In this paper,we study the generalized Dedekind Rademacher sums considered by Hall,Wilson and Zagier.We establish a new formula for the products of two Bernoulli functions by using Parseval's formula,Hurwitz's...In this paper,we study the generalized Dedekind Rademacher sums considered by Hall,Wilson and Zagier.We establish a new formula for the products of two Bernoulli functions by using Parseval's formula,Hurwitz's formula and Lerch's functional equation.As applications of the result,some well-known reciprocity formulas are deduced as special cases.展开更多
Based on Liu Shaowu’s “Exterior Region” theory in the “Three Regions and Six Diseases” doctrine, combined with Zhang Zhongjing’s therapeutic principle of “diaphoresis method”, this paper explores the TCM patho...Based on Liu Shaowu’s “Exterior Region” theory in the “Three Regions and Six Diseases” doctrine, combined with Zhang Zhongjing’s therapeutic principle of “diaphoresis method”, this paper explores the TCM pathogenesis and treatment methods of cold-damp type allergic rhinitis. It points out that the core pathogenesis of the disease is the invasion of wind-cold-damp pathogens into the exterior region, leading to stagnation of defensive Yang and obstruction of orifices and collaterals. Through three typical clinical cases (involving symptoms such as nasal itching, nasopharyngeal tube obstruction, nasal congestion with headache), modified ephedra-based formulas such as Mahuang Decoction, Maxing Shigan Decoction, and Xiaoqinglong Decoction are used, combined with drugs for inducing resuscitation, resolving dampness, and promoting blood circulation, to expel pathogens through diaphoresis. Clinical observations show that expelling pathogens with the “diaphoresis method” can effectively relieve symptoms with significant curative effect. This study provides new ideas and methods for expanding the application of the “diaphoresis method” in the treatment of sinusitis.展开更多
In the references[4,11,12],the authors gave some modular forms overΓ^(0)(2).In this note,we proceed with the study of cancellation formulas relating to the modular forms.
Rubber-like materials that are commonly used in structural applications are modelled using hyperelastic material models.Most of the hyperelastic materials are nearly incompressible,which poses challenges,i.e.,volumetr...Rubber-like materials that are commonly used in structural applications are modelled using hyperelastic material models.Most of the hyperelastic materials are nearly incompressible,which poses challenges,i.e.,volumetric locking during numerical modelling.There exist many formulations in the context of the finite element method,among which the mixed displacementpressure formulation is robust.However,such a displacement-pressure formulation is less explored in meshfree methods,which mitigates the problem associated with mesh distortion during large deformation.This work addresses this issue of alleviating volumetric locking in the element-free Galerkin method(EFGM),which is one of the popular meshfree methods.A two-field mixed variational formulation using the perturbed Lagrangian approach within the EFGM framework is proposed for modelling nearly incompressible hyperelastic material models,such as Neo-Hookean and Mooney-Rivlin.Taking advantage of the meshless nature of the EFGM,this work introduces a unique approach by randomly distributing pressure nodes across the geometry,following specific guidelines.A wide spectrum of problems involving bending,tension,compression,and contact is solved using two approaches of the proposed displacement-pressure node formulation involving regular and irregular pressure node distribution.It is observed that both approaches give accurate results compared to the reference results,though the latter offers flexibility in the pressure nodal distribution.展开更多
Nonlinear Rossby waves are used to describe typical wave phenomena in large-scale atmosphere andocean.Owing to the nonlinearity of the involved problems,the weakly nonlinear method,ie the derivative ex-pansion method,...Nonlinear Rossby waves are used to describe typical wave phenomena in large-scale atmosphere andocean.Owing to the nonlinearity of the involved problems,the weakly nonlinear method,ie the derivative ex-pansion method,was mainly used to investigate Rossby waves under the combined effects of the generalizedβ-effect and the basic flow effect.The derivative expansion method has the advantage of capturing the multi-scalecharacteristics of wave processes simultaneously.In the case where the perturbation expansion is independentof secular terms,the nonlinear equations describing the amplitude evolution of nonlinear waves were derived,such as the Korteweg-de Vries equation,the Boussinesq equation and Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation.Both quali-tative and quantitative analyses indicate that the generalizedβ-effect is the key factor inducing the evolution ofRossby solitary waves.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To explore whether Soufeng Yuchuan(搜风愈喘, SFYC) formula alleviates asthma by promoting ferroptosis of airway epithelial cells. METHODS: A chronic asthma rat model was established using ovalbumin(OVA) com...OBJECTIVE: To explore whether Soufeng Yuchuan(搜风愈喘, SFYC) formula alleviates asthma by promoting ferroptosis of airway epithelial cells. METHODS: A chronic asthma rat model was established using ovalbumin(OVA) combined with aluminum hydroxide sensitization and OVA nebulization stimulation. Lung tissue pathology was assessed via hematoxylin and eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Lung tissue ultrastructure was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Serum cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione, and tissue ferrous ion content in rat lung tissues and cells were detected using commercial kits. Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the expression levels of interleukin-13(IL-13) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in lung tissue. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression levels of transferrin receptor 1(TFR1), transferrin receptor 2(TFR2), acyl-Co A synthetase longchain family member 4(ACSL4), glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), and solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11). Cell proliferation, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS) were evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry. Intracellular lipid peroxidation was detected using a C11-BODIPY 581/591(C11-BODIPY) probe. RESULTS: SFYC formula effectively alleviates airway inflammation in asthmatic rats in a dose-dependent manner. It improves airway epithelial cell integrity, reduces alveolar wall thickening and expansion, inhibits goblet cell proliferation and mucus secretion, and decreases the expression of IL-6 and IL-13 in lung tissue, as well as the serum levels of IL-6, IL-13, interleukin-4(IL-4), and immunoglobulin E(Ig E). SFYC formula mitigates ferroptosis in lung tissue of asthmatic rats. At the cellular level, it promotes proliferation of rat airway epithelial cells, inhibits cell apoptosis, suppresses ROS, MDA, and lipid accumulation, reduces the expression of TFR1, TFR2, and ASCL4, and increases the expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 to mitigate ferroptosis. CONCLUSION: SFYC formula alleviates asthma airway inflammation by inhibiting ferroptosis in airway epithelial cells, providing new insights and potential therapeutic targets for the development of new asthma treatment drugs.展开更多
Quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies exhibit the feature of 2π-periodicity with respect to each of the hyper-time variables.However,it remains a challenge work,due to the lack of effective solution...Quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies exhibit the feature of 2π-periodicity with respect to each of the hyper-time variables.However,it remains a challenge work,due to the lack of effective solution methods,to solve and track the quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies until now.In this work,a multi-steps variable-coefficient formulation is proposed,which provides a unified framework to enable either harmonic balance method or collocation method or finite difference method to solve quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies.For this purpose,a method of alternating U and S domain is also developed to efficiently evaluate the nonlinear force terms.Furthermore,a new robust phase condition is presented for all of the three methods to make them track the quasi-periodic solutions with prior unknown multiple base frequencies,while the stability of the quasi-periodic solutions is assessed by mean of Lyapunov exponents.The feasibility of the constructed methods under the above framework is verified by application to three nonlinear systems.展开更多
SiC/Al-based composite foams were prepared by a two-step foaming method.The influence of the SiC content and its distribution uniformity on the foaming stability,cell structure,and mechanical properties of the aluminu...SiC/Al-based composite foams were prepared by a two-step foaming method.The influence of the SiC content and its distribution uniformity on the foaming stability,cell structure,and mechanical properties of the aluminum foams was investigated.The macro/micro-features of the aluminum foams were characterized and analyzed.Results demonstrate that an appropriate increase in SiC content and the uniform distribution of SiC can improve the foaming stability,optimize the cell diameter and cell wall thickness,ameliorate the cell distribution,and enhance the hardness and compressive strength of the aluminum foams.However,either insufficient or excessive SiC leads to uneven distribution of SiC particles,which is unfavorable to foaming stability and good cell structure formation.With 6wt%SiC,both the foaming stability and cell structure of the aluminum foam reach the optimal state,resulting in the highest compressive strength and optimal energy absorption capacity.展开更多
A Cu-1.9Ni-1.9Co-0.9Si(mass fraction,%)alloy with high strength and electrical conductivity was designed by cluster formula approach.The microstructure evolution of the alloy during thermomechanical treatment was syst...A Cu-1.9Ni-1.9Co-0.9Si(mass fraction,%)alloy with high strength and electrical conductivity was designed by cluster formula approach.The microstructure evolution of the alloy during thermomechanical treatment was systematically investigated.The strengthening mechanism and electrical conductivity of the alloy were discussed in detail.The optimal thermomechanical treatment process was as follows:solid solution→80%cold rolling→(450℃,4 h)aging→50%cold rolling→(400℃,4 h)aging.The designed alloy achieved excellent comprehensive properties with a microhardness of HV 260,a yield strength of 843 MPa,a tensile strength of 884 MPa,and an electrical conductivity of 42.6%(IACS).Compared to direct aging treatment,the designed alloy subjected to multi-stage thermomechanical treatment had refined grains,high density of dislocations,and accelerated of precipitation of(Ni,Co)_(2)Si precipitates.High strength was mainly attributed to the combined effect of dislocation strengthening,work hardening and sub-grain strengthening,while good electrical conductivity was maintained through the precipitation of the large number of nanoparticles.展开更多
Background:Hua-Yi-Jie-Du formula(HYJD)is a traditional Chinese medicine that has proven effective against viral pneumonia and was extensively used during the COVID-19 pandemic.This study investigates how HYJD influenc...Background:Hua-Yi-Jie-Du formula(HYJD)is a traditional Chinese medicine that has proven effective against viral pneumonia and was extensively used during the COVID-19 pandemic.This study investigates how HYJD influences group 2 innate lymphoid cell(ILC2)and nucleotide oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation in a mouse model of viral pneumonia.Methods:A mouse model of viral pneumonia was established through the administration of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid(poly(I:C))via nasal drops.Histopathological analysis of lung tissue was conducted,alongside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify cytokine levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF).Flow cytometry was employed to detect ILC2 cells in lung tissue and spleen,while immunofluorescence techniques were utilized to visualize ILC2 cells in lung tissue.Transcriptomic sequencing was performed,and the results were validated using qRT-PCR and western blot analysis.Results:HYJD significantly ameliorated inflammatory infiltration in lung tissue,decreased mucus protein secretion,and reduced the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).Additionally,it lowered the expression of cytokines IL-4,IL-5,IL-13,IL-25,thymic stromal lymphopoietin(TSLP),and IL-33 in BALF,and reduced the differentiation of ILC2 cells in both lung tissue and spleen.Transcriptomic analysis and experimental validation revealed that HYJD downregulated the expression of NLRP3 related genes and proteins within the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway.Conclusion:The mechanism by which HYJD intervenes in acute lung injury associated with viral pneumonia may involve the reduction of ILC2 cells differentiation and the inhibition of NLRP3 activation.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to ...In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to obtain the maximal positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X+A^(*)X|^(-α)A=Q with the case 0<α≤1.Based on this method,a new iterative algorithm is developed,and its convergence proof is given.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
Chronic heart failure(CHF)impairs cognitive function.Xijiaqi Formula(XJQ),a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)used clinically to treat CHF,demonstrates potential for improving cognition in CHF patients.However,its prec...Chronic heart failure(CHF)impairs cognitive function.Xijiaqi Formula(XJQ),a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)used clinically to treat CHF,demonstrates potential for improving cognition in CHF patients.However,its precise mechanism in treating post-CHF cognitive dysfunction remains unclear.This study systematically investigates XJQ’s effects on post-CHF cognitive dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms.The components of XJQ were identified through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.CHF was induced in rats via ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery,followed by six weeks of XJQ treatment.Cardiac function was evaluated through echocardiography and hemodynamic parameters,while cognitive function was assessed using Morris water maze(MWM)and open field tests(OFT).XJQ treatment enhanced both cardiac and cognitive functions in CHF rats.Network pharmacology identified 12 core active components of XJQ and indicated its effect on cognitive dysfunction involved regulating synapses,inflammation,and phosphodiesterase 4(PDE4)-dependent cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)signaling.XJQ inhibited microglial and astrocyte activation,decreased proinflammatory cytokines,and mitigated neuronal damage.Notably,XJQ promoted synaptic repair and dendritic growth by downregulating PDE4 and upregulating cAMP,protein kinase A(PKA),cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB),brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),PSD95,and synapsin I levels.Molecular docking and Bio-layer interferometry assays confirmed direct binding of quercetin,kaempferol,isorhamnetin,and darutoside to PDE4.In conclusion,XJQ alleviates neuroinflammation and enhances synaptic plasticity to improve cognitive dysfunction in CHF rats via the PDE4/cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway.These findings provide valuable insight into the heart-brain axis.展开更多
This study presents an effective hybrid simulation approach for simulating broadband ground motion in complex near-fault locations.The approach utilizes a deterministic approach based on the spectral element method(SE...This study presents an effective hybrid simulation approach for simulating broadband ground motion in complex near-fault locations.The approach utilizes a deterministic approach based on the spectral element method(SEM),which is used to simulate low-frequency ground motion(f<1 Hz)by incorporating an innovative efficient discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method for grid division to accurately model basin sedimentary layers at reduced costs.It also introduces a comprehensive hybrid source model for high-frequency random scattering and a nonlinear analysis module for basin sedimentary layers.Deterministic outcomes are combined with modified three-dimensional stochastic finite fault method(3D-EXSIM)simulations of high-frequency ground motion(f>1 Hz).A fourth-order Butterworth filter with zero phase shift is employed for time-domain filtering of low-and high-frequency time series at a crossover frequency of 1 Hz,merging the low and high-frequency ground motions into a broadband time series.Taking an Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake,as an example,this hybrid method was used for a rapid and efficient simulation analysis of broadband ground motion in the region.The accuracy and efficiency of this hybrid method were verified through comparisons with actually observed station data and empirical attenuation curves.Deterministic method simulation results revealed the effects of mountainous topography,basin effects,nonlinear effects within the basin’s sedimentary layers,and a coupling interaction between the basin and the mountains.The findings are consistent with similar studies,showing that near-fault sedimentary basins significantly focus and amplify strong ground motion,and the soil’s nonlinear behavior in the basin influences ground motion to varying extents at different distances from the fault.The mountainous topography impacts the basin’s response to ground motion,leading to barrier effects.This research provides a scientific foundation for seismic zoning,urban planning,and seismic design in nearfault mountain basin regions.展开更多
This study systematically conducted preparation optimization and performance investigations on Co-modified Ce/TiO_(2) catalysts,with a focus on examining how preparation methods and Co loading regulate the catalyst’s...This study systematically conducted preparation optimization and performance investigations on Co-modified Ce/TiO_(2) catalysts,with a focus on examining how preparation methods and Co loading regulate the catalyst’s low-temperature denitrification activity.After identifying optimal preparation parameters via condition screening,multiple characterization techniques-including BET,XRD,XPS,H_(2)-TPR and in situ DRIFTS-were employed to deeply analyze the catalyst’s physicochemical properties and reaction mechanism.Results demonstrated that compared to the impregnation and co-precipitation methods,the Ce-Co_(0.025)/TiO_(2)-SG catalyst(prepared by the sol-gel method with a Co/Ti mass ratio of 0.025)exhibited significantly superior denitrification activity:NO conversion remained stably above 95%in the 225−350℃ temperature range,and it displayed high N_(2) selectivity.Characterization analysis revealed that abundant surface oxygen vacancies,a high proportion of Ce^(3+) species,and prominent acidic sites collectively contributed to enhancing its low-temperature denitrification performance.This work provides reference value for the development of highly efficient low-temperature denitrification catalysts.展开更多
BACKGROUND Perimenopausal women are prone to anxiety and depression due to fluctuating hormone levels,which significantly impair their quality of life.The current treatments have certain limitations.In traditional Chi...BACKGROUND Perimenopausal women are prone to anxiety and depression due to fluctuating hormone levels,which significantly impair their quality of life.The current treatments have certain limitations.In traditional Chinese medicine,liver-soothing formulas are commonly prescribed for mood-related disorders,but their overall efficacy in perimenopausal anxiety and depression remains uncertain and requires verification through meta-analysis.AIM To provide evidence-based support for clinical decision-making and research,a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of liver-soothing formulas in treating perimenopausal anxiety and depression.METHODS Relevant studies published up to April 2025 were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov,PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library.Eligible studies were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data were extracted and analyzed using the Stata 12.0 software.RESULTS After searching and screening,12 articles involving 1798 patients(922 in the treatment group and 876 in the control group)were included in the analysis.Meta-analysis showed that the standardized scores for anxiety[standardized mean difference(SMD)=-0.71,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.06 to-0.36]and depression(SMD=-0.67,95%CI:-1.06 to-0.27)of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group.Subgroup analysis results revealed that for anxiety,liver-soothing formulas used alone(SMD=-0.34,95%CI:-0.50 to-0.18)or in combination(SMD=-0.88,95%CI:-1.43 to-0.34)both significantly reduced scores compared with the control group.For depression,monotherapy of liversoothing formulas showed no significant statistical difference between the treatment and control groups(SMD=-0.47,95%CI:-1.11 to 0.17),whereas combination therapy produced significantly lower standardized scale scores in the treatment group than in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(SMD=-0.83,95%CI:-1.39 to-0.28).Regarding Greene scores,no statistically significant difference was observed with monotherapy(SMD=0.87,95%CI:-0.32 to 2.06),whereas combination therapy had significantly lower Greene scores(SMD=-0.24,95%CI:-0.44 to-0.04).No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in the occurrence of adverse reactions(odds ratio=0.90,95%CI:0.57-1.43).However,liver-soothing formulas did not affect estrogen levels in perimenopausal women.CONCLUSION Compared with placebo,conventional Western medicine,or other interventions,the monotherapy of liver-soothing formulas demonstrates superior efficacy in treating perimenopausal anxiety.When used as an adjuvant,they exert a synergistic effect in alleviating negative emotions and improving overall perimenopausal symptoms.展开更多
Triacylglycerol(TAG)components in human milk,infant formulas with different fat sources,and plant oils(palm oil,flaxseed oil,sunflower oil,corn oil,soybean oil,coconut oil,low erucic acid rapeseed oil,and high oleic a...Triacylglycerol(TAG)components in human milk,infant formulas with different fat sources,and plant oils(palm oil,flaxseed oil,sunflower oil,corn oil,soybean oil,coconut oil,low erucic acid rapeseed oil,and high oleic acid rapeseed oil)were analyzed and compared using ultraperformance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPSFC-Q-TOF-MS).Distinct TAG profiles were identified by lipidomics,principal component analysis(PCA),and heatmap visualization.Human milk was characterized by a high abundance of medium-and long-chain triacylglycerols(MLCTs),saturated-unsaturated-unsaturated(SUU)-type TAGs(sn-2 palmitic acid).In contrast,plant oils lacked MLCTs and SUU-type TAGs,containing mainly TAGs esterified long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid.Breast milk contains about 27%MLCT,about 50%SUU-type triacylglycerols(which contain about 34%UPU-type triacylglycerols),which is significantly different from plant oils,structured fats and infant formulas.These findings provide a clear basis for optimizing the fat blend in infant formula to better mimic the unique TAG profile of human milk,thereby improving energy delivery and nutrient absorption for infants.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of Pinggan Yuyin Qingre formula(平肝育阴清热方,PGYYQR)in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)through network pharmacology and...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of Pinggan Yuyin Qingre formula(平肝育阴清热方,PGYYQR)in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)through network pharmacology and in vivo validation.METHODS:A mouse model of MGD was induced using the stearoyl-coenzyme a desaturase 1 inhibitor,followed by PGYYQR treatment for 2 weeks.MGD sign scoring,hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining,oil red o(ORO)staining,and serum inflammatory cytokine analysis were conducted to assess the effects of PGYYQR on meibomian gland(MG)function,histopathology,and associated inflammation.Network pharmacology was employed to identify the active compounds and potential targets of PGYYQR.Molecular mechanisms were further investigated using Western blotting,reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)assays.RESULTS:PGYYQR treatment significantly reduced the scores of MG orifice obstruction and meibum quality in MGD mice.HE and ORO staining further demonstrated that PGYYQR ameliorated glandular damage and lipid dysfunction.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results revealed that PGYYQR markedly decreased the serum levels of key inflammatory cytokines,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α.Network pharmacology identified 162 active compounds and 598 target genes in PGYYQR.Among these,IL-6,IL-1β,matrix metalloproteinase-9,and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 were recognized as core targets related to MGD and were mainly enriched in the IL-17/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Further molecular analyses confirmed that PGYYQR significantly inhibited the IL-17/NF-κB axis by downregulating IL-17 expression and reducing phosphorylated NF-κB p65 levels at both the protein and m RNA levels in MG tissues.PGYYQR also effectively reduced ROS levels in the conjunctival tissues of MGD mice.CONCLUSION:PGYYQR effectively improves MG function and preserves local tissue morphology in MGD model mice,primarily by suppressing the inflammatory response through coordinated modulation of the IL-17/NF-κB signaling pathway and oxidative stress.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a quantitative assessment method for the textural quality of chieh-qua fruit.[Methods]Using two modes of a texture analyzer,namely TPA(texture profile analysis)and pun...[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a quantitative assessment method for the textural quality of chieh-qua fruit.[Methods]Using two modes of a texture analyzer,namely TPA(texture profile analysis)and puncture,the index data of the fruit were obtained by setting different trigger forces,deformation levels,test speeds,as well as puncture speeds and puncture depths.The data included TPA hardness,adhesiveness,springiness,cohesiveness,gumminess,chewiness,resilience,as well as skin hardness,skin toughness,flesh hardness,fracturability,and compactness.[Results]Different deformation levels had a significant impact on all parameters.Hardness,adhesiveness,gumminess and chewiness showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the deformation level increasing.When the deformation level was 30%,the adhesiveness,gumminess and chewiness reached their maximum values.When the deformation level was 50%,TPA hardness reached its maximum.When the compression speed was 3 mm/s,the measured values of TPA hardness,adhesiveness,chewiness,and resilience were at their maximums.The skin hardness varied significantly under different trigger forces.When the trigger force was 15 g,the skin hardness reached a maximum value of 944.63 g,and the skin toughness,flesh hardness,fracturability,and compactness also reach their maximum values respectively.When the puncture depth was 12 mm,the flesh hardness and skin toughness reached their maximums of 682.51 g and 1.82 mm,respectively.In the TPA mode,the flesh hardness of chieh-qua showed an extremely significant negative correlation with springiness,cohesiveness,and resilience(P<0.01).The fruit fracturability detected by puncture had an extremely significant positive correlation with compactness(P<0.01).[Conclusions]The evaluation method for measuring chieh-qua texture by combining TPA and the puncture mode could accurately and quantitatively reflect the differences in the flesh texture quality of chieh-qua.The optimal parameters for texture measurement of chieh-qua fruit were determined as a 15 g trigger force with 50%deformation and a 3 mm/s compression speed in TPA mode,and a 15 g trigger force with a 12 mm puncture depth in puncture mode.Puncture speed was found to have no significant effect on the texture indices of chieh-qua.展开更多
The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometr...The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometric distortions, leading to a diminution in the predictive accuracy of the distorted similitude. To address this challenge, this study formulates a novel set of scaling laws, tailored to account for the intricate geometric distortions associated with elastic rings. The proposed scaling laws are formulated based on the intrinsic deformation characteristics of elastic rings, rather than the traditional systemic governing equations. Numerical and experimental cases are conducted to assess the efficacy and precision of the proposed scaling laws, and the obtained results are compared with those achieved by traditional methods. The outcomes demonstrate that the scaling laws put forth by this study significantly enhance the predictive capabilities for deformations of elastic rings.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2023NSFSC0065)。
文摘In this paper,we study the generalized Dedekind Rademacher sums considered by Hall,Wilson and Zagier.We establish a new formula for the products of two Bernoulli functions by using Parseval's formula,Hurwitz's formula and Lerch's functional equation.As applications of the result,some well-known reciprocity formulas are deduced as special cases.
文摘Based on Liu Shaowu’s “Exterior Region” theory in the “Three Regions and Six Diseases” doctrine, combined with Zhang Zhongjing’s therapeutic principle of “diaphoresis method”, this paper explores the TCM pathogenesis and treatment methods of cold-damp type allergic rhinitis. It points out that the core pathogenesis of the disease is the invasion of wind-cold-damp pathogens into the exterior region, leading to stagnation of defensive Yang and obstruction of orifices and collaterals. Through three typical clinical cases (involving symptoms such as nasal itching, nasopharyngeal tube obstruction, nasal congestion with headache), modified ephedra-based formulas such as Mahuang Decoction, Maxing Shigan Decoction, and Xiaoqinglong Decoction are used, combined with drugs for inducing resuscitation, resolving dampness, and promoting blood circulation, to expel pathogens through diaphoresis. Clinical observations show that expelling pathogens with the “diaphoresis method” can effectively relieve symptoms with significant curative effect. This study provides new ideas and methods for expanding the application of the “diaphoresis method” in the treatment of sinusitis.
文摘In the references[4,11,12],the authors gave some modular forms overΓ^(0)(2).In this note,we proceed with the study of cancellation formulas relating to the modular forms.
基金supported by the DST-SERB and VSSC,ISRO of the project titled“Functionality Enhancement through Design and Development of Advanced Finite Element Algorithms for STR tools”under IMPRINT.IIC(IMP/2019/000276)scheme.
文摘Rubber-like materials that are commonly used in structural applications are modelled using hyperelastic material models.Most of the hyperelastic materials are nearly incompressible,which poses challenges,i.e.,volumetric locking during numerical modelling.There exist many formulations in the context of the finite element method,among which the mixed displacementpressure formulation is robust.However,such a displacement-pressure formulation is less explored in meshfree methods,which mitigates the problem associated with mesh distortion during large deformation.This work addresses this issue of alleviating volumetric locking in the element-free Galerkin method(EFGM),which is one of the popular meshfree methods.A two-field mixed variational formulation using the perturbed Lagrangian approach within the EFGM framework is proposed for modelling nearly incompressible hyperelastic material models,such as Neo-Hookean and Mooney-Rivlin.Taking advantage of the meshless nature of the EFGM,this work introduces a unique approach by randomly distributing pressure nodes across the geometry,following specific guidelines.A wide spectrum of problems involving bending,tension,compression,and contact is solved using two approaches of the proposed displacement-pressure node formulation involving regular and irregular pressure node distribution.It is observed that both approaches give accurate results compared to the reference results,though the latter offers flexibility in the pressure nodal distribution.
文摘Nonlinear Rossby waves are used to describe typical wave phenomena in large-scale atmosphere andocean.Owing to the nonlinearity of the involved problems,the weakly nonlinear method,ie the derivative ex-pansion method,was mainly used to investigate Rossby waves under the combined effects of the generalizedβ-effect and the basic flow effect.The derivative expansion method has the advantage of capturing the multi-scalecharacteristics of wave processes simultaneously.In the case where the perturbation expansion is independentof secular terms,the nonlinear equations describing the amplitude evolution of nonlinear waves were derived,such as the Korteweg-de Vries equation,the Boussinesq equation and Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation.Both quali-tative and quantitative analyses indicate that the generalizedβ-effect is the key factor inducing the evolution ofRossby solitary waves.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation-funded Project:the Study on the Mechanism of Soufeng Yuchuan Formula in Regulating Airway Remodeling in Asthmatic Rats Based on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition(No. 82174438)。
文摘OBJECTIVE: To explore whether Soufeng Yuchuan(搜风愈喘, SFYC) formula alleviates asthma by promoting ferroptosis of airway epithelial cells. METHODS: A chronic asthma rat model was established using ovalbumin(OVA) combined with aluminum hydroxide sensitization and OVA nebulization stimulation. Lung tissue pathology was assessed via hematoxylin and eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Lung tissue ultrastructure was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Serum cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione, and tissue ferrous ion content in rat lung tissues and cells were detected using commercial kits. Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the expression levels of interleukin-13(IL-13) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in lung tissue. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression levels of transferrin receptor 1(TFR1), transferrin receptor 2(TFR2), acyl-Co A synthetase longchain family member 4(ACSL4), glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), and solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11). Cell proliferation, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS) were evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry. Intracellular lipid peroxidation was detected using a C11-BODIPY 581/591(C11-BODIPY) probe. RESULTS: SFYC formula effectively alleviates airway inflammation in asthmatic rats in a dose-dependent manner. It improves airway epithelial cell integrity, reduces alveolar wall thickening and expansion, inhibits goblet cell proliferation and mucus secretion, and decreases the expression of IL-6 and IL-13 in lung tissue, as well as the serum levels of IL-6, IL-13, interleukin-4(IL-4), and immunoglobulin E(Ig E). SFYC formula mitigates ferroptosis in lung tissue of asthmatic rats. At the cellular level, it promotes proliferation of rat airway epithelial cells, inhibits cell apoptosis, suppresses ROS, MDA, and lipid accumulation, reduces the expression of TFR1, TFR2, and ASCL4, and increases the expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 to mitigate ferroptosis. CONCLUSION: SFYC formula alleviates asthma airway inflammation by inhibiting ferroptosis in airway epithelial cells, providing new insights and potential therapeutic targets for the development of new asthma treatment drugs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12172267 and 12302014).
文摘Quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies exhibit the feature of 2π-periodicity with respect to each of the hyper-time variables.However,it remains a challenge work,due to the lack of effective solution methods,to solve and track the quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies until now.In this work,a multi-steps variable-coefficient formulation is proposed,which provides a unified framework to enable either harmonic balance method or collocation method or finite difference method to solve quasi-periodic solutions with multiple base frequencies.For this purpose,a method of alternating U and S domain is also developed to efficiently evaluate the nonlinear force terms.Furthermore,a new robust phase condition is presented for all of the three methods to make them track the quasi-periodic solutions with prior unknown multiple base frequencies,while the stability of the quasi-periodic solutions is assessed by mean of Lyapunov exponents.The feasibility of the constructed methods under the above framework is verified by application to three nonlinear systems.
基金Doctoral Startup Fund(20192066,20212028)Laijin Excellent Doctoral Fund(20202021)+1 种基金Scientific and Technological Innovation of Colleges and Universities in Shanxi Province(2020L0342)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202303021222178)。
文摘SiC/Al-based composite foams were prepared by a two-step foaming method.The influence of the SiC content and its distribution uniformity on the foaming stability,cell structure,and mechanical properties of the aluminum foams was investigated.The macro/micro-features of the aluminum foams were characterized and analyzed.Results demonstrate that an appropriate increase in SiC content and the uniform distribution of SiC can improve the foaming stability,optimize the cell diameter and cell wall thickness,ameliorate the cell distribution,and enhance the hardness and compressive strength of the aluminum foams.However,either insufficient or excessive SiC leads to uneven distribution of SiC particles,which is unfavorable to foaming stability and good cell structure formation.With 6wt%SiC,both the foaming stability and cell structure of the aluminum foam reach the optimal state,resulting in the highest compressive strength and optimal energy absorption capacity.
基金the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2202255)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2024JJ2076)the Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo,China(No.2023Z092)。
文摘A Cu-1.9Ni-1.9Co-0.9Si(mass fraction,%)alloy with high strength and electrical conductivity was designed by cluster formula approach.The microstructure evolution of the alloy during thermomechanical treatment was systematically investigated.The strengthening mechanism and electrical conductivity of the alloy were discussed in detail.The optimal thermomechanical treatment process was as follows:solid solution→80%cold rolling→(450℃,4 h)aging→50%cold rolling→(400℃,4 h)aging.The designed alloy achieved excellent comprehensive properties with a microhardness of HV 260,a yield strength of 843 MPa,a tensile strength of 884 MPa,and an electrical conductivity of 42.6%(IACS).Compared to direct aging treatment,the designed alloy subjected to multi-stage thermomechanical treatment had refined grains,high density of dislocations,and accelerated of precipitation of(Ni,Co)_(2)Si precipitates.High strength was mainly attributed to the combined effect of dislocation strengthening,work hardening and sub-grain strengthening,while good electrical conductivity was maintained through the precipitation of the large number of nanoparticles.
基金supported by Yunnan Provincial Major Science and Technology Special Program(No.202402AA310035)Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines(Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine)(No.2024JS2404)Research Foundation of Chuxiong Medical College(No.2024YYXM38).
文摘Background:Hua-Yi-Jie-Du formula(HYJD)is a traditional Chinese medicine that has proven effective against viral pneumonia and was extensively used during the COVID-19 pandemic.This study investigates how HYJD influences group 2 innate lymphoid cell(ILC2)and nucleotide oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome activation in a mouse model of viral pneumonia.Methods:A mouse model of viral pneumonia was established through the administration of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid(poly(I:C))via nasal drops.Histopathological analysis of lung tissue was conducted,alongside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify cytokine levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF).Flow cytometry was employed to detect ILC2 cells in lung tissue and spleen,while immunofluorescence techniques were utilized to visualize ILC2 cells in lung tissue.Transcriptomic sequencing was performed,and the results were validated using qRT-PCR and western blot analysis.Results:HYJD significantly ameliorated inflammatory infiltration in lung tissue,decreased mucus protein secretion,and reduced the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).Additionally,it lowered the expression of cytokines IL-4,IL-5,IL-13,IL-25,thymic stromal lymphopoietin(TSLP),and IL-33 in BALF,and reduced the differentiation of ILC2 cells in both lung tissue and spleen.Transcriptomic analysis and experimental validation revealed that HYJD downregulated the expression of NLRP3 related genes and proteins within the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway.Conclusion:The mechanism by which HYJD intervenes in acute lung injury associated with viral pneumonia may involve the reduction of ILC2 cells differentiation and the inhibition of NLRP3 activation.
基金Supported in part by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2023GXNSFAA026246)in part by the Central Government's Guide to Local Science and Technology Development Fund(GuikeZY23055044)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62363003)。
文摘In this paper,we consider the maximal positive definite solution of the nonlinear matrix equation.By using the idea of Algorithm 2.1 in ZHANG(2013),a new inversion-free method with a stepsize parameter is proposed to obtain the maximal positive definite solution of nonlinear matrix equation X+A^(*)X|^(-α)A=Q with the case 0<α≤1.Based on this method,a new iterative algorithm is developed,and its convergence proof is given.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82430116 and 82574622)the Special Fund of Central Committee High Level Chinese Medicine Hospital(Nos.DZMG-LJRC-0014,DZMG-ZJXY-23013)+1 种基金Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation“Thousand Million”Talents Project(Qihuang Project 2021)Qihuang Scholarsthe Medical and Health Industry Development Project of Tongzhou District(2023).
文摘Chronic heart failure(CHF)impairs cognitive function.Xijiaqi Formula(XJQ),a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)used clinically to treat CHF,demonstrates potential for improving cognition in CHF patients.However,its precise mechanism in treating post-CHF cognitive dysfunction remains unclear.This study systematically investigates XJQ’s effects on post-CHF cognitive dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms.The components of XJQ were identified through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.CHF was induced in rats via ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery,followed by six weeks of XJQ treatment.Cardiac function was evaluated through echocardiography and hemodynamic parameters,while cognitive function was assessed using Morris water maze(MWM)and open field tests(OFT).XJQ treatment enhanced both cardiac and cognitive functions in CHF rats.Network pharmacology identified 12 core active components of XJQ and indicated its effect on cognitive dysfunction involved regulating synapses,inflammation,and phosphodiesterase 4(PDE4)-dependent cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)signaling.XJQ inhibited microglial and astrocyte activation,decreased proinflammatory cytokines,and mitigated neuronal damage.Notably,XJQ promoted synaptic repair and dendritic growth by downregulating PDE4 and upregulating cAMP,protein kinase A(PKA),cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB),brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),PSD95,and synapsin I levels.Molecular docking and Bio-layer interferometry assays confirmed direct binding of quercetin,kaempferol,isorhamnetin,and darutoside to PDE4.In conclusion,XJQ alleviates neuroinflammation and enhances synaptic plasticity to improve cognitive dysfunction in CHF rats via the PDE4/cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway.These findings provide valuable insight into the heart-brain axis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.U2139208 and 52278516Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,China Earthquake Administration under Grant No.2024D15Key Laboratory of Soft Soil Characteristic and Engineering Environment,Tianjin Chengjian University under Grant No.2022SCEEKL003。
文摘This study presents an effective hybrid simulation approach for simulating broadband ground motion in complex near-fault locations.The approach utilizes a deterministic approach based on the spectral element method(SEM),which is used to simulate low-frequency ground motion(f<1 Hz)by incorporating an innovative efficient discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method for grid division to accurately model basin sedimentary layers at reduced costs.It also introduces a comprehensive hybrid source model for high-frequency random scattering and a nonlinear analysis module for basin sedimentary layers.Deterministic outcomes are combined with modified three-dimensional stochastic finite fault method(3D-EXSIM)simulations of high-frequency ground motion(f>1 Hz).A fourth-order Butterworth filter with zero phase shift is employed for time-domain filtering of low-and high-frequency time series at a crossover frequency of 1 Hz,merging the low and high-frequency ground motions into a broadband time series.Taking an Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake,as an example,this hybrid method was used for a rapid and efficient simulation analysis of broadband ground motion in the region.The accuracy and efficiency of this hybrid method were verified through comparisons with actually observed station data and empirical attenuation curves.Deterministic method simulation results revealed the effects of mountainous topography,basin effects,nonlinear effects within the basin’s sedimentary layers,and a coupling interaction between the basin and the mountains.The findings are consistent with similar studies,showing that near-fault sedimentary basins significantly focus and amplify strong ground motion,and the soil’s nonlinear behavior in the basin influences ground motion to varying extents at different distances from the fault.The mountainous topography impacts the basin’s response to ground motion,leading to barrier effects.This research provides a scientific foundation for seismic zoning,urban planning,and seismic design in nearfault mountain basin regions.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFB4102903)。
文摘This study systematically conducted preparation optimization and performance investigations on Co-modified Ce/TiO_(2) catalysts,with a focus on examining how preparation methods and Co loading regulate the catalyst’s low-temperature denitrification activity.After identifying optimal preparation parameters via condition screening,multiple characterization techniques-including BET,XRD,XPS,H_(2)-TPR and in situ DRIFTS-were employed to deeply analyze the catalyst’s physicochemical properties and reaction mechanism.Results demonstrated that compared to the impregnation and co-precipitation methods,the Ce-Co_(0.025)/TiO_(2)-SG catalyst(prepared by the sol-gel method with a Co/Ti mass ratio of 0.025)exhibited significantly superior denitrification activity:NO conversion remained stably above 95%in the 225−350℃ temperature range,and it displayed high N_(2) selectivity.Characterization analysis revealed that abundant surface oxygen vacancies,a high proportion of Ce^(3+) species,and prominent acidic sites collectively contributed to enhancing its low-temperature denitrification performance.This work provides reference value for the development of highly efficient low-temperature denitrification catalysts.
文摘BACKGROUND Perimenopausal women are prone to anxiety and depression due to fluctuating hormone levels,which significantly impair their quality of life.The current treatments have certain limitations.In traditional Chinese medicine,liver-soothing formulas are commonly prescribed for mood-related disorders,but their overall efficacy in perimenopausal anxiety and depression remains uncertain and requires verification through meta-analysis.AIM To provide evidence-based support for clinical decision-making and research,a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of liver-soothing formulas in treating perimenopausal anxiety and depression.METHODS Relevant studies published up to April 2025 were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov,PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library.Eligible studies were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data were extracted and analyzed using the Stata 12.0 software.RESULTS After searching and screening,12 articles involving 1798 patients(922 in the treatment group and 876 in the control group)were included in the analysis.Meta-analysis showed that the standardized scores for anxiety[standardized mean difference(SMD)=-0.71,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.06 to-0.36]and depression(SMD=-0.67,95%CI:-1.06 to-0.27)of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group.Subgroup analysis results revealed that for anxiety,liver-soothing formulas used alone(SMD=-0.34,95%CI:-0.50 to-0.18)or in combination(SMD=-0.88,95%CI:-1.43 to-0.34)both significantly reduced scores compared with the control group.For depression,monotherapy of liversoothing formulas showed no significant statistical difference between the treatment and control groups(SMD=-0.47,95%CI:-1.11 to 0.17),whereas combination therapy produced significantly lower standardized scale scores in the treatment group than in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(SMD=-0.83,95%CI:-1.39 to-0.28).Regarding Greene scores,no statistically significant difference was observed with monotherapy(SMD=0.87,95%CI:-0.32 to 2.06),whereas combination therapy had significantly lower Greene scores(SMD=-0.24,95%CI:-0.44 to-0.04).No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in the occurrence of adverse reactions(odds ratio=0.90,95%CI:0.57-1.43).However,liver-soothing formulas did not affect estrogen levels in perimenopausal women.CONCLUSION Compared with placebo,conventional Western medicine,or other interventions,the monotherapy of liver-soothing formulas demonstrates superior efficacy in treating perimenopausal anxiety.When used as an adjuvant,they exert a synergistic effect in alleviating negative emotions and improving overall perimenopausal symptoms.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD2100700).
文摘Triacylglycerol(TAG)components in human milk,infant formulas with different fat sources,and plant oils(palm oil,flaxseed oil,sunflower oil,corn oil,soybean oil,coconut oil,low erucic acid rapeseed oil,and high oleic acid rapeseed oil)were analyzed and compared using ultraperformance supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPSFC-Q-TOF-MS).Distinct TAG profiles were identified by lipidomics,principal component analysis(PCA),and heatmap visualization.Human milk was characterized by a high abundance of medium-and long-chain triacylglycerols(MLCTs),saturated-unsaturated-unsaturated(SUU)-type TAGs(sn-2 palmitic acid).In contrast,plant oils lacked MLCTs and SUU-type TAGs,containing mainly TAGs esterified long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid.Breast milk contains about 27%MLCT,about 50%SUU-type triacylglycerols(which contain about 34%UPU-type triacylglycerols),which is significantly different from plant oils,structured fats and infant formulas.These findings provide a clear basis for optimizing the fat blend in infant formula to better mimic the unique TAG profile of human milk,thereby improving energy delivery and nutrient absorption for infants.
基金Supported by National Famous and Senior Chinese Medicine Expert Heritage Studio Construction Project:Zhi Nan Heritage Studio(No.75[2022])Beijing Municipal Key Traditional Chinese Medicine Specialty Development Project during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period(No.BJZKBC0029)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the pharmacological effects and underlying mechanisms of Pinggan Yuyin Qingre formula(平肝育阴清热方,PGYYQR)in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)through network pharmacology and in vivo validation.METHODS:A mouse model of MGD was induced using the stearoyl-coenzyme a desaturase 1 inhibitor,followed by PGYYQR treatment for 2 weeks.MGD sign scoring,hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining,oil red o(ORO)staining,and serum inflammatory cytokine analysis were conducted to assess the effects of PGYYQR on meibomian gland(MG)function,histopathology,and associated inflammation.Network pharmacology was employed to identify the active compounds and potential targets of PGYYQR.Molecular mechanisms were further investigated using Western blotting,reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)assays.RESULTS:PGYYQR treatment significantly reduced the scores of MG orifice obstruction and meibum quality in MGD mice.HE and ORO staining further demonstrated that PGYYQR ameliorated glandular damage and lipid dysfunction.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results revealed that PGYYQR markedly decreased the serum levels of key inflammatory cytokines,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α.Network pharmacology identified 162 active compounds and 598 target genes in PGYYQR.Among these,IL-6,IL-1β,matrix metalloproteinase-9,and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 were recognized as core targets related to MGD and were mainly enriched in the IL-17/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Further molecular analyses confirmed that PGYYQR significantly inhibited the IL-17/NF-κB axis by downregulating IL-17 expression and reducing phosphorylated NF-κB p65 levels at both the protein and m RNA levels in MG tissues.PGYYQR also effectively reduced ROS levels in the conjunctival tissues of MGD mice.CONCLUSION:PGYYQR effectively improves MG function and preserves local tissue morphology in MGD model mice,primarily by suppressing the inflammatory response through coordinated modulation of the IL-17/NF-κB signaling pathway and oxidative stress.
基金Supported by Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program (Grant No.T20220120).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a quantitative assessment method for the textural quality of chieh-qua fruit.[Methods]Using two modes of a texture analyzer,namely TPA(texture profile analysis)and puncture,the index data of the fruit were obtained by setting different trigger forces,deformation levels,test speeds,as well as puncture speeds and puncture depths.The data included TPA hardness,adhesiveness,springiness,cohesiveness,gumminess,chewiness,resilience,as well as skin hardness,skin toughness,flesh hardness,fracturability,and compactness.[Results]Different deformation levels had a significant impact on all parameters.Hardness,adhesiveness,gumminess and chewiness showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the deformation level increasing.When the deformation level was 30%,the adhesiveness,gumminess and chewiness reached their maximum values.When the deformation level was 50%,TPA hardness reached its maximum.When the compression speed was 3 mm/s,the measured values of TPA hardness,adhesiveness,chewiness,and resilience were at their maximums.The skin hardness varied significantly under different trigger forces.When the trigger force was 15 g,the skin hardness reached a maximum value of 944.63 g,and the skin toughness,flesh hardness,fracturability,and compactness also reach their maximum values respectively.When the puncture depth was 12 mm,the flesh hardness and skin toughness reached their maximums of 682.51 g and 1.82 mm,respectively.In the TPA mode,the flesh hardness of chieh-qua showed an extremely significant negative correlation with springiness,cohesiveness,and resilience(P<0.01).The fruit fracturability detected by puncture had an extremely significant positive correlation with compactness(P<0.01).[Conclusions]The evaluation method for measuring chieh-qua texture by combining TPA and the puncture mode could accurately and quantitatively reflect the differences in the flesh texture quality of chieh-qua.The optimal parameters for texture measurement of chieh-qua fruit were determined as a 15 g trigger force with 50%deformation and a 3 mm/s compression speed in TPA mode,and a 15 g trigger force with a 12 mm puncture depth in puncture mode.Puncture speed was found to have no significant effect on the texture indices of chieh-qua.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52405095,12272089,and 92360305)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of China(No.2023A1515110557)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(No.2023-BSBA-102)the Open Fund of National Key Laboratory of Particle Transport and Separation Technology of China(No.WZKF-2024-6)the Open Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automobile Components and Vehicle Technology of China(Nos.2024GKLACVTKF07 and 2024GKLACVTKF06)the Basic Research Projects of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education of China(No.JYTQN2023162)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.N2403022)。
文摘The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometric distortions, leading to a diminution in the predictive accuracy of the distorted similitude. To address this challenge, this study formulates a novel set of scaling laws, tailored to account for the intricate geometric distortions associated with elastic rings. The proposed scaling laws are formulated based on the intrinsic deformation characteristics of elastic rings, rather than the traditional systemic governing equations. Numerical and experimental cases are conducted to assess the efficacy and precision of the proposed scaling laws, and the obtained results are compared with those achieved by traditional methods. The outcomes demonstrate that the scaling laws put forth by this study significantly enhance the predictive capabilities for deformations of elastic rings.
