a controlled study(n=30)was conducted.Participants who had no formal TCM knowledge were tasked with herbal medicine identification,formula composition,and recognition.In the study,participants interacted with the AR tool through HoloLens 2.Data were collected on both task performance(accuracy and response time)and user experience,with a focus on task efficiency,accuracy,and user preference across the different learning modes.Results The situated visualization method of Formula-S had comparable accuracy to other methods but shorter response time for herbal formula learning tasks.Regarding user experience,our new approach demonstrated the highest system usability and lowest task load,effectively reducing cognitive load and allowing users to complete tasks with greater ease and efficiency.Participants reported that Formula-S enhanced their learning experience through its intuitive interface and immersive AR environment,suggesting this approach offers usability advantages for TCM education.Conclusions The situated visualization method in Formula-S offers more efficient and accurate searching capabilities compared to traditional and web-based methods.Additionally,it provides superior contextual understanding of TCM formulas,making it a promising new solution for TCM learning.展开更多
Background:Insomnia is a prevalent clinical condition and Shangxia Liangji formula(SXLJF)is a well-established method of treatment.Nevertheless,the specific mechanism of action of SXLJF remains unclear.Methods:The mou...Background:Insomnia is a prevalent clinical condition and Shangxia Liangji formula(SXLJF)is a well-established method of treatment.Nevertheless,the specific mechanism of action of SXLJF remains unclear.Methods:The mouse model of insomnia was established by intraperitoneal injection of para-chlorophenylalanine.Forty-two mice were randomly divided into a negative control group,model group,SXLJF group(18.72 g/kg/day),and positive control group(diazepam,2 mg/kg)and treated with the corresponding drugs for 7 consecutive days.The open field test and pentobarbital-induced sleeping test were conducted.LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics and network pharmacology were applied to explore the potential targets of SXLJF for treating insomnia.Finally,key targets were validated using RT-qPCR.Results:Behavioral tests demonstrated that SXLJF reduced the total distance,average velocity,central distance,and sleep latency,and prolonged sleep duration.Metabolomics and network pharmacology revealed potential targets,signaling pathways,metabolic pathways,and metabolites associated with the anti-insomnia effects of SXLJF.Specifically,tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)and tyrosine metabolism emerged as crucial metabolic pathways and targets,respectively.RT-qPCR results supported the role of TH in the mechanism of SXLJF in treating insomnia.Conclusion:In conclusion,TH and tyrosine metabolism may represent significant targets and pathways for SXLJF in treating insomnia.展开更多
This article reviews the study,“Fanlian huazhuo formula alleviates high-fat-dietinduced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating autophagy and lipid synthesis signaling pathway”published in the World Journal o...This article reviews the study,“Fanlian huazhuo formula alleviates high-fat-dietinduced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating autophagy and lipid synthesis signaling pathway”published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.The study explores the therapeutic potential of Fanlian Huazhuo formula(FLHZF)in treating metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),demonstrating that FLHZF reduces lipid accumulation,oxidative stress,and liver injury in MASLD models by modulating key signaling pathways involved in lipid metabolism and autophagy.This editorial emphasizes the potential of FLHZF as a treatment for MASLD and calls for further research to verify its clinical efficacy.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of action of Qihuang Zhuyu formula(QHZYF)in improving depression after myocardial infarction(MI),with a focus on revealing its regulatory effect on the inflammatory response of the h...OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of action of Qihuang Zhuyu formula(QHZYF)in improving depression after myocardial infarction(MI),with a focus on revealing its regulatory effect on the inflammatory response of the heart and brain.METHODS The active ingredients of QHZYF and the action targets for intervening in depression after MI were analyzed by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking.A rat model of depression after MI was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery combined with chronic restraint stress.Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and Masson staining were used to evaluate myocardial injury,behavioral tests were used to detect melancholic behaviors,Nissl staining was used to evaluate hippocampal neuron injury.Western blot detection of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2(TNFR2),phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K),phosphorylated seronine protein kinase(p-AKT),seronine protein kinase(AKT),tumor necrosis factor receptor 1(TNFR1),phosphorylated nuclear factorκB(p-NF-κB),and nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)in cardiac and hippocampal tissues was conducted.The levels of serum IL-6 and IL-10 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the expression of TNFR1 and TNFR2 was detected by immunohistochemical technique(IHC).In vitro experiments,co-culture of rat cardiomyocyte line H9C2 cells and rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cell line with high differentiation PC12 cells was conducted,TNFR1 inhibitor(H398)and TNFR2 agonist(C-6His)were administered for intervention,and the expression of TNFR2,PI3K,p-AKT,AKT,TNFR1,NF-κB,p-NF-κB was detected by Western blot.Observe the apoptosis of cells by TUNEL staining,ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in the cell supernatant.RESULTS Network pharmacological analysis indicates that the TNF signaling pathway was a key target for the treatment of depression after MI with the QHZYF.In vivo experiments have confirmed that the intervention of QHZYF could significantly improve the cardiac function,myocardial tissue and hippocampal neuron structure damage of depressed rats after MI,and improve their depression-like behaviors.At the molecular level,the high-dose group of QHZYF significantly upregulated TNFR2,p-AKT/AKT,and IL-10 in cardiac and hippocampal tissues(P<0.01),and downregulated TNFR1,p-NF-κB/NF-κB and IL-6(P<0.01).In vitro experiments showed that the drug-containing serum of QHZYF significantly upregulated the expression of TNFR2,p-AKT/AKT and IL-10 in H9C2 and PC12 cells(P<0.01),downregulated the expression of TNFR1,p-NF-κB/NF-κB and IL-6(P<0.01),and significantly inhibited cell apoptosis(P<0.01).Furthermore,experiments on the combined application of H398 or C-6His further confirmed that its protective and anti-inflammatory effects were mediated by regulating the TNFR2/PI3K/AKT and TNFR1/NF-κB pathways.CONCLUSION QHZYF improves the homeostasis of heart and brain inflammation by regulating the TNF pathway,and ameliorates myocardial injury and depressive state in depressed rats after MI.展开更多
Background:The Shenlian formula demonstrates therapeutic bmodelenefits for diabetic kidney disease(DKD).Yet,its effectiveness in mitigating renal interstitial fibrosis(RIF)and the pharmacological underpinnings remain ...Background:The Shenlian formula demonstrates therapeutic bmodelenefits for diabetic kidney disease(DKD).Yet,its effectiveness in mitigating renal interstitial fibrosis(RIF)and the pharmacological underpinnings remain to be elucidated.This investigation seeks to delineate some of the formula’s potential mechanisms via experimental validation.Methods:The study initiated by inducing a DKD in rats through unilateral nephrectomy combined with streptozotocin(STZ)administration and an advanced glycation end products-bovine serum albumin(AGE-BSA)induced DKD model in HK-2 cells to assess the Shenlian formula’s renal protective effects.Renal tissues underwent pathological and immunohistochemical staining to evaluate improvements in RIF.Mechanistic insights were further obtained through techniques such as Western Blot,immunofluorescence,co-immunoprecipitation,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and protein docking analyses.Results:Shenlian formula could enhance renal function,alleviate tubular damage,suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),reduce extracellular matrix(ECM)deposition,and thus decelerate RIF progression.It notably decreased the expression of markers associated with pyroptosis(NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC),caspase1,cleaved-caspase1,gasdermin D(GSDMD),GSDMD-N,interleukin-18(IL-18),interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β)),effectively inhibiting renal cell pyroptosis.Moreover,the formula facilitated autophagy substrate(sequestosome 1(p62))degradation,efficiently restoring the autophagy pathway.It also modulated autophagy,impacting cell pyroptosis regulation.Conclusion:The Shenlian formula potentially inhibits cellular pyroptosis by modulating the autophagy pathway,thereby diminishing inflammation-induced renal injury and fibrosis.This finding suggests a novel therapeutic approach for managing DKD-induced fibrosis.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Yishen Tongluo formula(益肾通络方,YSTLF)in streptozotocin-induced diabetic kidney disease mice(DKD)mice.METHODS:Thirty Institute of Cancer Research mice(specific pa...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Yishen Tongluo formula(益肾通络方,YSTLF)in streptozotocin-induced diabetic kidney disease mice(DKD)mice.METHODS:Thirty Institute of Cancer Research mice(specific pathogen free,SPF grade)were divided into five groups(n=6 per group):control,DKD model,DKD model with YSTLF(4.9 g/kg),DKD model with YSTLF(9.8 g/kg),and DKD model with captopril.DKD was induced through a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(150 mg/kg).Body weight,fasting blood glucose and urine C-peptide levels were measured to assess metabolic regulation by YSTLF.Renal function was evaluated using indicators of glomerular and tubular health.Liver function was assessed by measuring aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels.Renal pathological changes were examined using hematoxylin/eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy.Inflammatory and apoptosis-related factors were analyzed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,immunohistochemistry,and Western blot analysis.RESULTS:In DKD mice,fasting blood glucose,Cpeptide,24-hour urine protein(UP)levels,and renal damage were elevated,accompanied by increased inflammation and apoptosis.YSTLF significantly reduced 24-hour UP and C-peptide levels and improved kidney and liver function in DKD mice.YSTLF also mitigated glomerular hypertrophy,basement membrane thickening,and podocyte foot process effacement.It upregulated the expression of the podocyte marker podocalyxin.Furthermore,YSTLF alleviated inflammation and apoptosis,likely by reducing the overexpression of monocyte chemoattractant protein(MCP-1),Bax,and Caspase-3 in the kidneys of DKD mice.CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that YSTLF ameliorates kidney injury by modulating the expression of inflammatory cytokine MCP-1 and the Bax/Caspase-3 apoptosis pathway,providing a potential therapeutic approach for DKD.展开更多
We apply methods of algebraic integral geometry to prove a special case of the Gaussian kinematic formula of Adler-Taylor.The idea,suggested already by Adler and Taylor,is to view the GKF as the limit of spherical kin...We apply methods of algebraic integral geometry to prove a special case of the Gaussian kinematic formula of Adler-Taylor.The idea,suggested already by Adler and Taylor,is to view the GKF as the limit of spherical kinematic formulas for spheres of large dimension N and curvature1/N.展开更多
Cronobacter spp.has strong resistance to desiccation and high permeability in Enterobacteriaceae,and powdered infant formula(PIF)is one of the main contamination routes.In recent years,the contamination of Cronobacter...Cronobacter spp.has strong resistance to desiccation and high permeability in Enterobacteriaceae,and powdered infant formula(PIF)is one of the main contamination routes.In recent years,the contamination of Cronobacter spp.in PIF incidents occurs from time to time,causing infant serious diseases or death.In this investigation,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry was used to identify the phenotypes of 35 Cronobacter strains isolated from PIF and its processing environment.Subsequently,the isolates were evaluated for drying and osmotic pressure tolerance.The results showed that the deactivation rate of the strains ranged from 9.01%to 77.57%,and the highest osmotic pressure condition the strains could tolerate was 6 g/100 mL Na Cl.In addition,there was a positive correlation between biofilm formation ability and desiccation resistance.Combined with transcriptomics,Cronobacter spp.could activate biofilm synthesis,produce more trehalose,accumulate betaine and electrolytes to stabilize intracellular structure under the two treatment conditions.A total of 31 and 43 genes were found related to desiccation and permeability resistance,respectively.And some genes(cysM,thuF,ycjO,etc.)were found to be associated with two tolerances for the first time.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To assess the benefits of Qingre Xiaozheng formula(清热消癥方,QRXZF)as an adjunct to standard Western medical management on renal outcomes in patients with diabetic kidney disease(DKD).METHODS:This retrospec...OBJECTIVE:To assess the benefits of Qingre Xiaozheng formula(清热消癥方,QRXZF)as an adjunct to standard Western medical management on renal outcomes in patients with diabetic kidney disease(DKD).METHODS:This retrospective study included patients with DKD who received the QRXZF between May 2017 and May 2021.A total of 144 patients with DKD,24 h urinary total protein(24 h-UTP)≥0.5 g,and estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR)≥30 m L/min per 1.73 m^(2)were divided into the treatment group or the control group based on whether they received QRXZF treatment.The long-term renal outcomes of patients with DKD were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the QRXZF.Differences in overall survival(OS)were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curve analysis.Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for renal endpoints.RESULTS:The mean follow-up period was(28±15)months.Nine(12.5%)patients in the treatment group and 27(37.5%)patients in the control group met the renal endpoints.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that 24 h-UTP≥3.5 g[hazard ratio(HR)=4.70,95%confidence interval(CI)(1.83,12.05),P=0.001],combined coronary artery disease[HR=3.39,95%CI(1.65,6.98),P=0.001],total cholesterol[HR=1.34,95%CI(1.05,1.70),P=0.019]and low-density lipoprotein[HR=1.65,95%CI(1.111,2.45),P=0.013]were independent prognostic factors for renal endpoints in patients with DKD.Compared with the treatment group,the risk of renal endpoint events increased 2.68-fold in the control group[HR=2.68,95%CI(1.19,6.02);P=0.017].We included 48 patients with 24 h-UTP≥3.5 g in a further stratification analysis of patients with DKD.The independent risk factor for the renal endpoints in patients with 24h-UTP≥3.5 g was smoking history[HR=5.52,95%CI(1.131,26.92),P=0.035].Compared with the treatment group,the risk of renal endpoint events increased 3.01-fold in the control group[HR=3.01,95%CI(1.05,8.67);P=0.041].CONCLUSIONS:The results show that QRXZF treatment improved renal outcomes and reduced proteinuria in patients with DKD.These results indicate that Traditional Chinese Medicine is likely to have a positive therapeutic effect on established and advanced DKD.Further well-designed clinical trials with longer follow-up periods are required.展开更多
文摘As cataract surgery progresses from “restoration of sight” to “refractive correction”, precise prediction of intraocular lens (IOL) power is critical for enhancing postoperative visual quality in patients. IOL power calculation methods have evolved and innovated throughout time, from early theoretical and regression formulas to nonlinear formulas for estimating effective lens position (ELP), multivariable formulas, and innovative formulas that use optical principles and AI-based online formulas. This paper thoroughly discusses the development and iteration of traditional IOL calculation formulas, the emergence of new IOL calculation formulas, and the selection of IOL calculation formulas for different patients in the era of refractive cataract surgery, serving as a reference for “personalized” IOL implantation in clinical practice.
文摘Let Gq(R_(n))be the Grassmannian of all linear q dimensional subspaces of R_(n)and I an integral invariant of p+q−n dimensional submanifolds of R_(n).Then we give methods of evaluating Crofton type integral∫G_(q)(R^(n))I(M∩L)dL The methods also work for various generalizations of Gq(R_(n))such as complex Grassmannians.
基金Supported by Laboratory Open Fund Project of Inner Mongolia Medical University in 2024(2024ZN20)Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Open Fund Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(GX20240003)+2 种基金Inner Mongolia Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center Achievement Transformation and Cultivation Project(MYYXTPY202402)Project of Construction of Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(RZ2400000451)Project of Construction of Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Research Platform in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(DC2400000724).
文摘This paper reviews the related formulas of Sugemule,introduces the advances in research of clinical application of these formulas in treating Heyi type insomnia,cardiac diseases,and renal diseases.Besides,it summarizes pharmacological research advances regarding these formulas,including their anti-insomnia effects,cardioprotective properties,and ovarian function preservation capabilities.This study is expected to provide a reference and insight for in-depth and systematic research on classical Mongolian medicinal formulas.
基金Jinhua Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Research Project:Gut Microbiota Distribution Characteristics in Spleen-Deficiency Colorectal Adenoma Patients(No.2023KR04)Jinhua Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Major Research Project:Clinical Efficacy and Mechanism of Shugan Jianpi Tiaochang Pills in Preventing Postoperative Recurrence of Colorectal Adenomas based on Metabolomics Technology(No.2024ZD03)。
文摘OBJECTIVES:To systematically review the efficacy and safety of Jianpi formulas(健脾剂)in reducing the recurrence of colorectal adenoma(CRA)after polypectomy.METHODS:Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)investigating Jianpi formulas for CRA post-polypectomy were systematically retrieved from eight electronic databases.The quality of the methodology was assessed using the Cochrane collaboration tool.The Grades of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation(GRADE)approach was employed for evidence assessment.Statistical analyses were conducted using Statistics and Data Analysis(STATA)17(StataCorp(College Station,TX,USA)and Review Manager(RevMan)5.4(The Cochrane Collaboration(London,UK).RESULTS:The Meta-analysis,encompassing 18 RCTs with 1838 patients,revealed that Jianpi formulas significantly outperformed postoperative routine treatment.It demonstrated a reduction in the half-year recurrence rate[relative risk(RR)=0.41,95%confidence interval(CI)=0.33-0.49,Z=9.08,P<0.00001],the oneyear recurrence rate[RR=0.58,95%CI=0.49-0.69,Z=6.12,P<0.00001],and an enhancement in the clinical effective rate[RR=1.27,95%CI=1.19-1.36,Z=7.06,P<0.00001].The half-year recurrence rate and the clinical effective rate were medium-quality evidence.The one-year recurrence rate was low-quality evidence.Additionally,Jianpi formulas appear to be safe and do not increase adverse reactions compared to postoperative routine treatment alone.CONCLUSION:Jianpi formulas exhibit efficacy in reducing postoperative half-year and one-year recurrence rates while improving the clinical effective rate after polypectomy for CRA.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3502005)the three-year Action Plan for Shanghai TCM Development and Inheritance Program[No.ZY(2021-2023)-0401]the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82104521)。
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine formula(TCMF)represents a fundamental component of Chinese medical practice,incorporating medical knowledge and practices from both Han Chinese and various ethnic minorities,while providing comprehensive insights into health and disease.The foundation of TCMF lies in its holistic approach,manifested through herbal compatibility theory,which has emerged from extensive clinical experience and evolved into a highly refined knowledge system.Within this framework,Chinese herbal medicines exhibit intricated characteristics,including multi-component interactions,diverse target sites,and varied biological pathways.These complexities pose significant challenges for understanding their molecular mechanisms.Contemporary advances in artificial intelligence(AI)are reshaping research in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),offering immense potential to transform our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TCMFs.This review explores the application of AI in uncovering these mechanisms,highlighting its role in compound absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)prediction,molecular target identification,compound and target synergy recognition,pharmacological mechanisms exploration,and herbal formula optimization.Furthermore,the review discusses the challenges and opportunities in AI-assisted research on TCMF molecular mechanisms,promoting the modernization and globalization of TCM.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82174246)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.:2019YFC1708701)the Postdoctoral Innovation Talent Support Program(Grant No.:BX20220329).
文摘Recent trends suggest that Chinese herbal medicine formulas(CHM formulas)are promising treatments for complex diseases.To characterize the precise syndromes,precise diseases and precise targets of the precise targets between complex diseases and CHM formulas,we developed an artificial intelligence-based quantitative predictive algorithm(DeepTCM).DeepTCM has gone through multilevel model calibration and validation against a comprehensive set of herb and disease data so that it accurately captures the complex cellular signaling,molecular and theoretical levels of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).As an example,our model simulated the optimal CHM formulas for the treatment of coronary heart disease(CHD)with depression,and through model sensitivity analysis,we calculated the balanced scoring of the formulas.Furthermore,we constructed a biological knowledge graph representing interactions by associating herb-target and gene-disease interactions.Finally,we experimentally confirmed the therapeutic effect and pharmacological mechanism of a novel model-predicted intervention in humans and mice.This novel multiscale model opened up a new avenue to combine“disease syndrome”and“macro micro”system modeling to facilitate translational research in CHM formulas.
基金supported by Science and Technology Project of Shanghai Municipal Administration for Market Regulation in 2022(No.2022-67).
文摘Perchlorate and chlorate are ubiquitous pollutants that can adversely affect the thyroid function in humans.This study assessed the potential health risks associated with the dietary exposure of infants and young children to perchlorate and chlorate present in infant formulas available in Shanghai.The assessment was based on risk monitoring data from 150 samples of infant formulas in Shanghai between 2020 and 2022,along with the dietary consumption data of infants and young children.The detection rates of perchlorate and chlorate in infant formulas were 46.0%and 98.7%,with mean contents of 9.98μg/kg and 112.01μg/kg,and the maximum values of 151.00μg/kg and 1475.00μg/kg,respectively.The mean and 95th percentile(P95)values of daily perchlorate exposure of 0-36-month-old infant and young children via infant formulas were 0.07 and 0.17μg/kg body weight(bw)per day,respectively,which were lower than the tolerable daily intake(TDI)of perchlorate(0.3μg/kg bw per day).The mean and P95 values of chlorate exposure via infant formulas in 0-36-month-old infants and young children were 0.83 and 1.89μg/kg bw per day,which were lower than the TDI of chlorate(3μg/kg bw per day).The P95 exposure of different age groups(0-6 months,7-12 months and 13-36 months)of infants and young children to perchlorate and chlorate in infant formulas was below the TDI.Therefore,the risk associated with the exposure of 0-36-month-old infants and young children to perchlorate and chlorate from infant formulas in Shanghai is considered acceptable.Prioritizing environmental pollution control efforts to reduce the levels of perchlorate and chlorate in food products is important to safeguard the health of the infants and children under the One Health concept.
基金Supported by Education and Teaching Reform Project of the First Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University,No.CMER202305Natural Science Foundation of Tibet Autonomous Region,No.XZ2024ZR-ZY100(Z).
文摘Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that presents significant treatment challenges due to its complexity,especially in terms of the various side effects that traditional medications may bring during the chronic course of the disease.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has emerged as a promising complementary therapy for UC.Based on the latest research,our editorial explored the current issues and potential essential research directions for TCM in treating UC.We anticipate that future high-quality research will pave the way for the optimization of TCM formulas for UC and their broader global application.
基金Supported by Guizhou Provincial Program on Commercialization of Scientific and Technological Achievements(QKZYD[2022]4047)Guizhou Provincial Edible Fungus Industrial Technology System[GZMARS-SYJ-2024-2026].
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the source of substitutive substrate raw materials for cultivation of edible fungi,reduce the cutting and use of woody materials,and realize harmless treatment and resource utilization of byproducts from Chinese medicine production and bamboo processing.[Methods]Traditional Chinese medicine residue and bamboo shavings were used to partially replace hardwood sawdust in the conventional formula,and the growth of Auricularia auricula mycelia in large test tubes under different substrate formulas was studied.[Results]The results showed that the mycelia of A.auricula could grow normally on substrates with byproducts,and the mycelia grew differently with different formulas,and the performance of different strains of the same species was also different.Compared with the conventional formula,the suitable substitution amount of bamboo shavings for A.auricula strains was 10%-30%,and the substitution amount of Chinese medicine residue was 5%-15%.[Conclusions]This study provides reference for the efficient utilization of byproducts and the expansion of raw material sources for production of edible fungi.
文摘We compare Newton’s force law of universal gravitation with a corrected simple approach based on Bhandari’s recently presented work, where the gravitation constant G is maintained. A reciprocity relation exists between both alternative gravity formulas with respect to the distances between mass centers. We conclude a one-to-one mapping of the two gravitational formulas. We don’t need Einstein’s construct of spacetime bending by matter.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFC3400700)the City-School Cooperation Project of the Fuyang Science and Technology Special Fund undertaken by Fuyang Normal University(SXHZ2020007)+1 种基金the Basic Research Program of Shenzhen Municipal Government(JCYJ20200109114242138)the Special Commissioner for Rural Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(KTP20210345).
文摘Background Meat originating from the spent hen is an important source of poultry meat production;however,multiple factors cause the decline in the meat quality of spent hens.Chinese herbs have been widely used as medi-cine for a long time to prevent diseases and as nutrient supplements to improve the product quality.This experi-ment explored the effects of adding 1.0%Chinese herbal formula(CHF,including 0.30%Leonurus japonicus Houtt.,0.20%Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.,0.25%Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,and 0.25%Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)for 120 d to the spent hens’diet through metabolomics,network pharmacology,and microbiome strategies.Results The results indicated that CHF supplementation improved the meat quality by reducing drip loss(P<0.05),b*value(P=0.058),and shear force(P=0.099)and increasing cooked meat percentage(P=0.054)and dry matter(P<0.05)of breast muscle.The addition of CHF improved the nutritional value of breast muscle by increasing(P<0.05)the content of C18:2n-6,n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA),total PUFA,PUFA-to-saturated fatty acids(SFA)ratio,and hypocholesterolemic-to-hypercholesterolemic ratio,and tending to increase serine content(P=0.069).The targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the biosynthesis of SFA,linoleic acid metabolism,fatty acid degradation,fatty acid elongation,and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were enriched by CHF supplementation.Furthermore,the network pharmacology analysis indicated that CHF was closely associated with oxidative stress and lipid metabo-lism.The CHF supplementation increased the glutathione peroxidase level(P<0.05)and upregulated gene expres-sion related to the Nrf2 pathway(including HO-1,P<0.05;Nrf2,P=0.098;CAT,P=0.060;GPX1,P=0.063;and SOD2,P=0.052)and lipid metabolism(including PPARγ,P<0.05;SREBP1,P=0.059;and CPT1A,P=0.058).Additionally,CHF supplementation increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes,Spirochaetes,and Synergistetes abundances(P<0.05),which may contribute to better meat quality.Conclusions Our results suggest that CHF supplementation improved the quality and nutritional value of meat,which will provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of CHF as a feed additive in spent hens’diets.
文摘Objective The study of medicine formulas is a core component of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),yet traditional learning methods often lack interactivity and contextual understanding,making it challenging for beginners to grasp the intricate composition rules of formulas.To address this gap,we introduce Formula-S,a situated visualization method for TCM formula learning in augmented reality(AR)and evaluate its performance.This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Formula-S in enhancing TCM formula learning for beginners by comparing it with traditional text-based formula learning and web-based visualization.Methods Formula-S is an interactive AR tool designed for TCM formula learning,featuring three modes(3D,Web,and Table).The dataset included TCM formulas and herb properties extracted from authoritative references,including textbook and the SymMap database.In Formula-S,the hierarchical visualization of the formulas as herbal medicine compositions,is linked to the multidimensional herb attribute visualization and embedded in the real world,where real herb samples are presented.To evaluate its effectiveness,a controlled study(n=30)was conducted.Participants who had no formal TCM knowledge were tasked with herbal medicine identification,formula composition,and recognition.In the study,participants interacted with the AR tool through HoloLens 2.Data were collected on both task performance(accuracy and response time)and user experience,with a focus on task efficiency,accuracy,and user preference across the different learning modes.Results The situated visualization method of Formula-S had comparable accuracy to other methods but shorter response time for herbal formula learning tasks.Regarding user experience,our new approach demonstrated the highest system usability and lowest task load,effectively reducing cognitive load and allowing users to complete tasks with greater ease and efficiency.Participants reported that Formula-S enhanced their learning experience through its intuitive interface and immersive AR environment,suggesting this approach offers usability advantages for TCM education.Conclusions The situated visualization method in Formula-S offers more efficient and accurate searching capabilities compared to traditional and web-based methods.Additionally,it provides superior contextual understanding of TCM formulas,making it a promising new solution for TCM learning.
基金Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2021JJ40510)General Guidance Project of Hunan Health Commission(202203074169)+1 种基金Clinical Medical Technology Innovation Guidance Project of Hunan Province(2021SK51901)and Key Guiding Projects of Hunan Health Commission(20201918)for supporting this study.
文摘Background:Insomnia is a prevalent clinical condition and Shangxia Liangji formula(SXLJF)is a well-established method of treatment.Nevertheless,the specific mechanism of action of SXLJF remains unclear.Methods:The mouse model of insomnia was established by intraperitoneal injection of para-chlorophenylalanine.Forty-two mice were randomly divided into a negative control group,model group,SXLJF group(18.72 g/kg/day),and positive control group(diazepam,2 mg/kg)and treated with the corresponding drugs for 7 consecutive days.The open field test and pentobarbital-induced sleeping test were conducted.LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics and network pharmacology were applied to explore the potential targets of SXLJF for treating insomnia.Finally,key targets were validated using RT-qPCR.Results:Behavioral tests demonstrated that SXLJF reduced the total distance,average velocity,central distance,and sleep latency,and prolonged sleep duration.Metabolomics and network pharmacology revealed potential targets,signaling pathways,metabolic pathways,and metabolites associated with the anti-insomnia effects of SXLJF.Specifically,tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)and tyrosine metabolism emerged as crucial metabolic pathways and targets,respectively.RT-qPCR results supported the role of TH in the mechanism of SXLJF in treating insomnia.Conclusion:In conclusion,TH and tyrosine metabolism may represent significant targets and pathways for SXLJF in treating insomnia.
文摘This article reviews the study,“Fanlian huazhuo formula alleviates high-fat-dietinduced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating autophagy and lipid synthesis signaling pathway”published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.The study explores the therapeutic potential of Fanlian Huazhuo formula(FLHZF)in treating metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),demonstrating that FLHZF reduces lipid accumulation,oxidative stress,and liver injury in MASLD models by modulating key signaling pathways involved in lipid metabolism and autophagy.This editorial emphasizes the potential of FLHZF as a treatment for MASLD and calls for further research to verify its clinical efficacy.
文摘OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of action of Qihuang Zhuyu formula(QHZYF)in improving depression after myocardial infarction(MI),with a focus on revealing its regulatory effect on the inflammatory response of the heart and brain.METHODS The active ingredients of QHZYF and the action targets for intervening in depression after MI were analyzed by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking.A rat model of depression after MI was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery combined with chronic restraint stress.Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)and Masson staining were used to evaluate myocardial injury,behavioral tests were used to detect melancholic behaviors,Nissl staining was used to evaluate hippocampal neuron injury.Western blot detection of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2(TNFR2),phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K),phosphorylated seronine protein kinase(p-AKT),seronine protein kinase(AKT),tumor necrosis factor receptor 1(TNFR1),phosphorylated nuclear factorκB(p-NF-κB),and nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)in cardiac and hippocampal tissues was conducted.The levels of serum IL-6 and IL-10 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the expression of TNFR1 and TNFR2 was detected by immunohistochemical technique(IHC).In vitro experiments,co-culture of rat cardiomyocyte line H9C2 cells and rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cell line with high differentiation PC12 cells was conducted,TNFR1 inhibitor(H398)and TNFR2 agonist(C-6His)were administered for intervention,and the expression of TNFR2,PI3K,p-AKT,AKT,TNFR1,NF-κB,p-NF-κB was detected by Western blot.Observe the apoptosis of cells by TUNEL staining,ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in the cell supernatant.RESULTS Network pharmacological analysis indicates that the TNF signaling pathway was a key target for the treatment of depression after MI with the QHZYF.In vivo experiments have confirmed that the intervention of QHZYF could significantly improve the cardiac function,myocardial tissue and hippocampal neuron structure damage of depressed rats after MI,and improve their depression-like behaviors.At the molecular level,the high-dose group of QHZYF significantly upregulated TNFR2,p-AKT/AKT,and IL-10 in cardiac and hippocampal tissues(P<0.01),and downregulated TNFR1,p-NF-κB/NF-κB and IL-6(P<0.01).In vitro experiments showed that the drug-containing serum of QHZYF significantly upregulated the expression of TNFR2,p-AKT/AKT and IL-10 in H9C2 and PC12 cells(P<0.01),downregulated the expression of TNFR1,p-NF-κB/NF-κB and IL-6(P<0.01),and significantly inhibited cell apoptosis(P<0.01).Furthermore,experiments on the combined application of H398 or C-6His further confirmed that its protective and anti-inflammatory effects were mediated by regulating the TNFR2/PI3K/AKT and TNFR1/NF-κB pathways.CONCLUSION QHZYF improves the homeostasis of heart and brain inflammation by regulating the TNF pathway,and ameliorates myocardial injury and depressive state in depressed rats after MI.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82374382,82074361,82274293)school-level major project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(2023-JYB-JBZD-037)+1 种基金hospital-level project of Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(DZMG-XZYY-23002)Chinese Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine Practical Project(ZSL-003-02)。
文摘Background:The Shenlian formula demonstrates therapeutic bmodelenefits for diabetic kidney disease(DKD).Yet,its effectiveness in mitigating renal interstitial fibrosis(RIF)and the pharmacological underpinnings remain to be elucidated.This investigation seeks to delineate some of the formula’s potential mechanisms via experimental validation.Methods:The study initiated by inducing a DKD in rats through unilateral nephrectomy combined with streptozotocin(STZ)administration and an advanced glycation end products-bovine serum albumin(AGE-BSA)induced DKD model in HK-2 cells to assess the Shenlian formula’s renal protective effects.Renal tissues underwent pathological and immunohistochemical staining to evaluate improvements in RIF.Mechanistic insights were further obtained through techniques such as Western Blot,immunofluorescence,co-immunoprecipitation,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and protein docking analyses.Results:Shenlian formula could enhance renal function,alleviate tubular damage,suppress epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),reduce extracellular matrix(ECM)deposition,and thus decelerate RIF progression.It notably decreased the expression of markers associated with pyroptosis(NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC),caspase1,cleaved-caspase1,gasdermin D(GSDMD),GSDMD-N,interleukin-18(IL-18),interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β)),effectively inhibiting renal cell pyroptosis.Moreover,the formula facilitated autophagy substrate(sequestosome 1(p62))degradation,efficiently restoring the autophagy pathway.It also modulated autophagy,impacting cell pyroptosis regulation.Conclusion:The Shenlian formula potentially inhibits cellular pyroptosis by modulating the autophagy pathway,thereby diminishing inflammation-induced renal injury and fibrosis.This finding suggests a novel therapeutic approach for managing DKD-induced fibrosis.
基金National Key Research and Development Plan:Evidence-Based Evaluation and Therapeutic Mechanism Cooperation Study of Yishen Tongluo Formula for Preventing Diabetes Kidney Disease(Phase 3)(No.2020YFE0201800)Key Science and Technology Projects of Henan Province:Research on Innovative Drug Cooperation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Yishen Tongluo Concentrated Pills(益肾通络浓缩丸)(No.221111520300)+1 种基金Key scientific and technological projects of Henan province:Study on the Pharmacodynamic Mechanism of Yishen Tongluo Formula in Treatment of Diabetes Kidney Disease based on the Interaction Regulation of Protein Phosphorylation and Acylation Modification(No.212102310347)to WU SuhuiNational Natural Science Foundation of China:the Mechanism of Yishen Tongluo Formula Intervention in Diabetic Kidney Disease based on(Yin-Yang-1/Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Mediated Endothelial Podocyte Interaction Response(No.82474495)to XU Jiangyan。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Yishen Tongluo formula(益肾通络方,YSTLF)in streptozotocin-induced diabetic kidney disease mice(DKD)mice.METHODS:Thirty Institute of Cancer Research mice(specific pathogen free,SPF grade)were divided into five groups(n=6 per group):control,DKD model,DKD model with YSTLF(4.9 g/kg),DKD model with YSTLF(9.8 g/kg),and DKD model with captopril.DKD was induced through a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(150 mg/kg).Body weight,fasting blood glucose and urine C-peptide levels were measured to assess metabolic regulation by YSTLF.Renal function was evaluated using indicators of glomerular and tubular health.Liver function was assessed by measuring aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels.Renal pathological changes were examined using hematoxylin/eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy.Inflammatory and apoptosis-related factors were analyzed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,immunohistochemistry,and Western blot analysis.RESULTS:In DKD mice,fasting blood glucose,Cpeptide,24-hour urine protein(UP)levels,and renal damage were elevated,accompanied by increased inflammation and apoptosis.YSTLF significantly reduced 24-hour UP and C-peptide levels and improved kidney and liver function in DKD mice.YSTLF also mitigated glomerular hypertrophy,basement membrane thickening,and podocyte foot process effacement.It upregulated the expression of the podocyte marker podocalyxin.Furthermore,YSTLF alleviated inflammation and apoptosis,likely by reducing the overexpression of monocyte chemoattractant protein(MCP-1),Bax,and Caspase-3 in the kidneys of DKD mice.CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that YSTLF ameliorates kidney injury by modulating the expression of inflammatory cytokine MCP-1 and the Bax/Caspase-3 apoptosis pathway,providing a potential therapeutic approach for DKD.
文摘We apply methods of algebraic integral geometry to prove a special case of the Gaussian kinematic formula of Adler-Taylor.The idea,suggested already by Adler and Taylor,is to view the GKF as the limit of spherical kinematic formulas for spheres of large dimension N and curvature1/N.
基金supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20272)。
文摘Cronobacter spp.has strong resistance to desiccation and high permeability in Enterobacteriaceae,and powdered infant formula(PIF)is one of the main contamination routes.In recent years,the contamination of Cronobacter spp.in PIF incidents occurs from time to time,causing infant serious diseases or death.In this investigation,matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry was used to identify the phenotypes of 35 Cronobacter strains isolated from PIF and its processing environment.Subsequently,the isolates were evaluated for drying and osmotic pressure tolerance.The results showed that the deactivation rate of the strains ranged from 9.01%to 77.57%,and the highest osmotic pressure condition the strains could tolerate was 6 g/100 mL Na Cl.In addition,there was a positive correlation between biofilm formation ability and desiccation resistance.Combined with transcriptomics,Cronobacter spp.could activate biofilm synthesis,produce more trehalose,accumulate betaine and electrolytes to stabilize intracellular structure under the two treatment conditions.A total of 31 and 43 genes were found related to desiccation and permeability resistance,respectively.And some genes(cysM,thuF,ycjO,etc.)were found to be associated with two tolerances for the first time.
基金Supported by the Capital Health Research and Development of Special(No.2016-1-4192)Beijing University of Chinese Medicine's 2022 Basic Research Business Fee Disclosure Leading Project(No.2022-JYB-JBZR-038)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To assess the benefits of Qingre Xiaozheng formula(清热消癥方,QRXZF)as an adjunct to standard Western medical management on renal outcomes in patients with diabetic kidney disease(DKD).METHODS:This retrospective study included patients with DKD who received the QRXZF between May 2017 and May 2021.A total of 144 patients with DKD,24 h urinary total protein(24 h-UTP)≥0.5 g,and estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR)≥30 m L/min per 1.73 m^(2)were divided into the treatment group or the control group based on whether they received QRXZF treatment.The long-term renal outcomes of patients with DKD were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the QRXZF.Differences in overall survival(OS)were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curve analysis.Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for renal endpoints.RESULTS:The mean follow-up period was(28±15)months.Nine(12.5%)patients in the treatment group and 27(37.5%)patients in the control group met the renal endpoints.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that 24 h-UTP≥3.5 g[hazard ratio(HR)=4.70,95%confidence interval(CI)(1.83,12.05),P=0.001],combined coronary artery disease[HR=3.39,95%CI(1.65,6.98),P=0.001],total cholesterol[HR=1.34,95%CI(1.05,1.70),P=0.019]and low-density lipoprotein[HR=1.65,95%CI(1.111,2.45),P=0.013]were independent prognostic factors for renal endpoints in patients with DKD.Compared with the treatment group,the risk of renal endpoint events increased 2.68-fold in the control group[HR=2.68,95%CI(1.19,6.02);P=0.017].We included 48 patients with 24 h-UTP≥3.5 g in a further stratification analysis of patients with DKD.The independent risk factor for the renal endpoints in patients with 24h-UTP≥3.5 g was smoking history[HR=5.52,95%CI(1.131,26.92),P=0.035].Compared with the treatment group,the risk of renal endpoint events increased 3.01-fold in the control group[HR=3.01,95%CI(1.05,8.67);P=0.041].CONCLUSIONS:The results show that QRXZF treatment improved renal outcomes and reduced proteinuria in patients with DKD.These results indicate that Traditional Chinese Medicine is likely to have a positive therapeutic effect on established and advanced DKD.Further well-designed clinical trials with longer follow-up periods are required.
