OBJECTIVE:To assess the efficacy and safety of the Qingyanyin formulated granules(轻燕饮配方颗粒,QYY),press needles(PN),and their combined application in addressing abdominal obesity(AO).This trial aims to offer a mor...OBJECTIVE:To assess the efficacy and safety of the Qingyanyin formulated granules(轻燕饮配方颗粒,QYY),press needles(PN),and their combined application in addressing abdominal obesity(AO).This trial aims to offer a more scientifically grounded therapeutic regimen for clinical interventions.METHODS:From March 2021 to July 2021,a multicenter,triple-blind,randomized 2×2 factorial design clinical trial was conducted across 7 centers in 4 major cities within China's mainland.The trial participants were patients diagnosed with AO.The trial followed a 1∶1∶1∶1 random allocation ratio,assigning participants to one of four groups:QYY placebo plus simulated press needles(SPN)(placebo+SPN),QYY plus SPN(QYY+SPN),QYY placebo plus PN(placebo+PN),and QYY plus PN(QYY+PN).The trial participants received treatment for 12 weeks.Observe the changes in waist circumference,body weight,body mass index(BMI),Beck Depression Inventory(BDI),Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI)scores,and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)before and after treatment.RESULTS:The QYY+PN group exhibited significant improvements in waist circumference compared to placebo+PN[Difference=-1.59,95%CI(-3.03,-0.16)]and placebo+SPN groups[Difference=-2.01,95%CI(-3.46,-0.57)].QYY+PN demonstrated a significant advantage over placebo+SPN[Difference=-2.01,95%CI(-3.46,-0.57)],and no statistically significant interaction was observed between the two interventions(P>0.05).In terms of weight and BMI improvements,the QYY+PN,QYY+SPN,and the PN+placebo groups all experienced trending greater reductions in weight compared to the placebo group.In terms of the total scores of PSQI,BAI,and BDI,all four groups exhibited improvements compared to the baseline.Specifically,concerning the change in total PSQI scores,the QYY+PN group exhibited a greater reduction;Regarding the change in total BAI scores,the PN+placebo group demonstrated a greater decrease;As for the change in total BDI scores,the QYY+SPN group displayed a greater reduction.CONCLUSION:This study confirmed that QYY+PN can effectively reduce the waist circumference of patients with AO.Furthermore,the combined approach offers greater benefits than either treatment alone,all without any reported serious adverse events.展开更多
A spice formulation study in Burkina Faso was carried out using local ingredients for the benefit of households. The objective of this study was to propose some spice formulations based on local ingredients in order t...A spice formulation study in Burkina Faso was carried out using local ingredients for the benefit of households. The objective of this study was to propose some spice formulations based on local ingredients in order to reduce the use of chemical spices in the preparation of different dishes. The Design of Experiments (DOE) methodology was used for the formulation of the spices and their physicochemical, nutritional and sensory characteristics were evaluated by standardized and standard methods. The results obtained showed lipid contents (g/100 g DM) ranging from 10.41 ± 0.26 to 15.64 ± 0.68, total sugars from 4.39 ± 0.32 to 5.46 ± 0.31, protein from 3.65 ± 0.17 to 12.04 ± 0.35 and ash from 5.83 ± 0.01 to 7.02 ± 0.01. The polyphenol content ranged from 9.09 ± 1.60 to 11.33 ± 0.90, and the flavonoid content ranged from 0.65 ± 0.03 to 1.08 ± 0.13. The sensory analysis carried out showed that the spices have generally satisfactory organoleptic characteristics. These results constitute new information in the diet of populations and are an alternative to the chemical spices used in their cooking.展开更多
As bacterial infections have emerged as the second leading cause of death worldwide,the urgent demand for novel and effective antibacterial therapies continues to escalate.In this context,three-dimensional(3D)printing...As bacterial infections have emerged as the second leading cause of death worldwide,the urgent demand for novel and effective antibacterial therapies continues to escalate.In this context,three-dimensional(3D)printing technology offers transformative potential for the design and fabrication of oral formulations,internal implants,and external dressings in the management of bacterial inflammation.Conventional oral antibacterial agents often suffer from limitations in drug release kinetics and gastrointestinal stability.Leveraging 3D printing enables precise control over drug release profiles,thereby enhancing both bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.Moreover,the development of internal implants requires high levels of individual specificity and structural precision.Through patient-specific customization and the incorporation of appropriate antibacterial materials,3D printing allows the fabrication of implants tailored to individual clinical needs,ultimately increasing surgical success rates and minimizing postoperative infection risks.Additionally,3D-printed external dressings exhibit excellent antibacterial activity,accelerate wound healing,and facilitate patient recovery.This review summarizes the fabrication methods,key advantages,and therapeutic outcomes of 3D printing in oral delivery systems,implantable devices,and wound dressings.It further highlights recent advances and emerging trends,offering insights and strategic guidance for the rational design and application of antibacterial therapeutics.展开更多
Quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies exhibit the feature of 2π-periodicity with respect to each of the hyper-time variables.However,it remains a challenge work,due to the lack of effective solution...Quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies exhibit the feature of 2π-periodicity with respect to each of the hyper-time variables.However,it remains a challenge work,due to the lack of effective solution methods,to solve and track the quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies until now.In this work,a multi-steps variable-coefficient formulation is proposed,which provides a unified framework to enable either harmonic balance method or collocation method or finite difference method to solve quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies.For this purpose,a method of alternating U and S domain is also developed to efficiently evaluate the nonlinear force terms.Furthermore,a new robust phase condition is presented for all of the three methods to make them track the quasi-periodic solutions with prior unknown multiple base frequencies,while the stability of the quasi-periodic solutions is assessed by mean of Lyapunov exponents.The feasibility of the constructed methods under the above framework is verified by application to three nonlinear systems.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to learn the soil nutrient status of the main rapeseed planting areas in Linxiang County,Yunnan Province,and propose full production potential of soil and fertilizer recommendations,thereby pro...[Objective] The aim was to learn the soil nutrient status of the main rapeseed planting areas in Linxiang County,Yunnan Province,and propose full production potential of soil and fertilizer recommendations,thereby promoting local rapeseed production and income.[Method] The soil samples collected in field and tested in laboratory,with amount of fertilizer needed by rapeseed investigation were combined to calculate the formulated fertilization.[Result] Most of the soil organic matter and nutrient content of NPK were at the middle or higher level in the main rapeseed planting areas in Linxiang County.However,more than half of the soils were acidic or strongly acidic,and the soil p H maintained below 5.5.The shortage soil boron was more serious,the average content and nearly 60% of the sample of soil available boron were less than 0.5 mg/kg.[Conclusion] The formulated fertilization recommendations were identified as follows.To achieve the goal of 3 750 kg/hm^2240,150 and 75 kg/ha,if the application amount of manure was 15 000 kg/h,the total fertilizer N,P2O5,K2 O amount applied were separately 300,195 and 195 kg/hm^2.The chemical fertilizer N,P2O5,K2 O amount applied should be respectively 240,150 and 75 kg/hm^2,if the application amount of manure was 15 000 kg/hm^2.The nitrogen species of urea（containing N 46%）,causing weakest effect on soil acidification,was selected and applied about with 525 kg/hm^2.The alkaline calcium magnesium phosphate（P2O520%）,alternating superphosphate,was applied with about 750 kg/hm^2.Sulfuric acid potassium（K2O 50%） was applied with about 150 kg/hm^2.About 7.5kg/hm^2 borax was applied into soil as basal fertilizer,while spraying 7.5 kg/hm^2 fluid boron at the Bolting stag.展开更多
We outline the smart manufacturing challenges for formulated products, which are typically multicom- ponent, structured, and multiphase. These challenges predominate in the food, pharmaceuticals, agricul- tural and sp...We outline the smart manufacturing challenges for formulated products, which are typically multicom- ponent, structured, and multiphase. These challenges predominate in the food, pharmaceuticals, agricul- tural and specialty chemicals, energy storage and energetic materials, and consumer goods industries, and are driven by fast-changing customer demand and, in some cases, a tight regulatory framework. This paper discusses progress in smart manufacturing namely, digitalization and the use of large data- sets with predictive models and solution- nding algorithms in these industries. While some progress has been achieved, there is a strong need for more demonstration of model-based tools on realistic prob- lems in order to demonstrate their bene ts and highlight any systemic weaknesses.展开更多
[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to provide technical support for high-yield cultivation of major crops in Burundi,thereby increasing local farmers'income and promoting sustainable development of agricult...[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to provide technical support for high-yield cultivation of major crops in Burundi,thereby increasing local farmers'income and promoting sustainable development of agriculture in Burundi.[Methods]In the IMBO and MOSO test stations of the Burundi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Burundi Fruit and Vegetable Extension and Service Center,soil testing and formulated fertilization test and demonstration was carried out in rice,maize and cabbage.The test set up three treatments,soil testing and formulated fertilization(STFF),local routine fertilization(RF)and non-fertilization(CK)to investigate the effects of soil testing and formulated fertilization on the yield and economic benefit of the crops.[Results]In the plot test,the yield and net economic benefit of rice,maize and cabbage were both highest in the STFF treatment.Compared with those in the RF treatment,the yield of rice,maize and cabbage increased by 19.0%,25.7%and 33.0%,respectively,and the net economic benefit increased by 4292,2837 and 8232 yuan/ha,respectively.In the field test,the yield and net economic benefit of rice,maize and cabbage were also both highest in the STFF treatment.The yield increased by 18.1%,24.3%and 25.9%,respectively,and the net economic benefit increased by 4142,2881 and 8665 yuan/ha,respectively compared with those in the RF treatment.[Conclusions]Soil testing and formulated fertilization not only increased rice,maize and cabbage yield per unit area,but also increased farmers'income in Burundi.It is one of the important technical measures to promote the increase of agricultural production and income in Burundi.展开更多
Solid waste and air pollution are never ending environmental problems that can be partially solved by turning waste into useful bio-products. In this study, enzymatic solutions were developed by formulating enzymatic ...Solid waste and air pollution are never ending environmental problems that can be partially solved by turning waste into useful bio-products. In this study, enzymatic solutions were developed by formulating enzymatic solutions from fish intestines and fruit peels. This aimed to help in biodegradation of organic solid wastes. Organic waste samples were treated with formulated enzymatic solutions for 7 days in aerated set-up for aerobic degradation. Biodegradability and odor of the waste samples were compared with commercial enzymatic solution. Determination of evolved carbon dioxide (CO2) using gravimetric analysis (GA) was used to determine the percent biodegradability, Dt, of organic solid waste and odor-ranking method was used to determine the odor intensity of the organic waste samples. The result showed that the weight loss and percentage biodegradability of organic waste sample treated with formulated enzymatic solution is comparable with that of the commercial enzymatic solution. In terms of odor intensity, waste treated with the product, formulated enzymatic solution (FES) is also comparable to the waste treated with commercial enzymatic solution. Thus, implying that the developed FES is as efficient as that of the commercial enzymatic solution. These significant results will be helpful to future researchers in providing ways on improving the degradation of organic solid waste and mitigating the increasing glitches on our environment. Enzyme kinetics, physical and chemical properties studies of the solution were recommended for future researchers to accurately determine the effectiveness of the formulated enzymatic solution in the degradation of organic solid waste.展开更多
In light of the use of Lannea barteri in the management of diverse illnesses and treatment of wounds in traditional medicine, the current study was conducted to assess the wound-healing efficacy of crude aqueous extra...In light of the use of Lannea barteri in the management of diverse illnesses and treatment of wounds in traditional medicine, the current study was conducted to assess the wound-healing efficacy of crude aqueous extract of the stem bark of Lannea barteri and its shea butter formulated ointment using an excision wound model in the rabbit. The herbal ointment (5%, w/w) exhibited a significant wound healing activity, showing 99.9% ± 0.3% wound contraction at the end of the experiment (24th day). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the 5% (w/w) herbal ointment compared with Silver Sulphadiazine cream (positive control), which showed a 97.8% ± 1.0% rate of excision wound contraction on day 24. Compared with the negative control group (administered with only shea butter), the wound healing activity of the ointment was significant (p Lannea barteri for the treatment of wounds and demonstrates that shea butter usage as a base in formulating an herbal ointment might aid in topical application for wound repair and regeneration, as well as the potential for enhanced wound healing.展开更多
The main objective of the study is to improve the removal efficiency of Ourlago-kaolin (Kao), sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT), and two formulated clay-lime (F13 and F23) towards CI Acid Orange 52 dye (AO52). F13 and F...The main objective of the study is to improve the removal efficiency of Ourlago-kaolin (Kao), sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT), and two formulated clay-lime (F13 and F23) towards CI Acid Orange 52 dye (AO52). F13 and F23 were obtained by chemical stabilization through thermal treatment at 300°C. Fourier Transform Infrared spectra showed different surface functional groups on the clay materials, X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the raw materials contain many crystalline phases, scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed the variation of the layered structures of different clay materials, energy dispersive X-Ray analysis micrographs revealed compositional information and thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry curves indicated the higher weight loss of 11.26% and 11.38% were observed for F13 and F23 respectively. BET surface area analyzed gave 133.0071 m<sup>2</sup>•g<sup>−1</sup> for F13 and 132.34803 m<sup>2</sup>•g<sup>−1</sup> for F23. The optimum pH value was 2.0 for Kao and Na-MMT. The adsorption experiments indicated that F13 and F23 have the maximum uptake abilities of 7.8740 and 3.1645 mg•g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, compared to Kao (0.8761 mg•g<sup>−1</sup>) and Na-MMT (2.6178 mg•g<sup>−1</sup>). The pseudo-second-order model well described the adsorption kinetic model of AO52 dye onto the overall samples;Langmuir and Freundlich’s isotherms appropriately described the uptake mechanism. The positive values of ∆G° and negative value ∆H° indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic for Na-MMT, and non-spontaneous and exothermic for Kao, F13, and F23 because of their positive values of ∆G° and negative value of ∆H°. The modified clays have higher adsorption capacities and better life cycles compared hence opening new avenues for efficient wastewater treatment.展开更多
A geometrically exact Kirchhoff beam formulation(GEKBF)established on the Lie group SO(3)for simulating the dynamics of a slender beam is proposed.The kinematic description,dynamic equilibrium equations and their line...A geometrically exact Kirchhoff beam formulation(GEKBF)established on the Lie group SO(3)for simulating the dynamics of a slender beam is proposed.The kinematic description,dynamic equilibrium equations and their linearization are derived in this framework.Then,a second-order interpolation function for the torsion angle is introduced to improve the convergence of the element.Next,the rotation vector parameterization is developed to reduce the geometric nonlinearity caused by the rotation of the rigid body.In addition,the influence of the reference frame is considered,and the derivation of the elastic force and Jacobian matrix is simplified using the spatial-parallel transport.The semi-discrete equations of motion are in the form of a second-order ordinary differential equation on Lie group,which are solved using the Lie group generalizedα-method.Finally,the accuracy of the proposed formulation is verified using several numerical examples.展开更多
The aim of the present study was to develop a formulated feed for improving skin pigmentation and growth performance of koi carp juveniles. Two experiments were conducted for determination of an optimal dietary astaxa...The aim of the present study was to develop a formulated feed for improving skin pigmentation and growth performance of koi carp juveniles. Two experiments were conducted for determination of an optimal dietary astaxanthin and FM （fish meal） ration for koi carp juveniles. In the first experiment, three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic dietary treatments were designed with three different levels of astaxanthin consisted of 60, 80 and 100 mg/kg and a commercial feed served as a control. For the second experiment, four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic dietary treatments were formulated with graded inclusions of dietary FM replaced from 0% to 60% at 20% increments by SM （soybean meal）, PBM （poultry by-product meal）, and a CD （control diet）. Obtained results demonstrated that skin pigmentation of koi carp juveniles fed the diet containing 80 mg/kg astaxanthin, 36.02% protein, 7.78% lipid, 4.20 Kcal/g GE （gross energy） were more better than those at the diet with lower estaxanthin content and commercial diet. Moreover, the highest growth and feed utilization of fish were observed at this diet with WG （weight gain）, SGR （specific growth rate） and FCR （feed conversion ratio） were 121.80%, 0.95 （%/day） and 1.6, respectively.展开更多
Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa subsp.pekinensis)is a widely cultivated vegetable crop in Asia with significant economic importance(Li et al.,2024;Yu et al.,2024).As a potyvirus with the broad host range,turnip mosaic v...Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa subsp.pekinensis)is a widely cultivated vegetable crop in Asia with significant economic importance(Li et al.,2024;Yu et al.,2024).As a potyvirus with the broad host range,turnip mosaic virus(TuMV)is a major pathogen affecting Chinese cabbages,leading to severe yield losses(Li et al.,2019).Traditional control measures have shown limited efficacy,and the long-term use of chemical pesticides has led to significant issues such as environmental pollution and pathogen resistance(Samara et al.,2021;Lu et al.,2022).Biologicallyderived pesticides have garnered considerable attention owing to their eco-friendly attributes(Ayilara et al.,2023).γ-Aminobutyric acid(GABA),initially discovered in potato tubers,has been proven to regulate immune responses and enhance resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens by modulating reactive oxygen species and stress-related hormone signals(Tarkowski et al.,2020;Wang et al.,2025).But biologically-derived agents typically face challenges such as large particle size and instability,which limit their practical application and bioavailability(Daraban et al.,2023).展开更多
This study reports the synthesis of oleic acid sterol ester with liquid crystalline properties and its enhanced stability and UV-blocking performance through microencapsulation.Oleic acid sterol ester was synthesized ...This study reports the synthesis of oleic acid sterol ester with liquid crystalline properties and its enhanced stability and UV-blocking performance through microencapsulation.Oleic acid sterol ester was synthesized via the esterification of phytosterol and oleic acid,whose structure was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and mass spectrometry(MS).Its liquid crystalline behavior was confirmed via the polarized optical microscopy(POM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),wide-angle X-ray scattering(WAXS),and small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS).UV absorption tests were conducted to assess the UV-blocking performance of the oleic acid sterol ester liquid crystals.To improve the stability of its liquid crystalline structure,the oleic acid sterol ester was encapsulated into microcapsules through the emulsion polymerization.SPF measurements were performed on the sunscreen formulations containing liquid crystal microcapsules.The oleic acid sterol ester displayed cholesteric liquid crystalline behavior and strong UVA absorption,which indicates its suitability as a natural UV absorber.Microencapsulation further enhanced its stability and UV-blocking properties.SPF testing showed that the formulations with microcapsules achieved an SPF value of 7.01,which surpasses the nano titanium dioxide(SPF=6.23)and significantly outperform the unencapsulated liquid crystal formulations(SPF=2.65).This study highlights the potential of microencapsulated oleic acid sterol ester as a novel UV absorber in the sunscreen formulations,offers the enhanced stability and effective UV protection,and showcases its application potential in the innovative cosmetic products.展开更多
Cashew processing in Côte d’Ivoire focuses only on the cashew nut, to the detriment of the apple. Only a very small proportion of the apple is processed into juice. The aim of this work is to enhance the value o...Cashew processing in Côte d’Ivoire focuses only on the cashew nut, to the detriment of the apple. Only a very small proportion of the apple is processed into juice. The aim of this work is to enhance the value of cashew apples by transforming them into jam. Specifically, the aim was first to characterize the sensory properties of cashew apple jam formulations using baobab powder as a source of pectin and then to optimise the formulations. A Box-Behken design with pH, Sugar, and Baobab as factors was used to model and characterize the jam sensory descriptors, and a multivariate analysis with SensomineR was used to characterize the jam formulations. The desirability function was used to optimise the formulations. The results show globally significant regressions at the 0.05 threshold for the sensory descriptors Gelling, Brilliance, Smell, Sweetness, and (-)Astringency, with the exception of (-)Salinity. The R2 coefficients are greater than 80%. The factors studied could have effects on the sensory descriptors of cashew jam formulations. The Baobab had the main effect on the gelling, smell, and astringency of the jams. Brilliance depended on the added sugar. A product effect (p < 0.001) was observed for the descriptors Smell, Gelling, Brilliance, and Sweetness, as these allowed the panelists to find differences between the formulations. Optimum jam formulation can be achieved with 51.56% sugar and 2.12% Baobab at a pH of 3.15. Cashew apple jam using Baobab offers opportunities to add value to apples that have long been abandoned in the field. It would be important to find conditions for prolonged storage of this jam.展开更多
Background:Fuke Huahuang formulation(FHF)is widely used in the treatment of vaginitis,with clinical evidence indicating its promising anti-inflammatory properties.Methods:We explored the bioactive components and poten...Background:Fuke Huahuang formulation(FHF)is widely used in the treatment of vaginitis,with clinical evidence indicating its promising anti-inflammatory properties.Methods:We explored the bioactive components and potential mechanisms of FHF for treating vaginitis,and reveal its pharmacological activities against vaginitis.Results:A total of 12 anti-inflammatory components in FHF and 584 pharmacological targets were identified.Furthermore,1427 vaginitis-associated targets were identified,and 184 intersection targets between FHF and vaginitis were constructed for network analysis.Gene Ontology and pathway analysis revealed that the therapeutical targets of FHF against vaginitis are involved in modulating inflammatory stress,enhancing immunoregulation,reconstructing the microenvironment,and suppressing cell damage.Molecular docking analysis further suggested the possible direct binding of the bioactive compounds of FHF(fumarine)to the core targets,including AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 1(AKT1),Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3(STAT3),and nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB).Experimental validation found that FHF-treated vaginitis rats exhibited reduced intracellular AKT1,STAT3,and NF-κB protein expressions.Conclusion:Overall,we identified the bioactive compounds and pharmacological mechanisms of FHF against vaginitis,thus offering a theoretical fundament for exploring FHF for treating vaginitis in the future.展开更多
This work focuses on the formulation of a dietary cold sauce,mayonnaise,which combines the therapeutic properties of two basic ingredients:PSO(Pumpkin Seed Oil)and quail egg,both of which are renowned for their high f...This work focuses on the formulation of a dietary cold sauce,mayonnaise,which combines the therapeutic properties of two basic ingredients:PSO(Pumpkin Seed Oil)and quail egg,both of which are renowned for their high functional properties.PSO is essentially made up of unsaturated fatty acids(50%to 65%)including linoleic acid,from the omega 6 family,oleic acid(20%to 50%),a monounsaturated fatty acid(omega 9),cucurbitin,phytosterols,tri-terpenes and vitamin E(3.5 mg%).The nutritional,fatty acid,vitamin and mineral compositions of the mayonnaise compared with the ingredients,the physico-chemical characteristics of the quail egg,the PSO and the tasting of the mayonnaise were determined and gave results in terms of variable contents which are recorded in Tables 2-8.The results obtained were satisfactory.Mayonnaise,a semi-solid emulsion of oil in water with viscoelastic properties due to the network formed by lipoproteins adsorbed around neighbouring drops of oil,was prepared using the ratio of quail egg and PSO 1/4.This study may offer an alternative way of making dietary sauces.展开更多
Skin aging is a complicated process affected by extrinsic factors such as ultraviolet(UV)radiation and environmental pollutants,in addition to intrinsic factors such as oxidative stress and cellular senescence.These f...Skin aging is a complicated process affected by extrinsic factors such as ultraviolet(UV)radiation and environmental pollutants,in addition to intrinsic factors such as oxidative stress and cellular senescence.These factors initiate inflammation,collagen breakdown,and visible signs of aging.Polyherbal formulation with multiple plant extracts with synergistic bioactive compounds offers a sustainable and scientifically proven way of modulating the interrelated pathways that contribute to skin aging.This comprehensive review features 7 key anti-aging plants,including Curcuma longa,Curcuma aromatica,Glycyrrhiza glabra,Calendula officinalis,Boehavia diffusa,Withania somnifera,and Matricaria chamomilla,and discusses their active phytoconstituents such as curcumin,glabridin,withanolides,and apigenin.These agents improve the hydration of skin,increase collagen synthesis,inhibit matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs),and modulate oxidative stress.This review emphasizes the opportunity to combine some of the most sophisticated dermal delivery methods(e.g.,liposome,ethosome,and emulgel technologies)with traditional ethnobotanical knowledge to increase bioavailability and efficacy of herbal actives.All research indicates that polyherbal formulations offer a multi-targeted,sustainable,and therapeutically viable alternative to synthetic anti-aging pharmaceuticals,bridging traditional knowledge and contemporary cosmeceutical techniques.展开更多
In recent years,the rising prevalence of respiratory diseases,coupled with advancements in biotechnology and pharmacology,has positioned inhalable formulations as a preferred method of drug administration.This approac...In recent years,the rising prevalence of respiratory diseases,coupled with advancements in biotechnology and pharmacology,has positioned inhalable formulations as a preferred method of drug administration.This approach enables direct and rapid delivery of medication to the lungs,maximizing therapeutic effects while minimizing dosage and potential side effects.In this review,we meticulously examined current literature and clinical trial databases to present a comprehensive overview of three key areas:(1)inhalation devices currently utilized in clinical settings;(2)the clinical applications of approved inhalable formulations;and(3)preclinical research on inhalable treatments targeting various lung conditions,including pulmonary infections,tuberculosis,lung cancer,pulmonary fibrosis,as well as systemic diseases like Parkinson’s disease.The objective was to delve into both foundational research and the clinical use of inhalable formulations within the pharmaceutical field,with the aim of fostering their broader adoption and guiding the development of inhalable therapies for a more comprehensive range of diseases.展开更多
Objective:The purpose of this article is to investigate the performance of Echinacea extract as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in a hydrating cream.Methods:The hydrating cream was prepared by mixing the oil an...Objective:The purpose of this article is to investigate the performance of Echinacea extract as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in a hydrating cream.Methods:The hydrating cream was prepared by mixing the oil and water phases at a temperature of 75±2℃.Then,physicochemical and microbial analyses were performed on the prepared cream using different devices.Results:For proper evaluation and a more detailed examination of the prepared cream,each experiment was performed three times(n≥3),and the average data are reported.The results of the prepared cream indicate that it has a high skin absorption capacity,and the Echinacea extract has given it antimicrobial properties.Other advantages of making this hydrating cream include high hydration to human skin,formulation stability,and a long-lasting effect without creating a two-phase state.Conclusion:Creams have been evaluated as a primary component of cosmetic products as topical preparations from time immemorial due to their ease of use and removal from the skin.In this article,we report the formulation of a hydrating cream using various ingredients.The results obtained from this article demonstrate that this extract can maintain its properties under accelerated stability conditions for 6 months.Also,the prepared cream can eliminate bacteria over 28 days in an effective antimicrobial preservative test.展开更多
基金National Key Research and Development Project:Clinical Evaluation of the Interventional Techniques for Abdominal Obesity(No.2019YFC1710102)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To assess the efficacy and safety of the Qingyanyin formulated granules(轻燕饮配方颗粒,QYY),press needles(PN),and their combined application in addressing abdominal obesity(AO).This trial aims to offer a more scientifically grounded therapeutic regimen for clinical interventions.METHODS:From March 2021 to July 2021,a multicenter,triple-blind,randomized 2×2 factorial design clinical trial was conducted across 7 centers in 4 major cities within China's mainland.The trial participants were patients diagnosed with AO.The trial followed a 1∶1∶1∶1 random allocation ratio,assigning participants to one of four groups:QYY placebo plus simulated press needles(SPN)(placebo+SPN),QYY plus SPN(QYY+SPN),QYY placebo plus PN(placebo+PN),and QYY plus PN(QYY+PN).The trial participants received treatment for 12 weeks.Observe the changes in waist circumference,body weight,body mass index(BMI),Beck Depression Inventory(BDI),Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI)scores,and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)before and after treatment.RESULTS:The QYY+PN group exhibited significant improvements in waist circumference compared to placebo+PN[Difference=-1.59,95%CI(-3.03,-0.16)]and placebo+SPN groups[Difference=-2.01,95%CI(-3.46,-0.57)].QYY+PN demonstrated a significant advantage over placebo+SPN[Difference=-2.01,95%CI(-3.46,-0.57)],and no statistically significant interaction was observed between the two interventions(P>0.05).In terms of weight and BMI improvements,the QYY+PN,QYY+SPN,and the PN+placebo groups all experienced trending greater reductions in weight compared to the placebo group.In terms of the total scores of PSQI,BAI,and BDI,all four groups exhibited improvements compared to the baseline.Specifically,concerning the change in total PSQI scores,the QYY+PN group exhibited a greater reduction;Regarding the change in total BAI scores,the PN+placebo group demonstrated a greater decrease;As for the change in total BDI scores,the QYY+SPN group displayed a greater reduction.CONCLUSION:This study confirmed that QYY+PN can effectively reduce the waist circumference of patients with AO.Furthermore,the combined approach offers greater benefits than either treatment alone,all without any reported serious adverse events.
文摘A spice formulation study in Burkina Faso was carried out using local ingredients for the benefit of households. The objective of this study was to propose some spice formulations based on local ingredients in order to reduce the use of chemical spices in the preparation of different dishes. The Design of Experiments (DOE) methodology was used for the formulation of the spices and their physicochemical, nutritional and sensory characteristics were evaluated by standardized and standard methods. The results obtained showed lipid contents (g/100 g DM) ranging from 10.41 ± 0.26 to 15.64 ± 0.68, total sugars from 4.39 ± 0.32 to 5.46 ± 0.31, protein from 3.65 ± 0.17 to 12.04 ± 0.35 and ash from 5.83 ± 0.01 to 7.02 ± 0.01. The polyphenol content ranged from 9.09 ± 1.60 to 11.33 ± 0.90, and the flavonoid content ranged from 0.65 ± 0.03 to 1.08 ± 0.13. The sensory analysis carried out showed that the spices have generally satisfactory organoleptic characteristics. These results constitute new information in the diet of populations and are an alternative to the chemical spices used in their cooking.
基金National Key Research and Development Program Project of China(Grant No.2024YFC3506900)Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.24JCYBJC00230)Party Building Innovation Research Project of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.2024DJ03)。
文摘As bacterial infections have emerged as the second leading cause of death worldwide,the urgent demand for novel and effective antibacterial therapies continues to escalate.In this context,three-dimensional(3D)printing technology offers transformative potential for the design and fabrication of oral formulations,internal implants,and external dressings in the management of bacterial inflammation.Conventional oral antibacterial agents often suffer from limitations in drug release kinetics and gastrointestinal stability.Leveraging 3D printing enables precise control over drug release profiles,thereby enhancing both bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.Moreover,the development of internal implants requires high levels of individual specificity and structural precision.Through patient-specific customization and the incorporation of appropriate antibacterial materials,3D printing allows the fabrication of implants tailored to individual clinical needs,ultimately increasing surgical success rates and minimizing postoperative infection risks.Additionally,3D-printed external dressings exhibit excellent antibacterial activity,accelerate wound healing,and facilitate patient recovery.This review summarizes the fabrication methods,key advantages,and therapeutic outcomes of 3D printing in oral delivery systems,implantable devices,and wound dressings.It further highlights recent advances and emerging trends,offering insights and strategic guidance for the rational design and application of antibacterial therapeutics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12172267 and 12302014).
文摘Quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies exhibit the feature of 2π-periodicity with respect to each of the hyper-time variables.However,it remains a challenge work,due to the lack of effective solution methods,to solve and track the quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies until now.In this work,a multi-steps variable-coefficient formulation is proposed,which provides a unified framework to enable either harmonic balance method or collocation method or finite difference method to solve quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies.For this purpose,a method of alternating U and S domain is also developed to efficiently evaluate the nonlinear force terms.Furthermore,a new robust phase condition is presented for all of the three methods to make them track the quasi-periodic solutions with prior unknown multiple base frequencies,while the stability of the quasi-periodic solutions is assessed by mean of Lyapunov exponents.The feasibility of the constructed methods under the above framework is verified by application to three nonlinear systems.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program(2012BAD40B02)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to learn the soil nutrient status of the main rapeseed planting areas in Linxiang County,Yunnan Province,and propose full production potential of soil and fertilizer recommendations,thereby promoting local rapeseed production and income.[Method] The soil samples collected in field and tested in laboratory,with amount of fertilizer needed by rapeseed investigation were combined to calculate the formulated fertilization.[Result] Most of the soil organic matter and nutrient content of NPK were at the middle or higher level in the main rapeseed planting areas in Linxiang County.However,more than half of the soils were acidic or strongly acidic,and the soil p H maintained below 5.5.The shortage soil boron was more serious,the average content and nearly 60% of the sample of soil available boron were less than 0.5 mg/kg.[Conclusion] The formulated fertilization recommendations were identified as follows.To achieve the goal of 3 750 kg/hm^2240,150 and 75 kg/ha,if the application amount of manure was 15 000 kg/h,the total fertilizer N,P2O5,K2 O amount applied were separately 300,195 and 195 kg/hm^2.The chemical fertilizer N,P2O5,K2 O amount applied should be respectively 240,150 and 75 kg/hm^2,if the application amount of manure was 15 000 kg/hm^2.The nitrogen species of urea（containing N 46%）,causing weakest effect on soil acidification,was selected and applied about with 525 kg/hm^2.The alkaline calcium magnesium phosphate（P2O520%）,alternating superphosphate,was applied with about 750 kg/hm^2.Sulfuric acid potassium（K2O 50%） was applied with about 150 kg/hm^2.About 7.5kg/hm^2 borax was applied into soil as basal fertilizer,while spraying 7.5 kg/hm^2 fluid boron at the Bolting stag.
文摘We outline the smart manufacturing challenges for formulated products, which are typically multicom- ponent, structured, and multiphase. These challenges predominate in the food, pharmaceuticals, agricul- tural and specialty chemicals, energy storage and energetic materials, and consumer goods industries, and are driven by fast-changing customer demand and, in some cases, a tight regulatory framework. This paper discusses progress in smart manufacturing namely, digitalization and the use of large data- sets with predictive models and solution- nding algorithms in these industries. While some progress has been achieved, there is a strong need for more demonstration of model-based tools on realistic prob- lems in order to demonstrate their bene ts and highlight any systemic weaknesses.
基金Special Scientific and Technological Assistance Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China to Developing Countries(Demonstration and Popularization of Key Technologies for Increasing Grain Yield in Africa)Scientific Research and Technology Development Plan Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China(Gui Ke He 1346009-4,Gui Ke He 14125007-2-7).
文摘[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to provide technical support for high-yield cultivation of major crops in Burundi,thereby increasing local farmers'income and promoting sustainable development of agriculture in Burundi.[Methods]In the IMBO and MOSO test stations of the Burundi Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Burundi Fruit and Vegetable Extension and Service Center,soil testing and formulated fertilization test and demonstration was carried out in rice,maize and cabbage.The test set up three treatments,soil testing and formulated fertilization(STFF),local routine fertilization(RF)and non-fertilization(CK)to investigate the effects of soil testing and formulated fertilization on the yield and economic benefit of the crops.[Results]In the plot test,the yield and net economic benefit of rice,maize and cabbage were both highest in the STFF treatment.Compared with those in the RF treatment,the yield of rice,maize and cabbage increased by 19.0%,25.7%and 33.0%,respectively,and the net economic benefit increased by 4292,2837 and 8232 yuan/ha,respectively.In the field test,the yield and net economic benefit of rice,maize and cabbage were also both highest in the STFF treatment.The yield increased by 18.1%,24.3%and 25.9%,respectively,and the net economic benefit increased by 4142,2881 and 8665 yuan/ha,respectively compared with those in the RF treatment.[Conclusions]Soil testing and formulated fertilization not only increased rice,maize and cabbage yield per unit area,but also increased farmers'income in Burundi.It is one of the important technical measures to promote the increase of agricultural production and income in Burundi.
文摘Solid waste and air pollution are never ending environmental problems that can be partially solved by turning waste into useful bio-products. In this study, enzymatic solutions were developed by formulating enzymatic solutions from fish intestines and fruit peels. This aimed to help in biodegradation of organic solid wastes. Organic waste samples were treated with formulated enzymatic solutions for 7 days in aerated set-up for aerobic degradation. Biodegradability and odor of the waste samples were compared with commercial enzymatic solution. Determination of evolved carbon dioxide (CO2) using gravimetric analysis (GA) was used to determine the percent biodegradability, Dt, of organic solid waste and odor-ranking method was used to determine the odor intensity of the organic waste samples. The result showed that the weight loss and percentage biodegradability of organic waste sample treated with formulated enzymatic solution is comparable with that of the commercial enzymatic solution. In terms of odor intensity, waste treated with the product, formulated enzymatic solution (FES) is also comparable to the waste treated with commercial enzymatic solution. Thus, implying that the developed FES is as efficient as that of the commercial enzymatic solution. These significant results will be helpful to future researchers in providing ways on improving the degradation of organic solid waste and mitigating the increasing glitches on our environment. Enzyme kinetics, physical and chemical properties studies of the solution were recommended for future researchers to accurately determine the effectiveness of the formulated enzymatic solution in the degradation of organic solid waste.
文摘In light of the use of Lannea barteri in the management of diverse illnesses and treatment of wounds in traditional medicine, the current study was conducted to assess the wound-healing efficacy of crude aqueous extract of the stem bark of Lannea barteri and its shea butter formulated ointment using an excision wound model in the rabbit. The herbal ointment (5%, w/w) exhibited a significant wound healing activity, showing 99.9% ± 0.3% wound contraction at the end of the experiment (24th day). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the 5% (w/w) herbal ointment compared with Silver Sulphadiazine cream (positive control), which showed a 97.8% ± 1.0% rate of excision wound contraction on day 24. Compared with the negative control group (administered with only shea butter), the wound healing activity of the ointment was significant (p Lannea barteri for the treatment of wounds and demonstrates that shea butter usage as a base in formulating an herbal ointment might aid in topical application for wound repair and regeneration, as well as the potential for enhanced wound healing.
文摘The main objective of the study is to improve the removal efficiency of Ourlago-kaolin (Kao), sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT), and two formulated clay-lime (F13 and F23) towards CI Acid Orange 52 dye (AO52). F13 and F23 were obtained by chemical stabilization through thermal treatment at 300°C. Fourier Transform Infrared spectra showed different surface functional groups on the clay materials, X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the raw materials contain many crystalline phases, scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed the variation of the layered structures of different clay materials, energy dispersive X-Ray analysis micrographs revealed compositional information and thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry curves indicated the higher weight loss of 11.26% and 11.38% were observed for F13 and F23 respectively. BET surface area analyzed gave 133.0071 m<sup>2</sup>•g<sup>−1</sup> for F13 and 132.34803 m<sup>2</sup>•g<sup>−1</sup> for F23. The optimum pH value was 2.0 for Kao and Na-MMT. The adsorption experiments indicated that F13 and F23 have the maximum uptake abilities of 7.8740 and 3.1645 mg•g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, compared to Kao (0.8761 mg•g<sup>−1</sup>) and Na-MMT (2.6178 mg•g<sup>−1</sup>). The pseudo-second-order model well described the adsorption kinetic model of AO52 dye onto the overall samples;Langmuir and Freundlich’s isotherms appropriately described the uptake mechanism. The positive values of ∆G° and negative value ∆H° indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic for Na-MMT, and non-spontaneous and exothermic for Kao, F13, and F23 because of their positive values of ∆G° and negative value of ∆H°. The modified clays have higher adsorption capacities and better life cycles compared hence opening new avenues for efficient wastewater treatment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12102033,12072026,and 11832005).
文摘A geometrically exact Kirchhoff beam formulation(GEKBF)established on the Lie group SO(3)for simulating the dynamics of a slender beam is proposed.The kinematic description,dynamic equilibrium equations and their linearization are derived in this framework.Then,a second-order interpolation function for the torsion angle is introduced to improve the convergence of the element.Next,the rotation vector parameterization is developed to reduce the geometric nonlinearity caused by the rotation of the rigid body.In addition,the influence of the reference frame is considered,and the derivation of the elastic force and Jacobian matrix is simplified using the spatial-parallel transport.The semi-discrete equations of motion are in the form of a second-order ordinary differential equation on Lie group,which are solved using the Lie group generalizedα-method.Finally,the accuracy of the proposed formulation is verified using several numerical examples.
文摘The aim of the present study was to develop a formulated feed for improving skin pigmentation and growth performance of koi carp juveniles. Two experiments were conducted for determination of an optimal dietary astaxanthin and FM （fish meal） ration for koi carp juveniles. In the first experiment, three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic dietary treatments were designed with three different levels of astaxanthin consisted of 60, 80 and 100 mg/kg and a commercial feed served as a control. For the second experiment, four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic dietary treatments were formulated with graded inclusions of dietary FM replaced from 0% to 60% at 20% increments by SM （soybean meal）, PBM （poultry by-product meal）, and a CD （control diet）. Obtained results demonstrated that skin pigmentation of koi carp juveniles fed the diet containing 80 mg/kg astaxanthin, 36.02% protein, 7.78% lipid, 4.20 Kcal/g GE （gross energy） were more better than those at the diet with lower estaxanthin content and commercial diet. Moreover, the highest growth and feed utilization of fish were observed at this diet with WG （weight gain）, SGR （specific growth rate） and FCR （feed conversion ratio） were 121.80%, 0.95 （%/day） and 1.6, respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32402564,32330096,32372631)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.C2024204246)+1 种基金the Pinduoduo-China Agricultural University Research Fund(Grant No.PC2023B02018)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa subsp.pekinensis)is a widely cultivated vegetable crop in Asia with significant economic importance(Li et al.,2024;Yu et al.,2024).As a potyvirus with the broad host range,turnip mosaic virus(TuMV)is a major pathogen affecting Chinese cabbages,leading to severe yield losses(Li et al.,2019).Traditional control measures have shown limited efficacy,and the long-term use of chemical pesticides has led to significant issues such as environmental pollution and pathogen resistance(Samara et al.,2021;Lu et al.,2022).Biologicallyderived pesticides have garnered considerable attention owing to their eco-friendly attributes(Ayilara et al.,2023).γ-Aminobutyric acid(GABA),initially discovered in potato tubers,has been proven to regulate immune responses and enhance resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens by modulating reactive oxygen species and stress-related hormone signals(Tarkowski et al.,2020;Wang et al.,2025).But biologically-derived agents typically face challenges such as large particle size and instability,which limit their practical application and bioavailability(Daraban et al.,2023).
文摘This study reports the synthesis of oleic acid sterol ester with liquid crystalline properties and its enhanced stability and UV-blocking performance through microencapsulation.Oleic acid sterol ester was synthesized via the esterification of phytosterol and oleic acid,whose structure was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and mass spectrometry(MS).Its liquid crystalline behavior was confirmed via the polarized optical microscopy(POM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),wide-angle X-ray scattering(WAXS),and small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS).UV absorption tests were conducted to assess the UV-blocking performance of the oleic acid sterol ester liquid crystals.To improve the stability of its liquid crystalline structure,the oleic acid sterol ester was encapsulated into microcapsules through the emulsion polymerization.SPF measurements were performed on the sunscreen formulations containing liquid crystal microcapsules.The oleic acid sterol ester displayed cholesteric liquid crystalline behavior and strong UVA absorption,which indicates its suitability as a natural UV absorber.Microencapsulation further enhanced its stability and UV-blocking properties.SPF testing showed that the formulations with microcapsules achieved an SPF value of 7.01,which surpasses the nano titanium dioxide(SPF=6.23)and significantly outperform the unencapsulated liquid crystal formulations(SPF=2.65).This study highlights the potential of microencapsulated oleic acid sterol ester as a novel UV absorber in the sunscreen formulations,offers the enhanced stability and effective UV protection,and showcases its application potential in the innovative cosmetic products.
文摘Cashew processing in Côte d’Ivoire focuses only on the cashew nut, to the detriment of the apple. Only a very small proportion of the apple is processed into juice. The aim of this work is to enhance the value of cashew apples by transforming them into jam. Specifically, the aim was first to characterize the sensory properties of cashew apple jam formulations using baobab powder as a source of pectin and then to optimise the formulations. A Box-Behken design with pH, Sugar, and Baobab as factors was used to model and characterize the jam sensory descriptors, and a multivariate analysis with SensomineR was used to characterize the jam formulations. The desirability function was used to optimise the formulations. The results show globally significant regressions at the 0.05 threshold for the sensory descriptors Gelling, Brilliance, Smell, Sweetness, and (-)Astringency, with the exception of (-)Salinity. The R2 coefficients are greater than 80%. The factors studied could have effects on the sensory descriptors of cashew jam formulations. The Baobab had the main effect on the gelling, smell, and astringency of the jams. Brilliance depended on the added sugar. A product effect (p < 0.001) was observed for the descriptors Smell, Gelling, Brilliance, and Sweetness, as these allowed the panelists to find differences between the formulations. Optimum jam formulation can be achieved with 51.56% sugar and 2.12% Baobab at a pH of 3.15. Cashew apple jam using Baobab offers opportunities to add value to apples that have long been abandoned in the field. It would be important to find conditions for prolonged storage of this jam.
文摘Background:Fuke Huahuang formulation(FHF)is widely used in the treatment of vaginitis,with clinical evidence indicating its promising anti-inflammatory properties.Methods:We explored the bioactive components and potential mechanisms of FHF for treating vaginitis,and reveal its pharmacological activities against vaginitis.Results:A total of 12 anti-inflammatory components in FHF and 584 pharmacological targets were identified.Furthermore,1427 vaginitis-associated targets were identified,and 184 intersection targets between FHF and vaginitis were constructed for network analysis.Gene Ontology and pathway analysis revealed that the therapeutical targets of FHF against vaginitis are involved in modulating inflammatory stress,enhancing immunoregulation,reconstructing the microenvironment,and suppressing cell damage.Molecular docking analysis further suggested the possible direct binding of the bioactive compounds of FHF(fumarine)to the core targets,including AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 1(AKT1),Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3(STAT3),and nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB).Experimental validation found that FHF-treated vaginitis rats exhibited reduced intracellular AKT1,STAT3,and NF-κB protein expressions.Conclusion:Overall,we identified the bioactive compounds and pharmacological mechanisms of FHF against vaginitis,thus offering a theoretical fundament for exploring FHF for treating vaginitis in the future.
文摘This work focuses on the formulation of a dietary cold sauce,mayonnaise,which combines the therapeutic properties of two basic ingredients:PSO(Pumpkin Seed Oil)and quail egg,both of which are renowned for their high functional properties.PSO is essentially made up of unsaturated fatty acids(50%to 65%)including linoleic acid,from the omega 6 family,oleic acid(20%to 50%),a monounsaturated fatty acid(omega 9),cucurbitin,phytosterols,tri-terpenes and vitamin E(3.5 mg%).The nutritional,fatty acid,vitamin and mineral compositions of the mayonnaise compared with the ingredients,the physico-chemical characteristics of the quail egg,the PSO and the tasting of the mayonnaise were determined and gave results in terms of variable contents which are recorded in Tables 2-8.The results obtained were satisfactory.Mayonnaise,a semi-solid emulsion of oil in water with viscoelastic properties due to the network formed by lipoproteins adsorbed around neighbouring drops of oil,was prepared using the ratio of quail egg and PSO 1/4.This study may offer an alternative way of making dietary sauces.
文摘Skin aging is a complicated process affected by extrinsic factors such as ultraviolet(UV)radiation and environmental pollutants,in addition to intrinsic factors such as oxidative stress and cellular senescence.These factors initiate inflammation,collagen breakdown,and visible signs of aging.Polyherbal formulation with multiple plant extracts with synergistic bioactive compounds offers a sustainable and scientifically proven way of modulating the interrelated pathways that contribute to skin aging.This comprehensive review features 7 key anti-aging plants,including Curcuma longa,Curcuma aromatica,Glycyrrhiza glabra,Calendula officinalis,Boehavia diffusa,Withania somnifera,and Matricaria chamomilla,and discusses their active phytoconstituents such as curcumin,glabridin,withanolides,and apigenin.These agents improve the hydration of skin,increase collagen synthesis,inhibit matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs),and modulate oxidative stress.This review emphasizes the opportunity to combine some of the most sophisticated dermal delivery methods(e.g.,liposome,ethosome,and emulgel technologies)with traditional ethnobotanical knowledge to increase bioavailability and efficacy of herbal actives.All research indicates that polyherbal formulations offer a multi-targeted,sustainable,and therapeutically viable alternative to synthetic anti-aging pharmaceuticals,bridging traditional knowledge and contemporary cosmeceutical techniques.
文摘In recent years,the rising prevalence of respiratory diseases,coupled with advancements in biotechnology and pharmacology,has positioned inhalable formulations as a preferred method of drug administration.This approach enables direct and rapid delivery of medication to the lungs,maximizing therapeutic effects while minimizing dosage and potential side effects.In this review,we meticulously examined current literature and clinical trial databases to present a comprehensive overview of three key areas:(1)inhalation devices currently utilized in clinical settings;(2)the clinical applications of approved inhalable formulations;and(3)preclinical research on inhalable treatments targeting various lung conditions,including pulmonary infections,tuberculosis,lung cancer,pulmonary fibrosis,as well as systemic diseases like Parkinson’s disease.The objective was to delve into both foundational research and the clinical use of inhalable formulations within the pharmaceutical field,with the aim of fostering their broader adoption and guiding the development of inhalable therapies for a more comprehensive range of diseases.
文摘Objective:The purpose of this article is to investigate the performance of Echinacea extract as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in a hydrating cream.Methods:The hydrating cream was prepared by mixing the oil and water phases at a temperature of 75±2℃.Then,physicochemical and microbial analyses were performed on the prepared cream using different devices.Results:For proper evaluation and a more detailed examination of the prepared cream,each experiment was performed three times(n≥3),and the average data are reported.The results of the prepared cream indicate that it has a high skin absorption capacity,and the Echinacea extract has given it antimicrobial properties.Other advantages of making this hydrating cream include high hydration to human skin,formulation stability,and a long-lasting effect without creating a two-phase state.Conclusion:Creams have been evaluated as a primary component of cosmetic products as topical preparations from time immemorial due to their ease of use and removal from the skin.In this article,we report the formulation of a hydrating cream using various ingredients.The results obtained from this article demonstrate that this extract can maintain its properties under accelerated stability conditions for 6 months.Also,the prepared cream can eliminate bacteria over 28 days in an effective antimicrobial preservative test.
